DOCSLIB.ORG

View a Copy of This Licence, Visit

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
View a Copy of This Licence, Visit Boroni et al. Clinical Epigenetics (2020) 12:105 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-020-00899-1 RESEARCH Open Access Highly accurate skin-specific methylome analysis algorithm as a platform to screen and validate therapeutics for healthy aging Mariana Boroni1,2* , Alessandra Zonari2, Carolina Reis de Oliveira2, Kallie Alkatib2, Edgar Andres Ochoa Cruz2, Lear E. Brace2 and Juliana Lott de Carvalho2,3,4 Abstract Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) age constitutes a powerful tool to assess the molecular age and overall health status of biological samples. Recently, it has been shown that tissue-specific DNAm age predictors may present superior performance compared to the pan- or multi-tissue counterparts. The skin is the largest organ in the body and bears important roles, such as body temperature control, barrier function, and protection from external insults. As a consequence of the constant and intimate interaction between the skin and the environment, current DNAm estimators, routinely trained using internal tissues which are influenced by other stimuli, are mostly inadequate to accurately predict skin DNAm age. Results: In the present study, we developed a highly accurate skin-specific DNAm age predictor, using DNAm data obtained from 508 human skin samples. Based on the analysis of 2,266 CpG sites, we accurately calculated the DNAm age of cultured skin cells and human skin biopsies. Age estimation was sensitive to the biological age of the donor, cell passage, skin disease status, as well as treatment with senotherapeutic drugs. Conclusions: This highly accurate skin-specific DNAm age predictor constitutes a holistic tool that will be of great use in the analysis of human skin health status/molecular aging, as well as in the analysis of the potential of established and novel compounds to alter DNAm age. Keywords: Aging, Skin aging, Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Fibroblasts, Molecular clock, DNAm age algorithm Background hallmarks of aging, emerging as active areas of investiga- Aging is defined as a complex, multifactorial process asso- tion [1]. Age-related epigenetic alterations have gained ciated with functional decline of organs and tissues, lead- prominence in this context since the observation that ing to increased chances of death [1]. Currently, genomic DNA methylation (DNAm) undergoes predictable time- instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of dependent modifications, which can be explored as a proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial highly accurate method to estimate the molecular versus dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and the chronological age of human tissues [2]. altered intercellular communication are considered the Recently, additional factors beyond time have been shown to influence DNAm age, such as genetic diseases [3, 4], in- * Correspondence: [email protected] fectious diseases [5], inflammatory disorders [6, 7], and life- 1Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Division of Experimental and style factors, such as exercise and obesity [8], to cite a few. Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ DNAm data was also significantly correlated to mortality 20231-050, Brazil 2OneSkin Technologies, San Francisco, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Boroni et al. Clinical Epigenetics (2020) 12:105 Page 2 of 16 risk [9]. Therefore, DNAm has evolved from a chrono- Results logical age estimation tool to an indicator of overall health. Dataset description Cellular senescence is an evolving concept and is cur- The utilized workflow is depicted in Additional File 1– rently defined as a cellular state characterized by four Fig S1. For the algorithm development, we analyzed pre- main aspects: an irreversible cell-cycle arrest, an inflam- viously published DNAm data of human skin biopsies, matory senescence-associated secretory phenotype retrieved from three datasets. The specific datasets, (SASP), macromolecular damage (DNA, protein and GSE51954, E-MTAB-4385, GSE90124, are available in lipid damage), and altered metabolism [10]. Other as- public databanks (GEO and ArrayExpress) and each pects attributed to senescent cells include apoptosis re- comprise epigenetic data, as well as additional informa- sistance, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, tion about the analyzed samples, i.e., origin tissue, donor and morphological alterations. Even though cellular sen- sex, and chronological age (18–95 years old). A total of escence and organismal aging are not synonymous, re- 508 samples (40 derived from the dermis, 146 from the cent data supports the fact that DNAm aging observed epidermis, and 322 samples derived from whole skin tis- in vivo also occurs in vitro in senescent cell cultures sue) were interrogated for whole-genome methylation (e.g., mammalian cell