: The Art and the Craft

METHODSMETHODS OFOF CUTTINGCUTTING CIRCLESCIRCLES ANDAND CURVESCURVES

TEACHER’S GUIDE INTRODUCTION This Teacher’s Guide provides information to help you get the most out of Methods of Circles and Curves. The contents of this guide will allow you to prepare your stu- dents before using the program and present follow-up activities to reinforce the program’s key learning points.

Part of Woodworking: The Art and the Craft video series, Methods of Cutting Circles and Curves explains and illustrates how to properly make accurate drawings to use as a guide and how to use several types of when cutting circles and curves. While the program includes information about the and safety requirements of the task, the focus of the program is to provide specific information centered on how to cut curves and circles.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After viewing the program, students will be able to: ■ Demonstrate making an accurate drawing using a , circle template, or French curve. ■ Demonstrate transferring a design onto . ■ Describe the uses of a band , a , a saber saw, a , and a saw. ■ Describe how to make different cuts using a saw. ■ Describe how to making a coped joint. ■ Demonstrate using a coping saw to make an interior cut. ■ Demonstrate the safety rules for using power equipment.

EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS National Standards This program correlates with the following competency standards from the National Center for Construction Education & Research. The content has been aligned with the fol- lowing educational standards and benchmarks from this organization. ■ Explain the role that safety plays in the construction crafts. ■ Demonstrate the use and care of appropriate personal protective equipment. ■ Recognize some of the basic shapes used in the construction industry and apply basic geometry to measure them. ■ Use power tools safely. ■ Explain how to maintain power tools properly.

The competencies and objectives from the National Center for Construction Education & Research have been reprinted with permission.

English Language Arts Standards The activities in this Teacher’s Guide were created in compliance with the following National Standards for the English Language Arts from the National Council of Teachers of English. ■ Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process. ■ Gathers and uses information for research purposes. ■ Uses strategies to adapt writing for different purposes (e.g., to explain, inform, analyze, 2 entertain, reflect, persuade). Copyright © 2004 Meridian Education Corporation® ■ Uses reading skills and strategies to understand and interpret a variety of informational texts. ■ Uses discussions with peers as a way of understanding information. ■ Uses listening and speaking strategies for different purposes. ■ Makes formal presentations to the class (e.g., includes definitions for clarity; supports main ideas using anecdotes, examples, statistics, analogies, and other evidence; uses visual aids or technology, such as transparencies, slides, electronic media; cites informa- tion sources). ■ Uses viewing skills and strategies to understand and interpret visual media. ■ Uses a variety of criteria (e.g., clarity, accuracy, effectiveness, bias, relevance of facts) to evaluate informational media (e.g., web sites, documentaries, news programs).

Standards for the English Language Arts, by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English, Copyright 1996 by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English. Reprinted with permission.

Technology Standards The activities in this Teacher’s Guide were created in compliance with the following National Education Technology Standards from the National Education Technology Standards Project. ■ Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technolo- gy systems. ■ Students are proficient in the use of technology. ■ Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences. ■ Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. ■ Students use technology tools to process data and report results. ■ Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness for specific tasks.

The National Education Technology Standards reprinted with permission from the International Society for Technology Education.

PROGRAM OVERVIEW This video shows the steps involved in cutting circles and curves in wood lying flat on the saw table, as well as cutting three-dimensional curves such as those on a chair leg. It dis- cusses the need for a template, the different uses of various saws, such as band, scroll, saber and coping, and the use of routers. Safety concerns are also addressed throughout the video.

MAIN TOPICS Topic 1: Making and Transferring Accurate Drawings Shows how to use a compass, circle template, or French curve to make a drawing guide when laying out curves and circles. 3 Topic 2: Using a Band Saw to Make Flat Curve Cuts Shows how to use a band saw when making curved cuts with the stock flat on the saw table. Shows how to make relief and radius cuts and cut several pieces that are exactly the same.

Topic 3: Using a Band Saw to Make Three-Dimensional Curve Cuts Shows how to make a three-dimensional curve cut like a cabriole leg of a chair or table. Also shows smoothing the curves with a .

Topic 4: Using a Scroll Saw Shows how to use a scroll saw to cut out a design in the interior of the wood.

