DOCSLIB.ORG

Referential Aspects in the Vocal Repertoire of Bonobos (<I>Pan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Referential Aspects in the Vocal Repertoire of Bonobos (<I>Pan Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2009 Referential aspects in the vocal repertoire of bonobos (Pan paniscus) Kathleen Marie Klag Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Klag, Kathleen Marie, "Referential aspects in the vocal repertoire of bonobos (Pan paniscus)" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10549. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10549 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Referential aspects in the vocal repertoire of bonobos ( Pan paniscus ) by Kathleen Marie Klag A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: Anthropology Program of Study Committee: Jill Pruetz, Major Professor Sue Savage-Rumbaugh Mack Shelley Rob Shumaker Serge Wich Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2009 Copyright © Kathleen Marie Klag, 2009. All rights reserved. ii Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables....................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... viii Abstract ........................................................................................................................... x Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background & Significance...............................................................................1 1.2 Objectives & Hypotheses...................................................................................3 1.3 Human Language & Animal Vocal Communication Systems ..........................4 1.4 Evolutionary Process .......................................................................................10 1.4.1 Gestural Origin of Language............................................................................... 10 1.4.2 Speech Origin of Language................................................................................. 13 1.4.3 When Did Language Evolve? ............................................................................. 15 References..............................................................................................................17 Chapter Two: Functional Referential & Referential Communication 2.1 Development of the Functional Referent Concept...........................................25 2.2 Functional Referents in Birds ..........................................................................27 2.3 Functional Referent in Non-Primate Mammals...............................................28 2.4 Functional Referents in Nonhuman Primates ..................................................30 2.4.1 Prosimians........................................................................................................... 30 2.4.2 New World Monkeys.......................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 Old World Monkeys ........................................................................................... 31 2.4.4 Great Apes .......................................................................................................... 34 2.5 Critiques of Functional Referents ....................................................................37 2.6 Development of Referential Communication Studies with Great Apes ..........39 2.7 Referential Communication with Kanzi ..........................................................42 References..............................................................................................................45 Chapter Three: Methods 3.1 Hypotheses.......................................................................................................54 3.2 Study Site.........................................................................................................54 3.3 Study Subject and Materials ............................................................................55 3.4 Data Collection ................................................................................................56 3.5 Raven Program ................................................................................................56 3.6 Data Analysis...................................................................................................58 References..............................................................................................................62 Chapter Four: Results 4.1 Data Collected..................................................................................................64 iii 4.2 Full Data Set Models .......................................................................................68 4.2.1 Model 1............................................................................................................... 68 4.2.2 Model 2............................................................................................................... 72 4.2.3 Model 3............................................................................................................... 77 4.2.4 Model 4............................................................................................................... 79 4.2.5 Model 5............................................................................................................... 81 4.2.6 Model 6............................................................................................................... 