cultures) in a highly reproducible levels by more than 450,000 CpG probes per sample. pattern [11, 12]. Indeed, DNAm of cultured cells can be The main characteristics of the cohort are described in used to predict cellular passage, regardless of donor Additional File 2–Supplementary Table S1. chronological age [13]. In this context, even though the mechanism by which cellular passage and time promote Data normalization and pre-selection of features DNAm alterations in cells/tissues has not been clarified, Each dataset was individually processed for quality con- a few functional correlations between DNA methylation trol and merged for preprocessing in order to build a and phenotype have been described. For instance, as machine learning algorithm able to accurately predict shown by Xie et al. [14], during replicative cellular sen- DNAm age. After normalizing all datasets by quantile escence, hypermethylation occurs mainly in promoter (Additional File 3–Fig S2), we obtained a homogeneous sites of genes responsible for cellular biosynthesis and dataset with 397,598 probes. metabolism regulation, promoting, or at least favoring, a We then removed 1720 cross-reactive probes [20]and gradual decrease of biosynthetic processes observed in 26,490 probes which were not present in the new version senescent cells. Importantly, not only epigenetic alterations of the EPIC array. Probes targeting sex chromosomes were are shared between cellular senescence and organismal also removed, resulting in 369,388 probes. A feature selec- aging but also other molecular and phenotypic aspects, in- tion step was performed to reduce the dimensionality of cluding telomere attrition and slower renewal rate [2]. our dataset using a package as a wrapper for three differ- These findings fuel the current perception that cellular sen- ent algorithms implementations (Additional File 4–Fig escence is a good model to be investigated in aging studies. S3). Since the number of features is much greater than the The possibility to study aging in vitro initiates the oppor- samples in our dataset (the curse of dimensionality), this tunity to apply DNAm age as a parameter to screen and/or is an important step to reduce a model’s overfitting, i.e., validate potential investigational senotherapeutic com- highly accurate on training data but poor generalization pounds, defined as molecules targeting senescent cells, ei- on unseen test data, while improving its accuracy if a ther by promoting their death (senolytics), or altering the proper feature' subset is chosen [21]. By reducing the senescence status (senomorphics) [15]. complexity of a model, we also reduce the time of training. DNAm aging has been characterized in numerous tis- Each different algorithm ranked the 369,388 probes ac- sues, including the skin [16]. Nevertheless, perhaps due to cording to their importance to predict the sample’sage. the high influence of environmental factors on skin aging The wrapper also ranked the probes according to the [17], the pan-tissue algorithm developed to estimate tissue union-importance, which was calculated considering the aging failed to accurately calculate the chronological age results of the three algorithms together. We first retrieved of cultured fibroblasts [2]. Also, phenotypic skin analysis the top 100 probes ranked according to each different al- failed to relate to blood DNAm age [18]. In recognition of gorithm and the top 2000 probes ranked according to the the limited accuracy of the pan-tissue estimator of DNAm union-importance. We also added-up the top 400 probes age, Horvath
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of California, San Diego
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The post-terminal differentiation fate of RNAs revealed by next-generation sequencing A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences by Gloria Kuo Lefkowitz Committee in Charge: Professor Benjamin D. Yu, Chair Professor Richard Gallo Professor Bruce A. Hamilton Professor Miles F. Wilkinson Professor Eugene Yeo 2012 Copyright Gloria Kuo Lefkowitz, 2012 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Gloria Kuo Lefkowitz is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2012 iii DEDICATION Ma and Ba, for your early indulgence and support. Matt and James, for choosing more practical callings. Roy, my love, for patiently sharing the ups and downs of this journey. iv EPIGRAPH It is foolish to tear one's hair in grief, as though sorrow would be made less by baldness. ~Cicero v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page .............................................................................................................. iii Dedication ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Invitrogen Lentiarray Human CRISPR Library, 96-Well Plate User Guide
