2017-09-29

FFTC Workshop CONTENTs 2017. 9. 12.

Current Status of Protected Horticulture in Korea Ⅰ Protected Horticulture Research Institute

II Introduction

III Greenhouse structure

IV Energy saving technology

V Environment control

VI Smart farm

VII Inho Yu Conclusion Protected Horticulture Research Institute

National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA 1-42

Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA

Organization - 4 specialized laboratories: Greenhouse structure & materials, Greenhouse Energy saving, Hydroponic culture, Greenhouse ICT -16 researchers, 5 technician, and 50 research assistant members Seoul Suwon History - Founded in 1953 as Central Institute of Horticulture Technique - Changed in 1962 as Branch Station of Horticulture Research Station, RDA - Changed in 2015 as Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA

Main Missions 1) Research on development and use for greenhouse structures, equipment, 360km away from Seoul structural safety assessment system for greenhouse crops 2) Development of energy saving techniques for protected horticulture to cope with high fuel costs 3) Research on hydroponics and fertigation systems for greenhouse crops 4) Development of precise control techniques of the greenhouse microclimate and root zone environment for high quality horticultural crop production

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Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA Introduction

Greenhouse farming in Korea has developed very quickly since 1990s. ㆍGreenhouse area: 762 ha (1970) ⇒ 54,945 ha (2015), 0.4ha / farm ㆍMostly plastic greenhouse: 99% (single-span 88%) ㆍHeated: 73% (by air heater)ㆍAutomatically controlled ( 30%) ㆍHydroponic culture: 3,295ha (6.0%)

< Watermelon grown greenhouse complex > < Greenhouse strawberry grown on high bed system >

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Introduction Introduction

Yearly change of greenhouse area in Korea Ratio of greenhouse types in 2015

< Vegetable > < Flower >

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Introduction Introduction

Greenhouse vegetable cultivation in 2015 Major greenhouse fruit vegetable cultivation in 2015

Growing area Production Crop Major crops Water- Straw- Green (ha) (1,000 ton) Crop Total Tomato Paprika melon berry pepper Total vegetable growing area : Total 63,815 2,715 246,725 ha Greenhouse 31,439 12,572 6,976 6,306 4,878 707 Root 1,105 44 radish area (ha)

Chinese cabbage, lettuce, chives, Leaf 10,640 342 Production 1,442,887 544,605 456,982 192,776 175,574 72,950 spinach, water parsley. (ton) watermelon, strawberry, tomato, Yield Fruit 46,693 2,165 green pepper, paprika, cucumber, 4.6 4.3 6.6 3.0 3.6 10.3 (kg/m2) oriental melon, squash, melon Condiment 2,022 51 welsh onion

Others 3,355 112 cauliflower, red cabbage

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Introduction Greenhouse structure

History of Protected Horticulture in Korea Glasshouse in Korea

1450’s 1950’s 1970’s 1980’s • Clay, oil paper, ondol • First started in Gimhae • Iron pipe, soft film, • Iron pipe, soft film, • Wood, bamboo, PVC single-span heat insulation, scale up

< Venlo type > < Even span type >

 Construction cost : 2.4~3.0 million US$ /ha 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s Future  Long-term loan with one percent annual interest • Modernizing • Large scale and multi • Improving structure • Applying ICT and BT for glasshouse construction from government • Automation, labor saving span • Precise environment control • Plant factory • Increase area of protected horticulture 10-42 11-42

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Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure

Plastic greenhouse in Korea New greenhouse model

< Strawberry > (Arch type)

< Single-span type > < Multi-span type > < Tomato > (Eaves 4.5m Ridge 6.5m) < Paprika > (Eaves height 5.4m, Ridge height 7.4m)  Taller, stronger, better environment than the old model.  30~40% higher yield than the old model, 90% level of glasshouse yield.

