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Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Programa De Pós UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM QUÍMICA TECNOLÓGICA E AMBIENTAL TESE DE DOUTORADO INVESTIGAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA DA Bunchosia glandulifera Daiane Einhardt Blank Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS - Brasil 2018 1 INVESTIGAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA DA Bunchosia glandulifera por Daiane Einhardt Blank Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de DOUTOR EM QUÍMICA. PPGQTA Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS – Brasil 2018 ii 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG Escola de Química e Alimentos Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental A Comissão Examinadora abaixo assinada aprova a Tese de Doutorado INVESTIGAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA DA Bunchosia glandulifera elaborada por Daiane Einhardt Blank Como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Química COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof.a Dr.a Neusa Fernandes de Moura (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - RS) (Orientadora) Prof.a Dr.a Vânia Rodrigues Lima (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - RS) (Co-orientadora) Prof.a Dr.a Adriana Flach (Universidade Federal de Roraima - RR) Prof. Dr. Carlos Roberto Peixoto (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - RS) Prof. Dr. Eduardo Miranda Ethur (Universidade do Vale do Taquari - RS) Santo Antônio da Patrulha, 26 de fevereiro de 2018. iii3 AGRADECIMENTOS A Prof.ª Dr.a Neusa Fernandes de Moura pela oportunidade, orientação, dedicação, ensinamentos e incentivo. A Prof.ª Dr.a Vania Rodrigues Lima pela co-orientação. A Prof.ª Dr.a Adriana Flach pelo acolhimento e presteza nas análises cromatográficas. A Prof.ª Dr.a Jane de Jesus da Silveira Moreira pela ajuda nas análises cromatográficas. Ao Prof. Dr. Gabriel Jorge Sagrera Darelli, pela contribuição nas análises por RMN. À FURG pela qualidade no ensino e aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, os quais contribuíram na minha formação acadêmica. As colegas do laboratório de pesquisas em produtos naturais (GPPN)-FURG-SAP, pela ajuda, comprometimento no desenvolvimento do trabalho e pelo convívio durante os congressos e análises. As colegas do GIMM que também fizeram parte desta caminhada. Aos colegas do Centro Integrado de Análise-CIA/FURG. A secretária do PPGQTA Rosane pelo excelente atendimento. A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. A minha Família, pela ajuda e motivação durante essa jornada. Agradeço à Deus, por me guiar, iluminar e me dar tranquilidade para seguir em frente com os meus objetivos e não desanimar com as dificuldades. iv 4 SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS.........................................................................................................viii LISTA DE TABELAS ..........................................................................................................x LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SÍMBOLOS ...................................................................xii RESUMO ...........................................................................................................................xiv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................xv 1 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................16 2 OBJETIVOS.....................................................................................................................18 3 REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA .........................................................................................19 3.1 Bunchosia glangulifera..................................................................................................19 3.2 Fruta................................................................................................................................21 3.3 Compostos bioativos .....................................................................................................21 3.3.1 Compostos fenólicos...................................................................................................22 3.3.2 Carotenoides................................................................................................................28 3.3.3 Cafeína.........................................................................................................................30 3.3.4 Vitamina C..................................................................................................................31 3.4 Atividade antioxidante...................................................................................................32 3.5 Nutrientes (minerais) em frutas......................................................................................33 3.6 Composição química e atividades biológicas ................................................................33 4 PARTE EXPERIMENTAL .............................................................................................35 4.1 Material vegetal..............................................................................................................35 4.2 Análise de compostos fenólicos ....................................................................................35 4.2.1 Determinação dos compostos fenólicos totais.............................................................35 4.2.2 Determinação de flavonoides totais............................................................................36 4.2.3 Determinação de antocianinas totais...........................................................................36 4.2.4 Identificação de fenólicos............................................................................................37 4.3 Análise de carotenoides..................................................................................................37 4.4 Análise de cafeína..........................................................................................................38 4.5 Análise de vitamina C....................................................................................................39 4.6 Análise de ácidos graxos................................................................................................40 4.6.1 Método de extração Bligh-dyer...................................................................................40 4.6.2 Esterificação e transesterificação do óleo extraído ....................................................40 4.6.3 Determinação e quantificação do perfil de ácidos graxos ..........................................40 5 v 4.6.4 Extração e análise direta dos EBC e EBH ..................................................................41 4.7 Atividade antioxidante...................................................................................................42 4.7.1 Atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH................................................................42 4.7.2 Determinação da atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS.....................................43 4.7.3 Avaliação do poder de redução pelo teste FRAP........................................................44 4.8 Análises físico-químicas.................................................................................................44 4.8.1 Perda por dessecação (umidade).................................................................................44 4.8.2 Proteínas......................................................................................................................45 4.8.3 Acidez..........................................................................................................................46 4.8.4 Determinação do pH....................................................................................................46 4.8.5 Resíduo por incineração..............................................................................................46 4.8.6 Lipídios........................................................................................................................46 4.8.7 Sólidos solúveis totais.................................................................................................47 4.8.8 Fibras...........................................................................................................................47 4.8.9 Açúcares redutores......................................................................................................47 4.8.10 Açúcares totais..........................................................................................................48 4.9 Determinação da cor ......................................................................................................49 4.10 Determinação de nutrientes minerais...........................................................................49 4.11 Estabilidade de compostos da polpa de Bunchosia glandulifera.................................50 4.12 Maturação ....................................................................................................................50 4. 13 Isolamento dos constituintes e determinação da estrutura dos compostos..................51 5 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO......................................................................................52 5.1 Compostos bioativos na polpa e semente da B. glandulifera.........................................52 5.1.1 Compostos bioativos identificados
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