HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT

FF AA CC UU LL TT YY CC LL UU BB University of California Berkeley, California

Prepared by Knapp Architects San Francisco, California

July 23, 2009 Image courtesy of Google Earth Pro. (February 2009.) Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT

A. Executive Summary 3

B. Introduction 6

C. Site History 14

D. Club History and Historical Context 28

E. Architects Maybeck, Howard, Perry,

Wellington and Goodman 100

F. Artists Boynton, Nahl, and Schnier 108

G. Design and Development of the

Building 113

H. Construction Chronology 140

I. Description 147

J. Selected Architectural Elements 177

K. General Conditions 184

L. Significance and Integrity 187

M. Ratings and Significance 194

N. Recommendations 197

July 23, 2009 1 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

II. BIBLIOGRAPHY

III. APPENDICES

A. Significance Diagrams

B. Conditions Assessment

C. Original Construction Documents

D. Room/Space Dedication Biographies

E. A Cartoon

July 23, 2009 2

The Faculty Club represents one of the University of California’s most remarkable and enduring institutions. With humble beginnings, the core of the Arts and Crafts/Mission style building was conceived by Bernard Maybeck as a simple clubhouse which was nestled in a tree lined glade. Harmonious additions and alterations were designed by John Galen Howard, Warren Perry, Winfield Wellington, Michael Goodman, as well as Downs and Lagorio. More than a building, the Faculty Club has hosted numerous discussions which have, no doubt, had effects on the world as we know it today.

I. HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Commissioned by the Physical and Environmental Planning (PEP) unit of Capital Projects in connection with possible changes to the Faculty Club, this document summarizes historical information and observations of current conditions to provide a convenient reference.

While intended primarily as a resource for understanding what makes this property historically important, this document also addresses historical considerations related to management of the existing resources, and development. While the site and its landscape are considered briefly where they relate to architecture, especially in relation to the original design of the building, this report emphasizes architecture.

This report traces the development of the club, its major architectural influences, and provides a capsule account of the formation of the club. It includes a description of the buildings today, a statement of historical significance and integrity, evaluation of the significance of major spaces and architectural features and materials, and recommendations for treatment.

The Faculty Club, including Faculty Glade, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NPS- 82004641) as part of the 1982 multiple resource nomination which encompassed 17 of the most significant resources on the UC Berkeley campus. It is

July 23, 2009 4 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley significant at the state level as CA State Historic Landmark no. 946, for its association with construction/design values. The building is a remarkable example of the Mission Revival, Shingle style, and later First and Second Bay Area Tradition design principles which distinguish the work of its many contributors including Bernard Maybeck, John Galen Howard and Warren Perry. In the glade, northwest of the club, is a California buckeye tree which is a City of Berkeley Landmark.

July 23, 2009 5

B. INTRODUCTION

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

B. INTRODUCTION

This Historic Structure Report (HSR) follows a general format used for decades in the United States to compile and evaluate information relating to the significance of historic properties. The purpose of a historic structure report is to research and analyze information about a historic property, to convey what it is, explain why it is historically significant, and facilitate informed decisions on how to manage the property. While an HSR is not encyclopedic and does not answer every question about a property, it does strive to identify relevant resources and suggest where additional study, investigation, or testing is needed. Ideally, it therefore functions as the historic baseline document and should be useful for decades.

Organization and Media

This historic structure report begins by laying out the history and the context of the Faculty Club. Information about the individuals most important to the property rounds out this background. A description of the building follows. The exterior elevations and interior spaces, along with the primary materials and features, are classified according to their historical significance, with a list of features which should be preserved. Then the report traces the major alterations to help the reader understand the identity and role of different elements. A construction chronology provides a simple reference.

July 23, 2009 7 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Following this history and evaluation is a discussion of the current condition. The report recommends where additional study is merited, and recommends the repairs and rehabilitation necessary to maintain or restore historical integrity. The report also provides planning and architectural recommendations.

