DOCSLIB.ORG

Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions of Alternatives for Woody

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions of Alternatives for Woody Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from Alternatives for Woody Biomass Mark Goodin Olympic Region Clean Air Agency (ORCAA) Natural Resources & Marine Waters Committee Update on Forest Biomass January 27, 2011 Nippon Proposed CHP (420 MMBtu, 20 MW) PT Paper Nippon Paper Statewide Pen Ply Interfor - PA PA Hardwoods Resource •1/3 ton woody biomass debris per ton merchantable timber Interfor - Forks Allen Logging ADAGE Proposed PP (758 MMBtu, 65 MW) Solomon Proposed CHP (436 MMBtu, 31 MW) Simpson Lumber Sierra Pacific Cogen Hoquiam Ply Grays Harbor Simpson Door Pacific Veneer Weyerhaeuser Raymond Seaport Lumber Existing Biomass Boilers Compost Facilities Regional Air Quality •Maintenance of AAQSs •Regional Haze •Nuisance Smoke •Air Toxics Project Completed Final Report Spreadsheet Calculator Tool PM2.5: Emissions by Fate (See above for list of fates. Error bars indicate high and low estimates) 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 - g PM 2.5/ PM 2.5/ bdt g (2,000) (4,000) (6,000) (8,000) 1a 1b 2a 2b 2c 3a 3b 3c 4b 4c 4d 4e 5a 6a 6b Biomass Fate 15 Options for Woody Biomass • On-site decomposition • On-site combustion • Mulch • Compost • Biochar • Fireplace • Certified Wood Stove • Pellet Stove • Industrial energy (displacing use of nat gas, diesel or residual oil) • Industrial energy (displacing existing wood fuel source) • Integrated gasification and combustion • Cogeneration • Pulp or paper feedstock • Ethanol by hydrolysis and fermentation (cellulosic) • Ethanol by gasification and synthesis Post-harvest to Grave Analysis merchantable timber thinning forest land replanting ? other “post-harvest to woody biomass grave” analysis debris starts here soil residential industrial industrial disposal liquid fuel amendment energy energy feedstock Net Emissions = System – Avoided + Alternate disposal soil residentialresidential industrial industrial liquid fuel amendment energyenergy energy feedstock System pelletization & energy + combustion in emissions Emissions materials pellet stove wood stove furnace electric heat Avoided and Alternate Use avoided emissions Emissions energy + * avoided materials emissions alternate emissions * Analysis assumes fuel wood is diverted to an alternate use System Emissions = Sum of process step and use emissions disposal soil residentialresidential industrial industrial liquid fuel amendment energyenergy energy feedstock Example: This study includes: Life-cycle energy + gathering 15 fates materials emissions • boundary • GHG emissions of pelletization & energy + processing CO2 emissions combustion in materials N2O pellet stove CH4 transport energy + emissions • Air Pollutant emissions materials CO pellet processing PM2.5 energy + emissions materials energy + distribution emissions materials combustion in pellet stove emissions GHG Results for Fixed Market GHG Results for Elastic Market PM2.5 Results for Fixed Market PM2.5 Results for Elastic Market Summary of Key Findings • GHGs are either reduced or at par with both standard practices for all alternatives (except residential woodstoves and fireplaces) • Pre-processing and transport emissions not significant • Any alternative to open burning reduces both GHGs and air pollutants (except residential woodstoves and fireplaces) • Using WB to supply bulking agent for new composting markets substantially reduces GHGs (elastic market) • Displacing existing fossil fuel use with WB for industrial energy substantially reduces GHGs (fixed market) • Biochar and Pulp feedstock are the alternatives that result in clear GHG reductions for all markets. Key Finding • Energy projects that utilizes woody biomass residuals from logging operations will likely result in GHG reductions – even without any biogenic carbon credit. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selling Your Timber
