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PDF Van Tekst Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres Carel Vosmaer bron Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1868 Zie voor verantwoording: https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/vosm001remb03_01/colofon.php Let op: werken die korter dan 140 jaar geleden verschenen zijn, kunnen auteursrechtelijk beschermd zijn. t.o. III LA MAISON DE REMBRANDT 1640 À 1656. Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres V Avant-propos. Il y a cinq années je publiai un travail sur REMBRANDT HARMENS VAN RIJN, contenant ses précurseurs, sa naissance, son apprentissage. Le présent volume embrasse sa vie et ses oeuvres. Si le précepte d'Horace - nonum prematur in annum - offre une garantie suffisante pour qu'un livre soit complet et parachevé, je pourrais amplement compter sur l'approbation de ce fin connaisseur. Cependant je ne sais que trop combien mon ouvrage est incomplet. Des collections d'art en Angleterre et en Russie, par exemple, je ne connais les peintures de Rembrandt qu'en tant qu'elles sont reproduites par les estampes. Mais je me suis dit, qu'il arrive un moment où il convient de faire une fin. J'ai pensé qu'il s'agissait bien plus de voir juste que de tout voir, ce qui du reste n'est pas possible; que l'étude de plusieurs centaines de tableaux et de dessins, des 360 eaux-fortes du Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres VI maître, d'une quantité d'estampes d'après ses oeuvres, devrait mettre à même de le connaître, de démontrer la marche de son talent, et qu'il importait avant tout de pénétrer aussi loin que possible dans l'esprit, dans l'âme de ce génie gigantesque. En écrivant ce livre dans une langue qui n'est pas la mienne, j'ai cru souvent entendre la remarque d'un Grimbert hollandais, disant à Renart: ......Oncle, que francisez-vous? Se vos le volez, parlez moi Hollandais, que je le comprenne1. Lors répondis en soupirant, Sire Grimbert, je n'en puis mès, Car je l'amasse miex assez, mais je ne saurais renfermer dans les limites restreintes de notre langue, et du public peu nombreux qui chez nous prend connaissance d'une étude sur l'art, des pages inspirées par le désir de porter aussi loin que possible la gloire du grand artiste. Septembre 1868. C. VOSMAER. 1 v. 1461. Grimbert sprac: Oom, walschedi? Oft ghi iet wilt, spreect jeghen mi In dietsche, dat ict mach verstaen. Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres 1 I. Les Débuts. 1627-1630. Dans la première partie de cet ouvrage nous avons quitté Rembrandt à l'entrée de sa carrière artistique. Le rideau, que nous avions alors à peine soulevé, va s'écarter maintenant d'avantage. La période qu'on pourrait nommer période leidoise du peintre, loin de n'être qu'un temps d'essais et d'études, s'est trouvée produire plusieurs oeuvres remarquables. Reprenant le fil aussi loin que possible, nous rendrons encore une fois visite à l'atelier du jeune van Rijn dans la demeure paternelle, au Weddesteeg à Leiden. La première oeuvre à date certaine, est un petit tableau en hauteur, signé RH 16271. Le peintre y a représenté l'apôtre Paul dans la prison, assis sur une pierre, tourné vers la gauche, la main gauche tenant un livre ouvert posé sur les genoux, le bras droit accoudé sur le livre. Le pied droit est posé sur la sandale. L'apôtre a une longue barbe blanche et des cheveux blancs ébouriffés. Les yeux pensifs ont beaucoup d'expression. Longue robe grise d'une étoffe épaisse; à droite un lourd manteau verdâtre; à gauche, sur la pierre, des livres, 1 De la galerie Schönborn, il a passé en 1867 dans celle de Stuttgart. La date 1627 se trouvait dans le Catalogue de la galerie Schönborn de 1857. Elle a été vérifiée par M. Bürger dans son Cat. de cette galérie. Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres 2 une valise et une longue épée. Le jour vient de ce côté, par une fenêtre, et de vifs rayons frappent la muraille derrière la tête de l'apôtre. Le jeune peintre y montre déjà l'esprit humain dans lequel il concevra les écrits bibliques. Pour le costume, il se conforme à celui adopté par Lastman, Bramer, Uyttenbroeck, Jan Pinas.1 Le coloriste aussi s'y montre pleinement, avec sa figure ressortant en vigueur sur la muraille vivement éclairée. Ce petit panneau, est d'un intérêt extrême. L'on s'est étonné jusqu'ici de la beauté du Siméon, oeuvre d'un jeune homme de vingt-quatre ans. Eh bien! Ce jeune homme avait déjà signé quatre ans avant, cette oeuvre si remarquable, le St. Paul. Peut-être elle servira à constater d'autres peintures qui feront encore mieux connaître ses débuts et qui combleront la lacune de 1627 à 30. L'année suivante, en 1628, viennent les deux belles eauxfortes représentant la mère de l'artiste. On peut y ajouter la petite tête de femme, qui me paraît un essai pour ces portraits. En 1629, l'eau-forte, portrait de Rembrandt. Enfin les oeuvres de 1630. Le philosophe dans une grotte, indiqué sommairement dans la 1e partie, se rattache au Saint Paul et est encore un vrai spécimen de la première manière. C'est un philosophe en 1 Peut-être une oeuvre de ce dernier que j'ai décrite (Vol. I. p. 76) d'après la gravure de Nicola Lastman, Saint Pierre délivré de prison, ne fut pas sans influence sur cette peinture de van Rijn. Les accessoires empruntés à la vie ordinaire - des cartes à jouer, un vase, une natte enroulée, pareille à celle du Jérôme de Rembrandt de 1631, l'ange avec ses ailes courtes et son costume de jeune prêtre (une chasuble par dessus sa tunique), la manière dont l'effet du jour est disposé, - tout cela rappelle fortement les premières pages bibliques de Rembrandt. J'ai dit an 1r vol. qu'il n'est pas prouvé que Pinas ait été un des maîtres de Rembrandt, et je le pense encore. Cependant j'avoue que je leur trouve plus d'analogie maintenant que je ne pensais alors. Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres 3 contemplation, Loth, ou une espèce d'allégorie en forme de Vanitas. On trouve ce tableau mentionné sous divers noms: philosophe, Loth et même Anchise. Dans une grotte, dont l'ouverture laisse voir une ville en flammes, l'homme est assis près d'une colonne, accoudé sur une saillie supportant une jatte et d'autres objets. Le tableau, connu par l'estampe de Schmidt, qui lui assigne la date 1630, est à retrouver. Le Vieillard, à Cassel, peinture finie et minutieuse, a été amplement décrit.1 Trois bustes de vieillard, également à Cassel, sont probablement de la même époque. L'un paraît être le même modèle que le Vieillard de 1630. Un autre beau portrait de vieillard, la tête légèrement inclinée, est touché avec plus de largeur que les autres. Tous ces personnages ne semblent pas appartenir à une classe de gens pouvant se permettre le luxe d'un portrait commandé. Il faut observer avec quelle exactitude, avec quel soin ces simples études sont achevées. Ce sont de vraies peintures; remarque qu'on aura plus d'une fois l'occasion de renouveler. Un autre petit buste de vieillard, appelé Philon le Juif, porte aussi la date 1630. Van Vliet l'a gravé en 16332. Le musée de la Haye possède un petit buste de jeune homme vu de face et qui, bien que ce soit une peinture plus franche, me semble appartenir aux premières années, sinon à 1630. La tête ressemble à Rembrandt par les traits; mais les cheveux sont noirs. Il a surtout une forte ressemblance avec l'eau-forte 214, datée 1630, et le no. 204, sauf le froncement des sourcils et le pincement de bouche 1 Ie partie, pag. 138. 2 M. Bürger possède une peinture pareille, qu'il attribue à van Vliet. Le personnage y porte aur son bonnet une bande de papier avec le mot ցιλῶς, qui a suggéré le nom de Philon. Carel Vosmaer, Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn. Deel 2. Sa vie et ses oeuvres 4 qu'on remarque dans l'eau-forte 214. Sur un fond olivâtre se détache le buste, habillé de noir avec un hausse-col de la même couleur, nuancée de vert. La tête est très bien peinte en pleine pâte; les ombres couvrent le visage â l'exception d'un peu de lumière sur le front et sur la joue droite. Elles sont noires dans les sourcils, d'un vert olive sur la joue ombrée, d'où ressort pourtant un peu la couleur de la chair. La joue et le front sont couverts du côté éclairé d'une pâte formant émail. De légères touches noires sur les lèvres et autour du menton indiquent un peu de poils. Au musée de Berlin j'ai retrouvé le léger croquis à la plume, qui a servi d'esquisse pour la délicate eau-forte Siméon dans le temple. La petite circoncision, gravée de la même pointe fine que cette pièce, est probablement de la même année. Enfin parmi les dix-sept eaux-fortes datées de 1630, il faut ranger Jésus parlant aux docteurs1; ainsi que quelques études et portraits du peintre, qui doivent être rattachés à cette époque par leur faire et leur style2.
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