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Urfa Bölgesinde Devlet Adamları Ve Komutanlar

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Urfa Bölgesinde Devlet Adamları Ve Komutanlar •• • URFA BOLGESINDE DEVLET ADAMLARI VE KOMUTANLAR (M.Ö. XIV.Yüzyıl - M.S.1920) Selahaddin Eyyubi GÜLER ŞURKAV YAYlNLARI: 22 ŞURKAV Şanlıurfa Kültür, Eğitim, Sanat ve Araştırma Araştırma Vakfı Yayınları No: 22 Tarih Dizisi : 6 Birinci Basım: Ekim 1999 ISBN 975-7394-20-3 Kapak Sabri Kürkçüoğlu Sayfa Düzeni: Orhan Aydın Dizgi Selahaddin Eyyfıbi Güler Baskı :NUROL Matbaacılık ve Ambalaj San.A.Ş. Tel: 0312 267 19 45 Fax: 0312 267 19 50 ANKARA Şanlıurfa Valisi Sayın Şahabettin HARPUT'a ... ŞURKAV ŞANLIURFA iLi KÜLTÜR EGiTiM SANAT VE ARAŞTIRMA VAKFI 25 Aralık 1990 tarihinde Şanlıurfa Valiliği öncülüğünde kurulan Vakıf; Şanlıurfa ilinin tarihini, kültür ve san'at eserlerini ortaya çıkararak yaşatmak; bu maksat doğrultusunda konferans, sempozyum, panel, kongre, seminer, sergi, anma günleri ve benzeri faaliyetler düzenlemek,iştirak etmek, maddi ve manevi katkılarda bulunmak; korunmaya değer kültür tabiat ve san'at varlıklarını korumak ve tanıtımını sağlamak; bunun için gerekli restorasyon ve çevre düzenlemeleri yapmak, projeler hazırlamak; Şanlıurfa ilinin tarihi ve kültürel değerlerinin tanttılması için gerekli araştırma, derleme ve inceleme çalışmaları yapmak; bu alanda yapılan çalışmalart desteklemek amaçlarını taşımaktadır. şunKAV, Vakıflar genel )Ylüdürlüğünce 199� yılmda tesbit edilen en başarılı üç vakıftan biri olmuştur. TAKDİM Tarihçilerin "Be re ke tli Hilal" olarak vasıflandırdıkları, Urfa'nın da içinde bulunduğu topraklar, asırlar boyunca bir cazibe merkezi haline gelmiş, daima "kuvvetlinin hakim olduğu dünya" da sürekli el değiştirmiş tir. Dolayısıyla buraya hükmeden devlet adamları ve komutanların sayısı da bereketli olmuştur. Urfa Tarihi üzerinde çeşitli araştırma ve yayınları bulunan Selahaddin Eyyub1 Güler; kendi çaplarında tarihi hadiselerin seyrini değiştiren bu kişileri, uzun ve yorucu bir çalışma ile kronolojik bir tasnife tabi tutmuş ve elinizdeki eser meydana gelmiştir. Coğrafik konumu ve özel tarihi değerleri ile çeşitli uygarlıklara merkez olmuş Şanlıurfa' da uzun süreli güçlü krallıklar kurulmuş olduğu gibi, kısa süreli el değiştirmeler de meydana gelmiştir. Eserde Hititler Dönemi'nden günümüze kadar geçen zaman içerisinde görev almış veya olaylardan kendisine görev çıkarmış olan bu tarihi şahsiyetleri mümkün olduğunca icraatlarıyla birlikte tanımış ve hatırlamış olacaksınız. Urfa bölgesindeki devlet adamları ve komutanlar, elbette kitapta yazılanlardan ibaret değildir. Kendi alanında ilk olan bu eser, sürekli genişletilme şansına da sahiptir. Elde edilecek yeni bilgilerle yeni isimler, ilaveler yapılabilecektir. Eserin ileriki yıllarda ikinci bir baskısı düşünüldüğünde, yazarının bunları da değerlendirmesiyle daha geniş bir kitabın oluşması muhakkak tır. V Yerli ve yabancı yüzlerce kaynağın taranınası suretiyle büyük bir ernekle hazırlanan "Urfa Bölgesinde Devlet Adamları ve Komutanlar " kitabı mevcut haliyle de Şanlıurfa ile ilgili tarihi araştırma yapacak olanlara bir kaynak teşkil edecek h ü vi yettedir. Yararlı kültürel çalışmasından dolayı Tarih Araştırmacısı Selahaddin Eyyubi Güler'i tebrik ile eserin yayınlanmasında emeği geçeniere teşekkür