Television a La Carte: American Broadcasting Cos
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Graham Holdings Company 2014 Annual Report
GRAHAM HOLDINGS 2014 ANNUAL REPORT REVENUE BY PRINCIPAL OPERATIONS n EDUCATION 61% n CABLE 23% n TELEVISION BROADCASTING 10% n OTHER BUSINESSES 6% FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (in thousands, except per share amounts) 2014 2013 Change Operating revenues $ 3,535,166 $ 3,407,911 4% Income from operations $ 407,932 $ 319,169 28% Net income attributable to common shares $ 1,292,996 $ 236,010 — Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations $ 138.88 $ 23.36 — Diluted earnings per common share $ 195.03 $ 32.05 — Dividends per common share $ 10.20 $ — — Common stockholders’ equity per share $ 541.54 $ 446.73 21% Diluted average number of common shares outstanding 6,559 7,333 –11% INCOME FROM NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE OPERATING REVENUES OPERATIONS TO COMMON SHARES ($ in millions) ($ in millions) ($ in millions) 3,861 582 1,293 3,453 3,535 3,373 3,408 408 314 319 149 277 236 116 131 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 RETURN ON DILUTED EARNINGS PER AVERAGE COMMON COMMON SHARE FROM DILUTED EARNINGS STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY* CONTINUING OPERATIONS PER COMMON SHARE ($) ($) 46.6% 138.88 195.03 38.16 9.8% 9.0% 23.36 31.04 32.05 5.2% 17.32 4.4% 14.70 17.39 6.40 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 * Computed on a comparable basis, excluding the impact of the adjustment for pensions and other postretirement plans on average common stockholders’ equity. 2014 ANNUAL REPORT 1 To OUR SHAREHOLDERS Quite a lot happened in 2014. -
371 Copyright Act of 1976 — Transmit Clause — ABC, Inc. V. Aereo, Inc. In
Copyright Act of 1976 — Transmit Clause — ABC, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, a new industry of community an- tenna television (CATV) exploded.1 By placing an antenna on top of a hill above a community and transmitting signals to subscribers’ houses via coaxial cables, CATV companies provided television to areas where hilly terrain made receiving traditional broadcast signals difficult.2 Af- ter the Supreme Court held that such systems did not violate copyright holders’ exclusive rights to public performance,3 Congress revised the copyright law in 1976 and, among other things, enacted the Transmit Clause to supersede those decisions and make such transmissions an infringement of copyright. Last Term, in ABC, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.,4 the Supreme Court held that a company that transmitted broadcast televi- sion to users via the Internet violated the Transmit Clause, even though the user selected what content to watch, and even though each user had a dedicated antenna that produced a “personal” copy of the broadcast.5 The Court employed a functionalist approach, relying on analogical reasoning rather than analyzing the underlying technical operations of the system — the method that Justice Scalia adopted in his dissent. In doing so, the majority introduced unpredictability into the law by leaving important doctrinal questions unanswered and adopting an approach that lacks clear boundaries. Prior to the Copyright Act of 1976,6 the Court read the public per- formance right narrowly. In 1968, in Fortnightly Corp. v. United Art- ists Television, Inc.,7 the Court held that a CATV operator is more analogous to a “viewer” than a “performer,” and thus cannot face lia- bility under the Copyright Act.8 The Court affirmed Fortnightly in Teleprompter Corp. -
Memorandum to Clients June 2014
MemorandumMemorandum toto ClientsClients June 2014 News and Analysis of Recent Developments in Communications Law No. 14-06 The Supremes have spoken . now it’s the Swami’s turn. The Supreme Court’s Aereo Decision: What It Says, What It Means By Kevin M. Goldberg [email protected] 703-812-0462 [Editor’s Note: As we have reported on CommLaw- eas with which it is familiar. And it also tried hard to make Blog.com, the Supreme Court has reversed the Second Cir- sure that its decision will not disrupt what it believes it cuit in the Aereo case, giving the TV broadcasting industry knows about new media, such as cloud computing. a major victory. Yes, that’s the result that the Swami, Kevin Goldberg, had predicted. So we asked him to review Let’s take a look at Breyer’s majority opinion (which was the two opinions out of the Supremes – Justice Breyer’s joined in by Chief Justice Roberts and Associate Justices majority opinion and Justice Scalia’s dissent – and let us Kennedy, Ginsburg, Sotomayor and Kagan), and then the know what he found. Here’s his report – but note that we dissent by Scalia (writing for himself and Justices Thomas are dispensing with our routine summary of what Aereo is and Alito). Then I’ll field some questions that I’ve been fre- and how the case got to the Supremes. If you’re just getting quently asked. to the Aereo party now and don’t know the background, check out our blog’s extensive Aereo-related coverage at The Majority Opinion this link. -
The Broadcast Flag: It's Not Just TV