85 4.3 Limited Data Set Models .................................................................................89 4.3.1 Model 1............................................................................................................... 89 4.3.2 Model 2............................................................................................................... 91 4.3.3 Model 3............................................................................................................... 93 4.3.4 Model 4............................................................................................................... 94 4.3.5 Model 5............................................................................................................... 97 4.3.6 Model 6............................................................................................................. 100 4.4 Model Summary.............................................................................................103 Chapter Five: Discussion 5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................106 5.2 Statistical Significance – When is it Referential?..........................................107 5.3 Initial Assumptions & Impact on Referential Studies ...................................111 5.4 Methodology of Referential Studies ..............................................................120 5.5 Terminology...................................................................................................130 5.6 Evolutionary Implications..............................................................................132 5.7 Conclusion .....................................................................................................134 5.7.1 Findings of this Study ....................................................................................... 134 5.7.2 Future Directions of Study................................................................................ 137 5.7.3 Theoretical Implications ................................................................................... 139 References............................................................................................................140 iv List of Figures Figure 3.1 Spectrogram of a recording session magnified to show the measurement used 58 for one particular vocalization Figure 4.1 Graph of factors based on eigenvalues for the various factors created for full 72 data Model 1 Figure 4.2 Plot of variable pattern for Factor 1 versus Factor 2 in full data Model 1 72 Figure 4.3 Graph of factors based on eigenvalues for full data Model 2 75 Figure 4.4 Plot of factor pattern for Factor 1 versus Factor with full data Model 2 76 Figure 4.5 Plot of factor pattern for Factor 2 versus Factor 3 with full data Model 2 76 Figure 4.6 Graph of factors based on eigenvalues for full data Model 5 84 Figure 4.7 Plot of factor pattern for Factor 1 versus Factor 2 with full data Model 5 85 Figure 4.8 Plot of factor pattern for Factor 2 versus Factor 3 with full data Model 5 85 Figure 4.9 Graph of factors based on eigenvalues created for full data Model 6 87 Figure 4.10 Plot of factor pattern for Factor 1 versus Factor 2 with full data Model 6 89 Figure 4.11 Graph of factors based on eigenvalues created for limited Model 4 96 Figure 4.12 Graph of factors based on eigenvalues created for limited data Model 5 99 Figure 4.13 Plot of factor pattern for Factor 1 versus Factor 2 for limited data Model 5 100 Figure 4.14 Graph of factors
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Circus Friends Association Collection Finding Aid
    Circus Friends Association Collection Finding Aid University of Sheffield - NFCA Contents Poster - 178R472 Business Records - 178H24 412 Maps, Plans and Charts - 178M16 413 Programmes - 178K43 414 Bibliographies and Catalogues - 178J9 564 Proclamations - 178S5 565 Handbills - 178T40 565 Obituaries, Births, Death and Marriage Certificates - 178Q6 585 Newspaper Cuttings and Scrapbooks - 178G21 585 Correspondence - 178F31 602 Photographs and Postcards - 178C108 604 Original Artwork - 178V11 608 Various - 178Z50 622 Monographs, Articles, Manuscripts and Research Material - 178B30633 Films - 178D13 640 Trade and Advertising Material - 178I22 649 Calendars and Almanacs - 178N5 655 1 Poster - 178R47 178R47.1 poster 30 November 1867 Birmingham, Saturday November 30th 1867, Monday 2 December and during the week Cattle and Dog Shows, Miss Adah Isaacs Menken, Paris & Back for £5, Mazeppa’s, equestrian act, Programme of Scenery and incidents, Sarah’s Young Man, Black type on off white background, Printed at the Theatre Royal Printing Office, Birmingham, 253mm x 753mm Circus Friends Association Collection 178R47.2 poster 1838 Madame Albertazzi, Mdlle. H. Elsler, Mr. Ducrow, Double stud of horses, Mr. Van Amburgh, animal trainer Grieve’s New Scenery, Charlemagne or the Fete of the Forest, Black type on off white backgound, W. Wright Printer, Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 205mm x 335mm Circus Friends Association Collection 178R47.3 poster 19 October 1885 Berlin, Eln Mexikanermanöver, Mr. Charles Ducos, Horaz und Merkur, Mr. A. Wells, equestrian act, C. Godiewsky, clown, Borax, Mlle. Aguimoff, Das 3 fache Reck, gymnastics, Mlle. Anna Ducos, Damen-Jokey-Rennen, Kohinor, Mme. Bradbury, Adgar, 2 Black type on off white background with decorative border, Druck von H. G.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Representations, Anthropomorphism, and Några Tillfällen – Kommer Frågan Om Subjektivi- Interspecies Relations in the Little Golden Books
