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conferenceseries.com 649th Conference International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Scientific Tracks & Abstracts (Day 1)
Page 25 Ulrike Ruprecht, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Asymmetric specialization in myco and photobionts in lichen communities from Southern Patagonia Ulrike Ruprecht University of Salzburg, Austria
ierra del Fuego (Southern Patagonia) is the closest landmass to Antarctica providing the opportunity for a comparative study Tfocusing on the diversity and specificity of myco and photobionts withinlecideoid lichen communities. Along a latitudinal gradient from Isla Navarino in the south (S55°) to Bariloche (S41°) more than 200 lecideoid lichen species were collected, following the subantarctic climate by increasing altitude to the north. Although Antarctic lecideoid lichen species have mostly a bipolar or cosmopolite distribution, we found 10 new molecular and morphologically separated species of the well described genera Lecidea and Porpidia. These highly diverse mycobionts were associated with a homogenous selection of photobionts. Network statistic revealed that mycobionts were on average more generalized in their associations than the photobionts that were often associated to few mycobionts only. However, the rather specialized photobionts were complemented by three strongly generalized species. This pattern is reflected in the modularity of the networks as the well-defined modules consisted of up to eight mycobionts but only two or three photobionts. The asymmetry in specialization in myco and photobionts sheds new light on the ecology and evolution of the associations between the symbiotic partners of these lichens.
Biography Ulrike Ruprecht has completed her PhD in 2010 at the University of Salzburg and continued her Postdoctoral studies at the same university. Currently she is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and is a Leader of the stand-alone-project ‘Diversity, ecology and specificity in Antarctic lichens’.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 27 Rishu Sharma et al., Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Identification of edible mushrooms consumed as delicacies by tribes in North-Eastern part of India using genomic tools Rishu Sharma and Sabin Rai BC Agricultural University, India
ushrooms are spongy, fleshy fungi which are edible and non-edible. The edible varieties are popular as delicacies equally Mamong the tribals as well as elite. Among the 3 million fungi, few thousands are mushrooms. In India only 5-6 edible species are grown and cultivated commercially viz. Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.), White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea), Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica), Shittake Mushroom, (Lentinula edodes) and few others are largely hunted and consumed by tribals viz. Termitomyces spp., Entoloma spp., especially in the north eastern parts of India, especially in the foothills of Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal and are called as “Chews” by locals. The identification of mushrooms has been done preciously using morphological and biochemical markers but there has always been a confusion/ambiguity in the taxonomy of the mushrooms across the world as it is greatly affected by the external environmental conditions and thus causing changes in the fructification and spore size. Thus the use molecular markers like Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Internal Transcribed spacer (RFLP-ITS), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), SSR’s, Mitochondrial SSU rDNA in identification of mushroom species and determining the phonetic distances between the species after using the phylogenetic programs CLUSTAL W and molecular evolutionary analysis using MEGA 4.0. The development of SCAR markers would be really of great help to local people to identify and consume these edible mushroom varieties and might save them from atrocities of poison.
Biography Rishu Sharma has completed her PhD in 2012 from Himachal University and presently she is working as an Assistant Professor in the University of West Bengal since past two years. She has worked on the molecular studies of mushrooms and strain improvement during her Doctoral studies. She has published research papers related in reputed journals and is also serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 28 Delfida Rodriguez Justavino et al., Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Ultrastructural details of Appendiculella sp. (Meliolales, Ascomycota) from Panama Delfida Rodriguez Justavino1 and Franz Oberwinkler2 1Universidad Autónoma de Chiriqui, Panama 2University Eberhard Karls Tuebingen, Germany
here are few ultrastructural studies showing details of the cellular interaction of Meliolaceae with their host plants. Therefore Tour goal is to compare the colonization and penetration process of Appendiculella sp. and Asteridiella callista. We found similar appressoria attached to epidermal cells of their respective hosts degradation of a small part of the basal appressorial wall which produced a penetration pore; an electron dense area in the vicinity of the penetration pore which indicates structural changes (SCH) in the epidermal cells. Similarities in the formation of an interaction apparatus. However, in Appendiculella sp., only early and late stages of the Asteridiella callista interaction type could be observed. The interaction apparatus fused to form a trunk which penetrated the host through the penetration pore and the connection between fungus and plant was established through an interaction canal. In contrast, the following ultrastructural details were only observed in Appendiculella sp., the attached appressorium penetrated the epidermis between two cells and perforated the cell walls of palisade cells. The interaction canal contained a septum-like structure. Vesicles with membranes were visible along the penetration canal and in its apex they were located in the vicinity of the fungal plasma membrane. A partial structural degradation and an electron opaque material with a mucilaginous appearance were observed in the palisade cell.