Topic 5: Using a Saber Saw Shows how to use a saber saw to cut out a design in the interior of the wood.

Topic 6: Using a Router Shows how to cut a curve with a router.

Topic 7: Using a Coping Saw Shows how to use a hand coping saw to create a coped joint and an interior cut.

FAST FACTS ■ If a drawing is poorly done, your final product will be adversely affected. ■ To determine the number of relief cuts needed, the general rule is one relief cut per width of the . ■ Two rules of thumb: the tighter the radius cut, the smaller the blade; but, the wider the blade, the easier it is to control the saw while cutting. ■ It is strongly suggested that all curved cuts be completed in one continuous pass. Do not stop the band saw in the middle of a curved cut and attempt to back the blade out while the machine is running. It may pull the blade off the wheels. ■ If you have several pieces to make that are exactly the same, you can save time by stacking them and cutting them together. ■ When debris accumulates around the blade or clogs the machine’s throat, turn the machine off and wait for it to come to a complete stop before removing the debris. ■ A coped joint will have a better appearance than a .

VOCABULARY TERMS band saw: Saw that uses variable blade sizes which can cut long sweeping curves and tight circles. circle template: A used to make accurate cutting guides for a circle or curve. compass: A tool used to make accurate cutting guides for a circle or curve. coped joints: Joints of two pieces of trim that intersect at an inside corner. coping saw: A used to make coped joints. French curve: A tool used to make accurate cutting guides for a circle or curve. radius cuts: Cuts made on the radius of a circle. relief cuts: Additional cuts made so that a band saw blade will not bind when cutting 4 the radius of a circle. router: A power tool used to cut circles and curves resulting in smooth edges. saber saw: A rough tool with limited accuracy that is able to make a plunge cut. scroll saw: A saw that can cut a much tighter radius than a band saw as well as cut out a design in the interior wood of a project.

PRE-PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What is the first step in cutting curves and circles? 2. How do you transfer a pattern to wood? 3. Why is the band saw one of the most versatile tools found in the shop?

POST-PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What safety rules must be followed when cutting circles and curves? 2. Why are relief cuts sometimes necessary? 3. What is an easy way to cut several pieces of wood at the same time? 4. In what careers might the techniques demonstrated in this video be useful?

GROUP ACTIVITIES Using a Band Saw Have the class prepare a display of the used in band saws. Next to each blade, show the type of cut that is possible to make with each. This will provide practice using the band saw and provide a reference to use when determining which blade to use in future projects.

INDIVIDUAL STUDENT PROJECTS Using a Scroll Saw Have individuals prepare a template of a design that includes a circle. Transfer this tem- plate to the wood and use a scroll saw to cut out the design following the procedure shown in the video.

INTERNET ACTIVITIES Decorative Circles and Curves Have individuals or groups research woodworking sites to find decorative projects that require the use of band, saber, or scroll saws. This will provide practical applications for the techniques shown in the video.

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Q: What are two ways to transfer a design drawn on paper onto a piece of wood? Answer/Feedback: 1. Trace the template onto the wood with a pencil. 2. Temporarily glue the paper onto the wood.

Q: The coping saw is one of the most versatile tools found in the woodworking shop. (True or False) A: False 5 Feedback: The band saw has replaced the coping saw because it can use many sizes of blades that produce a wide range of curves and circles.

Q: When are relief cuts necessary? Answer/Feedback: Relief cuts are necessary when a curve to be cut is so tight that the blade may bind while cutting the radius. The general rule is one relief cut per width of the blade.

Q: Put the procedure for cutting out an interior piece of wood using a scroll saw in the correct order. (a) Re-attach the blade to the blade tension arm. (b) Make the radius cut in the design. (c) Adjust the hold down foot to the top of the wood. (d) a hole so that the blade of the scroll saw can pass through. (e) Hand turn the saw one full stroke to ensure that proper clearance has been set on the tension arm. (f) Make necessary relief cuts. A: (d) Drill a hole so that the blade of the scroll saw can pass through. (a) Re-attach the blade to the blade tension arm. (e) Hand turn the saw one full stroke to ensure that proper clearance has been set on the tension arm. (c) Adjust the hold down foot to the top of the wood. (f) Make necessary relief cuts. (b) Make the radius cut in the design. Feedback: A scroll saw can cut out a design in the interior wood of a project using the procedure described in the video.