    Samlaren Tidskrift för forskning om svensk och annan nordisk litteratur Årgång 139 2018 I distribution: Eddy.se Svenska Litteratursällskapet REDAKTIONSKOMMITTÉ: Berkeley: Linda Rugg Göteborg: Lisbeth Larsson Köpenhamn: Johnny Kondrup Lund: Erik Hedling, Eva Hættner Aurelius München: Annegret Heitmann Oslo: Elisabeth Oxfeldt Stockholm: Anders Cullhed, Anders Olsson, Boel Westin Tartu: Daniel Sävborg Uppsala: Torsten Pettersson, Johan Svedjedal Zürich: Klaus Müller-Wille Åbo: Claes Ahlund Redaktörer: Jon Viklund (uppsatser) och Sigrid Schottenius Cullhed (recensioner) Biträdande redaktör: Niclas Johansson och Camilla Wallin Bergström Inlagans typografi: Anders Svedin Utgiven med stöd av Vetenskapsrådet Bidrag till Samlaren insändes digitalt i ordbehandlingsprogrammet Word till [email protected]. Konsultera skribentinstruktionerna på sällskapets hemsida innan du skickar in. Sista inläm- ningsdatum för uppsatser till nästa årgång av Samlaren är 15 juni 2019 och för recensioner 1 sep- tember 2019. Samlaren publiceras även digitalt, varför den som sänder in material till Samlaren därmed anses medge digital publicering. Den digitala utgåvan nås på: http://www.svelitt.se/ samlaren/index.html. Sällskapet avser att kontinuerligt tillgängliggöra även äldre årgångar av tidskriften. Svenska Litteratursällskapet tackar de personer som under det senaste året ställt sig till för- fogande som bedömare av inkomna manuskript. Svenska Litteratursällskapet PG: 5367–8. Svenska Litteratursällskapets hemsida kan nås via adressen www.svelitt.se. isbn 978–91–87666–38–4 issn 0348–6133 Printed in Lithuania by Balto print, Vilnius 2019 Recensioner av doktorsavhandlingar · 241 vitet. Men om medier, med Marshall McLuhan, Kelly Hübben, A Genre of Animal Hanky-panky? är proteser – vilket Gardfors skriver under på vid Animal Representations, Anthropomorphism, and några tillfällen – kommer frågan om subjektivi- Interspecies Relations in The Little Golden Books.
    [Show full text]
  • Williams Dissertation
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Don't Show A Hyena How Well You Can Bite: Performance, Race and the Animal Subaltern in Eastern Africa Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0jf3488f Author Williams, Joshua Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Don’t Show A Hyena How Well You Can Bite: Performance, Race and the Animal Subaltern in Eastern Africa by Joshua Drew Montgomery Williams A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Performance Studies and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Catherine Cole, Chair Professor Donna Jones Professor Samera Esmeir Professor Brandi Wilkins Catanese Spring 2017 Abstract Don’t Show A Hyena How Well You Can Bite: Performance, Race and the Animal Subaltern in Eastern Africa by Joshua Drew Montgomery Williams Doctor of Philosophy in Performance Studies Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory University of California, Berkeley Professor Catherine Cole, Chair This dissertation explores the mutual imbrication of race and animality in Kenyan and Tanzanian politics and performance from the 1910s through to the 1990s. It is a cultural history of the non- human under conditions of colonial governmentality and its afterlives. I argue that animal bodies, both actual and figural, were central to the cultural and
    [Show full text]
  • Learned Vocal and Breathing Behavior in an Enculturated Gorilla
    Anim Cogn (2015) 18:1165–1179 DOI 10.1007/s10071-015-0889-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Learned vocal and breathing behavior in an enculturated gorilla 1 2 Marcus Perlman • Nathaniel Clark Received: 15 December 2014 / Revised: 5 June 2015 / Accepted: 16 June 2015 / Published online: 3 July 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract We describe the repertoire of learned vocal and relatively early into the evolution of language, with some breathing-related behaviors (VBBs) performed by the rudimentary capacity in place at the time of our last enculturated gorilla Koko. We examined a large video common ancestor with great apes. corpus of Koko and observed 439 VBBs spread across 161 bouts. Our analysis shows that Koko exercises voluntary Keywords Breath control Á Gorilla Á Koko Á Multimodal control over the performance of nine distinctive VBBs, communication Á Primate vocalization Á Vocal learning which involve variable coordination of her breathing, lar- ynx, and supralaryngeal articulators like the tongue and lips. Each of these behaviors is performed in the context of Introduction particular manual action routines and gestures. Based on these and other findings, we suggest that vocal learning and Examining the vocal abilities of great apes is crucial to the ability to exercise volitional control over vocalization, understanding the evolution of human language and speech particularly in a multimodal context, might have figured since we diverged from our last common ancestor. Many theories on the origins of language begin with two basic premises concerning the vocal behavior of nonhuman pri- mates, especially the great apes. They assume that (1) apes (and other primates) can exercise only negligible volitional control over the production of sound with their vocal tract, and (2) they are unable to learn novel vocal behaviors beyond their species-typical repertoire (e.g., Arbib et al.
