DOCSLIB.ORG

TESIS AG1249 Can.Pdf (3.551Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TESIS AG1249 Can.Pdf (3.551Mb) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN CRISTÓBAL DE HUAMANGA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE AGRONOMÍA Aislamiento, caracterización, control biológico y químico in vitro del agente causal de la pudrición negra de la piña (Ananas comosus), Ayacucho TESIS PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: INGENIERA AGRÓNOMA PRESENTADO POR: Flor Adelaida Cancho Yance Ayacucho – Perú 2019 i A Dios, por todas sus bendiciones. A mis padres Sr. Saturnino y Sra. Felicitas, por todo el enorme sacrificio, amor y entrega; en darme siempre lo mejor. Son y serán siempre mi motivo de seguir adelante. A mi hermana Kelly por estar siempre presente, animando a no desistir en este proyecto de vida. ii AGRADECIMIENTO A mi alma mater la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga con su Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, especialmente a la Facultad de Agronomía, por la oportunidad brindada en albergar mis momentos de estudiante. Mi gratitud al Ing. Guillermo Carrasco Aquino por su acertada participación en el asesoramiento, sus valiosos consejos y dedicación en este proyecto, brindándome siempre sus conocimientos y experiencia en el tema, con lo cual he podido concluir con éxito la presente tesis. A los señores miembros del jurado calificador, por su aporte y observaciones en el enriquecimiento del presente trabajo y a todos mis profesores de quienes siempre guardaré un grato recuerdo por sus enseñanzas y amistad que me brindaron. A mis amigos y a todas las personas que me apoyaron en la ejecución del presente trabajo de investigación. iii ÍNDICE GENERAL Pág. Dedicatoria ........................................................................................................................ ii Agradecimiento ................................................................................................................ iii Índice general ................................................................................................................... iv Índice de tablas ................................................................................................................ vi Índice de figuras .............................................................................................................. vii Índice de anexos ............................................................................................................. viii Resumen ............................................................................................................................ 9 INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 11 CAPÍTULO I MARCO TEÓRICO ..................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Generalidades de la piña (Ananas comosus) ....................................................... 13 1.1.1. Origen y dispersión ............................................................................................. 13 1.1.2. Taxonomía .......................................................................................................... 13 1.1.3. Características botánicas ..................................................................................... 14 1.1.4. Morfología .......................................................................................................... 14 1.1.5. Variabilidad ........................................................................................................ 14 1.1.6. Agroecología de la piña ...................................................................................... 18 1.1.7. Enfermedades de la piña ..................................................................................... 19 1.2. Pudrición negra de la piña .................................................................................. 20 1.3. Síntomas de la pudrición negra en la piña .......................................................... 21 1.4. Control cultural ................................................................................................... 25 1.5. Control biológico ................................................................................................ 27 1.5.1. Trichoderma controlador biológico .................................................................... 28 1.6. Control químico .................................................................................................. 28 1.6.1. Fungicidas de contacto ........................................................................................ 30 1.6.2. Fungicidas sistémicos ......................................................................................... 32 1.6.3. Control químico en la pudrición negra de la piña ............................................... 32 1.6.4. Fichas técnicas de productos químicos: MANZATE® 200 D, SPORTAK 45 CE, BENZOMIL® 500 y SYL® ............................................................................... 35 iv CAPÍTULO II METODOLOGÍA ......................................................................................................... 39 2.1. Ubicación del experimento ................................................................................. 39 2.1.1. Ubicación política ............................................................................................... 39 2.1.2. Ubicación geográfica (zona 18L) ........................................................................ 39 2.2. Materiales, equipos e insumos ............................................................................ 40 2.2.1. Materiales ............................................................................................................ 40 2.2.2. Equipos................................................................................................................ 40 2.2.3. Insumos ............................................................................................................... 40 2.3. Planteamiento del experimento ........................................................................... 41 2.3.1. Tipo de investigación .......................................................................................... 41 2.3.2. Factores de estudio experimental ........................................................................ 41 2.3.3. Descripción de los tratamientos .......................................................................... 