DOCSLIB.ORG

Draft Wildlife Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Draft Wildlife Report Motorized Travel Management Project Draft Wildlife Report Prepared by Ann Glidden, Wildlife Biologist For Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest March15, 2016 Travel management proposed actions include: • Road closures- (Maintenance level 1 roads (ML1) closed to all motorized use, unauthorized closed): Forest roads considered in this document are generally narrower, lower traffic volume roads compared to the highways and large roads in the literature, thus road effects will be less intense. Also, no new roads are proposed as a result of the travel management alternative. The proposed action closes the forest to cross-country travel and closes maintenance level 1 (ML1) roads and unauthorized roads to all motorized traffic. Therefore, the proposed action will result in improved conditions for wildlife compared to the current condition. • Closure of areas to cross-country travel: Another action being analyzed is the closure to cross-country motorized use across the Forest. The only exceptions are the two existing motorized use areas- Moon Rocks and Fun Rocks on the Naches District, where off-road motorized use would be allowed to continue. • Corridors to access dispersed camping: Designating motorized access to dispersed camping is another action being analyzed. Currently, public motor vehicle travel is not prohibited off designated routes, except where prohibited by temporary restrictions or by the Okanogan National Forest Travel Plan Map (April, 2005), which identifies the current road, trail and area management for motor vehicles, identifies specific areas where seasonal and other restrictions for motorized use are in place for resource protection. However, on the Okanogan portion of the Forest, direct access to temporary campsites within 300’ of designated routes is permitted, even where off-route travel is prohibited. In the alternatives, access for dispersed camping will be by designation of corridors for motorized access to dispersed camping along open system roads, using existing non- system routes only. • Authorization of WATV use on 350 miles of National Forest System Roads that are currently open to motorized use. These actions do not involve any ground disturbance or vegetation management Overall, the effects of the travel management proposals are beneficial to wildlife, because they result in a reduction in access. Assumptions • Enforcement will occur, and recreationists will generally be law-abiding. • Removal of snags as hazard trees would not occur within corridors. • Corridors for access to dispersed camping are already in use, and would not receive significant additional use. Mitigation measures would be implemented if monitoring finds this assumption is incorrect. • Maintenance level 1 roads are managed as open to motorized use on the Methow Valley and Tonasket Ranger Districts, and managed as closed on the rest of the forest. This analysis assumes that all ML 1 roads receive some level of motorized use, which overstates the effects of closing them. • Seasonal restrictions would be in place as designated in the Okanogan Forest Plan (1989) and the Wenatchee Forest Plan (1990). • Authorizing WATV use on 350 miles of NFS roads would not change the traffic volume measurably, and therefore would not change animal response to the roads. Additional disturbance, displacement, avoidance of suitable habitat, hunting, trapping, poaching, mortality from collisions, firewood gathering or other negative effects due to road use is not expected to occur as a result of authorization of WATV use. This component of the project will not be discussed further. Mitigation • Presence of a listed species may require mitigation such as timing restrictions or corridor closure, and possibly reinitiation of consultation with USFWS. 2 Regulatory Framework General Guidelines- (see individual sections below in this report for guidelines applicable to single species). National Forest Management Act (NFMA) NFMA requires the Forest Service to manage fish and wildlife habitat to maintain viable populations of all native and desirable non-native wildlife species and conserve all listed threatened or endangered species populations (36CFR219.19). Sensitive species and Management Indicator Species (MIS) are identified to meet requirements of this act. The Wenatchee Forest Plan requires that sensitive species be identified and managed in cooperation with the Washington Department of Wildlife (now Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) and that inventories be completed where proposed projects may disturb habitat. The Okanogan Forest Plan directs the forest to protect sensitive species. Endangered Species Act (ESA) ESA requires the Forest Service to manage for the recovery of threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems upon which they depend. Forests are required to consult with the US Fish and Wildlife Service if a proposed activity may affect the population or habitat of a listed species. This includes any activities funded, authorized or carried out by the agency. Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) MBTA established an international framework for the protection and conservation of migratory birds. This Act makes it illegal, unless permitted by regulations, to pursue, hunt, take, capture, purchase, deliver for shipment, ship, cause to be carried by any means whatever, receive for shipment, transportation or carriage, or export, at any time, or in any manner, any migratory bird . Under the provisions of the MBTA, the unauthorized take of migratory birds is a criminal offense, even if it is unintentional. Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plans establish standards, guidelines and priorities for each forest and for individual management areas. Dead and Defective Tree Habitat Forest-wide guidance for dead and defective tree habitat is included in both plans. The Okanogan Forest Land and Resource Management Plan requires that dead tree habitat be managed to maintain primary excavator population to at least 60%-100% of biological potential, depending on management area. The Wenatchee Land and Resource Management Plan requires that all decay classes of dead and down trees are provided for (an average of not less than two dead and down tree segments per acre well distributed over the area) and that the same level of soft dead trees and large down trees as would be naturally created by the population goal for dead trees be maintained. In Management Area SI-2 (classified areas, other), the Plan requires that primary cavity excavators be managed at 100 percent of the potential population level where snags do not pose threats to historical structures, features, facilities, or visitors. Wenatchee Forest Plan Standards and Guidelines that apply to this project and wildlife species include: • maintain or enhance limited habitats to provide the habitat characteristics for dependent species and • road related activities need to be sensitive to changes in the aquatic environment; The current Wenatchee and Okanogan Land and Resource Management Plans were amended to include additional direction to maintain the quality of aquatic and riparian habitats. The Aquatic Conservation Strategy (ACS), as part of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP; USDA 1994) was applied to the Wenatchee and a portion of the Okanogan National 3 Forests. The Pacific Salmon Fisheries Strategy (PACFISH; USDA 1994) was added to the portion of the Okanogan that supports anadromous fisheries. The remainder of the Okanogan Forest was amended by the Inland Native Fish Strategy (INFISH; USDA 1995), which provided similar direction for native non-anadromous fisheries. These are discussed below. Raptor Nests 6-11 The Okanogan National Forest and the Wenatchee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plans protect raptor nests from some site-disturbing activities. Special and Unique Habitats Wenatchee Forest Plan recognizes the need to protect special habitats including, cliffs and rims, ponds, marshes, caves, and springs. Threatened and Endangered Species For the Okanogan National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan: 6-17: Threatened and endangered species shall be managed according to recovery plans and coordinated with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife. 6-18: Consultation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will occur when threatened and endangered species may be affected by resource proposals. The Wenatchee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan direction is to manage critical wildlife habitat to improve status of threatened and endangered species. Where a species or suitable habitat is present, the Biological Assessment Process and Consultation Procedures must be followed. Species shall be managed to achieve recovery plan objectives. Old Growth Habitats Objectives of the Wenatchee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan are to conserve enough old growth habitat to provide adequate distribution for biological diversity, plant and animal habitats and aesthetic values. Non- compatible activities should be relocated outside the old growth prescription. The goal for management prescription OG-2 (mature habitats) is to manage for mature to old growth habitat for wildlife and plant species dependent on this habitat. Indicator species for this habitat are martens, northern three-toed woodpeckers, and pileated woodpeckers. The Northwest Forest Plan amended both these documents, and established Late-Successional Reserves in areas of areas of late/old forest. Northwest Forest Plan Record of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Guide to the Birds of Barrow Island
