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Mad Love? Populärkulturella Uttryck Och Verklighetens Våld I Det Populärkulturella Paradigmet Batman

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Mad Love? Populärkulturella Uttryck Och Verklighetens Våld I Det Populärkulturella Paradigmet Batman Örebro universitet Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap Genusvetenskap, kandidatkurs Självständigt arbete, 15hp Vårterminen 2016 Mad Love? Populärkulturella uttryck och verklighetens våld i det populärkulturella paradigmet Batman Emma Rydahl Handledare: Sofia Strid Abstract The purpose of this essay is to study the discourses of violence and constructions of the violent man and how he is made visible as well as possible through the fiction Batman, understood as a popular cultural paradigm, and how this violence can be understood in rela- tion to "real violence" as it is visible/enabled through two perspectives: gender studies and psychology. The two most important characters of the essay are the Joker (the perpetrator) and Harley Quinn (the abused). The material consists of fifteen comics and comic books written with different writers though all comics and comic books are published by DC Comics as a part of Batman. The key theoretical perspectives of this paper is the psycholog- ical or individual perspective and the gender studies or structural perspective. The material was analyzed in two phases. First from a psychological approach and then through a gender studies perspective. A total of six themes emerged from the analysis. Three psychological themes and three gender studies themes. These themes was then analyzed through a dis- course perspective to see which themes that got most space in the material and how these relate to "real violence". The results of the study are that the psychological and gender stud- ies approach constructs two different images of the Joker as a perpetrator. The psychologi- cal perspective is given most space in the material. There is also a connection between "real violence" and the comics as both tend to focus on psychological explanations to violence. Keywords: Comic, Batman, Discourse analysis, Popular culture, Violence in close rela- tionships, Gender studies, Psychology Sammanfattning Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera vilka våldsdiskurser och konstruktioner av den våldsamme mannen som synliggörs och möjliggörs genom fiktionen Batman, förstått som ett populärkulturellt paradigm, och hur våldet inom detta kan förstås i förhållande till kon- struktioner av "verklighetens våld” såsom det synliggörs/möjliggörs med hjälp av genusve- tenskapliga och psykologivetenskapliga perspektiv. De för studien mest centrala karaktä- rerna för uppsatsen är Jokern (våldsutövaren) och Harley Quinn (den våldsutsatta). Materi- alet består av femton serietidningar och böcker publicerade av serieförlaget DC Comics men med varierande författare. De två centrala teoretiska perspektiven för denna uppsats är det psykologiska eller individuella perspektivet och det genusvetenskapliga eller struktu- rella perspektivet. I uppsatsen analyseras materialet i två omgångar, först utifrån ett psyko- logiskt sedan utifrån ett genusvetenskapligt också nämnt som könsmaktsteoretiskt perspek- tiv. Tre psykologiska och tre könsmaktsteoretiska teman framkom i analysen som avslut- ningsvis analyserades utifrån ett diskursivt perspektiv för att se hur förklaringsmodellerna förhöll sig till varandra i kampen om meningsskapandet. Detta också för att se hur bilden av Jokern som den våldsamme mannen kunde ses i förhållande till "verklighetens våld". Re- sultatet av uppsatsen blev att de psykologiska och könsmaktsteoretiska förklaringsmo- dellerna formar två olika bilder av Jokern som våldsutövare. Den psykologiska förkla- ringsmodellen tar störst utrymme i materialet. Det fanns dessutom en koppling till före- ställningar om verklighetens våld då tidningarna liksom samhällsbilden tenderar att foku- sera på psykologiska förklaringar till våldet. Nyckelord: Serie, Batman, Diskursanalys, populärvetenskapligt uttryck, Våld i nära relat- ioner, Genusvetenskapliga förklaringsmodeller, psykologiska förklaringsmodeller Tack Jag vill tacka lärarna vid den genusvetenskapliga institutionen på Örebro universitet. Tack till mina fantastiska kurskamrater som funnits tillgängliga för ventilering och ett stort tack till min handledare Sofia Strid för all den hjälp jag fått i mitt arbete! Innehållsförteckning 1. Inledning ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Syfte och frågeställningar ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 Disposition................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Material och avgränsningar ......................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Karaktärerna ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 Texten....................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Avgränsningar .......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Materialinsamling och analys ...................................................................................... 7 1.5 Tillförlitlighet och etik ................................................................................................. 9 2. Tidigare forskning: våld och kön i populärkulturella uttryck ....................................... 10 3. Teori: våldsformer och förklaringsmodeller ................................................................ 13 3.1 Våld i nära relationer ................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Våldsmannen ur ett psykologiskt perspektiv ............................................................ 14 3.3 Våldsmannen utifrån ett könsmaktsteoretiskt perspektiv ........................................ 15 4. Analys och resultat ...................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Det psykologiska perspektivet................................................................................... 17 4.1.1 Barndom och trauman ........................................................................................... 20 4.1.2 Psykopaten ............................................................................................................. 22 4.1.3 Sammanfattning av psykologiska analysen ............................................................ 23 4.2 Det könsmaktsteoretiska perspektivet ..................................................................... 24 4.2.1 Att vara 'rätt' partner ............................................................................................. 24 4.2.2 De andra ................................................................................................................. 28 4.2.3 Makten och patriarkatet ........................................................................................ 32 4.2.4 Sammanfattning av könsmaktsteoretiska analysen ............................................... 33 5. Diskussion och slutsatser ............................................................................................ 34 5.1 Förklaringsmodellernas likheter ................................................................................ 34 5.2 Förklaringsmodellernas skillnader............................................................................. 34 5.3 Konstruktionen av våldsmannen ............................................................................... 35 5.4 Kampen om meningsskapandet ................................................................................ 36 5.5 Verklighetsförankringen ............................................................................................ 37 5.6 Slutsatser ................................................................................................................... 37 Referenser ....................................................................................................................... 39 Figurer .............................................................................................................................. 40 Källmaterial...................................................................................................................... 40 Figurförteckning Figur 1: Harley jagar Jokern ............................................................................................. 17 Figur 2: Jokern i kemikalierna .......................................................................................... 20 Figur 3: Jokern .................................................................................................................. 22 Figur 4: Tvskärm i raketen................................................................................................ 24 Figur 5: Måndag, onsdag och fredag ................................................................................ 26 Figur 6: Et tu Cartoon boy ................................................................................................ 28 Figur 7: Jokern och Harley i gräset ................................................................................... 30 Figur 8: Harleens första samtal med Jokern ..................................................................... 32 1. Inledning Inom flertalet serietidningar är hjältens kamp mot diverse ondskefulla fiender ständigt åter- kommande. Batman har sedan sin introduktion 1939 varit symbolen för rättvisa och ord- ning medan hans
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