42 2.3.4. Diseño experimental ........................................................................................... 44 2.3.5. Duración del experimento ................................................................................... 44 2.4. Instalación y conducción del experimento .......................................................... 44 2.4.1. Aislamiento del hongo patógeno......................................................................... 44 2.4.2. Caracterización y reconocimiento de las estructuras del patógeno ..................... 47 2.4.3. Prueba de eficacia de los productos fúngicos en el control in vitro .................... 48 2.5. Parámetros de evaluación .................................................................................... 52 CAPÍTULO III RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN .................................................................................. 54 3.1. Aislamiento del agente causal de la pudrición negra de la piña ......................... 54 3.2. Caracterización y reconocimiento del agente causal de la pudrición negra de la piña ...................................................................................................................... 58 3.3. Prueba de eficacia de los productos en el control in vitro .................................. 61 3.4. Fito patogenecidad .............................................................................................. 65 CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................ 68 RECOMENDACIONES .............................................................................................. 69 REFERENCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA ............................................................................ 70 ANEXO .......................................................................................................................... 74 v ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Pág. Tabla 2.1. Tratamientos estudiados para los medios de cultivo y temperaturas… 43 Tabla 2.2. Tratamientos estudiados para los productos químicos y las dosis…… 43 Tabla 2.3. Tratamientos estudiados para los productos biológicos……………... 43 Tabla 2.4. Fungicidas utilizados en la prueba de medio envenenado…………… 49 Tabla 2.5. Tratamientos de la prueba de control biológico in vitro……………... 51 Tabla 3.1. Velocidad de crecimiento radial (cm) de T. paradoxa en diferentes medios de cultivo y temperaturas…………………………………… 55 Tabla 3.2. Análisis de varianza para la velocidad de crecimiento radial (cm) en diferentes medios de cultivo y temperaturas a las 96 Hrs. de evaluación…………………………………………………………… 55 Tabla 3.3 Prueba de Tukey (α = 0.05) de la velocidad de crecimiento radial en la interacción medio x temperatura………………………………….. 56 Tabla 3.4. Dimensiones de la conidia, hifa y conidióforo de Thielaviopsis paradoxa…………………………………………………………….. 60 Tabla 3.5. Valores de porcentaje de inhibición micelial obtenidos para los 11 tratamientos………………………………………………………….. 62 Tabla 3.6. Análisis de variancia para el porcentaje de inhibición micelial a los 96 Hrs. de evaluación de los 10 tratamientos………………………... 63 Tabla 3.7. Prueba de Tukey (α = 0.05) del
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bud Rot and Other Major Diseases of Coconut, a Potential Threat to Oil Palm
    1 Bud rot and other major diseases of coconut, a potential threat to oil palm Dollet Michel1, Hubert de Franqueville2 Michel Ducamp1 1CIRAD, TA A-98/F, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 2PalmElit - Parc Agropolis Bat.14 - 2214 Bd de la Lironde, 34980 Montferrier sur Lez INTRODUCTION Since the last quarter of the 20th century, it has had to be accepted that any pathogen can move from one continent to another, in a very short time, and affect any place on the planet. The best-known examples are animal and/or human pathogens. Reference will briefly be made to them as they are very concrete examples of the current epidemic context. However, this also applies for the spread of plant diseases that we have been witness to in the last thirty years. Not only do pathogens travel over long distances, they also “jump hosts”, be it in the Animal Kingdom or the Plant Kingdom. Climate changes may be conducive to such events. Using these data, we shall attempt to examine the possible risks of seeing pathogens of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, or even of other plants, attacking the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. DISPERSAL/PROPAGATION OF ANIMAL AND HUMAN PATHOGENS Sars The first example involves SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) which was identified in humans in China at the end of 2002. At the beginning of 2003, a hotel in Hong Kong very close to the original focus was the starting point for an epidemic that affected Vietnam, Singapore and even Toronto in Canada within a few weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.In Vitro Growth of Ceratocystis Paradoxa in Oil Palm (Elaeis
    Micología Aplicada International ISSN: 1534-2581 [email protected] Colegio de Postgraduados México Dede, A. P. O.; Okungbowa, F. I. In vitro growth of Ceratocystis paradoxa in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit extract media Micología Aplicada International, vol. 19, núm. 2, july, 2007, pp. 51-55 Colegio de Postgraduados Puebla, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68519203 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative MICOLOGIA APLICADA INTERNATIONALCERATOCYSTIS, 19(2), PARADOXA 2007, pp. 51-55 © 2007, BERKELEY, CA, U.S.A. www.micaplint.com IN VITRO GROWTHGROWTH OFOF CERATOCYSTIS PARADOXA IN OIL PALM (ELAEISLAEIS GUINEENSISGUINEENSIS) FRUITFRUIT EXTRACTEXTRACT MEDIAMEDIA A. P. O. DEDE AND F. I. OKUNGBOWA Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Nigeria. E-mail: fi [email protected]. Phone: 234-8055376204. Accepted for publication June 25, 2007 ABSTRACT The fungus Ceratocystis paradoxa, a pathogen of the oil palm and other economic crops, grows well in vitro on the oil palm fruit extract media (solid and liquid forms). A stock culture of the fungus (IMI specimen no. 79166) was used in this study, and its growth in oil palm fruit basal medium, potato dextrose and corn meal media were compared at three different temperatures (15 C, 28±2 C, 35 C). After 72 h of incubation at room temperature (28±2 C), the fungus had equal mean radial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oil palm fruit extract agar (PFEA) with a growth increase of 38 mm, while an increase of 11 mm was recorded for corn meal agar (CMA).