Q: Fill in the missing step for making an identical cut on several pieces of wood. (1) Stack the pieces of wood together. (2) Wrap them together with masking tape. (3) ______. (4) Saw through the stack. (5) Stop occasionally to re-tape the stack as you cut through the originally applied tape. A: (3) Fasten the template to the top piece. Feedback: You need to use a template as your guide for cutting the design.

Q: If the blade breaks when making radius cuts, the first thing to do is: (a) Open the cover with caution. (b) Remove the broken blade and install a new blade. (c) Shut off the power. (d) Remove the template. A: (c) Shut off the power. Feedback: Safety first! Don’t open the cover until you have turned off and unplugged the saw. When the saw has come to a complete stop, you can open the cover. 6 Q: When must safety glasses be worn? (a) At all times when near power equipment. (b) When power equipment is running. (c) When others are using power equipment. (d) None of the above. (e) All of the above. A: (e) All of the above. Feedback: All these times are times of danger for your eyes. Even when equipment is not running or in use. You never know when something may fly through the air and possibly blind you.

Q: What is the primary reason that loose clothing should NOT be worn near power equip- ment? (a) It could get caught in the equipment’s moving parts. (b) It doesn’t look professional. (c) It makes it difficult to see what you are doing. (d) It causes too much dust to get under the clothing. (e) It wears out more quickly than tight clothing. A: (a) It could get caught in the equipment’s moving parts. Feedback: (b), (c), and (d) are also true. But the main reason is to prevent the clothing getting caught in the equipment and yanking your arm or entire body into the moving parts. Such accidents happen too quickly for you to react and prevent injuries to a limb, your face, or other body part.

Q: Why should a loose power cord or extension cord NOT be left where people walk? A: Someone could trip on it and fall. Feedback: Even a simple fall can cause serious injury. A person could even fall into a piece of running equipment.

Q: Running is allowed in shop areas when you are in a legitimate hurry. (True or False) A: False. Feedback: Running is never allowed in shop areas, even during emergencies. This is because running could cause an accident.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES WEBSITES

Woodworking.com www.woodworking.com

New Woodworker.com www.newwoodworker.com

Fine Woodworking www.taunton.com/finewoodworking/index.asp 7 Women in Woodworking www.womeninwoodworking.com National Center for Construction Education and Research www.nccer.org

BOOKS

The Basics of Craftsmanship: Key Advice on Every Aspect of Woodworking (Essentials of Woodworking), by Purdy Strother. Rodney Crosby Publishers’ Group West, 1999. ISBN: 1561582972

Tage Frid Teaches Woodworking 1&2: A Step-By-Step Guidebook to Essential Woodworking Technique, by Tage Frid, Peter Chapman (Editor). Taunton Press, 1994. ISBN: 1561580686

Setting Up Shop: The Practical Guide to Designing and Building Your Dream Shop, by Sandor Nagyszalanczy. Taunton Press, 2001. ISBN: 1561585556

Wood: Technology and Processes, by John L. Feirer and Mark D. Feirer. McGraw Hill, 2002. ISBN: 007822411X

MAGAZINES

American Woodworker, F&W Publications Inc., ASIN: B00005NION

Fine Woodworking, Taunton Direct, Inc., ASIN: B000063XJH

Popular Woodworking, F&W Publications Inc., ASIN: B00005NION

Woodworkers Journal, Rockler Press, ASIN: B00005N7TN

OTHER PRODUCTS Woodworking: The Art and the Craft, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education Woodworking: The Art and the Craft is a 15-part video series that explains and illustrates a variety of common techniques and cuts used in woodworking. While each program includes information on the tools and safety requirements of each task, the focus of the program is to provide specific information on “how to” accomplish each task. The series includes the following titles: Ripping and Crosscutting; Finishing Techniques; Basic Methods of Measuring and Cutting; Working with Nails and Screws; Planning; Sanding; Methods of Cutting Circles and Curves; Sawing & Shaping; Gluing & Clamping; Creating Biscuit and Joints; Creating Joints; Creating Joints; Creating Miter Joints; Creating Mortise-and-Tenon Joints; Creating Dovetail Joints and Casework. Item no: 31970, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507