ediyorum. Şahabe ttin HARPUT Şanlıurfa Valisi ŞURKAV Başkanı VI Ö N S Ö Z Yukarı Mezopotamya'nın en eski kentlerinden birkaçının kurulmuş olduğu Urfa bölgesi, eski çağlardan günümüze kadar, çok çeşitli kültür ve medeniyetlere beşiklik etmiştir. Verimli arazisi ve batısını çevreleyen Fırat N ehri, her devirde bölgenin cazibesini arttırarak çeşitli millet ve devletlerin buraya sahip olma arzularını kamçılamıştır. Bundan dolayı Urfa bölgesi, her devirde, ya güçlü krallıkların hakimiyetine girmiş ya da civarındaki siyasi teşekküller arasında kısa süreliğine birçok kez el değiştirmiştir. Bununla birlikte Urfa bölgesi, yüzyıllarca savaş, kuşatma ve göçlere sahne olmuştur. Yüzyıllarca süren bu savaş, kuşatma ve diğer faaliyetlerde öncülük etmiş tarihi şahsiyetlerin kimler olduğunun ve bölgemizde ne gibi faaliyetlerde bulunduklarının bilinmesi ve bunların Urfa kültürünün istifadesine sunulması gerekiyordu. Bu devlet adamları ve komutanlar tanındığı takdirde, Urfa bölgesinin en eskiçağlardan başlayıp günümüze kadar gelen, canlılığını ve çekiciliğini halen muhafaza eden engin tarihi, biraz olsun tanınmış ve önemi bir kat daha artmış olacaktır. VII Dört yıllık bir ça�_ışmanın urunu olan elinizdeki bu kitapta M.O. XIV. yüzyılda Hititler döneminden başlayıp M.S.l920' deki Milli Mücadele döneminin sonuna kadar 179 devlet adamı ve komutanın, 31 ana başlık altında Urfa bölgesindeki çeşitli faaliyetleri anlatılmaktadır. Kendi konusunda yapılan ilk çalışma oluşu nedeniyle bu eserin, eksik ve hatalarma rağmen (hatalar bize aittir) geçici de olsa şimdilik önemli bir boşluğu dolduracağı kesindir. Bu çalışma daha önce "Urfa Bölgesinden Geçen, Kenti ve Civarını Ziyaret Eden veya Kuşatan Devlet Adamları ve Komutanlar" adı altında Bizim Şanlıurfa dergisinde ll sayıda yayınlanmıştı. Eldeki mevcut çalışmamıza bazı yeni kaynakları tarayarak birçok ekleme yapıp genişlettik ve şu anda elinizdeki kitap ortaya çıktı. Yukarıda belirtilen tarihi süreç içinde kral, imparator, sezar, hükümdar, melik, naib, emir, hakim, sultan, halife, prens, general, kont, padişah, vezir, bey, subay, astsubay ve vali ünvanlı devlet adamı ve komutan tespit edilerek bölgemizdeki çeşitli faaliyetleri kronolojik bir formda sıralanmıştır. Bunlar, ele geçirme, kuşatma, işgal, yağma, tahribat, katliam, ikamet, davet, yardım, ziyaret, tehcir, teftiş gezisi, isyan bastırma, ajanlık, inşa etme ve geçici olarak yönetme türü faaliyetlerdir. Bölge ile ilgisi olup ta rastlayamadığımız tarihi şahsiyetler de mutlaka olacaktır.Ancak, tespit edebildiklerimizin çoğu Yakındoğu tarihinde iz bırakmış ve unutulmayan ünlü şahsiyetlerdir. Halk arasında söylenen bazı rivayetlere göre, kentin bazı yerlerinde gömülü bazı zatların, bilinmeyen tarihlerde Urfa'yı almaya gelen ordular arasında bulunmuş ve savaşırken şehit düşmüş komutanlar olduklarından bahsedilme ktedir. Biz, bu VIII komutanları da kitabımıza almak isterdik Ancak, bu zatlar hakkında yeterli bilgi ve yazılı belgeye şimdiye kadar rastlanılmamıştır; bundan başka, hangi tarihlerde ve hangi milletin ordusuyla buraya geldikleri konusu da henüz belli değildir. Kitapta bahsi geçen devlet adamları ve komutanların adları yanında bulunan parantez içindeki rakamlar, o şahsın saltanat veya Urfa bölgesindeki görev sürelerini göstermektedir. Ekler bölümüne, "Edessa Krallığı Döneminden Günümüze Kadar Urfa Vali ve Yöneticileri" ve "Osmanlıdan Günümüze Kadar Belediye Başkanları " adı altında iki listeyi ekledik. Bu çalışmada kaynak temini hususunda yardımını gördüğüm, Müze müdürümüz merhum Adnan MISI�' a Allah'tan rahmet diliyoruz, ruhu şad olsun. Il Halk Kütüphan�?i personeline, yakın ilgile­ rinden dolayı tıarran U� . Fen-Ed.Fak. Arkeoloji ve Sa.p.at T:!lrilJ.i Oğret�.m Uyesi Yard. Doç. A.