ASHWAS A Survey of Household Water And Sanitation Karnataka — 2008-09 #599, 12th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Indiranagar, Bangalore-560008, Karnataka Phone: +91 80 41698941, Email: [email protected] Web: www.ashwas.indiawaterportal.org About ASHWAS . 09 S T Executive summary . 11 N E Methodology . 17 T N Introduction to Karnataka . 25 O ASHWAS Findings . 29 C State Findings Regional Findings District Findings . 51 District Reports District Comparison Spotlight . 143 Equity & Gender Conclusion . 149 Annexure . 151 About ASHWAS . 09 S T Executive summary . 11 N E Methodology . 17 T N Introduction to Karnataka . 25 O ASHWAS Findings . 29 C State Findings Regional Findings District Findings . 51 District Reports District Comparison Spotlight . 143 Equity & Gender Conclusion . 149 Annexure . 151 ASHWAS is an Arghyam initiative. ASHWAS was a truly participatory effort involving dozens of organizations and S S hundreds of people. We are grateful to everyone who took part in this first-of- its-kind exercise. We especially thank all the respondents who generously T T Arghyam is a public charitable trust setup with an endowment from Rohini I Nilekani. Since 2005, Arghyam has been supporting efforts to address equity gave their time for the survey. and sustainability in access to water and sanitation for all citizens. N D The Public Affairs Centre (PAC) designed the sampling methodology and E arrived at the final sample down to the household level. The ASHWAS team E Survey technical partner: PAC, Bangalore gives its thanks to PAC’s Dr Gopakumar Thampi, Dr Sita Sekhar, Dr Meena Nair, Text Editing: Anindita Sengupta M R Photographs: ASHWAS field surveyors Prarthana Rao and Dr Prabhakar Kollapudi. Translation: Ravi Kumar, Adith Multilinguals Pvt Ltd, and Prajavani E C We thank Shantanu Consul (IAS), Department of Drinking Water Supply (GoI); Design: Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology, Bangalore G Data entry: Global Marketing Data Solutions, Bangalore TM Vijay Bhaskar (IAS), Total Sanitation Campaign; Bharat Lal, Rajiv Gandhi DTP: Jyothi Bhat, C Ranjan and Anand Kumar Drinking Water Mission; Ravi Kumar (IAS), Rural Development and Panchayat D Printers: Images Print Services, Bangalore Raj, Karnataka; Dr Manjula Naik (IAS), CEO, Bangalore Rural; Dr GNS Reddy, E Water quality kits: Orbit Technologies, Hyderabad; and LTEK, Nagpur Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation; Dr Sudarshan, Karuna Trust; and Dr Rukmini Banerji, Pratham, for their inputs. ASHWAS was inspired by efforts L like Pratham’s ASER and PAC’s citizen report cards. First published in 2009 by W Thanks go to local partners of ASHWAS without whose participation, this Arghyam survey would not have been possible — BAIF Institute for Rural Development- O # 599, 12th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Karnataka, Tiptur; Bhageerath, Dharwad; Centre for Rural Studies, Manipal Indiranagar, Bangalore 560-008 University; Citizens Forum for Mangalore Development, Mangalore; N Phone: +91 80 41698941 Website: www.arghyam.org Development Alternatives, Gulbarga/New Delhi; Geo Rain Water Board, K ASHWAS: www.ashwas.indiawaterportal.org Email: [email protected] Chitradurga; Initiatives for Development Foundation, Bangalore; Janahitha, Raichur; Karuna Trust, Mysore; People's Organisation for Wasteland and C Copyright© 2009 Environment Regeneration, Bijapur; Shri Linga Basaveshwar Gramodyoga A Arghyam, Bangalore Seva Sangh, Dharwad; SNEHAKUNJA Trust, Honavar; Vanasiri Rural Development Society, Haveri; VIKASANA Institute for Rural and Urban All rights reserved. Development, Mandya; VIKASANA Organisation for Education and Social Part or whole of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or Development, Chikmagalore. transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or ASHWAS is grateful to A Mahadevan, Rajendra Prasad and others from otherwise, with the acknowledgment of the copyright holder. Any commercial use of the material requires express written consent from the copyright owners of the original OUTREACH, Bangalore; Dr Wilima Wadhwa, Satish Chandra and others from materials. the ASER team; Chandramouli Srinivasan of Feedback Consultants; Vijay Kulkarni from Akshara Foundation; and Prof Leela Iyenger for their support. "... Arghyam has provided this information in good faith and in the belief of the Thanks to Jyothi Pala, Geetha Rajagopal, B Bhavya Dinesh, Jackson D'Souza, correctness and usefulness of the materials. However Arghyam cannot be held Sunita Sudish and Subhashini Satish for their support during the GP Report responsible for any harm that may result in the usage of these materials and Arghyam expressly disclaims all liability resulting out of the use of this material....." analysis. We extend our thanks to Sailendra