    A Guide to the Birds of Barrow Island Operated by Chevron Australia This document has been printed by a Sustainable Green Printer on stock that is certified carbon in joint venture with neutral and is Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) mix certified, ensuring fibres are sourced from certified and well managed forests. The stock 55% recycled (30% pre consumer, 25% post- Cert no. L2/0011.2010 consumer) and has an ISO 14001 Environmental Certification. ISBN 978-0-9871120-1-9 Gorgon Project Osaka Gas | Tokyo Gas | Chubu Electric Power Chevron’s Policy on Working in Sensitive Areas Protecting the safety and health of people and the environment is a Chevron core value. About the Authors Therefore, we: • Strive to design our facilities and conduct our operations to avoid adverse impacts to human health and to operate in an environmentally sound, reliable and Dr Dorian Moro efficient manner. • Conduct our operations responsibly in all areas, including environments with sensitive Dorian Moro works for Chevron Australia as the Terrestrial Ecologist biological characteristics. in the Australasia Strategic Business Unit. His Bachelor of Science Chevron strives to avoid or reduce significant risks and impacts our projects and (Hons) studies at La Trobe University (Victoria), focused on small operations may pose to sensitive species, habitats and ecosystems. This means that we: mammal communities in coastal areas of Victoria. His PhD (University • Integrate biodiversity into our business decision-making and management through our of Western Australia)
    [Show full text]
  • House Crow E V
    No. 2/2008 nimal P A e l s a t n A o l i e t 1800 084 881 r a t N Animal Pest Alert F reecall House Crow E V I The House Crow (Corvus splendens) T is also known as the Indian, Grey- A necked, Ceylon or Colombo Crow. It is not native to Australia but has been transported here on numerous occasions on ships. The T N House Crow has signifi cant potential to establish O populations in Australia and become a pest, so it is important to report any found in the wild. NOTN NATIVE PHOTO: PETRI PIETILAINEN E Australian Raven V I T A N Adult Immature PHOTO: DUNCAN ASHER / ALAMY PHOTO: IAN MONTGOMERY Please report all sightings of House Crows – Freecall 1800 084 881 House Crow nimal P A e l s a t n A o l i e t 1800 084 881 r a Figure 1. The distribution of the House Crow including natural t N (blue) and introduced (red) populations. F reecall Description Distribution The House Crow is 42 to 44 cm in length (body and tail). It has The House Crow is well-known throughout much of its black plumage that appears glossy with a metallic greenish natural range. It occurs in central Asia from southern coastal blue-purple sheen on the forehead, crown, throat, back, Iran through Pakistan, India, Tibet, Myanmar and Thailand to wings and tail. In contrast, the nape, neck and lower breast southern China (Figure 1). It also occurs in Sri Lanka and on are paler in colour (grey tones) and not glossed (Figure 3).
    [Show full text]
  • Square Kilometre Array Ecological Assessment Commercial-In-Confidence
    AECOM SKA Ecological Assessment A Square Kilometre Array Ecological Assessment Commercial-in-Confidence Appendix A Conservation Categories G:\60327857 - SKA EcologicalSurvey\8. Issued Docs\8.1 Reports\Ecological Assessment\60327857-SKA Ecological Report_Rev0.docx Revision 0 – 28-Nov-2014 Prepared for – Department of Industry – ABN: 74 599 608 295 AECOM SKA Ecological Assessment A-1 Square Kilometre Array Ecological Assessment Commercial-in-Confidence Appendix A Conservation Categories G:\60327857 - SKA EcologicalSurvey\8. Issued Docs\8.1 Reports\Ecological Assessment\60327857-SKA Ecological Report_Rev0.docx Revision 0 – 28-Nov-2014 Prepared for – Department of Industry – ABN: 74 599 608 295 Definitions of Threatened and Priority Flora Species 1 Appendix A – Conservation Categories 1.1 Western Australia Plants and animals that are considered threatened and need to be specially protected because they are under identifiable threat of extinction are listed under the Wildlife Conservation Act (WC Act). These categories are defined in Table 1. Any species identified as Threatened under the WC Act is assigned a threat category using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categories and criteria. Species that have not yet been adequately surveyed to warrant being listed under Schedule 1 or 2 are added to the Priority Flora or Fauna Lists under Priority 1, 2 or 3. Species that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list for other than taxonomic reasons, are placed in Priority 4 and require regular monitoring. Conservation Dependent species and ecological communities are placed in Priority 5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Australian Raven (Corvus Coronoides) in Metropolitan Perth
    Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses : Honours Theses 1997 Some aspects of the ecology of an urban Corvid : The Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides) in metropolitan Perth P. J. Stewart Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons Part of the Ornithology Commons Recommended Citation Stewart, P. J. (1997). Some aspects of the ecology of an urban Corvid : The Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides) in metropolitan Perth. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/295 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/295 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Vocal Characteristics and Call Variation in the Australian Corvids
    72 AUSTRALIAN FIELD ORNITHOLOGY 2005, 22, 72-82 Some Vocal Characteristics and Call Variation in the Australian Corvids CLARE LAWRENCE School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 (Email: [email protected]) Summary Some vocal characteristics and call variation in the Australian crows and ravens were studied by sonagraphic analysis of tape-recorded calls. The species grouped according to mean maximum emphasised frequency (Australian Raven Corvus coronoides, Forest Raven C. tasmanicus and Torresian Crow C. orru with lower-freq_uency calls, versus Little Raven C. mellori and Little Crow C. bennetti with higher-frequency calls). The Australian Raven had significantly longer syllables than the other species, but there were no significant interspecific differences in intersyllable length. Calls of Southern C.t. tasmanicus and Northern Forest Ravens C.t. boreus did not differ significantly in any measured character, except for normalised syllable length (phrases with the long terminal note excluded). Northern Forest Ravens had longer normalised syllables than Tasmanian birds; Victorian birds were intermediate. No evidence was found for dialects or regional variation within Tasmania, and calls from the mainland clustered with those from Tasmania. Introduction Owing largely to the definitive work of Rowley (1967, 1970, 1973a, 1974), the diagnostic calls of the Australian crows and ravens Corvus spp. are well known in descriptive terms. The most detailed studies, with sonagraphic analyses, have been on the Australian Raven C. coronoides and Little Raven C. mellori (Rowley 1967; Fletcher 1988; Jurisevic 1999). The calls of the Torresian Crow C. orru and Little Crow C. bennetti have been described (Curry 1978; Debus 1980a, 1982), though without sonagraphic analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Field Characters of Little and Torresian Crows in Central Western Australia. by PETER J
    December ] CURRY: Field Characters of Crows 265 1978 (Wheelwright, H. W.) An Old Bushman 1861. Bush Wanderings of a Naturalist. London. Routledge, Warne and Routledge. Whittell, H . M., 1954. The Literature of Australian Birds. Perth. Paterson Brokensha. Wilson, Edward, 1858. On the Introduction of the British Song Bird. Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria 2, 77-88. Wilson, Edward, 1860. Letter to the Times, 22 September, 1860. (ZOOLOGICAL AND) ACCLIMATISATION SOCIETY OF VICTORIA 1861-1951 Papers (mostly minutes and reports) Vols. 1-13 (Xerox copies in library of Monash University, Clayton, Victoria). 1861-7. Annual reports, Answers to enquiries, report of dinner, rules and objects, etc. (Bound in Victorian pamphlets, nos. 32, 36, 49, 60 and 129 in LaTrobe Library, State Library of Victoria. 1872-8. Proceedings and reports of Annual Meetings, Vols. 1-5. On the Field Characters of Little and Torresian Crows in Central Western Australia. By PETER J. CURRY, 29 Canning Mills Road Kelmscott, W.A., 6111. The Little Crow Corvus bennetti and the Torresian Crow C. orru are evidently sympatric over a large part of northern and cen­ tral Australia and are notoriously difficult to separate in the field. Over their respective ranges, morphological similarities and indivi­ dual variation in size are such that some individuals are extremely difficult to identify even in the hand (Rowley, 1970). Despite various recent references which draw attention to the importance of call-notes and habits in field identification (Rowley, 1973; Readers' Digest, 1976), published information on the subject has generally been very brief. The notes which follow r~sult from field observations made in the Wiluna region of central Western Australia, during eighteen months of almost daily contact with both species.