< Tunnel type > < Mammoth type > 12-42  Construction cost: 2/3 level of glasshouse 13-42

Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure

Regional standard of design wind velocity Climatic disasters in plastic greenhouse Wind velocity Gyeonggi Gyeongsang Jeolla Chungcheong Gangwon-do Jeju-do ㆍAverage (1998~2015): 76 million US$ /yr (㎧) (Seoul, Incheon) (Busan, Ulsan, Daegu) (Gwangju) (Daejeon, Sejong) 22 Hongcheon - - - - - ㆍMaximum (2001): 340 million US$, 4,984 ha 24 Heongseong Yeoju, Icheon Bonghwa Suncheon Boeun, Geumsan - Gwangju, Anseong, Gurye, Gokseong, Namwon, Goesan, Eumseong, Jecheon, 26 Samcheok, Wonju Yangpyeong, Osan,, Uiseong, Geochang, Hamyang Muju, Sunchang, Imsil, Jangsu, - Jeungpyeong, Jincheon, Chungju Yongin, Pyeongtaek Jeongeup, Jinan

 Typhoon : 49.8% Ganghwa, Gwacheon, Guri, Gunpo, Gyeongsan, Goryeong, Gunwi, Daegu, Gongju, Nonsan, Buyeo, Asan,  Heavy snow : 47.2% Namyangju, Seongnam, Suwon, 28 Inje, Taebaek Mungyeong, Sancheong, Andong, Buan Sejong, Yeongdong, Okcheon, - Anyang, Yeoncheon, Uiwang,  Heavy rain : 3.0% Hapcheon Cheonan, Cheongwon, Cheongju Hanam

Seoul, Gapyeong, Goyang, Geoje, Miryang, Sangju, Seongju, Yanggu, Yeongwol, Gwangmyeong, Dongducheon, Yeongyang, Yeongcheon, Yecheon, Gochang, Gimje, Damyang, Boseong, 30 Danyang, Yesan, Cheongyang - Pyeongchang Ansan, Yangju, Uijeongbu, Paju, Cheongdo, Cheongsong, Changnyeong, Wanju, Iksan, Jangheung, Jeonju, Pocheon, Hwaseong Chilgok

Gumi, Gyeongju, Gimcheon, Cheorwon, Chuncheon, Goheung, Gwangju, Yeongam, Gyeryong, Dangjin, Daejeon, 32 Gimpo, Bucheon, Siheung Yeongju, Ulju, Ulsan, Jinju, Uiryeong, - Hwacheon Jangseong, Hwasun Hongseong Hadong, Chupungnyeong

Gimhae, Namhae, Sacheon, Gangjin, Gwangyang, Naju, Muan, 34 Jeongseon Incheon, Ongjin Yeongdeok, Yangsan, Jinhae, Boryeong, Seosan, Taean - Yeonggwang, Hampyeong, Haenam Changwon, Haman, Pohang

36 - - Masan, Busan Mokpo Seocheonn -

38 Donghae, Gangneung - Goseong Gunsan, Sinan - Seongsan Olga Prapiroon Rusa Maemi Kompasu Bolaven Saomai source: safekorea.go.kr Goseong, yangyang, Jeju, Gosan, ≥ 40 - Tongyeong, Ulleung, Uljin Jindo, Yeosu, Wando - Daegwallyeong, Sokcho Seogwipo

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Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure

Regional standard of design snow depth Disaster-resistant facilities for horticultural and special crops Snow depth Gyeonggi Gyeongsang Jeolla Chungcheong Gangwon-do Jeju-do (㎝) (Seoul, Incheon) (Busan, Ulsan, Daegu) (Gwangju) (Daejeon, Sejong) by government (MAFRA) Geoje, Goseong, Gimhae, Namhae, Masan, Miryang, Sacheon, Yangsan, Ulsan, Uiryeong, Gosan, st Jinju, Jinhae, Changnyeong, Changwon, Goheung, Gwangyang, ㆍ1 notice: April 2007 20 - - - Seogwipo, Tongyeong, Hadong, Haman, Ulju, Gyeongsan, Boseong,Yeosu, Wando Jeju Gyeongju, Daegu, Yeongcheon, Uiseong, Cheongdo, Pohang ㆍ5th notice (the latest edition): July 2014 Ganghwa, Pocheon, Andong, Goryeong, Gunwi, Hapcheon, Suncheon, Jangheung, Haenam, 22 Cheorwon - Seongsan Dongducheon Cheongsong, Chilgok Gangjin, Jindo Gapyeong, Goyang, Guri, Gunpo, Gwacheon, Gwangmyeong, Gwangju, Namyangju, Bucheon, Gimpo, Greenhouse models in standards Busan, Gumi, Seongju, Sancheong, Bonghwa, 24 - Seongnam, Siheung, Suwon, Ansan, Gurye - - Yeongyang Anyang, Yangpyeong, Yangju, Uijeongbu, Uiwang, Osan, Yeoncheon, ㆍPlastic greenhouse Yongin, Hanam, Hwaseong, Paju Geumsan, Danyang, Buyeo, Seoul, Anseong, Incheon, Ongjin, Yeoju, Boryeong, Asan, Yesan, Multi-span (5), Single-span (19), Mammoth (5), 26 Wonju Yecheon Jeonju, wanju - Pyeongtaek Hongseong, Cheongyang, Cheonan, Chungju, Jecheon Fruit (3), Mushroom (2) Nonsan, Gongju, Dangjin, 28 Hwacheon Icheon Gimcheon, Yeongju Yeongam, Iksan, Gokseong - Eumseong, Taean Seosan, Daejeon, Sejong, Inje, Yeongwol, Yanggu, 30 - Geochang, Sangju, Hamyang Hwasun, Namwon, Muju, Sinan Yeongdong, Okcheon, - ㆍShading structure for ginseng Hongcheon Goesan, Jincheon Gyeryong, Boeun, Seocheon, 32 Chuncheon - Chupungnyeong Mokpo - Iron (5), Wood (15) Jeungpyeong 34 Hoengseong - Mungyeong, Yeongdeok Gunsan, Naju, Jinan Cheongju, Cheongwon - Gwangju, Muan, Sunchang, 36 - - - ㆍPrivate development model Hampyeong 38 - Uljin Jangsu - - Multi-span (5), Single-span (19), Mammoth (5) Sokcho, Daegwallyeong, Gangneung, Donghae, Damyang, Gimje, Yeonggwang, Imsil, ≥ 40 Samcheok, Taebaek, - Ulleung Jangseong, Buan, Jeongeup, - - Pyeongchang, Goseong, Gochang 16-42 17-42 Jeongseon, Yangyang

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Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure

Greenhouse model (Multi-span) Greenhouse model (Multi-span)

< 07-Multi-1 >

< 08-Multi-1 >

< 12-Multi-1 >

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Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure

Greenhouse model (Single-span) Evaluation of greenhouse performance

< 10-Single-1 > < 10-Single-6 >

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Greenhouse structure Energy saving technology

Greenhouse modeling program (GHModeler) Greenhouse heating ㆍHeating costs ratio to operating expenses: 27% (2015) ㆍHeating fuel: oil (84%), coalㆍwood(8%), electricity(6%) ㆍRenewable energy: geothermal (214 ha), Solar thermal (68 ha)

< Hot water boiler > < Coal boiler >

* Download http://www.nongsaro.go.kr/portal/ps/psx/psxc/ vinyHousInfo.ps?menuId=PS03995

< Electric heater with lamp > < Fan coil unit > 22-42 23-42

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Energy saving technology Energy saving technology

Insulation curtain types Multi-layered insulation curtain (multi-span) ㆍCrop: green pepper ㆍExperimental plot: Non-woven (control), multi-layered

ㆍFuel: decreased by 46%, yield: increased by 27%

< Multi-layered insulation curtain > < Outside covering multi-layered insulation curtain > Fuel consumption (L/10a) consumption Fuel Non-woven Multi-layered

< Two-layered non-woven fabric > < Automatic tunnel covering in greenhouse > 24-42 25-42

Energy saving technology Energy saving technology

Multi-layered insulation curtain (single-span) Package technology for energy saving in glasshouse ㆍCrop: cucumber ㆍCrop: paprika ㆍExperimental plot: 3 layered covering (control), Rolling up, Sliding ㆍPackage configuration: Geothermal source heater, Aluminum multi- ㆍFuel decreased by: Rolling up 41%, Sliding 43% layered curtain, root zone heating

ㆍYield increased by: Rolling up 10%, Sliding 12% ㆍFuel: decreased by 85%, yield: increased by 12% (control: oil heater)

< Control > < Rolling up > < Sliding > (L/10a) consumption Fuel Heating pipe Control Rolling up Sliding

< Geothermal source heater > < Al multi-layered curtain> < Root zone heating>

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Environment control Environment control

Cooling Artificial lighting ● Status - Lighting → Long-day treatment → Low illumination, night break - Supplementary lighting < Aluminum screen for shading > < Paint spray for shading > < Ocher spray for shading > → Accelerating photo-synthesis < Supplementary lighting → High pressure sodium lamp, LED in rose and tomato cultivation > Temperature drop: 6~7℃  Humidification ● Goal  Low installation and - High effects of Supplementary operation cost lighting

