Terms of Reference External Reviewer for Railway Station Redevelopment Guidebook

1. Background As developing economies experience rapid urbanization while motorization poses serious environmental, health, safety, and economic risks to population, public transportation plays critical roles to achieve sustainable development goals. Railway station redevelopment presents opportunities not only for facilitating comfortable and effective transportation networks but also may serve as a catalyst for urban revitalization as the icon of communities and cities. Station redevelopment projects are extremely complex, requiring a unique set of skills, knowledge, and know-hows, especially when employing innovative approaches such as public-private partnerships and real estate development. Challenges include: • The need to ensure no conflict between railway operation and physical design of development • Scope of the capital improvement may focus solely on station building, or, alternatively, it may include improvement of rail facilities, which is often necessary but requires totally different expertise • Scope of the operation and maintenance may include railway facilities, such as tracks, signals, platforms, ticket counter / vending machine, station office, in addition to the station building • Institutional arrangement may be complex if a new grantor institution needs to be set up, sorting out relationships with railway operator(s), regulatory agency, and other stakeholders • Determination of concession terms needs to account for the life of commercial building/space as well as major investment cycle of railway • Railway operator may consider relocating some of its facilities so that it can re-designate land suitable for commercial/retail activities There are growing interests in P3 and other innovative models for railway station redevelopment. recently launched its station redevelopment P3 program with a model commercial development concession contract of 45-year station land and air space leases, attached with a requirement to rebuilding and maintaining the station for 15 years. Similar initiatives include: Railways, , Nigerian Railway Corporation, Myanmar Railways, and Russian Rail.

Despite sporadic knowledge exchange events in the past, such as international workshops held in response to request from the Indian Railways, international knowledge on this subject has been limited at best. The World Bank intends to bridge the gap by developing a guidebook on Railway Station Redevelopment, with an emphasis on larger private roles. This project will first undertake case studies of PPP railway station redevelopment projects in developed countries, such as Sothern Cross Station in Australia, Union Station in Washington DC, Grand Central Terminal in NY, and several historical stations in Italy. The project team will analyze policy lessons drawn from international experiences collected through the case studies, and develop a guidebook for railway operators and government agencies in developing countries. This project is funded by Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF). Parallel to this, the project will include case studies from Japanese experience of station redevelopment projects. Technically these projects may not be P3s, but they do present unique perspective and meaningful policy insights in

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terms of business model selection and technical and institutional designs. This work will be funded by the Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) of the World Bank.

2. Study Objective of the Guidebook The objective of developing the guidebook is to provide railways in the developing countries with guidance and knowledge to help on the project design of railway station redevelopment. The final output is a guidebook for PPP railway station redevelopment with international case studies, targeted to the railway authority and operators in developing countries. The guidebook will help railways better prepare themselves for station redevelopment projects, in terms of institutional capacity building, analysis and prioritizing activities, and preparatory planning, designs and consultations to be done before the bidding. Proper planning will increase the viability of projects, thereby attracting more investors and reducing potential problems to occur during implementation.

3. Work Plan of the Guidebook The guidebook will be developed through the following tasks: 1) Desk review. Conduct a desk review to develop a long list of station redevelopment projects. (Completed) 2) Case selection. Cases to be studied will be selected based to cover different project types and scales, business models, and geographical locations. Most of the best practices will be located at developed countries, namely Europe, US, Australia and Japan. The case studies aim at drawing lessons from the global knowledge and apply it into the local context of our client countries. Following client countries have been identified by the task team: India, Sir Lanka, Pakistan, Nigerian, Myanmar, Russia and Kenya. (On-going) 3) Case study analytical framework development. A common framework to be employed in the case studies will be developed. Please refer to the Annex. (On-going) 4) Case study. Through interviews (virtual and in person), case studies will be conducted to document the background and project history, analyze the business model, evaluate the performance, and extract lessons. 5) Guidebook writing. After combining the case studies under this activity with case studies of Japanese projects that are to be conducted separately, general guidance will be created and added to make a guidebook.

4. Scope of Work of the External Reviewer The World Bank is developing Railway Station Redevelopment Guidebook. The final output is a guidebook for PPP railway station redevelopment with international case studies, targeted to the railway authority and operators in developing countries. The guidebook will help railways better prepare themselves for station redevelopment projects, in terms of institutional capacity building, analysis and prioritizing activities, and preparatory planning, designs and consultations to be done before the bidding, and implementation processes. The Task Team would like to hire experts (4 at maximum) as Short Term Consultant (Consultant) to provide advisory service to the task team including the review of the draft guidebook. The selected Consultants are expected serve as reviewer(s) to participate in review meetings and provide written comments. The deliverables will be the written review comments.

5. Qualification/Requirement

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Redevelopment of railway station requires a multi-sectoral approach as the projects involve stakeholders from several different sectors, namely transport operators, government agencies, real estate developers, investors and PPP advisors, architect, construction contractors and etc. This unique project characteristics of station redevelopment PPP warrants the guidebook to be created with inputs from experts with first-hand and hands-on experience in actual projects.

Candidates for the position will be selected based on the following criteria: • Bachelor’s degree or higher in relevant fields; • Experience of at least 10 years in one or more aspects related to station redevelopment, namely, railway operation, station management, real estate development, financing of infrastructure PPP projects, design and construction of railway stations, stakeholder consultation for large scale development projects, and policy development and regulation related to public transport, and urban development, and; • Experience in at least one railway station redevelopment project with substantial involvement in the project design, financing, physical design, and/or implementation stages

Candidates are requested to submit his or her CV, providing the details of the experience related to railway station redevelopment.