    [Show full text]
  • LING 001 Introduction to Linguistics
    LING 001 Introduction to Linguistics Lecture #6 Animal Communication 2 02/05/2020 Katie Schuler Announcements • Exam 1 is next class (Monday)! • Remember there are no make-up exams (but your lowest exam score will be dropped) How to do well on the exam • Review the study guides • Make sure you can answer the practice problems • Come on time (exam is 50 minutes) • We MUST leave the room for the next class First two questions are easy Last time • Communication is everywhere in the animal kingdom! • Human language is • An unbounded discrete combinatorial system • Many animals have elements of this: • Honeybees, songbirds, primates • But none quite have language Case Study #4: Can Apes learn Language? Ape Projects • Viki (oral production) • Sign Language: • Washoe (Gardiner) (chimp) • Nim Chimpsky (Terrace) (chimp) • Koko (Patterson) (gorilla) • Kanzi (Savage-Rumbaugh) (bonobo) Viki’s `speech’ • Raised by psychologists • Tried to teach her oral language, but didn’t get far... Later Attempts • Later attempts used non-oral languages — • either symbols (Sarah, Kanzi) or • ASL (Washoe, Koko, Nim). • Extensive direct instruction by humans. • Many problems of interpretation and evaluation. Main one: is this a • miniature/incipient unbounded discrete combinatorial system, or • is it just rote learning+randomness? Washoe and Koko Video Washoe • A chimp who was extensively trained to use ASL by the Gardners • Knew 132 signs by age 5, and over 250 by the end of her life. • Showed some productive use (‘water bird’) • And even taught her adopted son Loulis some signs But the only deaf, native signer on the team • ‘Every time the chimp made a sign, we were supposed to write it down in the log… They were always complaining because my log didn’t show enough signs.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 5/Week 4 Title: Koko's Kitten Suggested Time
    McGraw-Hill Open Court - 2002 Grade 4 Unit 5/Week 4 Title: Koko’s Kitten Suggested Time: 5 days (45 minutes per day) Common Core ELA Standards: RI.4.1, RI.4.2, RI.4.3, RI.4.4; RF.4.4; W.4.2, W.4.4, W.4.7, W.4.9; SL.4.1; L.4.1, L.4.2, L.4.4 Teacher Instructions Refer to the Introduction for further details. Before Teaching 1. Read the Big Ideas and Key Understandings and the Synopsis. Please do not read this to the students. This is a description for teachers, about the big ideas and key understanding that students should take away after completing this task. Big Ideas and Key Understandings Animals are capable of experiencing the same feelings as human beings; desire, disappointment, love, nurturing, and sadness. They are also capable of making important connections with other living things. Synopsis Koko’s Kitten is the story of Koko, a gorilla, who longs to have a kitten as her “baby.” Koko is able to communicate her feelings to her trainer, Dr. Patterson and the assistants through sign language. After some time, she gets her kitten. Koko treats the kitten as her baby and loves and nurtures him. The kitten grows and one day gets hit by a car. This event upsets Koko but after some time, Koko gets another kitten to love and care for. 2. Read entire main selection text, keeping in mind the Big Ideas and Key Understandings. 3. Re-read the main selection text while noting the stopping points for the Text Dependent Questions and teaching Vocabulary.
    [Show full text]
  • HONOLULU.Rtcord
    AMA’S “LILY WHITE” CLAUSE IGNORED -OKA Of HAM • • Page Five ^The Newspaper Hawaii Needs HONOLULU.RtCORD. Vol. II, No. 5 SINGLE COPIES 10 CENTS Thursday, September 1, 1949 Kauai Pensioner Lives On $6.39 Court R uling Seen More Than Gossip: Local Girl Loses Plantation Luna As Contradictory UP AND DOWN ON MERCHANT STREET Job,Apt^Reason-- Deafened Retired “So ambiguous, contradictory, Is it true that 125,000 shares The talk on Merchant St. is Negro Boy Friend and uncertain is this ruling,” says of Matson Navigation Co. owned the reported $40,000,000 which a local lawyer, speaking of the' de­ the California and Hawaiian Re­ By STAFF WRITER Man With Blows cision of the U. S. District Court by C. Brewer & Co. were fining Corp, borrowed from the “dumped” on the Brewer plan­ Because her boy friend is a Ne­ By Special Correspondence in the case-of-the ILWU vs. the Prudential Life Insurance Co. gro—a soldier and a veteran of legislature, governor and others, tations? We hear there’s loud LIHUE, Kauai—An old Jap­ A reliable source says that this action in Germany in World War anese pensioner of the Koloa- “that it can be interpreted only grumbling and rumbling going money paid for two-thirds of II—Sharon Wiechel, 22, was fired by the judges who wrote it. Even on inside and outside the walled this year’s sugar crop now in Grove Farm was retired by the then, it is* open to a number of citadel on lower Fort St. from her job at American Legion company: at,$14.04 a month.