Biography Delfida Rodriguez Justavino has obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Biology at the Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui, Panama in 1996. Between 1998 and 2001 she received her Master’s degree from the University of Costa Rica. In 2003, she began with her Doctoral thesis (Doktorarbeit) at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany and completed her study in 2006. She has worked for the Ministry of Agriculture and Development of Panama (MIDA) during 2008-2011. Between 2011 and 2013, she was awarded with DAAD fellowship for Postdoctoral studies at the Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Germany. Since November 2014 she has been working at the Agricultural Research Institute of Panama (IDIAP) and concentrates in a research project about different cultivars of rice of Panama collecting lesions of Magnaporthe oryzae (Catt.) B.C. Couch., which is the causal agent of the blast rice disease.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 29 Bengyella Louis, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Temperature dependent-virulence and evidence that Cochliobolus lunatus colonizes potato by adopting different invasion strategies on cultivars Bengyella Louis University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
xtreme temperature fluctuations affect the interaction dynamics of Cochliobolus lunatus through temperature-dependent Evirulence, virulence differentiation and induced-virulence which poses a major threat to global food security. The relationship between higher temperature and pathogenicity of C. lunatus on reported hosts are poorly understood. In this study temperature stress was applied on C. lunatus to investigate the correlation among the different types of conidia. Additionally, a comparatively dissection of the invasion process, infection structures and conidial germination pattern on four different Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) cultivars were performed. Based on microscopic and secretome examination, it was found that C. lunatus adopt different hyphae morphology and septation pattern at different temperature regimes and produce different types of conidia and proteins during invasion. The study showed that four-celled conidia are overproduced at elevated temperature (>30 ºC) than one, two, three and five-celled conidia. Our finding revealed thatC. lunatus conidia exhibit bipolar germination (>14.67%, P<0.05), unipolar germination (>35.33%, P<0.05), penetrate subcutaneously via epidermal anticlinal cell wall (>0.33%, P<0.05) and differentially form appressoria-like structures during colonization of four different potato cultivars. Importantly it is shown that unipolar germination and bipolar germination in C. lunatus are independent occurring phenomenon irrespective of the host. It is confirmed that C. lunatus adopt different but highly successful strategies on four different potato cultivars to incite brown-to-black leaf spot disease. Altogether our data showed that increase temperature enhances C. lunatus virulence on different potato cultivars irrespective of their inherent thermotolerant traits.
Biography Bengyella Louis has completed his PhD from the University of Burdwan, India and Postdoctoral studies from the University of the Witwatersrand School of Cell and Molecular Biology. He is a Lecturer in the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana. He has published 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member for Springer, Elsevier, Sciencealert and Academic publishers.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 30 conferenceseries.com
conferenceseries.com 649th Conference International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Scientific Tracks & Abstracts (Day 2)
Page 35 Yoshiharu Hirano, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Japanese shiitake mushroom cultivation management Yoshiharu Hirano Assist Japan Co,. Ltd, Japan
rowing the shiitake mushroom can be natural way or artificial way. There are advantages of the artificial cultivation. First Gof all, they can adjust and choose which raw material to use. Mushroom quality will be changed by using the different materials. Secondly, there is no weather influence on the products. Artificial cultivation system controls the temperature, CO2 level, humidity level and filtered ventilation system. Artificial cultivation allows for year-round cultivation and control the product’s quality and quantity. Artificial cultivation system made the possibility of improving products such as taste and size. The example of the shiitake mushroom factory is Hirano Mushroom LLC which is located in Republic of Kosovo. This facility has made the artificial blocks and controlled the entire environment. This facility mainly makes the shiitake mushrooms and distributes the mushrooms all over the Europe.