    Selling Your Timber A timber sale is a serious matter requiring careful preparation. The results of many years of past timber growth are at stake, and the condition of the forest after the sale profoundly affects its productivity for many years to come. Basics to Consider If profit is your primary objective, avoid the temptation to make a “quick sale.” Think about what you are going to do, and don’t be pressured Your best interest should 1. Hire a Registered Consulting Forester into making a decision. Using the competitive bid be the top priority of anyone to Help With the Planning and Sale of process can maximize your profits. you hire to assist in your timber sale. They should Your Timber fully disclose and resolve Selling timber can be a source of great satisfaction compromised. It reduces opportunities for any existing or potential to a landowner. It may also be surprising, frustrating misunderstandings between you and the buyer and/or conflicts of interest. and stressful, especially for landowners who conduct logger, helps ensure the harvest will maximize financial timber sales infrequently. returns for all parties, protects water quality and Relying on the expertise of a registered consulting maintains or enhances forest productivity. Reforestation forester for help with harvest planning and timber sales alternatives should also be planned prior to timber reduces the likelihood that sellers or buyers will be harvests to ensure that the specific harvest methods caught off guard - and that helps landowners get the used complement long-term forest management goals. Tax Implications highest return for their timber.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors
    Maine State Library Digital Maine Forest Service Documents Maine Forest Service 9-14-2011 2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors Maine Forest Service Forest Policy and Management Division Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalmaine.com/for_docs Recommended Citation Maine Forest Service, "2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors" (2011). Forest Service Documents. 253. https://digitalmaine.com/for_docs/253 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Maine Forest Service at Digital Maine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Forest Service Documents by an authorized administrator of Digital Maine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2010 Directory of Maine’s Primary Wood Processors Robert J. Lilieholm, Peter R. Lammert, Greg R. Lord and Stacy N. Trosper Maine Forest Service Department of Conservation 22 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0022 School of Forest Resources University of Maine Orono, Maine 04469-5755 December 2010 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Maine's Primary Wood Processors I. Stationary Sawmills ............................................................................................. 4 II. Portable Sawmills ............................................................................................. 67 III. Pulp and Paper Manufacturers ...................................................................... 106 IV. Stand-Alone
    [Show full text]
  • Wood As a Sustainable Building Material Robert H
    CHAPTER 1 Wood as a Sustainable Building Material Robert H. Falk, Research General Engineer Few building materials possess the environmental benefits of wood. It is not only our most widely used building mate- Contents rial but also one with characteristics that make it suitable Wood as a Green Building Material 1–1 for a wide range of applications. As described in the many Embodied Energy 1–1 chapters of this handbook, efficient, durable, and useful wood products produced from trees can range from a mini- Carbon Impact 1–2 mally processed log at a log-home building site to a highly Sustainability 1–3 processed and highly engineered wood composite manufac- tured in a large production facility. Forest Certification Programs 1–3 As with any resource, we want to ensure that our raw ma- Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 1–4 terials are produced and used in a sustainable fashion. One Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) 1–4 of the greatest attributes of wood is that it is a renewable resource. If sustainable forest management and harvesting American Tree Farm System (ATFS) 1–4 practices are followed, our wood resource will be available Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 1–5 indefinitely. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) Schemes 1–5 Wood as a Green Building Material Over the past decade, the concept of green building1 has Additional Information 1–5 become more mainstream and the public is becoming aware Literature Cited 1–5 of the potential environmental benefits of this alternative to conventional construction. Much of the focus of green building is on reducing a building’s energy consumption (such as better insulation, more efficient appliances and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems) and reducing negative human health impacts (such as con- trolled ventilation and humidity to reduce mold growth).
