Elongated Face Medical Term
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59. Lateral Facial Clefts
59 LATERAL FACIAL CLEFTS LI OR TRANSVERSE CLEFTS ARE CONSIDERED THE RESULT OF FAILURE OF MESODERM MIGRATION OR MERGING TO OBLITERATE MANDIBULAR THE EMBRYONIC GROOVES BETWEEN THE MAXILLARY AND PROMINENCES TRANSVERSE CLEFTS AS THESE CLEFTS ARE RARE AND ALMOST EVERYBODY HAVING ONE HAS AND REPORTED IT IT IS POSSIBLE TO REVIEW MOST OF THE REPORTED CASES 769 DESCRIBED THE AFTER WHEN NOTE TREATMENT SPECIFIC CASE RECORDINGS IN WHAT MAY SEEM HELTERSKELTER ARRANGEMENT GENERALIZATIONS MAY BE OF VALUE IN 1891 ROSE NOTED FOR LONG THE VERY EXISTENCE OF THIS MACROSROMATOUS DEFORMITY WAS DOUBTED BUT CASES HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED MORE OR LESS SINCE 1715 WHEN MURALT PICTURED IT FOR THE FIRST TIME ONE OF THE FIRST CASES REPORTED WAS BY VROLIK WHOIN HIS 1849 CLEFTS WORK GAVE SEVERAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF COMMISSURAL AS WELL AS OTHER DEFORMITIES OF THE FACE OTHER CASES WERE REPORTED BY REISSMANN IN 1869 AND MORGAN IN 1882 MACROSTOMIA OR COMMISSURAL HARELIP ACCORDING TO ROSE IS DIAMETER OF WHICH EVIDENCED BY AN INCREASED THE MOUTH MAY VARY IN FROM SLIGHT INCREASE TO CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE CASE RE PORTED BY RYND IN 1862 THE MOUTH OPENING EXTENDED AS FAR AS THE THE LEFT FIRST MOLAR ON THE RIGHT SIDE AND TO THE LAST MOLAR ON IN 1887 SUTTON PUBLISHED THE DRAWING OF CHILD WITH VERY LARGE RED CICATRIX THIS CLEFT THE ANGLES OF WHICH GRADUALLY PASSED INTO SCAR ENDED IN GAPING WOUND OVER THE TEMPORAL REGION EXTEND ING TO THE DURA MATER ROSE ALSO POINTED OUT MACROSROMA IS NOR ONLY ATTENDED BY GREAT DISFIGUREMENT HUT IS ALSO TROU BLESOME FROM THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF THE CHILD RETAINING -
Global Human Mandibular Variation Reflects Differences in Agricultural
Global human mandibular variation reflects differences in agricultural and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel1 Department of Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom Edited by Timothy D. Weaver, University of California, Davis, CA, and accepted by the Editorial Board October 19, 2011 (received for review August 12, 2011) Variation in the masticatory behavior of hunter-gatherer and has been found (14, 15) that global patterns of mandibular var- agricultural populations is hypothesized to be one of the major iation do not follow a model of neutral evolution. forces affecting the form of the human mandible. However, this If the null model of evolutionary neutrality can be rejected for has yet to be analyzed at a global level. Here, the relationship global patterns of human mandibular variation, alternative non- between global mandibular shape variation and subsistence eco- neutral hypotheses must be considered. One of the most obvious nomy is tested, while controlling for the potentially confounding alternative models is that agricultural populations will experience effects of shared population history, geography, and climate. The different biomechanical or selective pressures on mandibular results demonstrate that the mandible, in contrast to the cranium, shape than hunter-gatherers, such that modifications have occurred significantly reflects subsistence strategy rather than neutral either via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection. Previous genetic patterns, with hunter-gatherers having consistently longer morphometric studies (23, 24) found some geographical patterning and narrower mandibles than agriculturalists. These results sup- in mandibular morphology, as well as a signal of climatic and/or port notions that a decrease in masticatory stress among agricul- masticatory plasticity. -
Standard Human Facial Proportions
Name:_____________________________________________ Date:__________________Period: __________________ Standard Human Facial Proportions: The standard proportions for the human head can help you place facial features and find their orientation. The list below gives an idea of ideal proportions. • The eyes are halfway between the top of the head and the chin. • The face is divided into 3 parts from the hairline to the eyebrow, from the eyebrow to the bottom of the nose, and from the nose to the chin. • The bottom of the nose is halfway between the eyes and the chin. • The mouth is one third of the distance between the nose and the chin. • The distance between the eyes is equal to the width of one eye. • The face is about the width of five eyes and about the height of about seven eyes. • The base of the nose is about the width of the eye. • The mouth at rest is about the width of an eye. • The corners of the mouth line up with the centers of the eye. Their width is the distance between the pupils of the eye. • The top of the ears line up slightly above the eyes in line with the outer tips of the eyebrows. • The bottom of the ears line up with the bottom of the nose. • The width of the shoulders is equal to two head lengths. • The width of the neck is about ½ a head. Facial Feature Examples.docx Page 1 of 13 Name:_____________________________________________ Date:__________________Period: __________________ PROFILE FACIAL PROPORTIONS Facial Feature Examples.docx Page 2 of 13 Name:_____________________________________________ Date:__________________Period: -