Biography Yoshiharu Hirano has learned mushroom cultivation system at Hokkaido Mushroom Research Center (which was successfully grew shiitake mushroom on the artificial blocks). He has developed the low cost year-round mushroom growing system. He has planned and designed the Chinese Agricultural Research and Exhibition Center and also designed the largest shiitake mushroom factory in Europe (Hirano Mushroom LLC) and provided the technical support. He is one of the Board Members of this facility.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 37 Mohammad Arif Mahmud, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Overview of mushroom development in Bangladesh Mohammad Arif Mahmud Panbo Bangla Mushroom Ltd, Bangladesh
angladesh is one of the most suitable countries in the world for mushroom cultivation for its favorable climate with low Bproduction cost and high market value. In Bangladesh, mushroom cultivation started since 1976-77 by the technical and financial support of JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). To promote commercial production, a number of projects were initiated by the Government of Bangladesh under Department of Agricultural Extension. Oyster, Shitake, Reishi, Milky White, Straw, Wood ear and White Button mushroom are the varieties which have so far been produced or attempted for production in Bangladesh. Only oyster mushroom has been commercially adopted and is widely produced across the country by the mushroom producers. One of the pioneer private company namely Panbo Bangla Mushroom Ltd. (PBML) a member company of ORION GROUP has been producing white button mushroom utilizing best European raw materials and technology since 2012. PBML is a hi-tech mushroom firm and 100% export oriented mushroom growing, processing and canning plant in Bangladesh. PBML already acquired certificates of food safety standards viz. BRC (British Retail Consortium), ISO 22000:2005 system certification, HACCP system certification, GLOBALG.A.P, BSTI (Bangladesh Standards & Testing Institute) from both national and international regulatory authorities and USFDA certification under process. The production capacity of fresh mushroom is 1500-2000 MT/year and 6-8 millions pieces of 284 gm canned mushroom per year. Besides, there are some natural mushroom like Shammo oal and Harin bash oal available in Chittagong Hill Tracts. These natural mushrooms are very popular to hill dwellers due to its aromatic fragrance.
Biography Mohammad Arif Mahmud has completed his MS and PhD from Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan. He has provided consultancy in International Center for Mountain Development (ICIMOD) as a Mushroom Consultant-a UNDP-CHTDF funded project in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals. He has been serving as a Plant Manager of Panbo Bangla Mushroom Ltd., since 2010.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 38 Francisca Iziegbe Okungbowa et al., Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Pineapple fruit rot caused by Ceratocystis paradoxa and growth studies on two isolates Francisca Iziegbe Okungbowa1, Oniah Thelma1 and Esiegbuya Ofeoritste Daniel1, 2 1University of Benin, Nigeria 2Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Nigeria
ineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is a good source of minerals and vitamins. Fruit rot of pineapple caused by Ceratocystis Pparadoxa leads to huge crop losses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fruit rot caused by C. paradoxa in pineapples found in major markets in Benin City and evaluate the effect of the disease on nutritive value of the fruit as well as study the growth of the pathogen under various environmental conditions with a view to suggesting ways of controlling the disease. 50 pineapple fruits with symptoms of rot were purchased and 5 mm portions of each fruit were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar at 28±2 oC for 7 days, using standard mycological procedures with healthy pineapples as control. Pathogenicity of isolated fungi was tested while proximate analysis of rotted fruits and control was determined. Ceratocystis paradoxa was implicated as cause of rot which occurred in 54% of the pineapples. Two isolates (1 and 2) of this fungus were distinguished morphologically. Isolate 1 produced more severe symptoms. Fungal growth under different temperature, relative humidity, pH and light conditions was studied. Most mineral and vitamin content of infected fruits decreased significantly (p=0.05). The optimum growth temperature was 30 oC for both isolates. All light regimes supported growth but 24 hours darkness and 100% relative humidity were the best. The physiological responses of the two isolates to environmental factors need further study and the isolates differing in their ability to incite symptoms, provide useful information for planning disease control.
Biography Francisca Iziegbe Okungbowa has completed her PhD in 2001 at the University of Benin, Nigeria and Postdoctoral studies from Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India and University of Manchester, UK. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals. She is currently working as a Lecturer at the University of Benin, Nigeria.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 39 Hamid Badali, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
High prevalence of clinical and environmental triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Iran: Is it a challenging issue? Hamid Badali Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
riazole antifungal agents are the mainstay of aspergillosis treatment. As highlighted in numerous studies, the global increase Tin the prevalence of triazole resistance could hamper the management of aspergillosis. In the present three-year study, 513 samples (213 clinical and 300 environmental samples) from 10 provinces of Iran were processed and screened in terms of azole resistance (4 and 1 mg of itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively), using selective plates. Overall, 150 A. fumigatus isolates (71 clinical and 79 environmental isolates) were detected. The isolates were confirmed by partial sequencing of the b-tubulin gene. Afterwards, in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests against triazole agents were performed based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document. The CYP51A gene was sequenced in order to detect mutations. The MIC of itraconazole against 10 (6.6 %) strains, including clinical (n=3, 4.2%) and environmental (n=7, 8.8%) strains, was higher than the breakpoint and epidemiological cut-off value. Based on the findings, the prevalence of azole resistant A. fumigatus in Iran has increased remarkably from 3.3% to 6.6% in comparison with earlier epidemiological research. Among resistant isolates, TR34/L98H mutations in the CYP51A gene were the most prevalent (n=8, 80%), whereas other point mutations (F46Y, G54W, Y121F, G138C, M172V, F219C, M220I, D255E, T289F, G432C and G448S mutations) were not detected. Although the number of patients affected by azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates was limited, strict supervision of clinical azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates and persistent environmental screening of azole resistance are vital to the development of approaches for the management of azole resistance in human pathogenic fungi.