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Family Residential Design Guidelines
    APPENDICES Single-family Residential Design Guidelines Marin County Community Development Agency Technical Appendices Appendix A Design Guidelines User’s Checklist Appendix B Design Review Administrative Procedures and Design Review Submittal Requirements Appendix C Development Code Design Review Regulations Appendix D Development Code Planned District Development Standards Appendix E Drainage Practices Appendix F Driveway and Parking Design Appendix G Streams and Riparian Resources Appendix H Preservation of Trees Appendix I Marin County Water Conservation Ordinance for Landscaping in Residential Projects Appendix J Fire Hazard Matrix: Standards for Managing Vegetation Appendix K Hillslope Habitat Areas Appendix L Planting Design for Hillside Residential Development Appendix M Plant Selection Guide (Draft for Central Marin Hillside Areas) and Non-native Invasive Plants Appendix N-1 Resource Conservation for Single-family Residential Development Appendix N-2 New Home Green Building Residential Design Guidelines Appendix N-3 Remodeling Green Building Residential Design Guidelines Appendix N-4 Home Remodeling Green Building Guidelines Appendix O Universal Design Principles Appendix P Case Studies in Building Stepbacks Appendix A Design Guidelines User’s Checklist Single-family Residential Design Guidelines Appendix A Design Guidelines User’s Checklist The following checklist should be used by staff in reviewing applications to determine conformance with the Design Guidelines. It should also be used by applicants in designing the project. YES NO N/A SITE DESIGN 1. Has vegetation removal been minimized? (A-1.1) 2. Does site design minimize storm water runoff? (A-1.2) 3. Does site design protect streams? (A-1.3) 4. Is grading minimized? (A-1.4) 5. Does design of road access minimize grading? (A-1.5) BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Family Residential Design Guidelines
    Single-family Residential Design Guidelines Adopted by the Marin County Board of Supervisors on July 19, 2005. Marin County Community Development Agency July 2005 Acknowledgments This document is prepared in memory of Andrea Fox, Senior Planner. Marin County Board of Supervisors Susan Adams District 1 Steve Kinsey District 4 Hal Brown District 2 Cynthia Murray District 5 Charles McGlashan District 3 Planning Commission Don Dickenson District 1 Hank Barner District 5 Jo Julin District 2 Allan Berland (At Large) Randy Greenberg District 3 Steve Thompson (At Large) Wade Holland District 4 Technical Advisory Committee Bob Abeling Indian Valley Association President Al Aramburu Marin Board of Realtors Wiebke Buxbaum Pt. Reyes Station Village Association Design Review Committee Teri Bremer Lucas Valley Homeowners Association Architectural Review Board Geof Butler, Architect Strawberry Design Review Board David Blatchford Strawberry Design Review Board William Cullen, Architect Tamalpais Design Review Board Barry Evergettis Kent Woodlands Property Owners Association Dotty Lemieux Sierra Club Harriott Manley Santa Venetia Neighborhood Association Pat McDonnell Nicasio Design Review Board Christina Oldenburg Homestead Valley Resident Anne Petersen Kentfield Planning Advisory Board Barbara Salzman Audubon Society Elizabeth Shreeve Landscape Architect, SWA Ron Simpkins, Civil Engineer CSW/Stuber Stroeh Brock Wagstaff, Architect Marin Builders Exchange County Staff Alex Hinds, Community Development Director Brian Crawford, Deputy Director of Planning Services Christine Gimmler, Senior Planner Thomas Lai, Principal Planner Prepared by: Gast Hillmer Urban Design Single-family Residential Design Guidelines i [This page is intentionally left blank.] Single-family Residential Design Guidelines ii Single-family Residential Design Guidelines The Marin County Community Development Agency Table of Contents I.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix C: Forest Management Certification Programs
    AAAPPENDIXPPENDIXPPENDIX C: FFC: ORESTORESTOREST MMMANAANAANAGEMENTGEMENTGEMENT CCCERTIFICAERTIFICAERTIFICATIONTIONTION PPPROGRAMS Forest Management and Forest Product Certification In the past 10 years, forest management monitoring has been extended beyond an evalua tion of whether best management practices have been implemented according to state or federal specifications for the protection of habitat values and water quality to encompass ecological, social, and economic values. Independent organizations offer certification of forest management and forest products to forestry operations managed according to an internationally accepted set of criteria for sustainable forest management (Crossley, 1996). The principles and criteria of sustainable forestry are general enough to be appli cable to tropical, temperate, and boreal forests, but the standards used to certify indi vidual operations are sufficiently site- and region-specific for critical evaluation of individual forests and forestry operations. To be certified, forest management must adhere to principles of resource sustainability, ecosystem maintenance, and economic and socioeconomic viability. Resource sustainability means that harvesting is conducted such that the forest remains productive on a yearly basis. Large scale clear-cutting, for instance, such that the forest would have to remain idle and unproductive for many years, would generally not be acceptable. Ecosys tem maintenance means that the ecological processes operating in a forest continue to operate without interruption and the forest’s biodiversity is maintained. The principle implies that harvesting does not fundamentally alter the nature of the forest. Economic and socioeconomic viability incorporate the two previous principles and imply that forest operations are sufficiently profitable to sustain operations from year to year and that social benefits provided by a forest, such as existence and recreational value, are also maintained over the long term.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Purchasing Policy 2011-2012
    Wood Purchasing Policy 2011-2012 In partnership with www.maisonsdumonde.com - 2 - www.maisonsdumonde.com Message from the CEO Inaugurating the community forest project in Punjab in February 2011 Forests do a lot for us. They are omnipresent in our product range, every time we renew our collections. Whether the wood we use is Indian sheesham, Indonesian teak or North American oak and pine, this noble, renewable material lends itself to fascinating compositions that we use in our furniture and decorative items, with a preference for solid wood, natural fi- nishes and artisanal craftsmanship. Ensuring that our products are both attractive and sustainable is much more than a duty: it is a personal belief. Setting out to change attitudes and behaviors is also an extraordi- nary adventure. Giving a helping hand to community projects to bring about changes in forest resources and the people who depend on them is more rewarding than any label, because sustainable development is, first and foremost, a human adventure. Xavier Marie CEO - 3 - www.maisonsdumonde.com I - 2010: a pivotal year for sustainable development at Maisons du Monde Set up in 1996 by its founder and CEO Xavier Marie, the young, dynamic company Maisons du Monde has been steadily growing ever since. With a generous range of interior decoration items (over 1600 articles of furniture and numerous developments every year), Maisons du Monde is a key player on the furniture and decoration market. An ongoing challenge, constantly renewed collections, inspired by current trends and ideas, and offering a widely affordable range of decoration. The year 2010 marked a turning point for Maisons du Monde, when the company brought in a widely-publicized responsible purchasing policy for wood.