    USER GUIDE Invitrogen™ LentiArray™ Human CRISPR Library, 96-well Plate Catalog Numbers A31931, A31932, A31933, A31934, A31935, A31936, A31937, A31938, A31939, A31940, A31941, A31942, A31943, A31944, A31945, A31946, A31947, A31948, and A31949 Doc. Part No. 100044720 Pub. No. MAN0016075 Rev. B WARNING! Read the Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) and follow the handling instructions. Wear appropriate protective eyewear, clothing, and gloves. Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) are available from thermofisher.com/support. Product description Invitrogen™ LentiArray™ Human CRISPR libraries consist of pre-defined collection of gene families for functional genomics screening in an arrayed format. Each library targets a subset of human genes with up to 4 sequence-verified distinct lentiviral gRNA constructs per gene, pooled in a single well in a 96-well format. The gRNAs are based on the latest research on gRNA design. The gRNAs included in the LentiArray™ libraries are designed to knockout all known isoforms of the target genes and are selected for maximum knockout efficiency without sacrificing specificity. Characteristic Description Product Invitrogen™ LentiArray™ Human CRISPR Lentivirus Library (see Table 1, for details) Amount 4 aliquots of 50 µL/well per gene target (200 µL total per gene target) Viral titer • Libraries are delivered with a range of average titer between 2×107–2×108 TU/mL by puromycin antibiotic selection. • We recommend using 1×108 TU/mL for starting MOI calculations, see “MOI determination for screens“ on page 2 for additional guidance. Lentiviral map • gRNA expression is driven by a U6 promoter. • Includes puromycin resistance gene to allow selection of transduced cells. Plate layout • Refer to the associated PDF file for the plate map of the specific LentiArray™ Human CRISPR library and to the associated Excel files for gRNA target information.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Influences on Endothelial Gene Expression
    ENDOTHELIAL CELL GENE EXPRESSION John Matthew Jeff Herbert Supervisors: Prof. Roy Bicknell and Dr. Victoria Heath PhD thesis University of Birmingham August 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Tumour angiogenesis is a vital process in the pathology of tumour development and metastasis. Targeting markers of tumour endothelium provide a means of targeted destruction of a tumours oxygen and nutrient supply via destruction of tumour vasculature, which in turn ultimately leads to beneficial consequences to patients. Although current anti -angiogenic and vascular targeting strategies help patients, more potently in combination with chemo therapy, there is still a need for more tumour endothelial marker discoveries as current treatments have cardiovascular and other side effects. For the first time, the analyses of in-vivo biotinylation of an embryonic system is performed to obtain putative vascular targets. Also for the first time, deep sequencing is applied to freshly isolated tumour and normal endothelial cells from lung, colon and bladder tissues for the identification of pan-vascular-targets. Integration of the proteomic, deep sequencing, public cDNA libraries and microarrays, delivers 5,892 putative vascular targets to the science community.
    [Show full text]
  • RNA Isolation and Purification for Every Sample, RNA Type, and Application Isolate and Purify RNA with Confidence
    RNA isolation and purification For every sample, RNA type, and application Isolate and purify RNA with confidence RNA isolation is a crucial step in your quest to understand gene expression levels. With all the solutions that Thermo Fisher Scientific has to offer, you can be confident that you’re getting started on the right foot. Go ahead and push the limits of your research. We’ll be there to support you with robust RNA purification kits, trusted RNA tools, and experienced technical support, all backed by nearly 30 years of leadership and innovation in RNA technologies. • Isolate from any sample type, for any application • Obtain high-purity, intact RNA • Achieve high yields, even from small sample quantities Contents Methods of RNA isolation 4 RNA and sample types 5 RNA applications 6 Organic RNA extraction 8 Spin column RNA extraction 10 Lysate-based RNA extraction 11 Automated RNA purification 12 Transcriptome purification 14 mRNA purification 15 MicroRNA and small RNA purification 16 Viral RNA purification 18 RNA from FFPE samples 20 RNA isolation technology guide 22 Avoiding RNA degradation 26 Tips for handling RNA 27 RNA quantitation 28 Gene expression solutions 30 Gene expression research considerations 31 Superior cDNA synthesis for any application 32 Complete kit with flexible priming options 33 Which instrument fits your needs? 34 Which thermal cycler or PCR instrument fits your needs? 35 RNA technical resources 36 Services and support 37 Ordering information 38 Methods of RNA isolation For every application, sample, and RNA type For over three decades, our scientists have developed and professional support. Our RNA isolation products innovative and robust RNA isolation products designed include organic reagents, columns, sample lysate, and to make your job as a scientist easier.
