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Raoul Wallenberg A Story of Courage and Resistance During the Holocaust “We’re fighting … and that’s the main thing” ymark w photo: Ewa Memorial stone in Gothenburg of Raoul Wallenberg by the artist Charlotte Gyllenhammar. The monument was unveiled in 2007. In 1944, Raoul Wallenberg saved and protected thousands of Jews in Budapest from abuse at the hands of the Nazis and members of the Hungarian Arrow Cross Party. People throughout the world know about his efforts. He is an honorary citizen of three countries. Monuments in his honour have been built in many cities. Schools, squares and buildings bear the Wallenberg name. The memory of his historical deeds lives on in books, music and film. raoul Wallenberg For Ching sear To: Timony and pho Tes e VaT pri To: “My brother Gustav was an errand boy at Raoul Wallenberg’s office. He got the job since my family had business contacts yad Vashem | pho Timony: Tes were attacking our house, a so-called Swedish Kate (now Wacz), 12 years old, and her brother “One night when the Arrow Cross soldiers seriously wounded but, as luck would have it, in Sweden. Mother, I and my brother all received I was taken care of andsafe received house, treatment I was struck in by a bullet. I was Esther Schlesinger, 7 years old. Gustav Kadelburger, 15 years old. under the protection of “We lived in a house the Swedish Embassy” protective passports.” the ghetto.” raoul wallenberg my mother, father and brothers lived. All the Jews were chased out into Danube River where they were murdered. Somehow my mother, father the square. Many of these people were later taken to the banks of the “I survived the – mass shootings “On 7th January, the Hungarian Nazis broke into the house where a story of courage and resistance during the holocaust Gizella Flamm, 31 years old, and sons János, 3, and György, 4. by the river” and brothers ended up in the ghetto and survived.” To: Feren C Fl amm Gizella’s son Ferenc Flamm (born in 1946) says: Tes Timony and pho managed to receive and all my siblings Swedish protective “Father, mother my father and uncle were taken to the banks of the Danube house and dragged us to their headquarters. The next day “The Arrow Cross soldiers forced themselves into our River. I was saved and sent to the ghetto. That is how passports” I survived the mass shootings by the river.” Tes Timony and pho To: Cen Tropa Gyula Foldes, years11 old. “Father, mother “Father, siblingsandmy managed all receive to Swedish protective passports. They lived a house in that stood under the protection of the Swedish Embassy and were that in way saved from persecution by the German and Hungarian Nazis.” Bernard’s son Gábor Fischl (born in says: 1946) Bernard years Fischl, 37 old. TesTimony and phoTo: The inTernaTional raoul Wallenberg FoundaTion © swedish committee against antisemitism in the ghetto and and ghetto the in “They ended up ended up “They survived” 3 Who Was Raoul Wallenberg? Raoul Wallenberg grows up without his father. His grandfather Gustaf Wallenberg becomes an important person in his life. aoul Gustaf Wallenberg is born on 4 August Raoul Wallenberg 1912 in Lidingö close to Stockholm. His fa- aged 12. ther dies of cancer a couple of months be- fore. His mother, Maj, is 21 years old at the abor g time. Raoul Wallenberg is six when Maj gets remarried to Fredrik von Dardel. The same year he starts ion by Karl R ct at primary school. He is seven when his little brother Guy o reprodu is born. Two years later they get at sister, Nina. T ho p es · V hi C Raoul Wallenberg grows up r a in a wealthy family. By the ional T a age of eleven, he starts at the n edish New Elementary. The school Sw Raoul Wallenberg’s works with modern pedagogical ideas e: The birth notice. C our and teaches foreign languages in addi- s tion to Latin. Gymnastics and even fencing feature on the school timetable, something that Wallenberg enjoys. Raoul Wallenberg has many other interests including Letter from Raoul to grandfather Gustaf dated 22 June 1929: music, film, horse riding, literature and stamp collecting. Beloved Grandpa! His studies in mathematics and German aren’t great to A few minutes ago I received Grandpa’s letter of the 15th of start with which is why he has to spend the summer of the same. May I be allowed to offer my thanks for Grandpa’s 1925 with a family in Germany. Wallenberg spends sum- good advice regarding my studies and I am happy to be able to mer holidays travelling to England and France. At high say that I have so far followed roughly the same plan and with good results. school, he studies Russian alongside English, German