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Current Status of Protected Horticulture in Korea Ⅰ Protected Horticulture Research Institute

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Current Status of Protected Horticulture in Korea Ⅰ Protected Horticulture Research Institute 2017-09-29 FFTC Workshop CONTENTs 2017. 9. 12. Current Status of Protected Horticulture in Korea Ⅰ Protected Horticulture Research Institute II Introduction III Greenhouse structure IV Energy saving technology V Environment control VI Smart farm VII Inho Yu Conclusion Protected Horticulture Research Institute National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA 1-42 Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA Organization - 4 specialized laboratories: Greenhouse structure & materials, Greenhouse Energy saving, Hydroponic culture, Greenhouse ICT -16 researchers, 5 technician, and 50 research assistant members Seoul Suwon History - Founded in 1953 as Central Institute of Horticulture Technique - Changed in 1962 as Branch Station of Horticulture Research Station, RDA - Changed in 2015 as Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA Main Missions 1) Research on development and use for greenhouse structures, equipment, 360km away from Seoul structural safety assessment system for greenhouse crops 2) Development of energy saving techniques for protected horticulture to cope with high fuel costs 3) Research on hydroponics and fertigation systems for greenhouse crops 4) Development of precise control techniques of the greenhouse microclimate and root zone environment for high quality horticultural crop production 2-42 3-42 Protected Horticulture Research Institute, NIHHS, RDA Introduction Greenhouse farming in Korea has developed very quickly since 1990s. ㆍGreenhouse area: 762 ha (1970) ⇒ 54,945 ha (2015), 0.4ha / farm ㆍMostly plastic greenhouse: 99% (single-span 88%) ㆍHeated: 73% (by air heater)ㆍAutomatically controlled ( 30%) ㆍHydroponic culture: 3,295ha (6.0%) < Watermelon grown greenhouse complex > < Greenhouse strawberry grown on high bed system > 4-42 5-42 1 2017-09-29 Introduction Introduction Yearly change of greenhouse area in Korea Ratio of greenhouse types in 2015 < Vegetable > < Flower > 6-42 7-42 Introduction Introduction Greenhouse vegetable cultivation in 2015 Major greenhouse fruit vegetable cultivation in 2015 Growing area Production Crop Major crops Water- Straw- Green (ha) (1,000 ton) Crop Total Tomato Paprika melon berry pepper Total vegetable growing area : Total 63,815 2,715 246,725 ha Greenhouse 31,439 12,572 6,976 6,306 4,878 707 area (ha) Root 1,105 44 radish Chinese cabbage, lettuce, chives, Leaf 10,640 342 Production 1,442,887 544,605 456,982 192,776 175,574 72,950 spinach, water parsley. (ton) watermelon, strawberry, tomato, Yield Fruit 46,693 2,165 green pepper, paprika, cucumber, 4.6 4.3 6.6 3.0 3.6 10.3 (kg/m2) oriental melon, squash, melon Condiment 2,022 51 welsh onion Others 3,355 112 cauliflower, red cabbage 8-42 9-42 Introduction Greenhouse structure History of Protected Horticulture in Korea Glasshouse in Korea 1450’s 1950’s 1970’s 1980’s • Clay, oil paper, ondol • First started in Gimhae • Iron pipe, soft film, • Iron pipe, soft film, • Wood, bamboo, PVC single-span heat insulation, scale up < Venlo type > < Even span type > Construction cost : 2.4~3.0 million US$ /ha 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s Future Long-term loan with one percent annual interest • Modernizing • Large scale and multi • Improving structure • Applying ICT and BT for glasshouse construction from government • Automation, labor saving span • Precise environment control • Plant factory • Increase area of protected horticulture 10-42 11-42 2 2017-09-29 Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure Plastic greenhouse in Korea New greenhouse model < Strawberry > (Arch type) < Single-span type > < Multi-span type > < Tomato > (Eaves 4.5m Ridge 6.5m) < Paprika > (Eaves height 5.4m, Ridge height 7.4m) Taller, stronger, better environment than the old model. 30~40% higher yield than the old model, 90% level of glasshouse yield. < Tunnel type > < Mammoth type > 12-42 Construction cost: 2/3 level of glasshouse 13-42 Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure Regional standard of design wind velocity Climatic disasters in plastic greenhouse Wind velocity Gyeonggi Gyeongsang Jeolla Chungcheong Gangwon-do Jeju-do (㎧) (Seoul, Incheon) (Busan, Ulsan, Daegu) (Gwangju) (Daejeon, Sejong) ㆍAverage (1998~2015): 76 million US$ /yr 22 Hongcheon - - - - - 24 Heongseong Yeoju, Icheon Bonghwa Suncheon Boeun, Geumsan - ㆍMaximum (2001): 340 million US$, 4,984 ha Gwangju, Anseong, Gurye, Gokseong, Namwon, Goesan, Eumseong, Jecheon, 26 Samcheok, Wonju Yangpyeong, Osan,, Uiseong, Geochang, Hamyang Muju, Sunchang, Imsil, Jangsu, - Jeungpyeong, Jincheon, Chungju Yongin, Pyeongtaek Jeongeup, Jinan Typhoon : 49.8% Ganghwa, Gwacheon, Guri, Gunpo, Gyeongsan, Goryeong, Gunwi, Daegu, Gongju, Nonsan, Buyeo, Asan, Heavy snow : 47.2% Namyangju, Seongnam, Suwon, 28 Inje, Taebaek Mungyeong, Sancheong, Andong, Buan Sejong, Yeongdong, Okcheon, - Anyang, Yeoncheon, Uiwang, Heavy rain : 3.0% Hapcheon Cheonan, Cheongwon, Cheongju Hanam Seoul, Gapyeong, Goyang, Geoje, Miryang, Sangju, Seongju, Yanggu, Yeongwol, Gwangmyeong, Dongducheon, Yeongyang, Yeongcheon, Yecheon, Gochang, Gimje, Damyang, Boseong, 30 Danyang, Yesan, Cheongyang - Pyeongchang Ansan, Yangju, Uijeongbu, Paju, Cheongdo, Cheongsong, Changnyeong, Wanju, Iksan, Jangheung, Jeonju, Pocheon, Hwaseong Chilgok Gumi, Gyeongju, Gimcheon, Cheorwon, Chuncheon, Goheung, Gwangju, Yeongam, Gyeryong, Dangjin, Daejeon, 32 Gimpo, Bucheon, Siheung Yeongju, Ulju, Ulsan, Jinju, Uiryeong, - Hwacheon Jangseong, Hwasun Hongseong Hadong, Chupungnyeong Gimhae, Namhae, Sacheon, Gangjin, Gwangyang, Naju, Muan, 34 Jeongseon Incheon, Ongjin Yeongdeok, Yangsan, Jinhae, Boryeong, Seosan, Taean - Yeonggwang, Hampyeong, Haenam Changwon, Haman, Pohang 36 - - Masan, Busan Mokpo Seocheonn - 38 Donghae, Gangneung - Goseong Gunsan, Sinan - Seongsan Olga Prapiroon Rusa Maemi Kompasu Bolaven Saomai source: safekorea.go.kr Goseong, yangyang, Jeju, Gosan, ≥ 40 - Tongyeong, Ulleung, Uljin Jindo, Yeosu, Wando - Daegwallyeong, Sokcho Seogwipo 14-42 15-42 Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure Regional standard of design snow depth Disaster-resistant facilities for horticultural and special crops Snow depth Gyeonggi Gyeongsang Jeolla Chungcheong Gangwon-do Jeju-do (㎝) (Seoul, Incheon) (Busan, Ulsan, Daegu) (Gwangju) (Daejeon, Sejong) by government (MAFRA) Geoje, Goseong, Gimhae, Namhae, Masan, Miryang, Sacheon, Yangsan, Ulsan, Uiryeong, Gosan, st Jinju, Jinhae, Changnyeong, Changwon, Goheung, Gwangyang, ㆍ1 notice: April 2007 20 - - - Seogwipo, Tongyeong, Hadong, Haman, Ulju, Gyeongsan, Boseong,Yeosu, Wando Jeju Gyeongju, Daegu, Yeongcheon, Uiseong, Cheongdo, Pohang th ㆍ5 notice (the latest edition): July 2014 Ganghwa, Pocheon, Andong, Goryeong, Gunwi, Hapcheon, Suncheon, Jangheung, Haenam, 22 Cheorwon - Seongsan Dongducheon Cheongsong, Chilgok Gangjin, Jindo Gapyeong, Goyang, Guri, Gunpo, Gwacheon, Gwangmyeong, Gwangju, Namyangju, Bucheon, Gimpo, Greenhouse models in standards Busan, Gumi, Seongju, Sancheong, Bonghwa, 24 - Seongnam, Siheung, Suwon, Ansan, Gurye - - Yeongyang Anyang, Yangpyeong, Yangju, Uijeongbu, Uiwang, Osan, Yeoncheon, ㆍPlastic greenhouse Yongin, Hanam, Hwaseong, Paju Geumsan, Danyang, Buyeo, Seoul, Anseong, Incheon, Ongjin, Yeoju, Boryeong, Asan, Yesan, Multi-span (5), Single-span (19), Mammoth (5), 26 Wonju Yecheon Jeonju, wanju - Pyeongtaek Hongseong, Cheongyang, Cheonan, Chungju, Jecheon Fruit (3), Mushroom (2) Nonsan, Gongju, Dangjin, 28 Hwacheon Icheon Gimcheon, Yeongju Yeongam, Iksan, Gokseong - Eumseong, Taean Seosan, Daejeon, Sejong, Inje, Yeongwol, Yanggu, 30 - Geochang, Sangju, Hamyang Hwasun, Namwon, Muju, Sinan Yeongdong, Okcheon, - ㆍShading structure for ginseng Hongcheon Goesan, Jincheon Gyeryong, Boeun, Seocheon, 32 Chuncheon - Chupungnyeong Mokpo - Iron (5), Wood (15) Jeungpyeong 34 Hoengseong - Mungyeong, Yeongdeok Gunsan, Naju, Jinan Cheongju, Cheongwon - Gwangju, Muan, Sunchang, 36 - - - ㆍPrivate development model Hampyeong 38 - Uljin Jangsu - - Multi-span (5), Single-span (19), Mammoth (5) Sokcho, Daegwallyeong, Gangneung, Donghae, Damyang, Gimje, Yeonggwang, Imsil, ≥ 40 Samcheok, Taebaek, - Ulleung Jangseong, Buan, Jeongeup, - - Pyeongchang, Goseong, Gochang 16-42 17-42 Jeongseon, Yangyang 3 2017-09-29 Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure Greenhouse model (Multi-span) Greenhouse model (Multi-span) < 07-Multi-1 > < 08-Multi-1 > < 12-Multi-1 > 18-42 19-42 Greenhouse structure Greenhouse structure Greenhouse model (Single-span) Evaluation of greenhouse performance < 10-Single-1 > < 10-Single-6 > 20-42 21-42 Greenhouse structure Energy saving technology Greenhouse modeling program (GHModeler) Greenhouse heating ㆍHeating costs ratio to operating expenses: 27% (2015) ㆍHeating fuel: oil (84%), coalㆍwood(8%), electricity(6%) ㆍRenewable energy: geothermal (214 ha), Solar thermal (68 ha) <Hot air heater > < Hot water boiler > < Coal boiler > * Download http://www.nongsaro.go.kr/portal/ps/psx/psxc/ vinyHousInfo.ps?menuId=PS03995 <Electric heater > < Electric heater with lamp > < Fan coil unit > 22-42 23-42 4 2017-09-29 Energy saving technology Energy saving technology Insulation curtain types Multi-layered insulation curtain (multi-span) ㆍCrop: green pepper ㆍExperimental plot: Non-woven (control), multi-layered ㆍ Fuel: decreased by 46%, yield: increased by 27% < Multi-layered insulation curtain > < Outside covering multi-layered insulation curtain > Fuel consumption (L/10a) consumption Fuel Non-woven Multi-layered < Two-layered non-woven fabric > < Automatic tunnel covering in greenhouse > 24-42 25-42 Energy saving technology Energy saving technology
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