    [Show full text]
  • Acetyl-Histone H2A-K5 Rabbit Pab
    Leader in Biomolecular Solutions for Life Science Acetyl-Histone H2A-K5 Rabbit pAb Catalog No.: A15620 Basic Information Background Catalog No. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of A15620 the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is Observed MW wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with 14kDa linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent Calculated MW histone that is a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA 14kDa tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. Category Primary antibody Applications WB, IHC, IF Cross-Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat, Other (Wide Range) Recommended Dilutions Immunogen Information WB 1:500 - 1:2000 Gene ID Swiss Prot 8329 P0C0S8 IHC 1:50 - 1:100 Immunogen IF 1:50 - 1:100 A synthetic acetylated peptide around K5 of human Histone H2A (NP_003508.1). Synonyms HIST1H2AI;H2A/c;H2AFC Contact Product Information Source Isotype Purification www.abclonal.com Rabbit IgG Affinity purification Storage Store at -20℃. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles. Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide,50% glycerol,pH7.3. Validation Data Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using Acetyl-Histone H2A-K5 antibody (A15620) at 1:1000 dilution.C2C12 cells and C6 cells were treated by TSA (1 uM) at 37℃ for 18 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomics Tech Note 5802
    proteomics tech note 5802 A Practical Approach to Proteomics Sean Taylor, Katrina Academia, Anthony Alburo, Aran Paulus, Kate Smith, and Considering all the possibilities, it is likely that any genome can Tanis Correa, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA potentially give rise to an infinite number of proteomes. Because 94547 USA proteins, not genes, are ultimately responsible for the phenotypic Since the completion of the human genome project, changes in cells and tissues, the mechanisms of disease, aging, sequencing technologies have continued to evolve, providing and environmental effects cannot be elucidated solely by tools for the rapid sequencing of most model organism studying the genome. The targets of drugs and chemicals are genomes. Associated genomic and transcriptomic data from proteins, and only through a survey of the proteome can the microarray and real-time PCR technologies have yielded associated mechanisms be understood. Most importantly, the a wealth of new information and deeper understanding of differential expression of mRNA (up or down) can capture at most biological systems. This genomic information has opened 40% of the variation of protein expression (Tian et al. 2004). up the field of proteomics, allowing the identification and The initial goal of most proteomics projects is to identify and comparison of differentially expressed proteins, from bacteria determine differential protein expression between samples. Once to humans. The accumulated data show that changes a list of differentially expressed proteins has been established, the in mRNA levels account for less than half of the relative subsequent step is to perform a detailed analysis of individual expression differences observed between associated proteins.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation Human Intervention Studies and Quantitative Models for Risk Assessment
    Molecular effects of isoflavone supplementation Human intervention studies and quantitative models for risk assessment Vera van der Velpen Thesis committee Promotors Prof. Dr Pieter van ‘t Veer Professor of Nutritional Epidemiology Wageningen University Prof. Dr Evert G. Schouten Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology and Prevention Wageningen University Co-promotors Dr Anouk Geelen Assistant professor, Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Dr Lydia A. Afman Assistant professor, Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr Jaap Keijer, Wageningen University Dr Hubert P.J.M. Noteborn, Netherlands Food en Consumer Product Safety Authority Prof. Dr Yvonne T. van der Schouw, UMC Utrecht Dr Wendy L. Hall, King’s College London This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School VLAG (Advanced studies in Food Technology, Agrobiotechnology, Nutrition and Health Sciences). Molecular effects of isoflavone supplementation Human intervention studies and quantitative models for risk assessment Vera van der Velpen Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 20 June 2014 at 13.30 p.m. in the Aula. Vera van der Velpen Molecular effects of isoflavone supplementation: Human intervention studies and quantitative models for risk assessment 154 pages PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN: 978-94-6173-952-0 ABSTRact Background: Risk assessment can potentially be improved by closely linked experiments in the disciplines of epidemiology and toxicology.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Cytomegalovirus UL141 Protein Interacts with CELF5 and Affects Viral DNA Replication
    MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 17: 4657-4664, 2018 Human cytomegalovirus UL141 protein interacts with CELF5 and affects viral DNA replication FEI ZOU1,2*, ZHI-TAO LU3*, SHUANG WANG1, SI WU1, YING-YING WU1 and ZHENG-RONG SUN1 1Department of BioBank, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004; 2Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021; 3Department of Pediatrics, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China Received June 14, 2017; Accepted January 5, 2018 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8419 Abstract. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the regulation of HCMV genomic DNA synthesis, which is a key primary viral cause of congenital abnormalities and mental step during HCMV infection leading to neurological disease. retardation in newborns. The HCMV UL141-encoded glyco- protein has been previously revealed to inhibit the cell-surface Introduction expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)155, CD122, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus (TRAIL)-receptor 1 (R1) and TRAIL-receptor 2 (R2), thus with infection rate of ~50-80% in females of reproductive age protecting virally-infected cells by allowing them to escape from different regions of the world, including Australia, Canada, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The present study United States, Sweden, Finland, Spain, United Kingdom and investigated the interaction between HCMV UL141 and Ghana (1). Following an HCMV infection, the primary clinical human fetal brain cDNA to elucidate the possible effects of manifestations in healthy people are asymptomatic reces- UL141 on the nervous system. The findings of the current sive or latent infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Wide Screen of Cell-Cycle Regulators in Normal and Tumor Cells
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/060350; this version posted June 23, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Genome-wide screen of cell-cycle regulators in normal and tumor cells identifies a differential response to nucleosome depletion Maria Sokolova1, Mikko Turunen1, Oliver Mortusewicz3, Teemu Kivioja1, Patrick Herr3, Anna Vähärautio1, Mikael Björklund1, Minna Taipale2, Thomas Helleday3 and Jussi Taipale1,2,* 1Genome-Scale Biology Program, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. 2Science for Life laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE- 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Science for Life laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden To identify cell cycle regulators that enable cancer cells to replicate DNA and divide in an unrestricted manner, we performed a parallel genome-wide RNAi screen in normal and cancer cell lines. In addition to many shared regulators, we found that tumor and normal cells are differentially sensitive to loss of the histone genes transcriptional regulator CASP8AP2. In cancer cells, loss of CASP8AP2 leads to a failure to synthesize sufficient amount of histones in the S-phase of the cell cycle, resulting in slowing of individual replication forks. Despite this, DNA replication fails to arrest, and tumor cells progress in an elongated S-phase that lasts several days, finally resulting in death of most of the affected cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Biodefense Ivds Is Still a Priority John Conroy
    Beyond Clinical Applications Developing biodefense IVDs is still a priority John Conroy In a scary world, nonclinical diagnostic testing spies a few challenges and many opportunities. s anthrax scares go, this one had that false alerts have become a fact of 1 Environmental and biowarfare. The as benign a beginning and ending life for lawmakers and their staffs. "We report noted that new technologies A as possible in today's terror- get a few of these a day," the spokesman have emerged since the 9/11 attacks to obsessed world. A New York City mu- told the Houston Chronicle. improve the detection, prevention, and sician who returned from Africa in As these stories attest, challenges and surveillance of bioterrorist attacks. February with unprocessed animal skins opportunities abound for IVD firms in a These technologies include rapid tests tested positive for anthrax. The 44-year- world