DOCSLIB.ORG

Legume Companion Cropping Systems to Minimise Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Legume Companion Cropping Systems to Minimise Nitrous Oxide Emissions DEVELOPING SUGARCANE - LEGUME COMPANION CROPPING SYSTEMS TO MINIMISE NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS Monica Elizabeth Salazar Cajas Agronomist Engineer (Central University of Ecuador) MAppSc. Soil Science (Massey University) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2018 School of Agriculture and Food Science Abstract Global efforts are underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from anthropogenic activities. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions accounted for 13% of Australia’s National GHG inventory over the period 2016-2017 (NGGI, 2017) with most N2O derived from agricultural soils. Sugarcane soils are high emitters of N2O, and this thesis explores whether legumes, grown as a companion crop with biological N2 fixation (BNF) capacity, can partially replace N fertiliser to lower the emissions of N2O from sugarcane soil. Chapter 2 synthesises published literature on sugarcane intercropping. Most research has focussed on the productivity of sugarcane with intercrops, including legumes. Intercropping can benefit sugarcane yield, have neutral or negative effects. This practice is common in subsistence agriculture, and farm income benefits, but environmental benefits intercropping have not been a research focus. Chapters 3 and 4 explore sugarcane-legume intercropping at three commercial farms in Australia. N2O emissions, soil and crop variables were quantified with different N fertiliser applications and in the presence or absence of legumes. The farms, two Rain-fed, one Irrigated, were located in the dry and wet tropics, and in the subtropics, representing different climate and agronomic settings. Industry-recommended (full) N fertiliser rates were compared with up to 50% reduced N fertiliser rates in the presence or absence of legume and benchmarked against a zero N fertiliser control. We hypothesised that reduced application of N fertiliser limits sugarcane growth and that legumes can alleviate N limitation. However, full and reduced N fertiliser treatments mostly generated similar sugarcane yields, confirming that industry- recommended full N fertiliser rates exceed sugarcane needs. In line with this notion, the reduced N+legume treatments did not improve sugarcane growth. N2O emissions in reduced N+legume were either similar to reduced N fertiliser sugarcane monoculture or higher and similar to the emissions observed with full N fertiliser rates. Soybean strongly benefitted sugarcane yield under N limiting conditions (zero N fertiliser) at one farm, increasing soluble soil N levels and nearly doubling sugarcane yield compared to zero-N sugarcane monoculture, and generating 6-times lower N2O emissions than the full N rate. At the Rain-fed sites, soil nitrate levels explained 81 and 64% of N2O emissions; at the Irrigated site, the interaction of soil nitrate and soil moisture explained 63% of N2O emissions. High N2O emissions factors at the subtropical site were associated with wet, low drainage soil (>70% water filled pore space over summer), conditions that promote denitrification. High N fertiliser rates in Irrigated, well- ii draining soils had lower N2O emissions, possibly shifting N losses from gaseous to leaching. The promising findings observed with soybean under N limitation require further investigation to explore N2O mitigation options with a view of optimising legume facilitation and the ‘tipping point’ for N fertiliser applications. Chapter 5 presents a glasshouse experiment investigating the effect of N fertiliser rate on competition vs facilitation up to peak N accumulation of soybean. No or low N fertiliser rates enhanced soybean BNF but reduced growth of sugarcane. With moderate to high N fertiliser rates, soybean BNF and growth diminished, while sugarcane growth increased which indicatives increased competitive ability. We conclude that N fertiliser rates substantially impact upon the relative performance of sugarcane and legume intercrop, with a trade-off between N fertiliser application and legume BNF. Under the experimental condition, direct N transfer from soybean to sugarcane was negligible. Rather, decomposition and mineralisation of legume biomass are likely to be the main pathway for increased N accumulation in intercropped sugarcane observed in some instances. Chapter 6 synthesises the findings from literature, field and glasshouse experimentation and discusses future directions for sugarcane-legume intercropping research. iii Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly- authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, financial support and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my higher degree by research candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis and have sought permission from co- authors for any jointly authored works included in the thesis. iv Publications included in this thesis “No publications included”. Submitted manuscripts included in this thesis “No manuscripts submitted for publication”. Other publications during candidature Conference abstracts: Salazar, M., Robinson, N., Royle, A., DiBella, L., Wang W., Heenan, M., Reeves, S., Schmidt, S. Brackin, R. (2016). Reducing nitrous oxide emissions from sugarcane soil with legume intercropping In: 7th International Nitrogen Initiative Conference (INI 2016): Solutions to improve nitrogen use efficiency for the world. International Nitrogen Initiative Conference, Melbourne, Australia. 