Federal Communications Law Journal Volume 57 Issue 2 Article 7 3-2005 The Broadcast Flag: It's not just TV Wendy Seltzer Electronic Frontier Foundation Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/fclj Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, Communications Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, and the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Seltzer, Wendy (2005) "The Broadcast Flag: It's not just TV," Federal Communications Law Journal: Vol. 57 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/fclj/vol57/iss2/7 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Federal Communications Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Broadcast Flag: It's not just TV Wendy Seltzer* I am not much of a TV person. My only set, non-HD, still picks up its channels through rabbit ears. The broadcast flag still gets me steamed, though, so much so that I recently built a high-definition digital video recorder just to beat the flag mandate. It is not about the TV. Rather, it is not about TV as broadcast to the passive consumer, to be received on single-purpose boxes. It is about TV as it could be, with innovative companies and tinkerers making TV broadcasts a core part of the converged home media network. The crippling of this kind of TV is an early warning against a pervasive technology regulation. -
WGAW Reply Comments to the FCC on Set-Top Box Competition
Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Expanding Consumers’ Video Navigation Choices ) MB Docket No. 16-42 ) Commercial Availability of Navigation Devices ) CS Docket No. 97-80 ) REPLY COMMENTS OF WRITERS GUILD OF AMERICA, WEST, INC. Marvin Vargas Senior Research & Policy Analyst Ellen Stutzman Senior Director, Research & Public Policy Writers Guild of America, West, Inc. 7000 West 3rd Street Los Angeles, CA 90048 (323) 951-4000 May 23, 2016 Summary It is often the case that when new technology emerges incumbent providers make alarmist predictions about guaranteed harms resulting from these innovations. While some concerns may be reasonable, the overwhelming majority of outlined harms are never realized. As CBS Chairman and CEO Les Moonves said in 2015, “All these technology initiatives that supposedly were going to hurt us have actually helped us. SVOD has helped us. DVR has helped us. The ability to go online with our own content, CBS.com, and the trailing episodes – all have helped us.”1 With the entertainment industry currently dominated by a handful of companies that have never been more profitable, it is clear that new technology and forms of content distribution have helped, not hurt the industry. While new technology can create some business uncertainty, there is strong evidence that pro-consumer developments that make legal content more accessible to viewers benefits both consumers and content creators. The Federal Communications Commission’s proposed rules for a competitive navigation device market follow this path. The current pay-TV set-top box market is controlled by incumbent distributors who charge consumers high fees and exercise their gatekeeping power to limit content competition. -
Preliminary Injunction, Plaintiff Nexstar
ase 2:13-cv-00910-DAK Document 87 Filed 02/19/14 Page 1 of 26 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH CENTRAL DIVISION COMMUNITY TELEVISION OF UTAH, LLC dba KSTU FOX 13, KUTV LICENSEE, LLC dba KMYU and MEMORANDUM DECISION AND KUTV, and FOX BROADCASTING ORDER GRANTING PRELIMINARY COMPANY, INJUNCTION AND STAY Plaintiffs, Consolidated Case No. 2:13CV910DAK vs. Judge Dale A. Kimball AEREO, INC., Defendant. ____________________________________ NEXSTAR BROADCASTING COMPANY, Plaintiff, vs. AEREO, INC., Defendant. This matter is before the court on Plaintiffs Community Television of Utah, LLC, KUTV Licensee, and Fox Broadcasting Company’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Plaintiff Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc.’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Defendant Aereo, Inc.’s Motion to Stay Proceedings Pending the Supreme Court’s decision in ABC v. Aereo, and Defendant Aereo’s Motion to Transfer. The court held a hearing on Aereo’s Motion to Stay on February 7, 2014, ase 2:13-cv-00910-DAK Document 87 Filed 02/19/14 Page 2 of 26 and a hearing on Plaintiffs Motions for Preliminary Injunction on February 11, 2014.1 At the hearings, Plaintiffs Community Television of Utah, LLC, KUTV Licensee, and Fox Broadcasting Company were represented by Brent O. Hatch, Shaundra L. McNeil, and Richard L. Stone, Plaintiff Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. was represented by Rodney R. Parker and John C. Ulin, and Defendant Aereo was represented by Daralyn J. Durie, Joseph C. Gratz, Jess M. Krannich, and Timothy Considine. After carefully considering the parties’ arguments, as well as the law and facts relevant to the motions, the court enters the following Memorandum Decision and Order FACTUAL BACKGROUND2 Plaintiffs are a collection of local and national broadcast television companies who have brought the present lawsuit against Aereo for copyright infringement. -
Court Battles Continue Over Hopper, Aereo