where infectious diseases and for smallpox, anthrax, and salmonella, old man bought the skins, which con- bioterrorism agents are just a plane as well as improved vaccines and in- tained anthrax spores, to make tradi- flight, mail drop, cargo dock, or car ride formation-awareness networks to ex- tional African drums, authorities said. away. Market applications include tests pedite tracking the symptoms of chem- Complaining of flu-like symptoms, the for biodefense, avian flu, West Nile ical and biological events. musician collapsed while on tour with virus, food, animals and pets, water qual- his dance troupe in Pennsylvania, where ity, and genetically modified food. Test- • Food microbiology. In 2003, the glob- he was hospitalized. ing formats include ELISA, rapid later- al market for food microbiology tests Notable for their slightly more prosa- al-flow technology, and real-time was an estimated $864 million with an ic origins, similar stories of viral, toxic, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts from the 50Th European Society of Human Genetics Conference: Electronic Posters
    European Journal of Human Genetics (2019) 26:820–1023 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-018-0248-6 ABSTRACT Abstracts from the 50th European Society of Human Genetics Conference: Electronic Posters Copenhagen, Denmark, May 27–30, 2017 Published online: 1 October 2018 © European Society of Human Genetics 2018 The ESHG 2017 marks the 50th Anniversary of the first ESHG Conference which took place in Copenhagen in 1967. Additional information about the event may be found on the conference website: https://2017.eshg.org/ Sponsorship: Publication of this supplement is sponsored by the European Society of Human Genetics. All authors were asked to address any potential bias in their abstract and to declare any competing financial interests. These disclosures are listed at the end of each abstract. Contributions of up to EUR 10 000 (ten thousand euros, or equivalent value in kind) per year per company are considered "modest". Contributions above EUR 10 000 per year are considered "significant". 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: E-P01 Reproductive Genetics/Prenatal and fetal echocardiography. The molecular karyotyping Genetics revealed a gain in 8p11.22-p23.1 region with a size of 27.2 Mb containing 122 OMIM gene and a loss in 8p23.1- E-P01.02 p23.3 region with a size of 6.8 Mb containing 15 OMIM Prenatal diagnosis in a case of 8p inverted gene. The findings were correlated with 8p inverted dupli- duplication deletion syndrome cation deletion syndrome. Conclusion: Our study empha- sizes the importance of using additional molecular O¨. Kırbıyık, K. M. Erdog˘an, O¨.O¨zer Kaya, B. O¨zyılmaz, cytogenetic methods in clinical follow-up of complex Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Superscript® III Platinum® SYBR® Green
    Page 4 Troubleshooting Guide Problem Possible Cause Solution ® ® ® No amplification product; cDNA synthesis temperature too Lower incubation temperature. SuperScript III Platinum SYBR Green One-Step qRT-PCR Kit Relative fluorescent high, low priming efficiency Cat. no. 11736-051 Size: 100 reactions signal ≤ background or RT or cDNA primer blocked by Raise incubation temperature. Redesign primer(s). Cat. no. 11736-059 Size: 500 reactions no-template control secondary structure RNA has been damaged/degraded Replace RNA if necessary. Store at -20°C RNase contamination Maintain aseptic conditions; add RNase inhibitor. Description Poor sensitivity Not enough template RNA Increase concentration of template RNA; use 10 ng–1 μg total RNA. The SuperScript® III Platinum® SYBR® Green One-Step qRT-PCR kit a one-step quantitative RT-PCR kit for the detection and Product detected at RNA has been damaged/degraded Replace RNA if necessary. quantification of RNA using real-time detection instruments. This system combines SuperScript® III Reverse Transcriptase higher than expected RNase contamination Maintain aseptic conditions; add RNase inhibitor. ® ® cycle number (RT) and Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase in a single enzyme mix, with SYBR Green I fluorescent dye in a separate 2X RT inhibitors are present in RNA Remove inhibitors in the RNA preparation by an additional 70% reaction mix. Both cDNA synthesis and PCR are performed in a single tube using gene-specific primers and either total RNA ethanol wash. Inhibitors of RT include SDS, EDTA, guanidium or mRNA. Reagents are provided for 100 or 500 amplification reactions of 50 μl each. salts, formamide, sodium phosphate and spermidine. Inefficient cDNA synthesis Adjust cDNA synthesis temperature and/or primer design.
    [Show full text]