    [Show full text]
  • Koko Communicates
    LESSON 11 TEACHER’S GUIDE Koko Communicates by Justin Marciniak Fountas-Pinnell Level O Narrative Nonfiction Selection Summary Koko the gorilla was taught to “speak” an astonishing 1,000-plus words in sign language by Penny, her human caregiver. Koko signs her thoughts, feelings, and even made-up insults. She has two gorilla friends who also sign, and a kitten she named “Smoke.” Number of Words: 822 Characteristics of the Text Genre • Narrative nonfi ction Text Structure • Third-person narrative in fi ve chronological sections Content • Koko and gorilla behavior; teaching Koko sign language • American Sign Language • Koko’s life and her human and animal companions Themes and Ideas • Animals and people can learn from each other. • Animals can think, feel, communicate, invent, and learn. • Animals and their human caregivers develop close bonds. Language and • Informal narrative between gorillas Literary Features • Narrative presents most information in chronological fashion Sentence Complexity • Mix of complex sentences and simple sentences • Items in a series • Words in quotation marks, dashes, italics, parentheses Vocabulary • Words and phrases associated with zoos and biologists: western lowland gorilla, biological, assistants, researchers Words • Multisyllable words, such as communicates, university, disciplined, biological • Hyphenated words, such as one-year-old, three-year-old, hide-and-seek, reddish-orange Illustrations • Photographs with captions, charts, sidebars Book and Print Features • Twelve pages of text, most with illustrations
    [Show full text]
  • Orofacial-Motor and Breath Control in Chimpanzees and Bonobos Natalie Schwob
    Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses Biology Summer 7-28-2017 Evidence of Language Prerequisites in Pan: Orofacial-Motor and Breath Control in Chimpanzees and Bonobos Natalie Schwob Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/integrbiol_etd Part of the Integrative Biology Commons Recommended Citation Schwob, Natalie, "Evidence of Language Prerequisites in Pan: Orofacial-Motor and Breath Control in Chimpanzees and Bonobos" (2017). Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses. 25. http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/integrbiol_etd/25 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology at DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evidence of Language Prerequisites in Pan: Orofacial-Motor and Breath Control in Chimpanzees and Bonobos Natalie Schwob Kennesaw State University Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Master of Science in Integrative Biology Thesis Advisor: Jared P. Taglialatela, PhD Thesis Committee Members: Marcus Davis, PhD and Joel McNeal, PhD Kennesaw e1( JNIVERSJITY -ireete liege / i3e i:afiut Deffnsc outcome Neme L KSU ID Emit ee jy Phone Number Lte2. çL1 Program
    [Show full text]
  • When the Apes Speak, Linguists Listen. Part 1. the Ape Language Studies
    Current Comments” EUGENE GARFIELD INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION* 3501 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 When the Apes Speak, Linguists Lfsten. Part 1. The Ape Language Studies Number 31 August 5, 1985 “Come open, “ “Hurry drink milk,” Tokyo, noted that apes do not lack the “You chase me,” and “Please machine intelligence needed for language. Rath- give milk” are all parts of conversations er, the most significant difference is be- between humans and apes. Since the late tween the human and chimpanzee vocal 1960s psychologists and anthropologists tracts.z Philip Lieberman, Department have launched intensive projects to of Linguistics, Brown University, Provi- teach great apes—such as the chimpan- dence, Rhode Island, reported differ- zee, gorilla, and orangutan—a form of ences in the structure of