Court Battles Continue over Hopper, Aereo 10.24.2013 Broadcasters continue to wage legal warfare to stop the oncoming technology tide, with battles heating up on two fronts: Dish Network's Hopper and IAC-backed Aereo. Fox is working to get the courts to take legal action against Dish Network's Hopper with Sling, which is a set-top box with both ad-skipping and place-shifting technology built in. On Wednesday, Fox filed a notice of appeal to California's Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals after U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee last month denied Fox the injunction it was seeking. Fox is seeking an "en banc" hearing in front of a full panel of judges. It's not Fox's first appearance in front of the court on the issue, although earlier requests applied to different iterations of the service. Similarly, last month U.S. District Judge Laura Taylor Swain in New York denied ABC's motion for a preliminary injunction against Dish' AutoHop, a separate set-top box that skips ads but doesn't "sling" TV programming to smart phones and tablets. Meanwhile, Aereo defended itself in Salt Lake City where broadcasters are working to stop the roll-out of its service, which streams broadcast signals to subscribers over the Internet for $10 a month. Broadcasters argue that Aereo is infringing their copyrights by "publicly performing" shows without permission, while Aereo says what it's doing is perfectly legal. "A consumer who tunes an individual antenna to access a program, makes an individual copy of a broadcast television program, and then watches that program, does not violate the copyright laws," Aereo argues in the Utah case. -
The Broadcast Flag: Compatible with Copyright Law & Incompatible with Digital Media Consumers
607 THE BROADCAST FLAG: COMPATIBLE WITH COPYRIGHT LAW & INCOMPATIBLE WITH DIGITAL MEDIA CONSUMERS ANDREW W. BAGLEY* & JUSTIN S. BROWN** I. INTRODUCTION Is it illegal to make a high-quality recording of your favorite TV show using your Sony digital video recorder with your Panasonic TV, which you then edit on your Dell computer for use on your Apple iPod? Of course it’s legal, but is it possible to use devices from multiple brands together to accomplish your digital media goal? Yes, well, at least for now. What if the scenario involved high-definition television (“HDTV”) devices? Would the answers be as clear? Not as long as digital-content protection schemes like the Broadcast Flag are implemented. Digital media and Internet connectivity have revolutionized consumer entertainment experiences by offering high-quality portable content.1 Yet these attractive formats also are fueling a copyright infringement onslaught through a proliferation of unauthorized Internet piracy via peer-to-peer (“P2P”) networks.2 As a result, lawmakers,3 administrative agencies,4 and courts5 are confronted * Candidate for J.D., University of Miami School of Law, 2009; M.A. Mass Communication, University of Florida, 2006; B.A. Political Science, University of Florida, 2005; B.S. Public Relations, University of Florida, 2005 ** Assistant Professor of Telecommunication, University of Florida; Ph.D. Mass Communica- tions, The Pennsylvania State University, 2001 1 Andrew Keen, Web 2.0: The Second Generation of the Internet has Arrived. It's Worse Than You Think, WEEKLY STANDARD, Feb. 13, 2006, http://www.weeklystandard.com/ Con- tent/Public/Articles/000/000/006/714fjczq.asp (last visited Jan. -
Underlying Motivations in the Broadcast Flag Debate
Underlying Motivations in the Broadcast Flag Debate Allan Friedman,a Roshan Baliga, b Deb Dasguptac and Anna Dreyerd Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Washington DC September 21, 2003 Abstract: As the rollout of digital television progresses, content owners have expressed great concern for the security of their intellectual property if released unfettered across the airwaves in high definition digital form. The proposed solution, the broadcast flag, is to be attached to a digital broadcast signal, and would control to how the content could be used: to which devices it could be sent and how many times it could be copied. The content industry, led by MPAA, claims that this scheme will protect their content and, if it is implemented into the DTV infrastructure, they will freely release their content. Implementation requires the support of a variety of other actors, many of whom claims to support the flag as well. This paper posits that the probable benefits to many of these actors are distinct from their stated goals of supporting the technologically-embedded policy. After a brief description of what the broadcast flag and its history, we assess its utility as a policy tool. Since digital rights management problems in many ways resemble traditional information security issues, we posit that the formal threat model analysis of systems security is particularly useful in testing the robustness of a given system against a range of attacks. The efficacy of the flag is thus tested with a threat model analysis in the context of several digital rights management goals. We find that, while the flag would not successfully keep content off the Internet, it might offer content providers several other concrete benefits in controlling their content, including blocking heretofore popular consumer behaviors and shifting the balance of content control towards the copyright holder. -
Competitiveness in Music Streaming