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratocystis Platani
    Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2014) 44 (3), 338–349 ISSN 0250-8052. DOI: 10.1111/epp.12159 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Europe´enne et Me´diterrane´enne pour la Protection des Plantes PM 7/14 (2) Diagnostics Diagnostic PM 7/14 (2): Ceratocystis platani Specific scope Specific approval and amendment This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for First approved in 2002–09. Revised in 2014–06. Ceratocystis platani.1 M.J. Wingf. & E.C.Y. Liew (from Syzygium aromaticum), Introduction C. fimbriata sensu stricto (s.s.) Ellis & Halsted (from Ipomea Ceratocystis platani causes a destructive tracheomycosis in batata), C. cacaofunesta Eng. &Harr. (from Theobroma Platanus spp. In the EPPO region, Platanus 9 acerifolia cacao), C. variospora (Davids.) C. Moreau (from Quercus (Ait.) Willd., suffers severe damage. Infected trees usually spp.), C. populicola J. A. Johnson and Harrington (from die within 3–7 years (EPPO/CABI, 1997). The disease is Populus spp.), C. caryae J.A. Johnson and Harrington (from native to the USA, and in Europe its presence is confirmed Carya spp., Ulmus spp., Ostrya virginiana), C. smalleyi J.A. in Italy, France, Switzerland and Greece. An outbreak was Johnson and Harrington (from Carya spp.), C. manginecans detected in Spain in 2010 and has been eradicated. The M. van Wyk, A Al Adawi & M.J. Wingf. (from Mangifera fungus is transmitted by contaminated pruning tools and indica), C. atrox M. van Wyk & M.J. Wingf. (from terracing machinery which causes wounding to the roots. It Eucalyptus grandis), C. tsitsikammensis Kamgan & Jol. Roux may also be transmitted by root contact (anastomosis), and (from Rapanea melanophloeos), C.
    [Show full text]
  • Date Palm Pests and Diseases Integrated Management Guide
    Date Palm Pests and Diseases Integrated Management Guide M. El Bouhssini & J.R. Faleiro (Editors) © 2018 International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) All rights reserved. ICARDA encourages fair use of this material for non-commercial purposes with proper citation. Suggested Citation El Bouhssini, Mustapha, and Jose Romeno Faleiro. Date Palm Pests and Diseases Integrated Management Guide. Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 2018. ISBN13: 978-92-9127-505-2 All responsibility for the information in this publications remains with ICARDA. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement of, or discrimination against, any product by the Center. Maps have been used to support research data, and are not intended to show political boundaries. Address Dalia Building, Second Floor, Bashir El Kasser St, Verdun, Beirut, Lebanon 1108-2010. www.icarda.org Foreword Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a major fruit crop in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The crop’s tolerance to high temperature, drought, and salinity makes it suitable to the harsh environment in the MENA region. Date palm is currently cultivated in nearly 30 countries on the Asian, African, American, and Australasian continents. There are over 100 million date palms worldwide, of which 60% are in the MENA region. Dates provide rural livelihood security to millions of farmers in the arid regions of the world and are of significance to human nutrition, due to their high content of essential nutrients. The world production of dates has increased from 1.8 million tons in 1962 to over 8.0 million tons at present.
