31974 WW Cutting Circles TG
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Woodworking: The Art and the Craft METHODSMETHODS OFOF CUTTINGCUTTING CIRCLESCIRCLES ANDAND CURVESCURVES TEACHER’S GUIDE INTRODUCTION This Teacher’s Guide provides information to help you get the most out of Methods of Cutting Circles and Curves. The contents of this guide will allow you to prepare your stu- dents before using the program and present follow-up activities to reinforce the program’s key learning points. Part of Woodworking: The Art and the Craft video series, Methods of Cutting Circles and Curves explains and illustrates how to properly make accurate drawings to use as a guide and how to use several types of saws when cutting circles and curves. While the program includes information about the tools and safety requirements of the task, the focus of the program is to provide specific information centered on how to cut curves and circles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After viewing the program, students will be able to: ■ Demonstrate making an accurate drawing using a compass, circle template, or French curve. ■ Demonstrate transferring a design onto wood. ■ Describe the uses of a band saw, a scroll saw, a saber saw, a router, and a coping saw. ■ Describe how to make different cuts using a saw. ■ Describe how to making a coped joint. ■ Demonstrate using a coping saw to make an interior cut. ■ Demonstrate the safety rules for using power equipment. EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS National Standards This program correlates with the following competency standards from the National Center for Construction Education & Research. The content has been aligned with the fol- lowing educational standards and benchmarks from this organization. ■ Explain the role that safety plays in the construction crafts. ■ Demonstrate the use and care of appropriate personal protective equipment. ■ Recognize some of the basic shapes used in the construction industry and apply basic geometry to measure them. ■ Use power tools safely. ■ Explain how to maintain power tools properly. The competencies and objectives from the National Center for Construction Education & Research have been reprinted with permission. English Language Arts Standards The activities in this Teacher’s Guide were created in compliance with the following National Standards for the English Language Arts from the National Council of Teachers of English. ■ Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process. ■ Gathers and uses information for research purposes. ■ Uses strategies to adapt writing for different purposes (e.g., to explain, inform, analyze, 2 entertain, reflect, persuade). Copyright © 2004 Meridian Education Corporation® ■ Uses reading skills and strategies to understand and interpret a variety of informational texts. ■ Uses discussions with peers as a way of understanding information. ■ Uses listening and speaking strategies for different purposes. ■ Makes formal presentations to the class (e.g., includes definitions for clarity; supports main ideas using anecdotes, examples, statistics, analogies, and other evidence; uses visual aids or technology, such as transparencies, slides, electronic media; cites informa- tion sources). ■ Uses viewing skills and strategies to understand and interpret visual media. ■ Uses a variety of criteria (e.g., clarity, accuracy, effectiveness, bias, relevance of facts) to evaluate informational media (e.g., web sites, documentaries, news programs). Standards for the English Language Arts, by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English, Copyright 1996 by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English. Reprinted with permission. Technology Standards The activities in this Teacher’s Guide were created in compliance with the following National Education Technology Standards from the National Education Technology Standards Project. ■ Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technolo- gy systems. ■ Students are proficient in the use of technology. ■ Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences. ■ Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. ■ Students use technology tools to process data and report results. ■ Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness for specific tasks. The National Education Technology Standards reprinted with permission from the International Society for Technology Education. PROGRAM OVERVIEW This video shows the steps involved in cutting circles and curves in wood lying flat on the saw table, as well as cutting three-dimensional curves such as those on a chair leg. It dis- cusses the need for a template, the different uses of various saws, such as band, scroll, saber and coping, and the use of routers. Safety concerns are also addressed throughout the video. MAIN TOPICS Topic 1: Making and Transferring Accurate Drawings Shows how to use a compass, circle template, or French curve to make a drawing guide when laying out curves and circles. 3 Topic 2: Using a Band Saw to Make Flat Curve Cuts Shows how to use a band saw when making curved cuts with the stock flat on the saw table. Shows how to make relief and radius cuts and cut several pieces that are exactly the same. Topic 3: Using a Band Saw to Make Three-Dimensional Curve Cuts Shows how to make a three-dimensional curve cut like a cabriole leg of a chair or table. Also shows smoothing the curves with a spindle sander. Topic 4: Using a Scroll Saw Shows how to use a scroll saw to cut out a design in the interior of the wood. Topic 5: Using a Saber Saw Shows how to use a saber saw to cut out a design in the interior of the wood. Topic 6: Using a Router Shows how to cut a curve with a router. Topic 7: Using a Coping Saw Shows how to use a hand coping saw to create a coped joint and an interior cut. FAST FACTS ■ If a drawing is poorly done, your final product will be adversely affected. ■ To determine the number of relief cuts needed, the general rule is one relief cut per width of the blade. ■ Two rules of thumb: the tighter the radius cut, the smaller the blade; but, the wider the blade, the easier it is to control the saw while cutting. ■ It is strongly suggested that all curved cuts be completed in one continuous pass. Do not stop the band saw in the middle of a curved cut and attempt to back the blade out while the machine is running. It may pull the blade off the wheels. ■ If you have several pieces to make that are exactly the same, you can save time by stacking them and cutting them together. ■ When debris accumulates around the blade or clogs the machine’s throat, turn the machine off and wait for it to come to a complete stop before removing the debris. ■ A coped joint will have a better appearance than a miter joint. VOCABULARY TERMS band saw: Saw that uses variable blade sizes which can cut long sweeping curves and tight circles. circle template: A tool used to make accurate cutting guides for a circle or curve. compass: A tool used to make accurate cutting guides for a circle or curve. coped joints: Joints of two pieces of trim that intersect at an inside corner. coping saw: A hand saw used to make coped joints. French curve: A tool used to make accurate cutting guides for a circle or curve. radius cuts: Cuts made on the radius of a circle. relief cuts: Additional cuts made so that a band saw blade will not bind when cutting 4 the radius of a circle. router: A power tool used to cut circles and curves resulting in smooth edges. saber saw: A rough carpentry tool with limited accuracy that is able to make a plunge cut. scroll saw: A saw that can cut a much tighter radius than a band saw as well as cut out a design in the interior wood of a project. PRE-PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What is the first step in cutting curves and circles? 2. How do you transfer a pattern to wood? 3. Why is the band saw one of the most versatile tools found in the shop? POST-PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What safety rules must be followed when cutting circles and curves? 2. Why are relief cuts sometimes necessary? 3. What is an easy way to cut several pieces of wood at the same time? 4. In what careers might the techniques demonstrated in this video be useful? GROUP ACTIVITIES Using a Band Saw Have the class prepare a display of the blades used in band saws. Next to each blade, show the type of cut that is possible to make with each. This will provide practice using the band saw and provide a reference to use when determining which blade to use in future projects. INDIVIDUAL STUDENT PROJECTS Using a Scroll Saw Have individuals prepare a template of a design that includes a circle. Transfer this tem- plate to the wood and use a scroll saw to cut out the design following the procedure shown in the video. INTERNET ACTIVITIES Decorative Circles and Curves Have individuals or groups research woodworking sites to find decorative projects that require the use of band, saber, or scroll saws. This will provide practical applications for the techniques shown in the video. ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Q: What are two ways to transfer a design drawn on paper onto a piece of wood? Answer/Feedback: 1. Trace the template onto the wood with a pencil. 2. Temporarily glue the paper onto the wood. Q: The coping saw is one of the most versatile tools found in the woodworking shop. (True or False) A: False 5 Feedback: The band saw has replaced the coping saw because it can use many sizes of blades that produce a wide range of curves and circles.