    [Show full text]
  • Corvidae Species Tree
    Corvidae I Red-billed Chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Pyrrhocoracinae =Pyrrhocorax Alpine Chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus Ratchet-tailed Treepie, Temnurus temnurus Temnurus Black Magpie, Platysmurus leucopterus Platysmurus Racket-tailed Treepie, Crypsirina temia Crypsirina Hooded Treepie, Crypsirina cucullata Rufous Treepie, Dendrocitta vagabunda Crypsirininae ?Sumatran Treepie, Dendrocitta occipitalis ?Bornean Treepie, Dendrocitta cinerascens Gray Treepie, Dendrocitta formosae Dendrocitta ?White-bellied Treepie, Dendrocitta leucogastra Collared Treepie, Dendrocitta frontalis ?Andaman Treepie, Dendrocitta bayleii ?Common Green-Magpie, Cissa chinensis ?Indochinese Green-Magpie, Cissa hypoleuca Cissa ?Bornean Green-Magpie, Cissa jefferyi ?Javan Green-Magpie, Cissa thalassina Cissinae ?Sri Lanka Blue-Magpie, Urocissa ornata ?White-winged Magpie, Urocissa whiteheadi Urocissa Red-billed Blue-Magpie, Urocissa erythroryncha Yellow-billed Blue-Magpie, Urocissa flavirostris Taiwan Blue-Magpie, Urocissa caerulea Azure-winged Magpie, Cyanopica cyanus Cyanopica Iberian Magpie, Cyanopica cooki Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus Perisoreinae Sichuan Jay, Perisoreus internigrans Perisoreus Gray Jay, Perisoreus canadensis White-throated Jay, Cyanolyca mirabilis Dwarf Jay, Cyanolyca nanus Black-throated Jay, Cyanolyca pumilo Silvery-throated Jay, Cyanolyca argentigula Cyanolyca Azure-hooded Jay, Cyanolyca cucullata Beautiful Jay, Cyanolyca pulchra Black-collared Jay, Cyanolyca armillata Turquoise Jay, Cyanolyca turcosa White-collared Jay, Cyanolyca viridicyanus
    [Show full text]
  • WORLD LIST Updated 28 June 2019 Bird-Window Collision Species
    1305 species WORLD LIST Updated 28 June 2019 Bird-window Collision Species Family scientific name Common name Genus Species 1 Tinamidae Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus 2 Cracidae Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor 3 Plain Chachalaca Ortalis vetula 4 Grey-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps 5 Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata 6 Odontophoridae Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus 7 Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus 8 Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus 9 Elegant Quail Callipepla douglasii 10 Gambel's Quail Callipepla gambelii 11 California Quail Callipepla californica 12 Spotted Wood-quail Odontophorus guttatus 13 Phasianidae Common Quail Coturnix coturnix 14 Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica 15 Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei 16 Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis 17 Brown Quail Synoicus ypsilophorus 18 Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca 19 Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara 20 Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa 21 Chinese Bamboo-partridge Bambusicola thoracicus 22 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 23 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 24 Grey Partridge Perdix perdix 25 Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 26 Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus 27 Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia 28 Willow Grouse Lagopus lagopus 29 Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta 30 Spruce Grouse Falcipennis canadensis 31 Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus 32 Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix 33 Anatidae Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis 34 Pink-eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus 35 Black Swan Cygnus atratus 36 Mute Swan Cygnus olor 37 Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons 38
    [Show full text]
  • Aboriginal Bird Names- South Australia
    October, 1955 THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST 91 ABORIGINAL BIRD NAMES - SOUTH AUSTRALIA Part Two By H. T. CONDON, S.A. Museum WELCOME SWALLOW thindriethindrie, Dieri (Gason) Hirundo neoxena titjeritjera, Aranda (C. Strehlow) . ioisjililki, Ngadj uri (Berndt & Vogels.) duioara, Narangga (Tindale) yerrellyerra, Aranda (Willshire) Ooon-gilga, "Central Australia" (Bates) Most of these names are onomatopaeic. koolgeelga, Kokata (Sullivan) menmenengkuri, 'Narrinyeri' (Taplin) RESTLESS FLYCATCHER mulya mulyayapunie, Dieri (Cason) warrakka, Pangkala (Schurmann) Seisura inquieta worraga, KokatajWirangu (Sullivan) didideilja (or) ditidilja, Narangga (Tindale) The following -names probably refer to this djirba, Wirangu (Bates) species: khinter-khinter, Kokata/Wirangu (Sullivan) mannmanninya, Kaurna (Teich. & Schur.) miduga, Narangga (Howitt) SCARLET ROBIN Petroica multicolor WHITE·BACKED SWALLOW jupi, Ngadjuri (Berndt & Vogels.) Cheramoeca leucosterna tat-kana, Buanditj (Campbell et alia) kaldaldake, 'Narrinyeri' (Taplin) turon go, Warki (Moorhouse) worraga, KokatajWirangu (Sullivan) tuta, "Encounter Bay" (Wyatt) tuttaipitti, Kaurna (Teich. & Schur.) TREE MARTIN Hylochelidon nigricans RED·CAPPED ROBIN wireldutulduti, Wailpi (Hale & Tindale) Petroica goodenovii worraga, KokatajWirangu (Sullivan) choonda, Dieri (Gason) yukourolconi, Wailpi (Hale & Tindale) eeningee-lab-lab, Aranda '(Chewings) eeninjeelabbab (Willshire) MARTIN kummeracheeta, Wirangu (Sullivan) . Hylochelidon sp, -literally 'uncle bird' menmeneng-kuri, 'Narrinyeri' (Taplin) .malitelita, Wailpi