    [Show full text]
  • AR TICLE Nine Draft Genome Sequences of Claviceps Purpurea S
    doi:10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.10 IMA FUNGUS · 9(2): 401–418 (2018) IMA Genome-F 10 ARTICLE Nine draft genome sequences of Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. arundinis, C. humidiphila, and C. cf. spartinae, pseudomolecules for the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum, draft genome of Davidsoniella eucalypti, Grosmannia galeiformis, Quambalaria eucalypti, and Teratosphaeria destructans 1 A3B4, Miao Liu D3EF1%#4GB>4, Lieschen De Vos4I> 1 B4E34J4,5>I!K4, Kasia Dadej OB3A4B%1, >D$4,5>$PT=J4>K2PF4U$I1I$G1, Quentin C. Santana4PG1, Nicole Soal4[EG4!EE4>$F4, and Michael JB4 1U\]3$!^%!'*<!$UUP&<!*! 2>\3$!^%!&<&\&<<>>\*>&_! =#%4>@>G!K\`&<+=&q;;< Iq!K\ 43A4>A4>%A@%A@?$I I$A";<DI<<;+Gv^xABz%A@K 53!$[[G?$I$A{&>|*<;G Abstract: EClaviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. Key words: arundinis, C. humidiphila and C. cf. spartinae.E Davidsoniella eucalypti, Quambalaria eucalypti and Teratosphaeria destructans, . The insect associate Grosmannia galeiformis E Fusarium Eucalyptus circinatum } Fusarium fujikuroi"EF. Poaceae circinatum$&;F. circinatumE%%G! ". Article info: Gx;&F$;<&+vx;*F$;<&+vIx&q3;<&+. IMA Genome-F 10A ! Nine draft genome sequences of " Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including # et al. 1986, Miles et al. 1996, Scott 2009). These $[ C. arundinis, C. humidiphila and C. %&'*+! cf. spartinae 1976, Miles et al. &''*34et al. &''+;<<= $ conditions 34et al. &''+!;<<*>et INTRODUCTION al. 2006) ? $ "[ Claviceps purpurea (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) is a plant \ (Poaceae \ @$ $$" © 2018 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: [ Non-commercial: No derivative works: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Ceratocystis Paradoxa Causing Internal Post-Harvest Rot Disease on Immature Coconut in Brazil
    Tropical Plant Pathology, vol. 38(2):152-157, 2013 Copyright by the Brazilian Phytopathological Society. Printed in Brazil. www.sbfito.com.br SHORT COMMUNICATION / COMUNICAÇÃO Notes on Ceratocystis paradoxa causing internal post-harvest rot disease on immature coconut in Brazil Danilo B. Pinho, Deiziane C. Dutra & Olinto L. Pereira Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil Author for correspondence: Olinto L. Pereira, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Currently there is a large and increasing demand for immature coconuts for fresh consumption of their liquid endosperm (coconut water). The occurrence of post-harvest diseases prevent its sale and change the taste, making it inappropriate for consumption. In 2011, coconut fruits showing internal post-harvest rot symptoms were found in a market in Belo Horizonte and after incubation for 5 days in a humid chamber at room temperature, fungal structures were observed. Fruiting structures show morphology typical of Ceratocystis paradoxa. For molecular identification, DNA sequences were generated for the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 and 2 including the 5.8S rRNA gene, part of the β-tubulin and the Transcription Elongation Factor 1-α gene regions. These data were compared with those of other C. paradoxa using phylogenetic analysis. Koch’s postulates was confirmed by inoculation of 6-mm-diameter PDA plugs with the isolate on fruits of coconut. Morphology of the isolates in culture as well as phylogenetic inference showed that the causal agent of internal post-harvest rot disease on coconut is C. paradoxa. Key words: Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Hypocreomycetidae, Microascales, ophiostomatoid fungi, phylogeny, Sordariomycetes.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Specialization, Intersterility, and Taxonomy of Populations Of
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2004 Host specialization, intersterility, and taxonomy of populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata from sweet potato, sycamore, and cacao Christine Jeanette Baker Engelbrecht Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Engelbrecht, Christine Jeanette Baker, "Host specialization, intersterility, and taxonomy of populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata from sweet potato, sycamore, and cacao " (2004). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 935. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/935 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Host specialization, intersterility, and taxonomy of populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata from sweet potato, sycamore, and cacao by Christine Jeanette Baker Engelbrecht A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Thomas C. Harrington, Major Professor Edward Braun Lynn Clark Russell Jurenka Gary Munkvold Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2004 UMI Number: 3145635 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • A REVIEW of Ceratocystis Sensu Stricto with SPECIAL REFERENCE to the SPECIES COMPLEXES C