Candidates are also requested to provide a short write up (no more than three pages) on (A) the project(s) he or she was involved in, including in what capacity the involvement was, (B) achievements and lessons learnt from the project(s), and (C) based on the candidate’s own experience, the three most important factors to be considered when designing a railway station redevelopment project through PPP.

6. Duration of Assignment The guidebook will be completed by the end of 2018. The Consultant will be expected to review some of the outputs from Dec. 2017 till the end of 2018. The estimated days required for each Consultant are around 4 days. The number of days can be increased depending on the needs of the task team and the expertise of the Consultant. The Consultant could be hired for future activities, such as for the dissemination of the guidebook and technical assistance to World Bank clients.

7. Reporting The expert will be reporting to the Task Team Leader from the World Bank.

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Case Study Analytical Framework (Proposed) Study Components Description / Examples 1. Background 1. City: population, population density, etc. 2. Operator a. Railway network: type (intercity; intracity; suburban , etc.); network extent; system wide ridership, service hours, etc. b. Regulatory framework: enabling legislations, authorization, limitations, requirements, policy commitments c. Organization: ownership type (public, private, P3), leadership; available resources (operational budget, available revenue sources and subsidies), organizational structure, technical capability; capacity development d. Institutional maturity: Ad hoc processes; Managed processes; Integrated processes 3. Station: a. Property: asset owner (land, building, railway facilities); year it opened; floor area of station building; area of vacant plot owned by railway and government; land use regulation of the plot and station (use, FAR, etc.); any non-railway area (retail, hotel, etc.); historical value, physical conditions, etc. b. Station Operation: number of lines served, daily number of patrons (note definition); number of tracks and platforms, number of entries; available feeder service, etc. 4. Project background: any catalyst event (the Olympic games, etc.), context in the city’s urban redevelopment (e.g., need for revitalization; slum upgrading; underutilized land, etc.); operator’s overarching program for station redevelopment (e.g., JR East’s Station Renaissance program, Indian Railways’ 400 Station Project, etc.); station redevelopment experience of the operator 2. Project Information 1. Objective: a. Develop/Improve transportation network: enhance connectivity of transportation networks and improve service quality b. Better service to passengers: instill for-profit customer-centered motivations to attract more demand c. Public Finance: Overcome public finance limitation; efficient project delivery; d. Travel Demand Management: promote TOD; attract new riders to the transit system; e. Economic Development: foster economic development at the regional and neighborhood levels (i.e., community revitalization); increase tax revenue, increase employment f. Support policy goals: affordable housing provision, political motives, etc. 2. Project Type: a. In-station: within existing station land (e.g., JR East’s Ekinaka program – conversions of underutilized space inside existing station buildings into other uses such as retail) b. Station+: station land plot (including the renovation or rebuilding of the station building) plus transport infrastructure in the vicinity. Major renovation of station plus immediate vicinity for more non-rail space and with improved access

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c. Station-area: comprehensive redevelopment of station and its surrounding area. Most TOD development examples in the US by transit agencies fall in this category as they redevelop their own and state/municipal land into commercial and residential area 3. Project Deliverables: Physical and architectural characteristics of the station and other facilities developed as well as any programs implemented as part of the project 4. Partnership outside railway a. No external partnership: railway develops by itself on its own property. Land use regulation changes may be required, but the interactions are minimal and not very much of a collaborative nature b. Partnership with private for-profit developer: joint development, lease, or sale of an asset to a private developer, involving financial structuring from public and private sources and changes to zoning ordinances c. Partnership with public agency/nonprofit organizations: joint development, lease, or sale of an asset to develop not for profit facilities (e.g., affordable housing, union station) 3. Contract 1. Contract overview: concession term, contract cost, entities involved in the contractual relationship, etc. 2. Contract provisions: a. Capital funding: public funding, private in-kind/monetary contribution, financial arrangement if any b. Operational revenues: passenger fare revenues, subsidies (e.g., cross subsidies from other sources), non-core revenue generation activities c. Obligations/permitted activities: regulatory clearance, design, construction, operation, required service levels, optional future expansion, permitted revenue generation activities, restrictions, oversight, etc. e. Adverse events provisions: compensation events, termination, etc. 3. Activities outside project contract: any related/concurrent activities outside of the project contract 4. Implementation 1. Implementation Policy/Guideline: documents setting implementation procedure, including: project identification; tendering; treatment of unsolicited proposals; stakeholder coordination; regulatory/permitting procedure; terms of agreement, decision/review process, etc. 2. Implementation: studies; plans; MOU/MOA; executed agreements; financial documents, public presentations; how innovative solutions were conceptualized, who initiated, debated, adopted, and implemented; policy/project champions 3. Communication Strategy / Stakeholder relations: PR, stakeholders involved in planning/development, stakeholder support, project champions 5. Outcomes and Lessons 1. Project delivery: time spent for negotiation; budget and actual costs; scheduled and actual delivery time, service quality, etc. 2. Demand: transit ridership, revenues from non-core activities, sales/lease of development; operational productivity, asset condition 3. Financial performance 4. Regional economic development impact 5. Adverse events: stakeholder opposition, political intervention, legal disputes, contract modifications, etc. 6. Lessons: evaluations from operator, developer, public agency, community, and other perspectives; factors for success/failure; other policy insights

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