Methodology

This report was compiled from site observations conducted by the primary preparers, background documents and information provided by the University of California, office of Physical and Environmental Planning (PEP), and archival research in many research facilities. The study team observed the buildings, using digital cameras and paper survey forms to record conditions. The survey did not include physical testing or use sensing instruments. The study team did not perform research about the condition and modes of deterioration of the materials. Where recommendations are offered for rehabilitation or further study, they are based on general experience in architecture. Testing, structural evaluations, and conservation assessments where recommended in this study would provide the information needed to identify specific causes of damage and materials and methods for correcting it. While this report includes information which would be useful in devising a maintenance program, it is not a maintenance plan.

The UC Berkeley Capital Projects division provided schematic plans of the buildings from the plan room and archives. The study team obtained additional

July 23, 2009 8 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley photographs, drawings, and written accounts from the following repositories:

Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association, Berkeley

Berkeley Historical Society, Berkeley

California Historical Society, Baker Library, San Francisco

City of Berkeley, Department of Building Inspection, Berkeley

Department of the Interior, National Park Service

San Francisco Public Library, San Francisco

Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California: CHRIS Northwest Information Center

University of California: The Bancroft Library, Berkeley

University of California: College of Environmental Design Archives and Library, Berkeley

The research included primary and secondary documents at the above repositories. While primary research conveyed in this documentation traces the original design and development of the building, this report also relies on secondary sources. Readers should consult the primary sources for a full understanding of specific parts of the property or aspects of its development. The references cited in this report are not exhaustive; future study and design may require use of specialized information not consulted or not available for this report.

July 23, 2009 9 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

This study generally uses the National Register of Historic Places Criteria. The National Register is the official federal roster of historic properties worthy of preservation; the Keeper of the Register and the National Park Service (NPS) prepare the criteria under which potential resources are evaluated for inclusion in the Register. The NPS, state agencies, and other government, and professionals in private practice have relied on the National Register Criteria for decades to determine whether properties are historically significant, and to identify the level of significance, area(s) of significance, and historical context(s) of eligible properties. The criteria provide invaluable guidance and authoritative consistency in determining whether resources retain their historical integrity and what their character-defining features are. The National Register Criteria underlie the hierarchy of significance and the assessment of condition used in this HSR for components and elements.

When evaluating the significance and condition of buildings, architectural historians typically use a rating scale to rank the architectural and historic value of the building, its rooms or spaces, as well as individual features. The typical rating scale employs four categories: "Very Significant," "Significant," "Contributing," and "Non-Contributing." The use of the terms "Very Significant" or "Significant" here does not necessarily equate to the same meaning for those words as they are used in the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The fact a space or feature is called "Very Significant" or "Significant" in the Historic Structure Report does not of necessity mean

July 23, 2009 10 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley that the alteration or removal of that space or the entire structure would meet the CEQA criteria for what is called a "Significant impact on the environment." For this HSR, the four categories are defined as follows:

Very Significant (VS)

The element was built during the period of significance.

It is architecturally significant.

It contributes significantly to the overall character.

It remains intact or with only minor alterations.

It is in good condition.

VS elements are highly sensitive to change.

Significant (S)

The element was built during the period of significance, but

It is of secondary importance,

It has been altered, and/or

It is in fair or poor condition, or

The element was not built during the period of significance, but is architecturally significant.

S elements are sensitive to change.

Contributing (C)

The element was built during the period of significance, but is not architecturally significant, or

The element was not built during the period of significance, but is architecturally compatible with the original.

July 23, 2009 11 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Non-Contributing (NC)

NC elements are less sensitive to change.

The element was not built during the period of significance, or

It has been subjected to major additions or incompatible alterations, or

It is incompatible in style, material, scale, character or use with the original building, or

It is in poor condition.

NC elements are not particularly sensitive to change.

Condition

A visual appraisal of the current condition of building elements:

Excellent (E)

The element is in near original condition.

Good (G)

The element is mostly intact.

Fair (F)

The element is showing signs of wear or deterioration.

Poor (P)

The element is badly damaged, missing, or not functioning.

Unknown (U)

The element is not accessible for inspection.

