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Unit 12 Collaborative Content Development

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Unit 12 Collaborative Content Development Web Products and Services UNIT 12 COLLABORATIVE CONTENT DEVELOPMENT Structure 12.0 Objectives 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Content:An Overview 12.2.1 Concept 12.2.2 Content Tools (Media-wise) 12.2.3 Content Formats 12.3 Introduction to Collaboration 12.3.1 Tools for Collaboration on the Web 12.3.2 Features of Collaboration Tools 12.3.3 Collaborative Content Development 12.4 Content Management System: Models and Best Practices 12.4.1 Web Content Management System 12.4.2 E-learning Content Management System 12.4.3 Collaborative Content Development System 12.4.4 Digital Research Repository System 12.4.5 Best Practices for Collaborative Content Development 12.5 Web Content Life Cycle Framework 12.5.1 Life Cycle Management 12.6 Issues and Challenges: Quality, Validity and Authentication 12.7 Implications for Libraries 12.8 Summary 12.9 Answers to Self Check Exercises 12.10 Keywords 12.11 References and Further Reading 12.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to: • explain the concepts such as content, content development and collaborative content development; • discuss content development tools and the various formats of content; • explain the different types of content management system; • highlight the best practices for collaborative content development; • describe web content development life cycle; • explain the implications for libraries; and • highlight the issues and challenges relating to quality, validity and authentication of contents. 28 Collaborative Content 12.1 INTRODUCTION Development Any document contains information and this information can be in any media formats such as audio, video, graphics or in the form of simple text. In traditional books, text and graphics had major role to play, however, in recent times books have been supplemented with Compact Discs (CDs) which include audio as well as video files. The form of publishing has changed to electronic and the Internet is playing an important role in dissemination of information. The Internet has come up not only as a communication channel, but also is ruling the market of mass media. The content which can be delivered over the Internet contains multimedia objects, like, books, websites, animation, audio-video lectures, etc. The media could be interactive or customisable as per the reader’s requirement. The publication time line has changed. Publishing can be done within no time and the object can also be edited at any point of time. Under such circumstances, the study of content, in general as well as over the Web and its vulnerability to change makes it a potential area of study. 12.2 CONTENT: AN OVERVIEW Content is the subject matter or the thought expressed in the document. The idea conveyed by the content of the document may be of great value but if it is not presented effectively,its impact is lost. In order to have strong impact, the packaging and presentation should be of high quality. Electronic documents can be embedded with audio-visual, graphics and texts. But ultimately it should be the mix of audio-visuals, graphics and text in such a way so that they can have greater impact on the recipient.How good it can be achieved, is part of content development. Hence, content development can be defined as creation of content for transferring the message intended, effectively. The content can be in the form of text, audio, video or graphics or the combination of these. The suitable use of multimedia adds value to the thought content and hence, it creates higher impact. Therefore, it is the skill of the presenter or the creator how s/he develops the content and present to people.When a number of participants or stake holders participate to generate content it is known as Collaborative Content Development. 12.2.1 Concept The dictionary meaning of content is “substance of an object”. Another meaning of content is “satisfaction”. However, in our case it is the first meaning which we are concerned with. Thus, it is the information content of the object which is being considered here. The objects can be book, e-book, web page or any web- based object, etc. On the Internet, content is any information that is available for retrieval by the user, including web pages, images, music, audio, white papers, drivers and software downloads as well as training, educational and reference materials (Source: Computer Desktop Encyclopedia). 12.2.2 Content Tools (Media-wise) The generation of content is through human intellect but there are also tools which are used to express the intellect more efficiently. Content is expressed in text, graphic, audio and video using different tools. Based on the form of media, tools can be categorised as: 29 Web Products and Services • Text editing tools • Graphic editing tools • Audio capture and editing tools • Video capture and editing tools Text Editing Tools Text editors are software used in Desktop Publishing (DTP). These are editors such as MS-Office Suite, Open Office Suite and Star Office,etc. They include packages to type text and also proof read. Other than this, they also contain packages for presentation, spread sheets and database for powerful presentation, calculation, and storage and retrieval respectively. A lot of literature already exists which requires retro-conversion from print to digital. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology is used to convert printed text to digital. Software like OmniPage Pro, TextBridge, Abbyy FineReader, etc. are OCR software available in the market. However, nowadays scanners come with basic OCR utility which can be used for light weight text editing. Graphic Editing Tools DTP is supplemented by effective use of graphics (images). This includes capturing the image and processing it in a presentable format. This requires use of capture devices like camera (ordinary as well as digital camera), scanners and data transfer cables. Once an image is captured it is to be converted to usable format and size. However, sometimes value addition to the image is also done by touching up the image. For the purpose, software like Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, etc. are widely used by professionals. However, GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is also a powerful tool to edit graphics available under Open Source License. Audio Capture and Editing Tools Sound has more pneumonic property than text and graphics. Hence, libraries are going more and more towards recording and collecting audio materials. Audio can be recorded with a recorder which is inbuilt in Mobile phones, Dictaphones, Computers, etc. These are affordable devices used commonly in day-to-day affairs. However, there are very costly studios with various kinds of mixers and error correction devices which are also available and are used in professional recording and music. Audio Capture Card is available in the present day computers which can be used for recording. The card is connected with a Microphone which records input and feeds to the card. There are inbuilt utility software in the operating system which can be used to record and save the voice. Professional software like Authorware, WavePad, Goldwave, etc. can be used to create mixing effect. Video Capture and Editing Tools Libraries have lot of recorded presentations in their collections. The recording of any event is captured with the help of a video camera. Nowadays video camera directly record in computer readable format, therefore, there is no need to attach Video Capture Card with the computer. For editing the video there are many options available for example, CyberLink PowerDirector, Corel Video Studio ProX4, Adobe Premiere Elements, MAGIX Movie Edit Pro, VideoPad, Pinnacle 30 Studio HD, Roxio Creator, Sony Vegas Movie Studio Platinum, Roxio Video Collaborative Content Lab, ShowBiz DVD and many such others. Development Self Check Exercise Note: i) Write your answer in the space given below. ii) Check your answer with the answers given at the end of this Unit. 1) Categorise the content tools according to media. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 12.2.3 Content Formats Content can be in any format including text, graphics,audio and video in an electronic environment. The Web is an amalgamation of multimedia objects with different kinds of expositions as products. Not only the product, there are formats, particularly the file formats which are important and must be taken care of and well understood. The file format plays a major role in data compression and transfer over network. It also plays a major role in digital archiving and preservation. The description of each media and corresponding file formats have been discussed in the following sub-sections of this Unit. Text File Formats Plain text files usually have the extension ‘.txt’. They are also called ASCII text files and can be viewed with an editor (such as Edit or Notepad) or with a Word Processor (such as MS Word or Word Perfect). ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It was used for character representation in computers. However,
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