    [Show full text]
  • Indestructible Now Comes in Frames Taber Tests Don’T Lie
    08 14 23 2015 Indestructible now comes in frames Taber tests don’t lie. These tests, the industry standard for abrasion testing, Most doors and frames prove that the Acrovyn Doors Acrovyn® New Acrovyn® Flush Faced are much tougher than any other commercial door. Tests cannot hold up to Panel Doors Doors by Design Acrovyn® Doors were conducted in accordance See page 20 See page 16 with ASTM 4060-90 standard the abuse in using CS-10 wheels. Shown today’s facilities. are actual test photos. 1,000 Cycles Wood Veneer 1,000 Cycles Low Pressure Laminate Traditional Banded (Thermal Fused) Edged Door 15,000 Cycles Here’s what happens when you don’t choose Acrovyn® Doors. After six months of use, banded-edged wood and plastic laminate doors become unsightly messes requiring constant repair and replacement. High Pressure Laminate 28,000 Cycles ® Acrovyn Doors look great— Introducing and stay looking great! New Acrovyn® Frame Systems Designed to match Acrovyn Doors with the same legendary durability. See page 4. Acrovyn® 4000 2 3 The industry’s most durable door now has equally durable frames to match. When we developed the Acrovyn® Door, it changed the industry. Finally there was a door that could stand up to the abuse in commercial facilities. It didn’t take long before customers started to ask, “What about the frames? They get damaged, too!” That’s why we developed the new Acrovyn Frame System. This new system is composed of our durable Acrovyn sheet installed on our new steel frame built to your specifications. Durability Designed to stand up to whatever facilities dish out and perform just like our Acrovyn Doors, keeping the entire opening looking like new.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Criteria Background Paper
    Forestry* Criteria Development of Eligibility Criteria under the Climate Bonds Standard & Certification Scheme November 2018 Prepared by Dr. Christine Negra (Versant Vision LLC), Tanja Havemann (Clarmondial), Katie House (Climate Bonds Initiative), Ujala Qadir (Climate Bonds Initiative) and Chris Moore (Climate Bonds Initiative) * These Criteria also cover the conservation and restoration of non-forested land Supported by: Climate Bonds Initiative Forestry Background Document Definitions Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI): An investor-focused not-for-profit organisation, promoting large-scale investments that will deliver a global low carbon and climate resilient economy. The Initiative seeks to develop mechanisms to better align the interests of investors, industry and government so as to catalyse investments at a speed and scale sufficient to avoid dangerous climate change. Climate Bond: A climate bond is a bond used to finance – or re-finance - projects needed to address climate change. They range from wind farms and solar and hydropower plants, to rail transport and building sea walls in cities threatened by rising sea levels. Only a small portion of these bonds have been labelled as green or climate bonds by their issuers. Certified Climate Bond: A Climate Bond that is certified by the Climate Bonds Standard Board as meeting the requirements of the Climate Bonds Standard, as attested through independent verification. Climate Bonds Standard (CBS): A screening tool for investors and governments that allows them to identify green bonds where they can be confident that the funds are being used to deliver climate change solutions. This may be through climate mitigation impact and/ or climate adaptation or resilience. The CBS is made up of two parts: the parent standard (Climate Bonds Standard v2.1) and a suite of sector specific eligibility Criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Buyers Guide to Wood Fuel
    A Buyer’s Guide to Sourcing Wood Heating Fuel in the Northeastern U. S. April 2014 Funding for this publication was provided by the U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities and was developed in partnership with the Northern Forest Center and the Forest Guild. This Guide was first published in April, 2014. Introduction The wood heating market is likely to expand considerably over the next decade in the Northeastern U.S. In the face of continually rising fossil fuel heating prices, tremendous growth potential exists for larger buildings such as schools, hospitals, and even entire downtowns to be heated with woodchips. As more woodchip heating projects are proposed, decision-makers and community members typically ask three main questions: 1. How much will the fuel cost? 2. Will the supply be reliable? 