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Cephalopoda: Mollusca) Inhabiting Both the Egyptian Mediterranean and the Red Sea Waters

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Cephalopoda: Mollusca) Inhabiting Both the Egyptian Mediterranean and the Red Sea Waters Jordan Journal of Natural History, 7, 2020 Pages: 64- 92 Taxonomical Studies on the Cephalopods (Cephalopoda: Mollusca) Inhabiting both the Egyptian Mediterranean and the Red Sea Waters Rafik Riad National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt Received: August 12, 2020; Revised: October 2, 2020; Accepted: October 22, 2020 Abstract: Specimens were obtained Introduction from fishing trawlers operating in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Cuttlefishes, Squids, Octopuses, and Nautilii Gulf, and the Red Sea. Specimens were are the most important representatives of also obtained from Alexandria and Suez the class Cephalopoda. The class includes fish markets. The species included in the about 1000 known species, which represent class Cephalopoda are ecologically and about 2.07% from the phylum Mollusca commercially important around the world. (Hassan, 1974). As a group, they include The class includes four groups: Cuttlefishes, the largest species of both modern and fossil Squids, Octopuses, and Nautilii. The first invertebrates in the coastal and the oceanic three groups are present in the Egyptian waters, inhabiting different kinds of grounds. Mediterranean and the Red Sea waters. Commercially, they represent a remarkable They constitute a main component in the and significant fishery in many areas around fisheries industry. In order to understand the the world. From the total catch of the world biology and ecology of any species, their cephalopod fishery, about 71.8% were squids, identification should be conducted properly 13.6% cuttlefishes, and 14.6% octopuses to maximize the accuracy of any study. The (Jereb and Roper 2005). present work is the first-in-kind, and was Many studies at the beginning of prepared to focus on the cephalopod species the nineteenth century concentrated on the inhabiting both the Egyptian Mediterranean fauna of the northern part of the Gulf of and the Red Sea waters. Six cephalopod Suez. Savigny (1817) was the first to mention species inhabit both the Egyptian Cephalopoda in the Red Sea; he also identified Mediterranean and the Red Sea waters; seventy species which had not been confirmed these include one cuttlefish species: Sepia before in the Red Sea waters (Edwards and dollfusi, two squid species: Loligo Head, 1987). forbesi and Sepioteuthis lessonian, and three Many twentieth-century studies of the octopus species: Octopus vulgaris, Octopus Red Sea have provided an exciting direction macropus, and Octopus defilippi. Two to many expeditions. Although most of these of them, namely Sepia dollfusi, and, expeditions were oceanographic explorations, Sepioteuthis lessoniana dwelling in the they also served as zoogeographical studies Red Sea and migrated to the Mediterranean with regional details (Edwards and Head, 1987). waters through the Suez Canal. Specimen Robson (1926) recorded three cephalopod parts were drawn by means of a zoom species from the Cambridge Expedition stereoscopic microscope provided with a camera lucida drawing tube and the specimen to the Suez Canal, namely: Ascarosepion parts were also photographed by a Canon singhalensis (Goodrich), which is digital camera. synonymous to Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831, Lophosepion lefebrei d’Orbigny Key words: Taxonomy, Cephalopods, synonymous to Sepia gibba Ehrenberg, Mollusca, Egyptian. Mediterranean Sea, 1831, and Octopus horridus d’Orbigny Red Sea. (Zebra Octopus). Robson (1926) recorded six cephalopod species from the Suez Canal. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Rafik Riad 65 Adam (1959) described ten cephalopods morphological features. The aim of the present from the Gulf of Suez and three from the work is to add more information to the limited Gulf of Aqaba. Adam (1960) recorded taxonomical studies of the Cephalopoda seven cephalopod species from Aqaba Gulf. species inhabiting both the Egyptian Red and Eman (1984) recorded eight cephalopods the Mediterranean Sea waters. from the Gulf of Suez and Aqaba. About ten Sepioidea species were recorded Materials and Methods from the Egyptian waters (Steuer, 1939; Emam, 1983; Riad, 1993; 2000a, 2000b, The specimens were obtained from 2008a, 2008b and 2015.). Steuer (1939) fishing trawlers operating in the Egyptian recorded one Sepioidea species. Sepia Mediterranean Sea from Sidi Abd El- Rahman, officinalis from the Mediterranean Sea, Sepia west of Alexandria to Rosetta (Figure 1) prashadi, and Sepia savignyi from the Red sea and from the Suez Gulf, Red Sea (Figure were studied by Emam (1983). Riad (1993) 2). Specimens were also obtained from recorded nine cephalopoda species from the Alexandria and Suez fish markets over the Egyptian Mediterranean