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Scientific Tracks & Abstracts conferenceseries.com conferenceseries.com 649th Conference International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA Scientific Tracks & Abstracts (Day 1) Page 25 Ulrike Ruprecht, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA Asymmetric specialization in myco and photobionts in lichen communities from Southern Patagonia Ulrike Ruprecht University of Salzburg, Austria ierra del Fuego (Southern Patagonia) is the closest landmass to Antarctica providing the opportunity for a comparative study Tfocusing on the diversity and specificity of myco and photobionts withinlecideoid lichen communities. Along a latitudinal gradient from Isla Navarino in the south (S55°) to Bariloche (S41°) more than 200 lecideoid lichen species were collected, following the subantarctic climate by increasing altitude to the north. Although Antarctic lecideoid lichen species have mostly a bipolar or cosmopolite distribution, we found 10 new molecular and morphologically separated species of the well described genera Lecidea and Porpidia. These highly diverse mycobionts were associated with a homogenous selection of photobionts. Network statistic revealed that mycobionts were on average more generalized in their associations than the photobionts that were often associated to few mycobionts only. However, the rather specialized photobionts were complemented by three strongly generalized species. This pattern is reflected in the modularity of the networks as the well-defined modules consisted of up to eight mycobionts but only two or three photobionts. The asymmetry in specialization in myco and photobionts sheds new light on the ecology and evolution of the associations between the symbiotic partners of these lichens. Biography Ulrike Ruprecht has completed her PhD in 2010 at the University of Salzburg and continued her Postdoctoral studies at the same university. Currently she is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and is a Leader of the stand-alone-project ‘Diversity, ecology and specificity in Antarctic lichens’. [email protected] Notes: Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016 Page 27 Rishu Sharma et al., Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA Identification of edible mushrooms consumed as delicacies by tribes in North-Eastern part of India using genomic tools Rishu Sharma and Sabin Rai BC Agricultural University, India ushrooms are spongy, fleshy fungi which are edible and non-edible. The edible varieties are popular as delicacies equally Mamong the tribals as well as elite. Among the 3 million fungi, few thousands are mushrooms. In India only 5-6 edible species are grown and cultivated commercially viz. Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.), White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea), Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica), Shittake Mushroom, (Lentinula edodes) and few others are largely hunted and consumed by tribals viz. Termitomyces spp., Entoloma spp., especially in the north eastern parts of India, especially in the foothills of Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal and are called as “Chews” by locals. The identification of mushrooms has been done preciously using morphological and biochemical markers but there has always been a confusion/ambiguity in the taxonomy of the mushrooms across the world as it is greatly affected by the external environmental conditions and thus causing changes in the fructification and spore size. Thus the use molecular markers like Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Internal Transcribed spacer (RFLP-ITS), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), SSR’s, Mitochondrial SSU rDNA in identification of mushroom species and determining the phonetic distances between the species after using the phylogenetic programs CLUSTAL W and molecular evolutionary analysis using MEGA 4.0. The development of SCAR markers would be really of great help to local people to identify and consume these edible mushroom varieties and might save them from atrocities of poison. Biography Rishu Sharma has completed her PhD in 2012 from Himachal University and presently she is working as an Assistant Professor in the University of West Bengal since past two years. She has worked on the molecular studies of mushrooms and strain improvement during her Doctoral studies. She has published research papers related in reputed journals and is also serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute. [email protected] Notes: Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016 Page 28 Delfida Rodriguez Justavino et al., Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA Ultrastructural details of Appendiculella sp. (Meliolales, Ascomycota) from Panama Delfida Rodriguez Justavino1 and Franz Oberwinkler2 1Universidad Autónoma de Chiriqui, Panama 2University Eberhard Karls Tuebingen, Germany here are few ultrastructural studies showing details of the cellular interaction of Meliolaceae with their host plants. Therefore Tour goal is to compare the colonization and penetration process of Appendiculella sp. and Asteridiella callista. We found similar appressoria attached to epidermal cells of their respective hosts degradation of a small part of the basal appressorial wall which produced a penetration pore; an electron dense area in the vicinity of the penetration pore which indicates structural changes (SCH) in the epidermal cells. Similarities in the formation of an interaction apparatus. However, in Appendiculella sp., only early and late stages of the Asteridiella callista interaction type could be observed. The interaction apparatus fused to form a trunk which penetrated the host through the penetration pore and the connection between fungus and plant was established through an interaction canal. In contrast, the following ultrastructural details were only observed in Appendiculella sp., the attached appressorium penetrated the epidermis between two cells and perforated the cell walls of palisade cells. The interaction canal contained a septum-like structure. Vesicles with membranes were visible along the penetration canal and in its apex they were located in the vicinity of the fungal plasma membrane. A partial structural degradation and an electron opaque material with a mucilaginous appearance were observed in the palisade cell. Biography Delfida Rodriguez Justavino has obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Biology at the Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui, Panama in 1996. Between 1998 and 2001 she received her Master’s degree from the University of Costa Rica. In 2003, she began with her Doctoral thesis (Doktorarbeit) at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany and completed her study in 2006. She has worked for the Ministry of Agriculture and Development of Panama (MIDA) during 2008-2011. Between 2011 and 2013, she was awarded with DAAD fellowship for Postdoctoral studies at the Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Germany. Since November 2014 she has been working at the Agricultural Research Institute of Panama (IDIAP) and concentrates in a research project about different cultivars of rice of Panama collecting lesions of Magnaporthe oryzae (Catt.) B.C. Couch., which is the causal agent of the blast rice disease. [email protected] Notes: Virol Mycol 2016 Volume 5 Issue 2(Suppl) ISSN: 2161-0517 VMID, an open access journal Mycology 2016 September 12-14, 2016 Page 29 Bengyella Louis, Virol Mycol 2016, 5:2(Suppl) http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011 conferenceseries.com International Conference on Mycology & Mushrooms September 12-14, 2016 San Antonio, USA Temperature dependent-virulence and evidence that Cochliobolus lunatus colonizes potato by adopting different invasion strategies on cultivars Bengyella Louis University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana xtreme temperature fluctuations affect the interaction dynamics of Cochliobolus lunatus through temperature-dependent Evirulence, virulence differentiation and induced-virulence which poses a major threat to global food security. The relationship between higher temperature and pathogenicity of C. lunatus on reported hosts are poorly understood. In this study temperature stress was applied on C. lunatus to investigate the correlation among the different types of conidia. Additionally, a comparatively dissection of the invasion process, infection structures and conidial germination pattern on four different Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) cultivars were performed. Based on microscopic and secretome examination, it was found that C. lunatus adopt different hyphae morphology and septation pattern at different temperature regimes and produce different types of conidia and proteins during invasion. The study showed that four-celled conidia are overproduced at elevated temperature (>30 ºC) than one, two, three and five-celled conidia. Our finding revealed that C. lunatus conidia exhibit bipolar germination (>14.67%, P<0.05), unipolar germination (>35.33%, P<0.05),
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