    A REVIEW OF Ceratocystis sensu stricto WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SPECIES COMPLEXES C. coerulescens AND C. fimbriata Mauricio Marín Montoya 1 y Michael J. Wingfield 2 ___________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The genus Ceratocystis sensu stricto Ellis & Halst . includes many economically important plant pathogens of both angiosperms and gymnosperms, worldwide. Diseases caused by these fungi include vascular wilts, sap stains on logs and lumber, stem cankers and rots of roots, stems and fruits. Most Ceratocystis species are well adapted to dispersal by insects. Many species produce volatile metabolites with fruity odors that attract a wide range of insects to infected tissues. However, the degree of this association between insects and Ceratocystis species is highly variable, ranging from a mutualistic relationship such as that between C. polonica , C. laricicola and C. rufipennis and their specific bark beetle vectors, to non-specific associations, as are found in the case of C. paradoxa , C. fagacearum and C. fimbriata, with nitidulid beetles, flies and ambrosia beetles. The high degree of morphological similarity found amongst these fungi probably results from convergent evolution driven by selection for insect dispersal, and has made it difficult to clearly define the boundaries between species of Ceratocystis . During the course of the last decade, the use of phylogenetic studies based on comparisons of DNA sequence data has contributed substantially to clarify the taxonomy of this group of fungi. These studies have led to the conclusion that some Ceratocystis species thought to be single entities in the past actually represent complexes of cryptic species. This review is primarily intended to provide an introduction to experimental studies presented on species of Ceratocystis sensu stricto .
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Microfungi on Grasses in Thailand (Excluding Bambusicolous Fungi)
    Asian Journal of Mycology 1(1): 88–105 (2018) ISSN 2651-1339 www.asianjournalofmycology.org Article Doi 10.5943/ajom/1/1/7 Checklist of microfungi on grasses in Thailand (excluding bambusicolous fungi) Goonasekara ID1,2,3, Jayawardene RS1,2, Saichana N3, Hyde KD1,2,3,4 1 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 2 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 3 Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 4 World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China Goonasekara ID, Jayawardene RS, Saichana N, Hyde KD 2018 – Checklist of microfungi on grasses in Thailand (excluding bambusicolous fungi). Asian Journal of Mycology 1(1), 88–105, Doi 10.5943/ajom/1/1/7 Abstract An updated checklist of microfungi, excluding bambusicolous fungi, recorded on grasses from Thailand is provided. The host plant(s) from which the fungi were recorded in Thailand is given. Those species for which molecular data is available is indicated. In total, 172 species and 35 unidentified taxa have been recorded. They belong to the main taxonomic groups Ascomycota: 98 species and 28 unidentified, in 15 orders, 37 families and 68 genera; Basidiomycota: 73 species and 7 unidentified, in 8 orders, 8 families and 18 genera; and Chytridiomycota: one identified species in Physodermatales, Physodermataceae. Key words – Ascomycota – Basidiomycota – Chytridiomycota – Poaceae – molecular data Introduction Grasses constitute the plant family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), which includes over 10,000 species of herbaceous annuals, biennials or perennial flowering plants commonly known as true grains, pasture grasses, sugar cane and bamboo (Watson 1990, Kellogg 2001, Sharp & Simon 2002, Encyclopedia of Life 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Incongruence in Ceratocystis: a Clue to Speciation? Aquillah M
    Kanzi et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:362 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-6772-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenomic incongruence in Ceratocystis: a clue to speciation? Aquillah M. Kanzi1* , Conrad Trollip1,2,3, Michael J. Wingfield1, Irene Barnes1, Magriet A. Van der Nest1,4 and Brenda D. Wingfield1 Abstract Background: The taxonomic history of Ceratocystis, a genus in the Ceratocystidaceae, has been beset with questions and debate. This is due to many of the commonly used species recognition concepts (e.g., morphological and biological species concepts) providing different bases for interpretation of taxonomic boundaries. Species delineation in Ceratocystis primarily relied on genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using multiple standard molecular markers. Results: Questions have arisen regarding the utility of these markers e.g., ITS, BT and TEF1-α due to evidence of intragenomic variation in the ITS, as well as genealogical incongruence, especially for isolates residing in a group referred to as the Latin-American clade (LAC) of the species. This study applied a phylogenomics approach to investigate the extent of phylogenetic incongruence in Ceratocystis. Phylogenomic analyses of a total of 1121 shared BUSCO genes revealed widespread incongruence within Ceratocystis, particularly within the LAC, which was typified by three equally represented topologies. Comparative analyses of the individual gene trees revealed evolutionary patterns indicative of hybridization. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree generated from the concatenated dataset comprised of 1069 shared BUSCO genes provided improved phylogenetic resolution suggesting the need for multiple gene markers in the phylogeny of Ceratocystis. Conclusion: The incongruence observed among single gene phylogenies in this study call into question the utility of single or a few molecular markers for species delineation.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsidering Species Boundaries in the Ceratocystis Paradoxa Complex, Including a New Species from Oil Palm and Cacao in Cameroon
    Mycologia, 106(4), 2014, pp. 757–784. DOI: 10.3852/13-298 # 2014 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Reconsidering species boundaries in the Ceratocystis paradoxa complex, including a new species from oil palm and cacao in Cameroon Michael Mbenoun INTRODUCTION Z. Wilhelm de Beer Ceratocystis paradoxa is a soilborne fungal plant Michael J. Wingfield pathogen, widely distributed across the globe and Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute capable of infecting a broad range of hosts (Morgan- (FABI), Private Bag X20, University of Pretoria, Jones 1967, Anonymous 1987, Garofalo and McMillan Pretoria, 0028, South Africa 2004). First discovered associated with black rot of pineapple fruit in France by de Seynes (1886), the Brenda D. Wingfield impact of this fungus is best known from tropical, Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20, subtropical and arid regions where it represents a University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa serious constraint to the cultivation of monocotyle- donous crops (Kile 1993, Garofalo and McMillan 1 Jolanda Roux 2004). Some of the well known diseases caused by C. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, paradoxa include rots of pineapple, sett rot of Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20, University of Pretoria, sugarcane and bud and trunk rots affecting almost Pretoria, 0028, South Africa all species of palm (Garafalo and McMillan 2004, Girard and Rott 2004). In most previous reports identification of C. Abstract: The Ceratocystis paradoxa complex accom- paradoxa was based on morphological characters of modates a group of fungal pathogens that have the fungus and relied primarily on two studies of become specialized to infect mostly monocotyledon- approximately 100 y ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining Ceratocystis and Allied Genera
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 79: 187–219. Redefining Ceratocystis and allied genera Z.W. de Beer1*,3, T.A. Duong2,3, I. Barnes2, B.D. Wingfield2, and M.J. Wingfield1 1Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; 2Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa *Correspondence: Z.W. de Beer. [email protected] 3These authors contributed equally to this study. Abstract: The genus Ceratocystis was established in 1890 and accommodates many important fungi. These include serious plant pathogens, significant insect symbionts and agents of timber degradation that result in substantial economic losses. Virtually since its type was described from sweet potatoes, the taxonomy of Ceratocystis has been confused and vigorously debated. In recent years, particulary during the last two decades, it has become very obvious that this genus includesa wide diversity of very different fungi. These have been roughly lumped together due to their similar morphological structures that have clearly evolved through convergent evolution linked to an insect-associated ecology. As has been true for many other groups of fungi, the emergence of DNA-based sequence data and associated phylogenetic inferences, have made it possible to robustly support very distinct boundaries defined by morphological characters and ecological differences. In this study, DNA-sequence data for three carefully selected gene regions (60S, LSU, MCM7) were generated for 79 species residing in the aggregate genus Ceratocystis sensu lato and these data were subjected to rigorous phylogenetic analyses. The results made it possible to distinguish seven major groups for which generic names have been chosen and descriptions either provided or emended.
    [Show full text]