8 Careers in Construction Trades, CD-ROM, Shopware The need for qualified construction workers continues to grow. This interactive CD-ROM guides users through several occupations in the construction industry, including cement masons, bricklayers, plumbers, pipe fitters, carpenters, and electricians. Video interview segments include information on the background of each job, what is expected of the employee, qualifications, subjects in which to enroll, what the job is like, expected wages, and outlook for each job. Interactions and quiz segments appear throughout the program to help reinforce concepts and information. This is the perfect program for those interest- ed in a construction career! Windows only. Item no: 20434, www.shopware-usa.com, 1-800-257-5126

Carpenters, VHS/DVD, Cambridge Educational This fast-paced program provides a concise profile of carpenters, looking at educational background, apprenticeships, salary, and the work itself. Item no: 32261, www.cambridgeeducational.com, 1-800-468-4227

Building Basics: An Interactive Guide to the Fundamentals of Construction, CD-ROM, Shopware Learn the basics of construction in this exciting and informative CD-ROM. The program covers all aspects of construction, from the initial planning to the steps involved in build- ing both light and heavy constructions. All construction should begin with a good plan— Section One outlines factors to consider during the planning phase, including identifying the purpose of the structure, its form, cost, and types of materials to use. It also intro- duces various tools used in the construction process and discusses the functions of each. Light construction methods are discussed in Section Two, using homes, small apartment buildings, and offices as examples. Windows only. Item no: 24232, www.shopware-usa.com, 1-800-257-5126

Building Trades Series, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education A very comprehensive overview of the many elements needed to build a structure. Each of the ten videos provides a look at a specific construction area and shows the work being performed, while explaining what’s involved in the job. Individual titles offer flexibili- ty to cover topics as needed...fits any curriculum requiring general information. The series includes Blueprints: Planning a Building; Climate Control; Drywalling and Interior Trimming; Electricity; Exterior Walls and Roof Construction; Floor and Wall Construction; Interior Finish Work; Plumbing; Site Preparation; and The Foundation. Item no: 24841, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507

Construction Technology, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education This five-part video series explores the world of construction technology. It provides an overview for elements of project design, site preparation, erecting sub- and superstruc- tures, installing utilities, and enclosing, finishing, and landscaping. Using an entertaining format, the series follows a student in the future who uses his home computer to answer questions on a school project. The series includes Enclosing, Finishing, and Landscaping Structures; Erecting Substructures and Superstructures; Installing Utilities; Introduction to Construction Technology; and Project Design and Site Preparation. Item no: 17674, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507 9 Introduction to Construction Technology, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education Covers basic information on construction technology, including a definition of construction, the project design, types of construction, the involvement of architects in the construction process, zoning laws, building codes, local covenants, site preparation, substructure and superstructure, building materials, installation of utilities, enclosing, and finishing. Item no: 25678, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507

Millwrights, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education This fast-paced program provides a concise profile of millwrights, looking at educational background, apprenticeships, salary, and the work itself. Item no: 32270, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507

Residential Carpentry Series, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education A step-by-step “how-to” series of videos that will show your students how to build. Whether working with floor, wall, ceiling, or roof framing, viewers get a first-hand look at construction procedures, safety issues, and proper tools. A clear explanation of each step provides in-depth information, while viewers watch actual carpenters do the work. “Notes” are given throughout, offering tips and safety warnings. The series includes Residential Ceiling Framing; Residential Floor Framing; Residential Roof Framing; and Residential Wall Framing. Item no: 26204, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507

Tour of the Trades, VHS/DVD, Meridian Education The construction industry is big business, involving hundreds of professions and specialty areas. This program offers a fast-paced survey of the skilled construction trades, providing a sense of the diversity of jobs available, as well as comparing the wages of construction trades to other industries. Along with dozens of scenes from construction projects on a variety of scales, apprentices and journeyman workers discuss what they enjoy about their trade and how they got started. Item no: 32258, www.meridianeducation.com, 1-800-727-5507

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