Biography Hamid Badali has completed his PhD from Amsterdam University, Fungal Biodiversity Center, Utrech, Netherlands and Postdoctoral studies from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands. He is the Secretary of Iranian Society of Medical Mycology. He has published more than 65 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 40 Olorunfemi Momodu Foluke et al., Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Detection of Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in locally formulated fish feeds from south-western Nigeria Olorunfemi Momodu Foluke1, 2, Odebode Adegboyega C1, Ezekiel Chibundu N3, Sulyok Michael4 and Krska Rudolf4 1University of Ibadan, Nigeria 2Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute, Nigeria 3Babcock University, Nigeria 4 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
flatoxins are potent carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by theAspergillus spp. Aspergillus section Flavi (ASF) Ais a group of molds associated with aflatoxin production. They are responsible for aflatoxicosis in humans and animals through the feed-animal-food-human chain. Detection of ASF and aflatoxins were carried out on 94 randomly collected fish feed samples from different fish farms in south-western Nigeria. ASF were detected in all samples with 1873 ASF isolated. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, unnamed taxon and Aspergillus tamari isolated was 1806 (96.40%), 12 (0.64%), 3
(0.16%) and 52 (2.78%) respectively. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 92% of samples followed by Aflatoxin G1 (85%), Aflatoxin
B2 (81%), Aflatoxin 1M (75%) and Aflatoxin 2G (36%). Highest aflatoxin concentration was at 550.8 µg per kg for aflatoxin
B1 while highest total aflatoxin concentration recorded was 826.9761 µg per kg. Percentage of samples having total aflatoxin concentration higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit (MAL) in animal feeds as recommended by USFDA (20 µg/kg) was 79.79%. Considering the high incidence of ASF and aflatoxin contamination of sampled fish feeds, the fish industries in south- western Nigeria may be at risk of economic losses due to aflatoxicosis in the fish species.
Biography Olorunfemi Momodu Foluke is currently a PhD student at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. Her research interests lies in the study of moulds, mycotoxin research, foods and feeds safety and finding methods for extending shelf life of agricultural produce. She is an awardee of Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) in Italy and has published 9 papers. Currently she is on a Research Visit to Chemistry Department of Rhodes University, South Africa, where she is developing tools to help in ameliorating multi-mycotoxins in fish feeds.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
Page 41 Mian Zhou, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA
Determine the role of codon usage in regulating protein expression, folding and function Mian Zhou East China University of Science and Technology, China
odon-usage bias has been observed in almost all genomes and is thought to result from selection for efficient and accurate Ctranslation of highly expressed genes. Many genes exhibit little codon usage bias, which is thought to reflect a lack of selection for messenger RNA translation. Alternatively, however, non-optimal codon usage may be of biological importance. By taking the frequency gene in Neurospora as an example, optimization of its codon usage profile not only elevated the expression level but also altered its protein structure and function. With further biostatistics analysis, we found genome-wide correlations between codon choices and predicted protein secondary structures: Non-optimal codons are preferentially used in intrinsically disordered regions and more optimal codons are used in structured domains. These correlations are conserved in other eukaryotes. Taken together, our results suggest that codon choices and protein structures co-evolve to ensure proper protein folding. Our study also provides guidance towards the codon optimization strategy when expressing recombinant proteins: Protein folding and function should also be considered at the same time of improving the expression level. Biography Mian Zhou has completed her PhD from UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas in 2014. Presently she is an Associate Professor in East China University of Science and Technology in Shanghai, China. By working codon bias and recombinant protein expression in fungi, she has published several papers in Nature and Molecular Microbiology.
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Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016
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