Competitiveness in Music Streaming Investigating how the entry of big technology companies influence competitive advantages in music streaming Master’s Thesis in the Masters’ Programme Management and Economics of Innovation Linus Adolfsson Eric Bonfré DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS Division of Entrepreneurship and Strategy CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2020 www.chalmers.se Report No. E2020:021 REPORT NO. E2020:021 Competitiveness in Music Streaming: Investigating how the entry of big technology companies influence the sources of competitive advantages in the music streaming industry LINUS ADOLFSSON ERIC BONFRÉ Supervisor, Chalmers: Adrian Bumann Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Entrepreneurship and Strategy CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2020 Investigation of how the entry of big technology companies influence the sources of competitive advantage in the music streaming industry LINUS ADOLFSSON ERIC BONFRÉ © LINUS ADOLFSSON © ERIC BONFRÉ Master’s Thesis E2020:021 Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Entrepreneurship and Strategy Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Gothenburg, Sweden 2020 Acknowledgement The authors of this report would like to send their gratitude towards our supervisor at Chalmers University of Technology, Adrian Bumann, who has supported and guided us through the procedure of conducting the study as well as providing continuous feedback. 1 Abstract Big technology companies are present in a range of different industries, and they keep expanding into even more - music streaming being one of them. They create large ecosystems where digital products and services are added to provide both economies of scale and economies of scope. -
CES 2016 Exhibitor Listing As of 1/19/16
CES 2016 Exhibitor Listing as of 1/19/16 Name Booth * Cosmopolitan Vdara Hospitality Suites 1 Esource Technology Co., Ltd. 26724 10 Vins 80642 12 Labs 73846 1Byone Products Inc. 21953 2 the Max Asia Pacific Ltd. 72163 2017 Exhibit Space Selection 81259 3 Legged Thing Ltd 12045 360fly 10417 360-G GmbH 81250 360Heros Inc 26417 3D Fuel 73113 3D Printlife 72323 3D Sound Labs 80442 3D Systems 72721 3D Vision Technologies Limited 6718 3DiVi Company 81532 3Dprintler.com 80655 3DRudder 81631 3Iware Co.,Ltd. 45005 3M 31411 3rd Dimension Industrial 3D Printing 73108 4DCulture Inc. 58005 4DDynamics 35483 4iiii Innovations, Inc. 73623 5V - All In One HC 81151 6SensorLabs BT31 Page 1 of 135 6sensorlabs / Nima 81339 7 Medical 81040 8 Locations Co., Ltd. 70572 8A Inc. 82831 A&A Merchandising Inc. 70567 A&D Medical 73939 A+E Networks Aria 36, Aria 53 AAC Technologies Holdings Inc. Suite 2910 AAMP Global 2809 Aaron Design 82839 Aaudio Imports Suite 30-116 AAUXX 73757 Abalta Technologies Suite 2460 ABC Trading Solution 74939 Abeeway 80463 Absolare USA LLC Suite 29-131 Absolue Creations Suite 30-312 Acadia Technology Inc. 20365 Acapella Audio Arts Suite 30-215 Accedo Palazzo 50707 Accele Electronics 1110 Accell 20322 Accenture Toscana 3804 Accugraphic Sales 82423 Accuphase Laboratory Suite 29-139 ACE CAD Enterprise Co., Ltd 55023 Ace Computers/Ace Digital Home 20318 ACE Marketing Inc. 59025 ACE Marketing Inc. 31622 ACECAD Digital Corp./Hongteli, DBA Solidtek 31814 USA Acelink Technology Co., Ltd. Suite 2660 Acen Co.,Ltd. 44015 Page 2 of 135 Acesonic USA 22039 A-Champs 74967 ACIGI, Fujiiryoki USA/Dr. -
The Federal Computer Commission, 84 N.C
NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW Volume 84 | Number 1 Article 3 12-1-2005 The edeF ral Computer Commission Kevin Werbach Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Kevin Werbach, The Federal Computer Commission, 84 N.C. L. Rev. 1 (2005). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol84/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized administrator of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FEDERAL COMPUTER COMMISSION KEVIN WERBACH* The conventional wisdom that the computer industry thrives in the absence of government regulation is wrong. Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") rules touch every personal computer ever made. Over the last quarter-century, the FCC has steadily increasedits influence over personalcomputing devices and applications. Perhaps surprisingly, though, the "Federal Computer Commission" has largely been a positive force in the technology sector. Regulators are now poised to take several actions that could shape the future of the Internet and the computer industry. In this environment, exposing the Federal Computer Commission provides a foundation for reasoned policy approaches. The fate of a dynamic and important set of industries should not be decided under the influence of a myth. INTRODU CTION ....................................................................................... 2 I. FEAR AND LOATHING .............................................................. 8 II. FCC COMPUTER REGULATION: PAST AND PRESENT ............. 14 A. Computers Invade the Phone Network ............................ 16 1. The Battle Over Terminal Attachments .................... 16 2. The Computer Inquiries and Open Network A rchitecture ................................................................