Oral Lesions in Leprosy
Study Oral lesions in leprosy Ana Paula Fucci da Costa, José Augusto da Costa Nery, Maria Leide Wan-del-Rey de Oliveira, Tullia Cuzzi,* Marcia Ramos-e-Silva Departments of Dermatology & *Pathology, HUCFF-UFRJ and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Address for correspondence: Marcia Ramos-e-Silva, Rua Sorocaba 464/205, 22271-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Leprotic oral lesions are more common in the lepromatous form of leprosy, indicate a late manifestation, and have a great epidemiological importance as a source of infection. Methods: Patients with leprosy were examined searching for oral lesions. Biopsies of the left buccal mucosa in all patients, and of oral lesions, were performed and were stained with H&E and Wade. Results: Oral lesions were found in 26 patients, 11 lepromatous leprosy, 14 borderline leprosy, and one tuberculoid leprosy. Clinically 5 patients had enanthem of the anterior pillars, 3 of the uvula and 3 of the palate. Two had palatal infiltration. Viable bacilli were found in two lepromatous patients. Biopsies of the buccal mucosa showed no change or a nonspecific inflammatory infiltrate. Oral clinical alterations were present in 69% of the patients; of these 50% showed histopathological features in an area without any lesion. Discussion: Our clinical and histopathological findings corroborate earlier reports that there is a reduced incidence of oral changes, which is probably due to early treatment. The maintenance of oral infection in this area can also lead to and maintain lepra reactions, while they may also act as possible infection sources. -
Ackerman's Tumour of Buccal Mucosa in a Leprosy Patient
Lepr Rev (2013) 84, 151–157 CASE REPORT Ackerman’s tumour of buccal mucosa in a leprosy patient MANU DHILLON*, RAVIPRAKASH S. MOHAN**, SRINIVASA M. RAJU***, BHUVANA KRISHNAMOORTHY* & MANISHA LAKHANPAL* *Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, India **Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India ***Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, India Accepted for publication 23 April 2013 Summary Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen’s bacillus). Oral manifestations occur in 20–60% of cases, usually in lepromatous leprosy, and are well documented. They may involve both the oral hard and soft tissues. Incidence of verrucous carcinoma/Ackerman’s tumour developing in anogenital region and plantar surfaces of feet in lepromatous leprosy has been sufficiently documented in the literature. However, association of oral verrucous carcinoma with lepromatous leprosy has not been established. We report for the first time a case of verrucous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa occurring in a leprotic patient, with brief review of literature on orofacial manifestations of leprosy. Introduction Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic, contagious granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen’s bacillus). The disease presents polar clinical forms (the ‘multibacillary’ or lepromatous leprosy, and ‘paucibacillary’ or tuberculoid leprosy), -
Otocephaly: Agnathia-Microstomia-Synotia Syndrome Tanya Kitova1, Borislav D Kitov2
CASE REPORT Otocephaly: Agnathia-Microstomia-Synotia Syndrome Tanya Kitova1, Borislav D Kitov2 ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to present otocephaly, which is a rare congenital lethal malformation. Until this moment, only a little bit more than 100 cases worldwide were reported, and only 22 cases of prediagnosed otocephaly. Background: Otocephaly or agnathia-microstomia-synotia syndrome (SAMS) is characterized by agenesis of mandible (agnathia), disposition or fusion of the auricle (synotia), microstomia, and complete or partial lack of language (aglossia), which often ends up lethal. Case description: A 499.7 g male fetus was obtained after a therapeutic abortion during the 23rd gestational week at the Center for Maternity and Neonatology, Embryo-fetopathology Clinic, Tunis, Tunisia. The mother is an 18-year-old with close relative marriage with first-degree incest, primigravida. Examination of the fetus revealed microcephaly with craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, closed eyelid exophthalmos, one nostril, point microstomia, mandibular agenesis, bilateral, and auditory cysts of neck. The ears are located at the level of the neck. A study of the brain and the base of the skull revealed holoprosencephaly and sphenoid bone agenesis. There are no internal organ abnormalities. Conclusion: In cases where, at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, polyhydramnios is detected, inability to visualize the mandible, and malposition of ears, otocephaly should be suspected. In these cases, the decision to interrupt pregnancy should be taken by a multidisciplinary team, after an magnetic resonance imaging, which is much better in visualizing location of the ears and other facial malformations and the presence of other associated anomalies. -
The Development of a Whole-Head Human Finite- Element Model for Simulation of the Transmission of Bone-Conducted Sound
