ASHWAS A Survey of Household Water And Sanitation Karnataka — 2008-09 #599, 12th Main, HAL 2nd Stage, Indiranagar, Bangalore-560008, Karnataka Phone: +91 80 41698941, Email:
[email protected] Web: www.ashwas.indiawaterportal.org About ASHWAS . 09 S T Executive summary . 11 N E Methodology . 17 T N Introduction to Karnataka . 25 O ASHWAS Findings . 29 C State Findings Regional Findings District Findings . 51 District Reports District Comparison Spotlight . 143 Equity & Gender Conclusion . 149 Annexure . 151 About ASHWAS . 09 S T Executive summary . 11 N E Methodology . 17 T N Introduction to Karnataka . 25 O ASHWAS Findings . 29 C State Findings Regional Findings District Findings . 51 District Reports District Comparison Spotlight . 143 Equity & Gender Conclusion . 149 Annexure . 151 ASHWAS is an Arghyam initiative. ASHWAS was a truly participatory effort involving dozens of organizations and S S hundreds of people. We are grateful to everyone who took part in this first-of- its-kind exercise. We especially thank all the respondents who generously T T Arghyam is a public charitable trust setup with an endowment from Rohini I Nilekani. Since 2005, Arghyam has been supporting efforts to address equity gave their time for the survey. and sustainability in access to water and sanitation for all citizens. N D The Public Affairs Centre (PAC) designed the sampling methodology and E arrived at the final sample down to the household level. The ASHWAS team E Survey technical partner: PAC, Bangalore gives its thanks to PAC’s Dr Gopakumar Thampi, Dr Sita Sekhar, Dr Meena Nair, Text Editing: Anindita Sengupta M R Photographs: ASHWAS field surveyors Prarthana Rao and Dr Prabhakar Kollapudi.