3. Where specifically will the fuel come from? This document aims to answer those questions and be a helpful tool for communities involved with a woodchip heating project by providing information on the pathways and options for sourcing woodchip fuel. This guide is aimed at anyone involved with facilities considering a woodchip fuel heating system, or to anyone involved with the sourcing of woodchip fuel for an existing facility. People that heat with oil, propane, and natural gas do not typically ask their supplier where the fuel came from. People may feel no connection to fuel that comes from thousands of miles away, or that they have little control over how it was sourced. However, when energy is sourced from our own back yards, it often becomes more important to know where and how it was sourced.
    [Show full text]
  • Garcia River Forest Integrated Resource Management Plan
    Cover photograph: Garcia River, Mendocino County, California Photo by Jenny Griffin For more information about this report, please contact: The Conservation Fund Chris Kelly, California Director PO Box 5326 Larkspur, CA 94977 Suggested citation: The Conservation Fund. 2006. Garcia River Forest Integrated Resource Management Plan. Larkspur, California. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The purchase and protection of the Garcia River Forest and the collaborative development of this management plan represent the work of many individuals and organizations. In particular, we thank those who have dedicated their work over many decades to the Garcia’s forests, fish, and wildlife, including Friends of the Garcia, Garcia River Watershed Coordinator Craig Bell, Peter Dobbins, Alan Levine, Leslie and Eric Dahlhoff, John Hooper, Chuck Henderson, and Nick King. For making the acquisition possible and for guidance along the way, we thank the California State Coastal Conservancy, Wildlife Conservation Board, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, supporters of The Conservation Fund, and the previous landowner, Richard Padula. Special thanks to The Nature Conservancy for a dynamic and productive planning partnership in addition to acquisition funding. For generous support of our planning efforts, we thank the S.D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund, the Bella Vista Foundation, and the Dean Witter Foundation. For their dedication to and support of the vision of sustainable forestry and ecological vitality,
    [Show full text]
  • Integrity. Reliability. Sustainability. a Trusted Partner for Sustainable Timber Products
    Integrity. Reliability. Sustainability. A Trusted Partner for Sustainable Timber Products New Forests Timber Products Pty Ltd (NFTP) is a timber marketing company specialising in certified timber products and wood fibre markets from sustainable timber plantation estates. NFTP aims to be the supplier of choice for the marketing of hardwood and softwood woodchips and logs by connecting plantation forest managers with markets in Australasia. Our wood comes from certified plantations where our forest and plantation managers use advanced silvicultural regimes and sustainable forestry practices to produce consistent, superior quality products. New Forests Timber Products EXPERIENCE YOU CAN TRUST NFTP is part of the New Forests Group and operates NFTP was established in 2015 as the timber marketing across Australia with primary exports from the ports division of New Forests to capitalise on the growth of Burnie, Launceston, and Hobart (Tasmania), Portland and quality of the New Forests Groups’ managed (Victoria), and Albany (Western Australia). Through forest resources. close alignment with New Forests’ plantation resources and our plantation management companies, we offer With NFTP’s Marketing Director, David Evans having over reliability and quality while meeting our customers’ needs 30 years’ experience in Asia Pacific international trade, for demonstrated responsible management of our forests. specialising in the marketing of forest products and fluent in the Japanese language, he brings a wealth of industry NFTP is a wholly owned subsidiary of New Forests Pty Ltd and cultural knowledge to the New Forests team. and is backed by the experience and strength of the New Forests Group. New Forests was established in Australia New Forests has been a leader in the transition of in 2005 to manage investments in sustainable forestry.
    [Show full text]