The development of a whole-head human finite- element model for simulation of the transmission of bone-conducted sound You Chang, Namkeun Kim and Stefan Stenfelt Journal Article N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. Original Publication: You Chang, Namkeun Kim and Stefan Stenfelt, The development of a whole-head human finite-element model for simulation of the transmission of bone-conducted sound, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016. 140(3), pp.1635-1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4962443 Copyright: Acoustical Society of America / Nature Publishing Group http://acousticalsociety.org/ Postprint available at: Linköping University Electronic Press http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133011 The development of a whole-head human finite-element model for simulation of the transmission of bone-conducted sound You Chang1), Namkeun Kim2), and Stefan Stenfelt1) 1) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden 2) Division of Mechanical System Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea Running title: whole-head finite-element model for bone conduction 1 Abstract A whole head finite element model for simulation of bone conducted (BC) sound transmission was developed. The geometry and structures were identified from cryosectional images of a female human head and 8 different components were included in the model: cerebrospinal fluid, brain, three layers of bone, soft tissue, eye and cartilage. The skull bone was modeled as a sandwich structure with an inner and outer layer of cortical bone and soft spongy bone (diploë) in between. The behavior of the finite element model was validated against experimental data of mechanical point impedance, vibration of the cochlear promontories, and transcranial BC sound transmission. -
Comparison of Cadaveric Human Head Mass Properties: Mechanical Measurement Vs
12 INJURY BIOMECHANICS RESEARCH Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Workshop Comparison of Cadaveric Human Head Mass Properties: Mechanical Measurement vs. Calculation from Medical Imaging C. Albery and J. J. Whitestone This paper has not been screened for accuracy nor refereed by any body of scientific peers and should not be referenced in the open literature. ABSTRACT In order to accurately simulate the dynamics of the head and neck in impact and acceleration environments, valid mass properties data for the human head must exist. The mechanical techniques used to measure the mass properties of segmented cadaveric and manikin heads cannot be used on live human subjects. Recent advancements in medical imaging allow for three-dimensional representation of all tissue components of the living and cadaveric human head that can be used to calculate mass properties. A comparison was conducted between the measured mass properties and those calculated from medical images for 15 human cadaveric heads in order to validate this new method. Specimens for this study included seven female and eight male, unembalmed human cadaveric heads (ages 16 to 97; mean = 59±22). Specimen weight, center of gravity (CG), and principal moments of inertia (MOI) were mechanically measured (Baughn et al., 1995, Self et al., 1992). These mass properties were also calculated from computerized tomography (CT) data. The CT scan data were segmented into three tissue types - brain, bone, and skin. Specific gravity was assigned to each tissue type based on values from the literature (Clauser et al., 1969). Through analysis of the binary volumetric data, the weight, CG, and MOIs were determined. -
Adult Human Ocular Volume
ogy: iol Cu ys r h re P n t & R y e s Anatomy & Physiology: Current m e o a t r a c n h Heymsfield et al., Anat Physiol 2016, 6:5 A Research ISSN: 2161-0940 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0940.1000239 Research Article Open Access Adult Human Ocular Volume: Scaling to Body Size and Composition Steven B Heymsfield1*, Cristina Gonzalez M2, Diana Thomas3, Kori Murray1, Guang Jia4, Erik Cattrysse5, Jan Pieter Clarys5,6 and Aldo Scafoglieri5 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA 2Post-Graduation Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Brazil 3Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA 4Department of Medical Physics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA 5Experimental Anatomy Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium 6Radiology Department, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium *Corresponding author: Steven B Heymsfield, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA, Tel: 225-763-2541; Fax: 225-763-0935; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: August 6, 2016; Accepted date: August 24, 2016; Published date: August 30, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Heymsfield SB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Objectives: Little is currently known on how human ocular volume (OV) relates to body size or composition across adult men and women. This gap was filled in an exploratory study on the path to developing anthropological and physiological models by measuring OV in young healthy adults and related brain, head, and body mass along with major body components. -
Prevalence and Incidence of Rare Diseases: Bibliographic Data