4-8 December 2016. Robinson, N., Brackin, R., Paungfoo-Lonhienne, C., Lonhienne, T., Westermann, M., Salazar, M.,Yeoh, Y. K ., Hugenholtz, P., Ragan, M. A., Redding, M., Pratt, C., Wang, W. J., Royle, A., DiBella, L., Lakshmanan, P. and Schmidt, S. (2016). Addressing the nitrogen problem in sugarcane production to reduce pollution of the Great Barrier Reef. In: 7th International Nitrogen Initiative Conference (INI 2016): Solutions to improve nitrogen use efficiency for the world. International Nitrogen Initiative Conference, Melbourne, Australia. 4-8 December 2016. v Contributions by others to the thesis Professor Susanne Schmidt, Dr Richard Brackin and Dr Nicole Robinson designed the field experiments, and contributed to the design of glasshouse experiments. Prof Susanne Schmidt, Dr Richard Brackin, Dr Nicole Robinson and Dr Ryo Fujinuma assisted with data interpretation chapter editing. Further people contributed to this thesis as listed below. Chapter 2 Dr Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco (Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, CNPEM, Brazil) and Dr Ovidio Perez (Sugarcane Research Centre Guatemala, CENGICANA) provided reports and papers from Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico on sugarcane intercropping. Chapter 3 and 4 Taleta Bailey, Scott Buckley, Stéphane Guillou, João Carlos de Freitas Junior, Vithya Singh, Zoe Ong and Maren Westermann assisted with data collection and laboratory analyses. Sampling (soil, GHG gases) at the field experiments located in Abergowrie (Wet Tropics) and Burdekin (Dry Tropics) were assisted by technicians Melissa Royle, Minka Ibanez and Dennis Stubbs. Chapter 5 Dr Nicole Robinson assisted with the experimental design, planning and set-up of the glasshouse trial. Dr Richard Brackin, Dr Nicole Robinson and Scott Buckley assisted with the harvest. vi Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree “No works submitted towards another degree have been included in this thesis”. Research Involving Human or Animal Subjects “No animal or human subjects were involved in this research”. vii Acknowledgements A great thanks to my supervisor Professor Susanne Schmidt whose attention to detail led me finally to learn to punctuate and improve my writing skills. I am so grateful for accepting me in her research team and work in this project. I admire her passion, knowledge, patient guidance, and support throughout the years of my PhD, offering invaluable advice during our long meetings with Dr Richard Brackin, helping me to organise my ideas and asking insightful questions. I much appreciate her guidance for increasing my general knowledge in our weekly team meetings, and the way that she encourages the team to collaborate and help each other. Thousands thanks to my co-supervisor Dr Richard Brackin whose selfless
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Spiritual Landscapes of Barbados
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2016 Sacred Grounds and Profane Plantations: The Spiritual Landscapes of Barbados Myles Sullivan College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the African History Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Cultural History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Sullivan, Myles, "Sacred Grounds and Profane Plantations: The Spiritual Landscapes of Barbados" (2016). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 945. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/945 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sullivan 1 Sacred Grounds and Profane Plantations: The Spiritual Landscapes of Barbados Myles Sullivan Sullivan 2 Table of Contents Introduction page 3 Background page 4 Research page 6 Spiritual Landscapes page 9 The Archaeology and Anthropology of Spiritual Practices in the Caribbean page 16 Early Spiritual Landscapes page 21 Barbadian Spiritual Landscapes: Liminal Spaces in a “Creole” Slave Society page 33 Spiritual Landscapes of Recent Memory page 47 Works Cited page 52 Figures Fig 1: Map of Barbados page 4 Fig 2: Worker’s Village Site at Saint Nicholas Abbey page 7 Fig 3: Stone pile on ridgeline page 8 Fig 4: Disembarked Africans on Barbados (1625-1850) page 23 Fig 5: Total percentage arrivals of Africans by regions page 23 Fig 6: “Gaming” Pieces from the slave village site page 42 Fig 7: Gully areas at St.
    [Show full text]
  • Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746
    Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746 by Justin James Pope B.A. in Philosophy and Political Science, May 2000, Eckerd College M.A. in History, May 2005, University of Cincinnati M.Phil. in History, May 2008, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2014 Dissertation directed by David J. Silverman Professor of History The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Justin Pope has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2014. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the Great Awakening, 1729-1746 Justin Pope Dissertation Research Committee: David J. Silverman, Professor of History, Dissertation Director Denver Brunsman, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member Greg L. Childs, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2014 by Justin Pope All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments I feel fortunate to thank the many friends and colleagues, institutions and universities that have helped me produce this dissertation. The considerable research for this project would not have been possible without the assistance of several organizations. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the Maryland Historical Society, the Cosmos Club Foundation of Washington, D.C., the Andrew Mellon Fellowship of the Virginia Historical Society, the W. B. H. Dowse Fellowship of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Thompson Travel Grant from the George Washington University History Department, and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Fellowship all provided critical funding for my archival research.