Çihat K�JRI$ÇUOGLU'na, Oğreti� Görevlisi Sabri KURK­ ÇUOGLU'na, yine Harran Un. Fen-Edeb. Fak.Arkeoloji ve Sanat Tarihi Bölümü Araştırma Görevlisi. Bahattin ÇELİK' e, Orhan AYp IN' a, Mahmut KARAKAŞ' a, Ş.Müslüm ŞAHAPOGLU'na ve Mustafa ACAR'a, Avukat dostlarım Ahmet Nusret ÇIKKAN ve Mehmet KILIÇ'a gönülden teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Gayret bizden, tevfik, hidayet ve muvaffak1yet Allah'tandır. URFA, 22 EYLÜL 1999 Selahaddin E. GÜLER IX İÇİNDEKİLER TAKDİM 1 V ÖNSÖZ 1 VII KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ 1 XVIII 1) HİTİTLER DÖNEMİ Biyassili 1 1 Mattiwaza 1 1 II) ASURLULAR DÖNEMİ I.Adad-Nirari 1 1 I. Salmanassar 1 2 I.Tiglathpileser 1 2 II. Adad-Nirari 1 2 III. Salmanassar 12 III.Tiglathpileser 1 3 Asarhaddon 1 3 Asurbanipal 1 3 II.Asuruballit 1 4 III) KELDANİLER DÖNEMİ N abopolassar 1 4 Nabona'id 1 5 IV) SELEUKOSLAR DÖNEMİ I.Seleukos Nikator 1 5 V) EDESSA KRALLIGI DÖNEMİ Lucius Afranius 1 6 Licinius Crassus 1 6 Sanatruk 1 7 Trajanus 1 7 XI Lucius Quietus 1 7 Parthamaspat 1 8 Lucius Verus 1 8 A vidius Cas s i us 1 8 Septimius Severus 1 8 Antoninus Caracalla 1 9 I.Erdeşir 1 9 VI) ROMA İMPARATORLUGU DÖNEMİ Timesitheus 1 9 I.Şahpur 1 10 Valerianus 1 10 'Uzeyne (Odaenathos) 1 ll Narseh 1 ll Galerius 1 ll II.Şahpur 1 12 II.Konstantius 1 12 Sabinianus 1 12 Julianus Apostata 1 12 Valens 1 13 Basık ve Kursık 1 13 VII) BİZANS İM PARATORLUGU DÖNEMİ III.Nu'man İbn-ül Esved 1 13 Appion 1 14 Areobindus 1 14 I.Kubad 1 14 Halepli Calliopius 1 15 I.Hüsrev Anuşirevan 1 15 Mehbod 116 Şapur Mihran 1 16 Azermahan 1 16 Priskus 1 17 VIII) SASANİ KRALLIGI DÖNEMİ II.Hüsrev Perviz 1 17 IX) BiZANS İMPARATORLUGUNUN II.DÖNEMİ Ioannes Kateas 1 17 XII X) DÖRT HALİFE DÖNEMİ İyad b. Ganem 1 18 Sa'id b. Amr el-Hizyem /19 XI) EMEVİLER DÖNEMİ Mesleme b. Abdülmelik 1 20 II.Mervan 1 20 XII) ABBASiLER DÖNEMİ Ebu Ca'fer el-Mansur 1 20 'Amr b.Abdülaziz es-Sülerni 1 21 Tahir b. el Hüseyin 1 21 El-Me'mun 1 21 General Ioannes Kurkuas 1 23 I.Ioannes Tzimisces 1 23 Hibbetullah b. Nasrüddevle 1 24 Ebu Tağlib Fadlullah 1 24 Vessab b. Sabık en-Nılmeyri 1 24 XIII) MERV ANİLER DÖNEMİ Emir Zengi / 24 XIV) BİZANS İMPARATORLUGUNUN llLDÖNEMİ Emir Selman 1 25 Georgios Maniakes 1 25 Şebib b.Vessab en-Nılmeyri 1 26 Hassan b. el-Cerrah et-Ta'i 1 26 Meni' b. Şebib en-Nılmeyri /27 Salar-ı Horasan 1 28 Hacib Gümüştekin 1 28 Emir Afşin 1 28 Emir Ahmedşah 1 28 Alp Arslan / 28 Gümüştekin el-Candar / 29 Vasil 1 30 Şerefüddevle Müslim b.Kureyş 1 30 Emir H üsrev 1 30 XIII XV) ERMENİ PHILARETOS BRACHAMIOS DÖNEMİ Philaretos Brachamios 1 31 XVI) BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR DÖNEMİ Sultan Melikşah 1 31 Emir Bozan 1 31 XVII) ERMENi THOROS DÖNEMİ Thoros 132 Kutalmışoğlu Alp İlek 1 32 Fahr'ül Mülılk Rıdvan 1 33 Yağısıyan 1 33 Artukoğlu Mu'inüddevle Sökmen 1 33 Balduk 1 33 Çökürmüş 1 33 XVIII) HAÇLI KONTLUGU
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