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DARPA Technical Accomplishments. an Historical Review of Selected AD-A239 925 C 65 ,,7Ocp,, IDA PAPER P-2192 - DARPA TECHNICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SELECTED DARPA PROJECTS Volume I Sidney G. Rw"' :Richard H. Van Atta Seymour J. Deitchman February 1990 Preparedfor Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 91-08740 INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES S1801 N. Beaurgawd Street, Alexandria. Virginia 22311-1772 91 s 23 012 'Ag M"' IDA aW~ a*Uf@W Mmsq n sift t f wa dke ssdm numaia it mw(~.b)am ubcimm) atu dbsct, aL-W**g E=%J*oa md, teC&V udwIsN *pubicw~(c3 adhbwa asasthame ~f I=* awkWokadmLMAsu -tcfm ýissd by suld. passaoic W f -v %*uaUfd ftl Nubidid asdmft~ it~a MA i s mlo3otho Sip &Wi sop1f w Isa pus~a and #ams a* aIsc by ft fmuswow* Noa eAfs7 aid ulIsi "c ~MawmRob d. ad &*e ,auu by "s Pim~jt of W&A "~ 2wy mt *A.h MaOdoI scbd of Ilru PBPMI"h, pu 6 -*ummuA w Ifimi APoq aPI I "afbabmto %Wk dwn it msidm guefUs6 ONs ft)Is smi VA. pcmiw of cudp- mmo mid usosrup. (C)fuai WAO lkdul pnr.sy aid bu tSmhsoibitagg (dAbmcsrdoidsuospwdascuiAmgIa nwoul~powar(ofItvuPam kfhum1 ft Salt cat~ii ad Whundd ma. ~Iadcmstassab nmm -IAcNUe~h M90384 CQOSI1 iw *as DuaibisAMI~~~~~~~~~~ it Dbithsa Us pubkicada itkd IDA howe dom ad Wob mdnau 'by tot,Dp- IN ofiDulsema ow shsmmfUc wmbubo emvcsas~ -InsctlqVs ithlh pulAd" so *d AWKsY.j 1Fd Ppe ho bu mkiam by IDA ft VWmIt atmub the h~igh dwmaf at Iwlomumitobws.W~cgt iV zadppusNoak mailc mosdahp wst ld the.sit owseuasssa &ud ,scaiunmm is w, psepad auppastd by ts. mInIIuI. Appeasd far pubki m~u~isbmila sitdimWliad IREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMBNo. ______ hrA8* SW~d3ih~Eameef 1"gw&4 #,*r 0%*, aohr dWWw &*ip of 0" eimeaftonof keuv~. v*j aw WUi"Amp t bxn. to Wedw"In ~hrdJM,a~hr. D nrahr W o ped"84tm~ ~SW~ 4cm1~ t4k*&w. &AW1. 1 104q~. VA2~2=4Ww.~db to 06..d U .qmaimt" ftedlKd~.Ptpumuk Asdicbm Pteo.c 'Q7A.IMW.m~~0C 2nm __________________ 1. AGENCY USE CNLY (LeaVe bWakJ) 2RERT DATE 3.RPRTYPE AND DATES COVERED February 1990 FIA--October 1988-December 1989 4. TITLE AND SU7TiTLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS DARPA Technical Accomplishments C -MDA 903 840C0031 An Historlsal Review of Selected DARPA Proje.-ts Volume I 6. AUThI'JR(S) T - DARPA Assignment A-I 19 Sidney G3. Reed, Richard H. Van Atta, Seymour J. Deitchman 71.FERFORMMN OW~ANUZT-td NAME(S) =N 156RES~EW, S. PRr4RHNU ORGAUNIZAON Institute for Defense AnaiysesREOTNMR 1801 N. Beauregard Street !DA Paper P-a2192 Alexandria. VA 22311 9. SPOrJSORINGIMON111ORMfG AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. $rO'4S01UNG4AONITORING Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency AGENCY REPORT NUMSER 1400 Wlson Blvd, Ainclngor., VA 22209-2308 11 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 120L _DISTRIBUTIOtW!AVALAB5LIY STATEMENT 112b. DI~rR!9UT1ON CODE Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 1?. ABSTRACT (Maxknmm 200 W~ds) This is the first volume of a planned two-volume histMr of selected DARPA projects and programs that were undertaken from the agency's inception 10 the present day. The purpose 6f this history is to record, for projects and programs having important out1puts and for which adequate and appropriate data could be gathered, the chronological and technical histories in such a way that~(a) the influence of the projects or programs on defense and civilian technology could be traced,, anJ (b) implementation lessons could be extracted that would help DARPA manage future programs in such a way as to enhance their chances of success. This volume describes the genesis of the study, the approach thai waý"iaken in carrying it out, and program histoiies of 28 DARPA projects. Eac i history describes the genesis of the project or program, the major participants and events in Ats lifetime, ý.nd contains a flow diagram illustrating the complex of interactions among organizattons over time that characterizze ths project. Each project review ends with observations about 'the project's success and the nalture of its impact. Volume 11,due in June 1990,-will present 27 &dditional histories, in the same format, and will synthesize the observationa about success and influence in such a way thai DIARPA can apply the results to future program management. ,,'- -- I 1k SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA proj~ects. 5 lessons leamned, observations 1S. PRICE COWG 17. 3~URPUMLASIFICATU i&N1.secUATFCLAW~F.ZATION is. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION -9 UM CAfON OP ATSiT__Af! OF REPMR or Me PAGE OF ABSTRACT [_UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLAS3!FIED A Starsdard Form 2W8 TQ. 2-09) NS 7540-01-2WO5!