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas Crops
    Kansas Crops Unit 4) Kansas Crops The state of Kansas is often called the "Wheat State" or the "When tillage begins, other acts follow. The farmers, therefore, are the "Sunflower State." Year after year, the state of Kansas leads the founders of human civilization." nation in the production of wheat and grain sorghum and ranks Daniel Webster, American statesman and orator among the top ten states in the production of sunflowers, alfalfa, When Kansas became a state, corn, and soybeans. Kansas farmers also plant and harvest a variety most of the people in the United of other crops to meet the need for food, feed, fuel, fiber, and other States were farmers. According to consumer and industrial products. the U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, the food and fiber produced by the average farmworker at that Introduction time supported fewer than five Wheat people. Farming methods, which – Wheat uses Credit: Louise Ehmke had not changed significantly – Wheat history for several decades, were passed down from one generation to the Corn next. The Homestead Act of 1862 promoted the idea that anyone – Corn uses could become a farmer but people soon realized that once they went – Corn history beyond the eastern edge of Kansas, survival depended on changing Grain Sorghum those traditional farming methods. – Grain sorghum uses Out of necessity, Kansas adopted an attitude of innovation and – Grain sorghum history experimentation. Since 1863, faculty at the Kansas State Agricul- Soybeans tural College (KSAC) and the KSAC Agricultural Experiment – Soybean uses Station have assisted Kansas farmers in meeting crop production – Soybean history challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • CELEBRATE BAJAN CROP OVER Barbados’ Sexy, Colourful Street Party Rivals Carnival and Goes on for Weeks
    G2 SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 2018 VANCOUVER SUN TRAVEL Participants in the Grand Kadooment, the final celebration of Barbados’ harvest, adorn themselves in colourful costumes. BARBADOS TOURIST BOARD CELEBRATE BAJAN CROP OVER Barbados’ sexy, colourful street party rivals Carnival and goes on for weeks NATALIE KOKONIS Bridgetown, Barbados: I got back to the hotel at 5 a.m., splattered with paint. The street party was still going on, but I simply couldn’t dance anymore. The locals and diasporas (Bar- badian expats) were better condi- tioned and better prepared for the IF YOU GO Foreday Morning party that goes with the two-month celebration The party to close Crop of Crop Over. Over season, the Grand Ka- I had been prepped for this night; dooment, takes place on the no open-toed shoes, cover your first Monday in August each hair, and wear disposable clothing; year. A national holiday in for the all-night party featured… Barbados, crowds flock to the paint! And lots of it. streets to see the incredible Revellers dipped their hands in and daring costumes of the buckets of paint, and flicked and participants. Barbados would rubbed it on one another. No one lure visitors any time of the was left unscathed as partygoers, year, but Crop Over encap- (what seemed like the whole is- sulates the island’s spirit land, and the tourists) took to the and culture and enhances streets, splashing paint, sashaying it tenfold. And the general and wukking up behind trucks as public can take part in the over-sized speakers thumped out spectacle.