    [Show full text]
  • Adobe PDF, Job 6
    Noms français des oiseaux du Monde par la Commission internationale des noms français des oiseaux (CINFO) composée de Pierre DEVILLERS, Henri OUELLET, Édouard BENITO-ESPINAL, Roseline BEUDELS, Roger CRUON, Normand DAVID, Christian ÉRARD, Michel GOSSELIN, Gilles SEUTIN Éd. MultiMondes Inc., Sainte-Foy, Québec & Éd. Chabaud, Bayonne, France, 1993, 1re éd. ISBN 2-87749035-1 & avec le concours de Stéphane POPINET pour les noms anglais, d'après Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World par C. G. SIBLEY & B. L. MONROE Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1990 ISBN 2-87749035-1 Source : http://perso.club-internet.fr/alfosse/cinfo.htm Nouvelle adresse : http://listoiseauxmonde.multimania.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Bird Damage
    Managing Bird Damage Managing Bird Managing Bird Damage Bird damage is a significant problem in Australia with total to Fruit and Other Horticultural Crops damage to horticultural production estimated at nearly $300 million annually. Over 60 bird species are known to damage horticultural crops. These species possess marked differences in feeding strategies and movement patterns which influence the nature, timing and severity of the damage they cause. Reducing bird damage is difficult because of the to Fruit and Other Horticultural Crops Fruit and Other Horticultural to unpredictability of damage from year to year and a lack of information about the cost-effectiveness of commonly used management practices. Growers therefore need information on how to better predict patterns of bird movement and abundance, and simple techniques to estimate the extent of damage to guide future management investment. This book promotes the adoption of a more strategic approach to bird management including use of better techniques to reduce damage and increased cooperation between neighbours. Improved collaboration and commit- John Tracey ment from industry and government is also essential along with reconciliation of legislation and responsibilities. Mary Bomford Whilst the focus of this review is pest bird impacts on Quentin Hart horticulture, most of the issues are of relevance to pest bird Glen Saunders management in general. Ron Sinclair DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FORESTRY Managing Bird Damage Managing Bird Managing Bird Damage Bird damage is a significant problem in Australia with total to Fruit and Other Horticultural Crops damage to horticultural production estimated at nearly $300 million annually. Over 60 bird species are known to damage horticultural crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Biology and Behaviour of the Forest Raven Corvus Tasmanicus in Southern Tasmania
    Breeding Biology and Behaviour of the Forest Raven Corvus tasmanicus in southern Tasmania Clare Lawrence BSc (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, School of Zoology, University of Tasmania May 2009 This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree of diploma by the University or any other institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. Clare Lawrence Of. o6 Date Statement of Authority of Access This thesis may be available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 Clare Lawrence 0/. Date TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ABSTRACT 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 The breeding biology of birds 6 1.2 The Corvids 11 1.3 The Australian Corvids 11 1.4 Corvus tasmanicus 13 1.4.1 Identification 13 1.4.2 Distribution 13 1.4.3 Life history 15 1.4.4 Interspecific comparisons 16 1.4.5 Previous studies 17 1.5 The Forest Raven in Tasmania 18 1.6 Aims 19 2. BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE FOREST RAVEN IN SOUTHERN TASMANIA 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Methods 23 2.2.1 Study sites 23 2.2.2 Nest characteristics 28 2.2.3 Field observations 31 2.2.4 Parental care 33 2.3 Results 37 2.3.1 Nests 37 2.3.2 Nest success and productivity 42 2.3.3 Breeding season • 46 2.3.4 Parental care 52 2.4 Discussion 66 2.4.1 The nest 68 1 2.4.2 Nest success and productivity 78 2.4.3 Breeding season 82 2.4.4 Parental care 88 2.4.5 Limitations of this study 96 2.5 Conclusion 98 3.
    [Show full text]