and French. Grandpa ...” In the summer of 1926, he travels alone as a 14-year-old to his grandparents in Constantinople. “Beloved Grandpa...” An important person in Raoul Wallenberg’s life is his pa- Raoul Wallenberg considers becoming a naval officer ternal grandfather Gustaf Oscar Wallenberg, the son of like his father and grandfather but he is colour-blind the founder of the Stockholm Private Bank (Stockholms and can’t tell the difference between the maritime signal Enskilda Bank). Gustaf Wallenberg is the Swedish Am- flags. He then starts dreaming of a career as an interna- bassador in Tokyo and Constantinople (today Istanbul, tional businessman or perhaps as an architect. Although Turkey), and despite the distance he takes an inter- it is unusual at the time to study in the United States, his est in his grandson’s upbringing. He wants to prepare grandfather suggests that Raoul Wallenberg should con- Raoul Wallenberg for a leading position within banking. sider an American university. After his military service, The two of them write many long letters to each other. Wallenberg travels to Ann Arbor in Michigan to study Raoul Wallenberg often begins his letters with “Beloved architecture and gets on well. Already by the end of the 4 raoul wallenberg – a story of courage and resistance during the holocaust © swedish committee against antisemitism ion by Karl g abor sour Ce: The Sw edish naTional arChi Ves · pho To reprodu ct ns by k ar L gabor Sourc es : Ni Na L ag Ergr en ’S privat E a Lbum | thE Sw Edi Sh Natio NaL archiv es · photo r Eproductio raoul raoul wallenberg Raoul Wallenberg’s mother, Maj, Mother née Wising. Grandpa Gustaf and Raoul – a story of courage and resistance during the holocaust the resistance a storyduring and courage of his paternal grandfather Gustaf Wallenberg. Raoul Wallenberg aged 4 sat on the knee of TheWallenberg Family Raoul Raoul Wallenberg together with his mother Maj at his high school graduation in 1930. © © swedish committee against antisemitism against committee swedish antisemitism Graduation navalofficer Raoul Wallenberg.Oscar RaoulWallenberg’s father, Father abor first term he receives the highest possible grade for his g essay entitled “What Does the Idea ‘The United States of ion by Karl Raoul Wallenberg Europe’ Mean?”. ct on the bridge over the Hudson River o o reprodu T Raoul Wallenberg spends Christmas and the New Year ho (now known as the p George Washington between 1931 and 1932 with relatives in New York. On e album · Bridge) in New York. Christmas Day he writes a letter to his grandfather: T a V I am having a lovely time here and enjoying a pleasant change from the somewhat repetitious life in Ann Arbor with all the agergren’s pri l ina n functions and dances I go to there. e: C […] our s I have now had the opportunity to form an impression of New The George York … A number of the skyscraper districts, in particular that Washington surrounding Grand Central i.e. between 41th and 52nd St, are Bridge. enormous. This is where the new Empire State and Chrysler Buildings are located which, with their 107 and 72 storeys, considerably surpass the Woolworth Building … The new skyscrapers are very beautiful and appear light and graceful. […] ipedia Commons During his time in K I have enjoyed the big city atmosphere tremendously … and e: Wi the States, Raoul C I have learnt more about the true nature of America through Wallenberg goes sour my two weeks here than the whole term in Ann Arbor … on many trips. He hitchhikes a number of times and on one The Trip to California occasion is threatened In the summer of 1934, Raoul Wallenberg plans to go and robbed at gunpoint. Raoul manages to home but his grandfather thinks that he should get a sum- remain calm despite mer job. Wallenberg struggles to find a job since the US is Swedish Newspaper, 24 April 1935 such dangerous still going through a recession. His grandfather then sug- circumstances. In a gests that he travel to California and establish ties with letter to his mother and grandfather, Wallenberg key people in American business. describes how he managed to negotiate with the robbers: They asked for money and I gave them what I had in my breast After his long trip over the American continent, Raoul pocket. I also said that I had more in my suitcase. They then Wallenberg returns to university. His studies go well. Dur- took out an envelope which contained both money but also ing his spare time he goes for walks, cycles, and goes to some papers and the key to my safe deposit box. I managed to concerts and the movies with his friends.

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