Number 1 | January 2019 Prevalence and incidence of rare diseases: Bibliographic data Prevalence, incidence or number of published cases listed by diseases (in alphabetical order) www.orpha.net www.orphadata.org If a range of national data is available, the average is Methodology calculated to estimate the worldwide or European prevalence or incidence. When a range of data sources is available, the most Orphanet carries out a systematic survey of literature in recent data source that meets a certain number of quality order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of rare criteria is favoured (registries, meta-analyses, diseases. This study aims to collect new data regarding population-based studies, large cohorts studies). point prevalence, birth prevalence and incidence, and to update already published data according to new For congenital diseases, the prevalence is estimated, so scientific studies or other available data. that: Prevalence = birth prevalence x (patient life This data is presented in the following reports published expectancy/general population life expectancy). biannually: When only incidence data is documented, the prevalence is estimated when possible, so that : • Prevalence, incidence or number of published cases listed by diseases (in alphabetical order); Prevalence = incidence x disease mean duration. • Diseases listed by decreasing prevalence, incidence When neither prevalence nor incidence data is available, or number of published cases; which is the case for very rare diseases, the number of cases or families documented in the medical literature is Data collection provided. A number of different sources are used : Limitations of the study • Registries (RARECARE, EUROCAT, etc) ; The prevalence and incidence data presented in this report are only estimations and cannot be considered to • National/international health institutes and agencies be absolutely correct. -
Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
7 38 207 e 1. Oral and maxillofacial diagnostics n i István Sonkodi 2. Developmental and genetic disorders c 3. Bacterial diseases i 4. Protozoan diseases d 5. Viral diseases e 6. Fungal diseases Oral and maxillofacial 7. Diseases of the lips l m 8. Tongue diseases (glossopathies) a medicine 9. Physical, chemical and iatrogenic harms i 10. Immune-based mucocutaneous diseases c 11. Granulomatous mucocutaneous diseases a f 12. Oral manifestation of systemic diseases o 13. Skin and mouth diseases in the orofacial region l l 14. Colour and pigmentation disorders of the skin and i mucous membrane x 15. Benign tumors a 16. Oral precancers and white lesions 17. Malignant oral tumors 18. Treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases d m (manufacturer's products) 19. Differential diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases n l a a r O ISBN 978 9879 48 5 Semmelweis Publisher 9 789639 879485 István Sonkodi Oral and maxillofacial medicine Diagnosis and treatment István Sonkodi Oral and maxillofacial medicine Diagnosis and treatment 5 Table of contents 1. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (plurioroficialis lentiginosis) 37 DIAGNOSTICS Sebaceus nevus (Jadassohn’s nevus) 38 Congenital epulis 38 Case history 15 Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (Elephantiasis gingivae) 39 Preventive examinations 15 Fibrous developmental malformation and palatal torus 39 Detailed clinical examination 16 Primary lymphoedema (Nonne-Milroy’s disease) 40 Further examinations 19 Neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen’s disease) 40 Epidermolysis bullosa 41 Basal cell -
Physical and Geometric Constraints Shape the Labyrinth-Like Nasal Cavity
Physical and geometric constraints shape the labyrinth-like nasal cavity David Zwickera,b,1, Rodolfo Ostilla-Monico´ a,b, Daniel E. Liebermanc, and Michael P. Brennera,b aJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; bKavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and cDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Leslie Greengard, New York University, New York, NY, and approved January 26, 2018 (received for review August 29, 2017) The nasal cavity is a vital component of the respiratory system take into account geometric constraints imposed by the shape that heats and humidifies inhaled air in all vertebrates. Despite of the head that determine the length of the nasal cavity, its this common function, the shapes of nasal cavities vary widely cross-sectional area, and, generally, the shape of the space that it across animals. To understand this variability, we here connect occupies. To tackle this complex problem, we first show that, nasal geometry to its function by theoretically studying the air- without geometric constraints, optimal shapes have slender flow and the associated scalar exchange that describes heating cross-sections. We then demonstrate that these shapes can be and humidification. We find that optimal geometries, which have compacted into the typical labyrinth-like shapes without much minimal resistance for a given exchange efficiency, have a con- loss in performance. stant gap width between their side walls, while their overall shape can adhere to the geometric constraints imposed by the Results head. Our theory explains the geometric variations of natural The Flow in the Nasal Cavity Is Laminar.