< Fan&Pad system > < Fog system > - Cost down

28-42 < Supplementary lighting by LED > 29-42

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Environment control Environment control

CO2 enrichment Automatic irrigation ● Status - Timer: 1-2L/plant/day, 4-12times - Fruit vegetables  paprika - Solar radiation sensor - 1,000ppm  high yield(20-30%) - Lysimeter < Liquefied > - Moisture sensor (Tensiometer, FDR, TDR)

● Problems < Tensiometer >

Liquid CO2  high cost

- Supply without standard < Kerosene > < Solid type > - Imperfect combustion CO2 enrichment in tomato cultivation

< Timer > < Solar radiation sensor > < Lysimeter > < FDR sensor > CO2 supplying pipe

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Environment control Smart farm

Environment controller Concept

A farm where information and communication technology (ICT) technology is applied to greenhouses, animal sheds, orchards, etc. to remotely and automatically manage the growth environment of crops and livestock properly

< Normal ON-OFF type controller > < ON-OFF type controller attached to heater >

 Can be controlled by smart phone Through smart farm, improving agriculture competitiveness, and overcoming  ½ price of Netherland products limitation of small farm scale by increasing the yield and quality, decreasing input < Computerized environmental of fertilizer, water, and energy control system made in Korea > 32-42 33-42

Smart farm Smart farm

Supplying 4,000 ha of smart greenhouse by 2017 Application effect

▶ High-tech greenhouse for exporting: 600 ha Hwasun, Tomato (multi-span, 1.3ha) 100% of greenhouse areas for exported crops - Yield increase: 65kg/3.3m2 → 101kg, 55% ↑ such as paprika, tomato, and flower - Labor saving: 8hrs/day → 4hrs, 50% ↓ Multi-span greenhouse: 2,400 ha - Energy saving: 35% ↓ 30% of multi-span greenhouse area (7,853 ha) for cucumber and strawberry, and etc. Increase yield through modernization of the greenhouse, installation of Single-span greenhouse: 1,000ha smart farm and consulting by experts 10% of single-span greenhouse area (10,719 ha) Measurement of Analysis and Precise for watermelon and oriental melon, and etc. Increase of environment and consulting control of productivity Relieving burden of farmers growth data with experts growth

Policy interest (2.5%) 50% 55% Supporting subsidy to equip related facilities to ICT such as nutrient supply device and automatic switches

using 60% of support working expenses of protected horticulture Yield (kg/3.3m2) Labor (hr/day)

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Smart farm Smart farm

1st generation (2016) 2nd generation (2018)

Farmers control greenhouses directly remotely through image Greenhouse environment can be automatically controlled

“Farm work more comfortable by smart technology” “Increasing productivity and quality by smart technology” Relieve out of tied time and space to control greenhouse environment Upward leveling of farming skills by analysis of big-data and advanced prescription

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Smart farm Smart farm

3rd generation (2020) Automation system for measuring crop growth by 3D camera

Optimally control energy of smart greenhouse system and robot farm work ㆍleaf area, , leaf temp., flower cluster, No. of internode, No. of fruit

< 3D camera> < S/W for image analysis > < Measurement Data >

“Developing agriculture industry by Korean smart greenhouse” Entering global market by adjusting international standards

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Smart farm Smart farm

Measuring crop growth by thermal camera Measuring crop growth by micro sensor ㆍleaf temp., fruit temp. ㆍSap flow, EC in tomato stem

< Changes of Sap flow by Solar radiation > < Changes of EC by Solar radiation > 40-42 41-42

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Conclusions

Thank you for your attention!! Protected horticulture industry in Korea has developed rapidly in recent three decades with government support and efforts of farmers. Co-researcher: J.K. Kwon, H.R. Ryu, G.S. Park, and M.W. Cho Recently, Korean agriculture has faced difficulties both internally and externally. The profitability and competitiveness of agriculture is deteriorating due to the small scale of management, labor shortage, rising wages, and agricultural products import opening.

To cope with such changes in agricultural conditions, much effort have been made regarding modernization of greenhouse, labor saving and automation devices, energy saving technology using natural energy, and development of smart farm using ICT technology. • +82-55-580-5504 • +82-10-8594-0247 42-42 • [email protected]

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