    [Show full text]
  • PART 2 the Enslaved People
    THE MOUNTRAVERS PLANTATION COMMUNITY - INTRODUCTION P a g e | 164 PART 2 The enslaved people Chapter 3 An interregnum: the William Coker years (1761-1764) ‘… for most assuredly Negroes are the sinews of an estate ...’ William Coker, October 1762 1 With William Coker’s arrival in Nevis a period began when close attention was, once again, paid to the running of Mountravers. For its inhabitants this brought many changes. In addition to those who had survived since 1734, in 1761 another 89 new people are known to have lived on the estate. Their stories are told, as well as those of seven children born on Mountravers during Coker’s managership and of ten new Africans whom he purchased in 1762. Of these 106 individuals, only one lived long enough to see slavery being abolished. ◄► ▼◄► By the 1760s as many a third of all sugar plantations in the British West Indies belonged to absentee owners. 2 Some were managed by able men with energy and drive, but Mountravers had gone stale after almost thirty years of absentee ownership. The land had become neglected and the people who worked it were in poor shape. Those who had survived since 1734 had buried many of their friends and relatives, but children had also been born on the plantation and although fewer slaving ships called at Nevis, there were still new arrivals. A great number had been imported in the year 1755.3 However, the last people bought for Mountravers probably were those purchased in the late 1740s during John Frederick Pinney’s second visit to Nevis.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Maintenance and the Politics of Fulfillment in Barbados’S Junior Calypso Monarch Programme
    MASK AND MIRROR: CULTURAL MAINTENANCE AND THE POLITICS OF FULFILLMENT IN BARBADOS’S JUNIOR CALYPSO MONARCH PROGRAMME A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN MUSIC MAY 2016 By Anjelica Corbett Thesis Committee: Frederick Lau, chairperson Ricardo Trimillos Njoroge Njoroge Keywords: Anjelica Corbett, Calypso, Carnival, Nationalism, Youth Culture, Barbados Copyright © 2016 Anjelica Corbett Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to thank God because without him nothing would be possible. I would also like to thank the National Cultural Foundation, the Junior Calypso Monarch Programme participants, Chrystal Cummins-Beckles, and Ian Webster for welcoming into the world of Bajan calypso and answering my questions about this new environment. My gratitude also extends to the Junior Calypso Monarch Programme participants for allowing me to observe and their rehearsals and performances and sharing their love of calypso with me. I would like to thank Dr. Frederick Lau, Dr. Byong-Won Lee, Dr. Ricardo Trimillos, and Dr. Njoroge Njoroge, and the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa's Music Department for approving this project and teaching me valuable lessons throughout this process. I would especially like to thank my fellow colleagues in the Ethnomusicology department for their emotional and academic support. Finally, I would like to thank my family for support and encouragement throughout my academic career. i Abstract Barbados, like other Caribbean nations, holds junior calypso competitions for Barbadian youth. These competitions, sponsored by Barbados’s National Cultural Foundation (NCF), allow the youth to express their opinions on society.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Culture and the Remapping of Barbadian Identity
    “In Plenty and In Time of Need”: Popular Culture and the Remapping of Barbadian Identity by Lia Tamar Bascomb A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in African American Studies in the Graduate Division of University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Leigh Raiford, Chair Professor Brandi Catanese Professor Nadia Ellis Professor Laura Pérez Spring 2013 “In Plenty and In Time of Need”: Popular Culture and the Remapping of Barbadian Identity © 2013 by Lia Tamar Bascomb 1 Abstract “In Plenty and In Time of Need”: Popular Culture and the Remapping of Barbadian Identity by Lia Tamar Bascomb Doctor of Philosophy in African American Studies University of California at Berkeley Professor Leigh Raiford, Chair This dissertation is a cultural history of Barbados since its 1966 independence. As a pivotal point in the Transatlantic Slave Trade of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one of Britain’s most prized colonies well into the mid twentieth century, and, since 1966, one of the most stable postcolonial nation-states in the Western hemisphere, Barbados offers an extremely important and, yet, understudied site of world history. Barbadian identity stands at a crossroads where ideals of British respectability, African cultural retentions, U.S. commodity markets, and global economic flows meet. Focusing on the rise of Barbadian popular music, performance, and visual culture this dissertation demonstrates how the unique history of Barbados has contributed to complex relations of national, gendered, and sexual identities, and how these identities are represented and interpreted on a global stage. This project examines the relation between the global pop culture market, the Barbadian artists within it, and the goals and desires of Barbadian people over the past fifty years, ultimately positing that the popular culture market is a site for postcolonial identity formation.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER.5 What We Grow
    CHAPTER.5 What We Grow Saint Louis Regional Food Study - 2014 Saint Louis Regional Food Study | 2014 652 SaintLouis LouisRegional RegionalFood Study Food- 2014 2 What We Grow Today, fewer farmers grow fewer types of crops than in our modern The increased average crop yields for Missouri corn, soybeans, history. As the number of farms decreased and the average farm and wheat between 1950 and 2011 (Graph 5-1) occurred despite The increased average crop yields for Missouri corn, soybeans, size increased over the last century, American farms began to grow the overall decrease in total cropland acreage. With fewer acres in and wheat between 1950 and 2011 (Graph 5-1) occurred despite only one or two crops rather than maintain the diversity found on production, Missouri farms increased yields through mechanization, the overall decrease in total cropland acreage. With fewer acres in earlier farms.1 For example, in 2000, the national average number specialization and efficiency. The Saint Louis Regional Foodshed production, Missouri farms increased yields through mechanization, of crops produced per farm had decreased to only one.2 The move mirrors the state with regard to the decreased diversity and specialization and efficiency. The Saint Louis Regional Foodshed towards single commodity production and the increased demand increased grain yields on farms. Where the Saint Louis Regional mirrors the state with regard to the decreased diversity and increased placed on farmers for higher yields led the agricultural industry to Foodshed once produced