Mishra and Samuel Rajkumar for The ASHWAS project was managed by Binayak Das. Team members the data output and web design. Thanks goes to Rustam Vania and Aniruddha included Niteen Shastri, Dr K J Parmeswarappa, Reena Pinto, Radhica Abhyankar for the report design. We thank Priya Patel and Sowmya Bharadwaj Kanniganti, Arun Patre, Sonali Srivastava and Gopal Kulkarni. who were part of the initial survey team. We also thank Centre for Environment Education for posters and ISEC for use of their library. We appreciate the support extended to this project by the entire Arghyam Inspiration and overall guidance for ASHWAS was provided by Rohini Nilekani, team. Finally, we thank Arghyam Advisors Ravi Narayanan (CBE) and Chairperson and Sunita Nadhamuni, CEO, Arghyam. S Vishwanath for their valuable inputs and continuous support. ASHWAS is an Arghyam initiative. ASHWAS was a truly participatory effort involving dozens of organizations and S S hundreds of people. We are grateful to everyone who took part in this first-of- its-kind exercise. We especially thank all the respondents who generously T T Arghyam is a public charitable trust setup with an endowment from Rohini I Nilekani. Since 2005, Arghyam has been supporting efforts to address equity gave their time for the survey. and sustainability in access to water and sanitation for all citizens. N D The Public Affairs Centre (PAC) designed the sampling methodology and E arrived at the final sample down to the household level. The ASHWAS team E Survey technical partner: PAC, Bangalore gives its thanks to PAC’s Dr Gopakumar Thampi, Dr Sita Sekhar, Dr Meena Nair, Text Editing: Anindita Sengupta M R Photographs: ASHWAS field surveyors Prarthana Rao and Dr Prabhakar Kollapudi. Translation: Ravi Kumar, Adith Multilinguals Pvt Ltd, and Prajavani E C We thank Shantanu Consul (IAS), Department of Drinking Water Supply (GoI); Design: Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology, Bangalore G Data entry: Global Marketing Data Solutions, Bangalore TM Vijay Bhaskar (IAS), Total Sanitation Campaign; Bharat Lal, Rajiv Gandhi DTP: Jyothi Bhat, C Ranjan and Anand Kumar Drinking Water Mission; Ravi Kumar (IAS), Rural Development and Panchayat D Printers: Images Print Services, Bangalore Raj, Karnataka; Dr Manjula Naik (IAS), CEO, Bangalore Rural; Dr GNS Reddy, E Water quality kits: Orbit Technologies, Hyderabad; and LTEK, Nagpur Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation; Dr Sudarshan, Karuna Trust; and Dr Rukmini Banerji, Pratham, for their inputs. ASHWAS was inspired by efforts L like Pratham’s ASER and PAC’s citizen report cards. First published in 2009 by W Thanks go to local partners of ASHWAS without whose participation, this Arghyam survey would not have been possible — BAIF Institute for Rural Development- O # 599, 12th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Karnataka, Tiptur; Bhageerath, Dharwad; Centre for Rural Studies, Manipal Indiranagar, Bangalore 560-008 University; Citizens Forum for Mangalore Development, Mangalore; N Phone: +91 80 41698941 Website: www.arghyam.org Development Alternatives, Gulbarga/New Delhi; Geo Rain Water Board, K ASHWAS: www.ashwas.indiawaterportal.org Email: [email protected] Chitradurga; Initiatives for Development Foundation, Bangalore; Janahitha, Raichur; Karuna Trust, Mysore; People's Organisation for Wasteland and C Copyright© 2009 Environment Regeneration, Bijapur; Shri Linga Basaveshwar Gramodyoga A Arghyam, Bangalore Seva Sangh, Dharwad; SNEHAKUNJA Trust, Honavar; Vanasiri Rural Development Society, Haveri; VIKASANA Institute for Rural and Urban All rights reserved. Development, Mandya; VIKASANA Organisation for Education and Social Part or whole of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or Development, Chikmagalore. transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or ASHWAS is grateful to A Mahadevan, Rajendra Prasad and others from otherwise, with the acknowledgment of the copyright holder. Any commercial use of the material requires express written consent from the copyright owners of the original OUTREACH, Bangalore; Dr Wilima Wadhwa, Satish Chandra and others from materials. the ASER team; Chandramouli Srinivasan of Feedback Consultants; Vijay Kulkarni from Akshara Foundation; and Prof Leela Iyenger for their support. "... Arghyam has provided this information in good faith and in the belief of the Thanks to Jyothi Pala, Geetha Rajagopal, B Bhavya Dinesh, Jackson D'Souza, correctness and usefulness of the materials. However Arghyam cannot be held Sunita Sudish and Subhashini Satish for their support during the GP Report responsible for any harm that may result in the usage of these materials and Arghyam expressly disclaims all liability resulting out of the use of this material....." analysis. We extend our thanks to Sailendra