waters, two of them period from January 2019 to December 2019. were sepioidea: Sepia officinalis and Sepia The samples were preserved in a 5% formalin elegans. Four were squids: Loligo vulgaris, sea water solution, and were kept in the Loligo forbesi, Alloteuthis media, and Illex Taxonomy and Biodiversity of Aquatic Biota coindetii. Emam and Saad (1998) studied Lab. (reference collection center), National the morphometric and population dynamics Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, of Sepia dollfusi from the northern region of Alexandria, Egypt. the Red sea. According to Roper et al., (1984), There are also many studies the following characteristics were carefully conducted during the twenty century. Emam examined for the identification of the species: and Aly (2000) studied the male reproductive External morphology, tentacular club, system of the Seoioteuthis lessoniana from hectocotylized arm, tentacular club sucker, the Suez Gulf. Riad (2008b) recorded tentacular club sucker ring, arm sucker, arm one new record of cephalopoda species sucker ring, radula, gill, shell, and funnel Sepioteuthis lessoniana from the Egyptian (siphon). The specimen parts were drawn by Mediterranean waters which migrated means of a zoom stereoscopic microscope from the Red sea. Emam and Gareb (2010) provided with a camera-lucida drawing tube. studied the morphology, the digestible The specimen parts were also photographed and reproductive system of the male of by a Canon Digital camera. Sepioteuthis lessoniana from Abo Qir Bay in the Alexandria Mediterranean waters. Riad Results and Discussion (2000b) recorded two first record species from Alexandria Mediterranean waters, The species in the present work are illustrated namely Rossia macrosoma and Octopus as follows: defillipi. Riad (2008a) recorded ten cephalopod species from the Suez Gulf and Phylum: Mollusca the Red Sea, three of them were sepioidea: Class: Cephalopoda Cuvier, l798. Sepia dollfusi, Sepia pharaonis, and Sepia Subclass: Coleoidea Bather, l888. elongate. Riad (2015) recorded one new Order: Sepioidea Naef, 1916. record of Sepioidea species, namely Sepia Family: Sepiidae Keferstein, 1866. dollfusi from the Egyptian Mediterranean Genus Sepia Linnaeus, 1758 waters which is dewlling in the Red Sepia dollfusi Adam, 1941b. The Suez Gulf, Sea and migrated to the Mediterranean Sea the Red Sea and Alexandria, Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. waters. The present work was conducted using 66 Jordan Journal of Natural History, 7, 2020 Figure 1. Alexandria coast (Egyptian Mediterranean Sea) Figure 2. Suez Gulf (Egyptian Red Sea) Rafik Riad 67 Order:Teuthoidea Naef, 1916. (Gereb and Roper, 2005). In the Egyptian Suborder:Myopsida d, Orbigny, 1845. Mediterranean waters and the Red Sea, this Family: Loligonidae Steenstrup, 1861. order is represented by only one family, Genus Loligo Schneider, 1784. Sepiidae, which has a significant commercial Loligo forbesi Steemstrup, 1856. The Suez value. Gulf, the Red Sea. Alexandria Mediterranean 1.3 Sepioidea Species of the East waters. Mediterranean Waters Genus: Sepioteuthis Seven Sepioidea species are known to occur Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lsson, 1830. The in the Mediterranean waters: Suez Gulf, the Red sea, and Alexandria Sepia elegans BlainVille, 1827; Mediterranean waters. Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758; Order: Octopoda Leach, 1818. Sepia orbignyana Ferussac, 1826; Suborder Incirrata Grimpe, 1916. Sepiola rondeleti Leach, 1817; Family: Octopodidae d›Orbigny, 1845. Sepietta oweniana d›Orbigny, 1840; Subfamily: Octopodinae Rondeletiola minor Naef, 1912; and Genus Octopus Lamarck, 1798. Rossia macrosoma Delle chiaje, 1829 (Gereb Octopus Vulgaris Cuvier, l797. Alexandria, and Roper, 2005; ; Katagan and Kocatas, Mediterranean waters and the Red Sea. 1990). Octopus macropus Risso, 1826. Alexandria, Mediterranean waters and the Red Sea The Sepioidea species were recorded in Octopus Defilippi Verany, 1851. Alexandria, both the Egyptian Mediterranean and the Mediterranean waters, and the Red Sea. Red Sea waters). Phylum: Mollusca The following species were recorded as Class: Cephalopoda Cuvier, 1798 follows: Subclass: Coleoid Bather, 1888. Class: Cephalopoda Cuvier, l798. The Subclass Coleoidea embraces four Subclass: Coleoidea Bather, l888. orders: Sepioidea Naef, 1916; Tauthoidea Order: Sepioidea Naef, 1916. Naef, 1916; Octopoda Leach, 1818, and Family: Sepiidae Keferstein, 1866. Vampyromorpha Pickford, 1939. Genus: Sepia Linnaeus, 1758. Only the first three orders are represented in A cuttlebone with a spine (rostrum) is present the current study. on the posterior end (occasionally damaged or Order: Sepioidea Naef, 1916. absent); as long as the body; bordered by a This order is characterized by the following horny margin. No glandular pore on the ventral features: shell calcareous or chitinous; 10 surface at the posterior end of the
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