=0 Xen.ibed byAN& S4cZM.I IDA PAPER P-2192 DARPA TECHNICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS •N HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SELECTED DARPA PROJECTS Volume I Sidney G. Reed Richard H. Van Atta CO C. Seymour 3. Deitchmar, 01 February 1990 . L 4r V * * If'i* IDA !NSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Contract MDA 903 84 C 003! DARPA Assignment A-119 ABSTRACT This is the first volume of s, planned two-volume history of selected DARPA projects and programs that were u-ndo-taken from the agency's inception to the present day. The purpose of this history is to record, for projects and programs having important outputs and for w'hich adequate and alpropriate data could be gathered, the chronological and tecbnicz. lustories in such a way that (a) the influence of the projects or programs on defense and civilian technology could be traced, and (b) implementation lessons could be extracted that woula help DARPA manage future programs in such a way as to enhance their chances of success. This volume describes the genesis of the study, the approach that was taken in carrying it out, and program histories of 28 DARPA projects. Each history describes the genesis of the project or program, the major participants and events in its lifetime, and contains a flow diagram illustrating the complex of interactions among organizations over time that characterize the project. Each project review ends with observations about the project's success and the nature of its impact. Volume II, due in June -1990,will present 27 additional histories, in the same format, and will synthesize the observations about success and influence in such a way that DARPA can apply the results to future program management. ii CONTENTrS Abstract ........................................................................................... m...iii PART ONE: STUDY OVERVIEW Purpose and Scope ............................................................................ 1 Study Approach ................................................................................ 3 Volumt: I (Prc posed Approach and Outline) ............................................... 9 PART TWO: PIOGRAM ASSESSMENTS A. SPACE I. A RGUS ............................................................................... 1-1 Annex ................................................................................. 1-17 II. TIROS Weather Satellites ........................................................... 2-1I III. TRANSrr Navigatio.n Satellite ..................................................... 3-1 IV. CENTAUR ........................................................................... 4-1 V. SATURN ............................................................................. 5-1 B. DEFENDER: ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE VI. ESAR Phased Array Radar ......................................................... 6.1 VII. TABSTONE Infrared Measurements .............................................. 7-1 VIII. High Energy Lasers .................................................................. 8-1 IX. OTH Radar ............................................................................ 9-1 X. AMOS: ARPA Midcourse Optical Station ....................................... 10-1 Annex ............................................................................... 10-11 V C. VELA: NUCLEAR TEST MONITORING 'XI. VELA, ^otel Satellites .............................................................. 11-1 XII. VELA Uniform: WWNSS ........................................................ 12-1 XIII. VELA Unifoz=: The Very Large Arrays, LASA ar.d NORSAR ............. 13-1 D. AGILE: VIETNAM WAR PROGRAMS XIV. Impact on M-16 Rifle ................................. 14-1 Annex...................................... 14-11 Annex ............................................................................... 14-11 XV. Camp Sentinel Radar ............................................................... 15-1 XVI. The X-26B-QT-2 .................................................................... 16-1 XVII. Pocket VEITO: Balloon-Borne Radar ............................................. 17-1 E. INFORMATION PROCESSING XVIII. ILUAC IV ........................................ 18-1 XIX. Project MAC: Computer T'he Shamg .......................................... 19-1 XX. ARPANET ........................................ 20-1 XXI. Artificial Intelligence ................................................................ 2 i- XXII. Morse Code Reader ..............................................................22-1 XX III. ACCAT ............................................................................... 23-1 F. NAVAL TECHNOLOGIES XXIV. LAMBDA: Large Aperture Towed Arrays ...................................... 24-1 XXV. SLCSA .......................................... 25-1 G. TACTICAL TECHNOLOGIES XXVI. Ta,k Breaker ........................................................................ 26-1 XVII. HIMAG/HSVT-L ..................................... 27-1 XXVIII. M ini-RPV's .......................................................................... 28-1 vi PART ONE: STUDY OVERVIEW PURPOSE AND SCOPE DARPA began in 1958 as the Advanced
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