the oral cavity communication that is comparable to and less tongue mobility in chimpanzees human language. The apes are large tail- compared to humans. s In the chimpan- less primates that are classified just be- zee, the tongue is longer and narrower low humans in the evolutionary tree. Re- than the human tongue. The placement search on “animal linguistics” and the of the chimpanzee’s tongue and its ma- different approaches to it have resulted neuverability within the oral cavity pre- in debate among the ape language re- vent the chimpanzee from producing the searchers and among linguists as to the full range of vowel sounds necessary for definition and uniqueness of human lan- human speech, guage. This first part of a twopart essay Of the early efforts to teach spoken focuses on the ape language projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Popular Culture
    BLACK POPULAR CULTURE THE POPULAR CULTURE STUDIES JOURNAL AFRICOLOGY: A:JPAS THE JOURNAL OF PAN AFRICAN STUDIES Volume 8 | Number 2 | September 2020 Special Issue Editor: Dr. Angela Spence Nelson Cover Art: “Wakanda Forever” Dr. Michelle Ferrier POPULAR CULTURE STUDIES JOURNAL VOLUME 8 NUMBER 2 2020 Editor Lead Copy Editor CARRIELYNN D. REINHARD AMY DREES Dominican University Northwest State Community College Managing Editor Associate Copy Editor JULIA LARGENT AMANDA KONKLE McPherson College Georgia Southern University Associate Editor Associate Copy Editor GARRET L. CASTLEBERRY PETER CULLEN BRYAN Mid-America Christian University The Pennsylvania State University Associate Editor Reviews Editor MALYNNDA JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER J. OLSON Indiana State University University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Associate Editor Assistant Reviews Editor KATHLEEN TURNER LEDGERWOOD SARAH PAWLAK STANLEY Lincoln University Marquette University Associate Editor Graphics Editor RUTH ANN JONES ETHAN CHITTY Michigan State University Purdue University Please visit the PCSJ at: mpcaaca.org/the-popular-culture-studies-journal. Popular Culture Studies Journal is the official journal of the Midwest Popular Culture Association and American Culture Association (MPCA/ACA), ISSN 2691-8617. Copyright © 2020 MPCA. All rights reserved. MPCA/ACA, 421 W. Huron St Unit 1304, Chicago, IL 60654 EDITORIAL BOARD CORTNEY BARKO KATIE WILSON PAUL BOOTH West Virginia University University of Louisville DePaul University AMANDA PICHE CARYN NEUMANN ALLISON R. LEVIN Ryerson University Miami University Webster University ZACHARY MATUSHESKI BRADY SIMENSON CARLOS MORRISON Ohio State University Northern Illinois University Alabama State University KATHLEEN KOLLMAN RAYMOND SCHUCK ROBIN HERSHKOWITZ Bowling Green State Bowling Green State Bowling Green State University University University JUDITH FATHALLAH KATIE FREDRICKS KIT MEDJESKY Solent University Rutgers University University of Findlay JESSE KAVADLO ANGELA M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Genre of Animal Hanky Panky?
    ! " " # $%! " &'() (''' &(* + !, !- &. ! ! ! " " " / ! " / " (0.& / /" " " " ! " " ! ! ! 1 2 ! / / " " " ! " " / / + 3+4 5 6 ! + 2 " ! 1 " " ! / 7 / "8 / " ! "! " / / / " 8 ! 2 5 9 2 6 / / 34 / 6 " " 5 / " " 2 " " 5 2 " " 2 # 2 " / / : # 9# / / ! ! ! " " " 5 " "! ! / " ! / ! 2 2 " / ! ! " " / " 6 ! // ! " 9 / " ! " " &'() ;<< " < ! = > ;"; ; ;!(.)*'? 9%0)$0()@.00@&) 9%0)$0()@.00@?. ! ('@0( A GENRE OF ANIMAL HANKY-PANKY? Kelly Hübben A Genre of Animal Hanky-Panky? Animal representations, anthropomorphism and interspecies relations in The Little Golden Books. Kelly Hübben ©Kelly Hübben, Stockholm University 2017 ISBN print 978-91-7649-962-7 ISBN PDF 978-91-7649-963-4 Printed in Sweden by Universitetsservice US-AB, Stockholm 2017 Distributor: Department of Culture and Aesthetics, Stockholm University To Viktor
    [Show full text]