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Annual Report 2015-2016 1 ICAR - National Research Centre for Banana Production the Biochemical Mechanism of ‘Green Ripe’ in a Dessert Banana Was Unravelled

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Annual Report 2015-2016 1 ICAR - National Research Centre for Banana Production the Biochemical Mechanism of ‘Green Ripe’ in a Dessert Banana Was Unravelled Citation ICAR – NRCB, 2016. Annual Report 2015 – 16. ICAR – National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirapalli Editors Dr. P. Giribabu Dr. J. Poorani Dr. I. Ravi Dr. K. N. Shiva Dr. M. S. Saraswathi Published by Dr. B. Padmanaban Acting Director ICAR – National Research Centre for Banana Thayanur Post, Thogamalai Road Tiruchirapalli – 620 102 Tamil Nadu, India Photocredits Mr. P. Ravichamy A B A) Bunch sprayed with Trichoderma asperellum B) Bunch sprayed with carbendazim Designed & Printed at Sri Sakthi Promotional Litho Press No. 283, Masaniamman Nagar, Anna Nagar East, Edayarpalayam, Coimbatore – 641 025 Phone: 0422 – 2403500 E mail: [email protected] Web: www.sakthipress.com Page S.No. CONTENTS No. 1 Preface 2 Executive Summary 1 3 Introduction 6 4 Research Achievements 12 4.1 Crop Improvement 12 4.2 Crop Production and Post-Harvest Technology 26 4.3 Physiology and Biochemistry 35 4.4 Crop Protection 40 4.5 Externally Funded Projects 47 5 Technology Assessed and Transferred 61 6 Education and Training 63 7 Awards and Recognitions 66 8 Linkages and Collaborations 68 9 Publications 69 10 Consultancy Services and Commercialization of Technologies 76 11 IRC / RAC / IMC Meetings 80 Human Resource Development : Training / Refresher Course/ Summer/ 12 Winter Institutes/ Seminar/ Conference/ Symposia/ Workshop attended 82 by the Scientists and other Staff 13 Workshops, Seminars, Farmers day, etc. organized at the Centre 87 14 Distinguished Visitors 88 15 Empowerment of Women 88 16 Personnel 89 17 Other Informations 91 18 Annexure I 95 19 Annexure II 98 PREFACE It gives me great pleasure to inform that ICAR–National Research Centre for Banana has been awarded ISO 9001:2008 certification. Salient research progress has been made during 2015–16 is presented in this report. During 2015-16, twenty four new banana germplasm lines were added to the field gene bank. Phenotyping of 54 germplasm accessions led to the identification of three wilt resistant accessions viz. Manohar (BB), Borkal Baista (BB) and Musa acuminata ssp. burmannica. The centre has identified a superior progeny of Bhat Manohar (progeny no. 667) having a yield potential of 19.5 kg bunch. Under breeding for nematode resistance, the Centre has produced progenies of cv. Nendran crossed with cvs. Rose and Pisang Lilin, which performed better in terms of yield. The Centre has identified salicylic acid as defense priming and reduced root-lesion nematode infection in nematode susceptible banana cv. Nendran. Carrageenan, a sea weed derived from Eucheuma cottonii as a cost effective substitute for gelling agent in tissue culture medium has been identified and evaluated. SSR markers which can distinguish the leaf spot resistant cultivars from the susceptible ones have been developed. Musa Transcriptome SSR database (MusatransSSRDB) was further updated using advanced bioinformatics tools like MUSABLAST and MUSASAT. Significant research achievements were made by Scientists of the Production section comprising of Horticulture (Production), soil science, physiology, biochemistry and post-harvest technology. Nutrient dynamics studies in banana cvs. Ney Poovan and Rasthali gave insights into the nutrient composition of crop residue and residue derived vermicompost. Foliar priming of banana cv. Grand Nain with acetyl salicylic acid (0.1mM) and butylated hydroxy toluene (100 ppm) mitigated the drought stress and improved bunch weight to 18.78 kg comparable to irrigated conditions. Proteomic studies on banana fruit have identified 43 differentially expressed proteins. Transgenics of iron rich banana cvs. Rasthali and Grand Nain were produced using the iron gene construct pBMGFDC- 53 carrying OsNAS1 gene. Post–harvest losses in popular banana cultivars in four districts of Tamil Nadu indicated the loss to the extent of 16.50% in ‘Poovan’ 10.52% in Grand Nain. Value added products like banana fruit and central core (stem) juice based jellies, Ginger and nannari flavoured banana central core juice and banana flour based biscuits were developed. Noteworthy achievements have been made by the Protection Scientists of entomology, pathology, virology and nematology. Thirty three accessions were identified as resistance against banana weevils. Natural enemies of banana weevils and skipper were identified from different parts of India. Liquid formulation of endophytes viz. Bacillus flexus and Trichoderma asperellum were identified as promising agents for Fusarium wilt disease management. Zimmu leaf extract has been identified as excellent botanical pesticide for the management of wilt and post–harvest diseases. The occurrence of Banana Mild Mosaic Virus is reported for the first time in India. Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) based detection of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and Banana Streak Mysore Virus has been standardized at this Centre. Two banana cultivars, viz. Bangrier and Saba, cooking bananas have been identified as moderately resistant to root-lesion nematode. Under HRD, seven scientific, five technical, one administrative and two skilled supporting staff were trained and I am sure this will improve their performance. A total of 14 research papers having good impact factor have been published from the Centre and 10 research papers were presented in various forum. The centre has conducted 12 on–campus training programs which include tissue culture production, improved production and post–harvest techniques and production of value added products from banana. The centre also conducted off–campus training programmes for the farmers in the North eastern states under Tribal Sub Plan. I congratulate and thank Dr. J. Poorani, Chairperson and Drs. I. Ravi, K.N. Shiva, M.S. Saraswathi and P. Giribabu, members of the Publication Committee for their good work in compiling, editing and bringing out this annual report. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. S. Ayyappan, Ex–Secretary, DARE & DG, ICAR and to Dr. T. Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR for their valuable guidance and Dr. N.K. Krishna Kumar, Dy. Director General (Hort. Science), ICAR for his constant inspiration and encouragement, also his keen interest in improving ICAR–NRCB. (B. Padmanaban) Acting Director ICAR - National Research Centre for Banana in nematode susceptible banana cv. Nendran. 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Use of Carrageenan, a sea weed derived from Improvement Eucheuma cottonii as a substitute for gelling agent Field gene bank of ICAR–NRCB, in tissue culture medium reduced the medium Tiruchirappalli, was strengthened by the cost by 42-61%. Macropropagation in cv. addition of 27 germplasm accessions including Rasthali resulted in the production of 14.5 plants 24 cultivated and three wild accessions. in a short span of 37.42 plants during the tertiary Morphotaxonomic characterization was decortication stage as against 10-12 suckers completed for five germplasm accessions using produced in its life span of 12-13 months. In Musa descriptor. DNA profiles were developed silico derived SSRs were able to distinguish the for 16 plantain types using ISSR markers and this Mycosphaerella eumusae resistant cultivars from would serve as reference for use in genetic fidelity the susceptible ones. Comparative proteomic testing. Out of 54 germplasm accessions, which analysis was carried out between embryogenic were screened under pot culture conditions for (EC) and non-embryogenic calli (NEC) of cv. Fusarium wilt resistance, only three accessions, Rasthali and results indicated that 5 spots were namely Manohar (BB), Borkal Baista (BB) and uniquely expressed in NEC than EC. Their Musa acuminata ssp. burmannica were resistant to analysis would lead to the understanding of Fusarium wilt (VCG 0124). Out of four ICAR– molecular mechanism underlying the process NRCB selections tested, selection–08 (Saba) was of somatic embryogenesis and help to rectify found to be moderately resistant to Fusarium the problems associated with it so that the EC% wilt with a score of 3.1. A score card has been could be enhanced in recalcitrant varieties. developed for the evaluation of varieties / About 874 batches of tissue culture plants hybrids. Among the 22 open pollinated progenies at various stages of production (Grand Nain, of Bhat Manohar, progeny no. 667 performed Williams, Robusta, Neypoovan, Red banana, better in terms of yield (19.5kg as against Quintal Nendran, etc.) were tested for their 10.5kg). This could be used either directly for genetic fidelity using SSR and ISSR markers commercial cultivation or in the development and reports issued. Mother cultures of cvs. of superior triploids by crossing with diploids. Udhayam and Rasthali were supplied to HRC, Breeding for nematode resistance in cv. Nendran Nagicherra, Agartala, Tripura and IGKV, has led to the development of two progenies, viz., Raipur, Chhattisgarh. ECS of cv. Rasthali and NCR12/17 (Nendran x cv. Rose) and NPL12/33 cv. Grand Nain, respectively were supplied to (Nendran x Pisang Lilin) which yielded 12.5 Indian partners (NABI and BARC) including and 9.5kg respectively. Gene expression studies ICAR-NRCB after checking their regeneration during pollen–stigma interactions indicated that efficiency. Musa Transcriptome SSR database Pectin esterase and EXO70A1 which are highly (MusatransSSRDB) was further updated responsible for pollen hydration and germination using advanced bioinformatics tools like were upregulated in cv. Saba at 5 and 45 (MAP) MUSABLAST and MUSASAT. Links are also at 6-fold and 2-fold, respectively leading to seed provided for the online bioinformatics
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