    [Show full text]
  • Angola's Agricultural Economy in Brief'
    "~ ANGOLA'S AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN BRIEF'. (Foreign Agr,ioultural Eoonomic Report) . USPMFAER-139 / Herbert H. Stein~r. W~shj.ngton, DC~ EC.onom'ic Rese9.rqh Servic:-.e. Sep .. 1977. (NAL Call No. A281 ;9.1Ag8F) 1.0 :; 11111:,8 111111:~ I~ IIB~ w t:: i~l~ ~ ~ 140 0 I\III~ ~"' - . \\\\I~ 1III1 1.4 111111.6 ANGOLA'S AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN BRIEF U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 139 NOTe' Names In parentheses are pre·mdependence names. ANGOLA'S AGRICULTURAL ECONOHY TN BRIEF. By Herbert H. Steiner, Foreign Demand and Competition Division, Eco­ nomic Research Service. Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 139. Washington, D.C. 20250 September 1977 \l ABSTRACT A short summary of the history, and a description of the physiography, climate, soils and vegetation, people, and economy of I Angola are followed by a report on the agri­ cultural sector as it existed just before independence in November 1975. Coffee was then the principal crop; corn and cassava were the staple foods. Other important crops were cotton! sisal, bananas, ~eans, and potatoes. Petroleum was the principal export, followed by coffee, diamonds, iron ore, fishmeal, cotton, and sisal. Keywords: Angola; Africa; Agricultural pro­ duction; Agricultural trade. ,) ! . : PREFAce Angola became independent on November 11, 1975. A devastating civil war accompanied the transition. The war and the exodus of most of the employees of the colonial Government interrupted the collection of statistics on production and trade. Because of the paucity of reliable data during and after the transi­ tion, this study is essentially a description of Angolan agriculture as it existed before independence.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination of Crops in Australia and New Zealand by Mark Goodwin © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation
    Pollination of Crops in Australia and New Zealand by Mark Goodwin © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-402-1 ISSN 1440-6845 Pollination of Crops in Australia and New Zealand Publication No. 12/059 Project No. HG09058 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. Products have been included on the basis that they either contain a bee related warning on the product label, or they have the same active constituent(s), active constituent(s) concentration, application rate and intended use as products which contain a bee related warning on the label. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Crop Markets: a Deeper Look Into the USDA Crop Baseline Projections
    A Report from the Economic Research Service United States Department www.ers.usda.gov of Agriculture An Exploration of Crop Markets: FDS-18J-01 A Deeper Look Into the USDA Crop October 2018 Baseline Projections Mark Ash, Jennifer K. Bond, Thomas Capehart, Nathan W. Childs, Michael McConnell, Leslie Meyer, and Erik J. O’Donoghue Approved by USDA’s Abstract World Agricultural Outlook Board This report complements the USDA Agricultural Projections to 2027 report released in February 2018 by providing a roadmap of the process for generating the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s long-term projections. In particular, the report explains the expectations of the main drivers of the major crop markets, including corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, rice, and sugar. The primary interactions between these crop markets are explored to provide a deeper understanding of the long-term projections. By outlining the assumptions and reasoning behind these projections, the report enables inferences on how the projections might change under varying circumstances. keywords: USDA Baseline Projections, crops, markets, corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, rice, sugar Acknowledgments The authors thank David Stallings of the Office of the Chief Economist (OCE) for a technical peer review. We also thank USDA, Economic Research Service staff Courtney Knauth for editing the report and Curtia Taylor for layout and design. Contents Abstract ....................................................................... a Introduction ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Wine Production : Vine to Bottle/Keith Grainger and Hazel Tattersall
    FOOD INDUSTRY BRIEFING SERIES Wine Production Vine to Bottle Keith Grainger and Hazel Tattersall Food Industry Briefing Series WINE PRODUCTION: VINE TO BOTTLE Keith Grainger and Hazel Tattersall © K. Grainger & H. Tattersall 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Editorial Offices: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868 Blackwell Publishing Professional, 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA Tel: +1 515 292 0140 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Tel: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Grainger, Keith. Wine production : vine to bottle/Keith Grainger and Hazel Tattersall. p. cm. — (Food industry briefing series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-14051-1365-6 (pbk.: acid-free paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-1365-0 (pbk.: acid-free paper) 1. Wine and wine making. I. Tattersall, Hazel. II. Title. III. Series. TP548.G683 2005 641.2′2—dc22 2005005238 ISBN-13: 978-14051-1365-6 ISBN-10: 1-4051-1365-0 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 10/13pt Franklin Gothic Book by Integra Software Services Pvt.
    [Show full text]