July 23, 2009 12 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Preparers

Knapp Architects of San Francisco researched and prepared this report. Frederic Knapp, AIA, was principal in charge; Christopher Pollock acted as researcher and site surveyor; Melissa Bleier was historical researcher; and Laurent de Martel was CAD drafter.1 Beth Piatnitza was Associate Director of Planning, and Planning Analyst Steven Finacom acted as researcher and document coordinator for PEP.

Building Name

The building is known as the Faculty Club of the University of California at Berkeley. The room names and numbers are those currently in use by the club. Not all areas have given names or numbers. In these circumstances directional descriptions have been used.

1Frederic Knapp, AIA, meets The Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards in Historic Architecture and Architecture (36 Code of Federal Regulations 61).

July 23, 2009 13

C. SITE HISTORY

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

C. SITE HISTORY

The East Bay

The oldest extant structure in the East Bay is what is now known as Mission San Jose, which was built in 1797. (See Figure 1) This religious settlement was preceded by encampments of Native Americans known as the Costanoan, or Ohlone, and may have been part of the Chochenyo-speaking tribal groups. With settlement by the Spanish, who encroached on the Figure 1 - Mission San Jose. Image courtesy The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Native American population, the culture was eventually decimated. The only extant physical remains of this culture were the great heaps of shell mounds along San Francisco Bay, castoffs from the earliest inhabitants’ main food source.1 Some two decades after the establishment of Mission San Jose saw the granting of a large tract of land, San Antonio Rancho, to Don Luis Maria Peralta which covered the area including today’s Albany, Berkeley, Emeryville, Alameda and a portion of San Leandro. In turn Peralta divided the property among his four sons. Today there are only two extant structures from this period, one of them the Vallejo Adobe in Niles, built in 1843. The other is the two-story Martinez Adobe in Martinez constructed in 1848. Anglo- American settlers came to the region after 1846 and settlement occurred starting in Benicia in 1847, Oakland in 1849, Vallejo, Hayward, San Leandro and Alameda in

1 In 1902 burial remains and shell mounds were excavated in the vicinity of Second Street and University Avenue. Additionally stone outcroppings in the Berkeley Hills were used as acorn grinding mortars. Wiles, p. 211.

July 23, 2009 15 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

1850; and Piedmont and West Berkeley, then known as Ocean View, in 1852.2

A stagecoach line passed along the future San Pablo Avenue in the 1860s, providing communication with and travel to other towns north and south. In the 1870s, a ferry line was established between Berkeley and San Francisco, creating further connections, especially with the rapidly growing areas around the University which commenced operations at the Berkeley campus site in 1873. Early Berkeley, however, connected primarily by train and roadway with Oakland to the south.

Building construction and styles in the region followed the patterns of other regions. Post-adobe construction went into dimensional wood balloon construction with the advent of major timber resources and their associated sawmills outside the Bay Area. Stylistically the East Bay reflected the prevailing Victorian era styles which ran the gamut chronologically starting with Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Pioneer False-front, Bracketed Italianate, Raised Basement Cottage, Italianate Villa, Stick, Stick-Eastlake, Queen Anne, Craftsman Bungalow, Shingle and Colonial Revival. These later styles continued into the early 20th Century.

In the 1850s the private College of California purchased a tract of land in what it later named Berkeley for its new campus. For financial reasons the College remained at its original site in what is now Downtown Oakland, although some improvements, such as a water

2 Wilson, p. 11-12.

July 23, 2009 16 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley distribution system, were made to the Berkeley property. Subsequently, the land was transferred to the State of California and became the new site of the University of California.

Site Description

The University of California

The University of California was one of the sixty-eight land grant colleges established to benefit from the federal Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. Created by the State of California, the University also benefited from a simultaneous gift of assets of the private College of California. The private College, founded in the 1850s, was located in Oakland. The College planned a new campus to be located north of Oakland, in what was then an area of open farmland, and acquired the site, but did not have the funds to construct buildings there or relocate. In 1866 the College named this site “Berkeley,” which later was adopted as the name for not only the campus but the town which grew up around it and incorporated in 1878.

With funding scarce for the private college, a decision was made to dissolve the institution and donate the land holdings and other assets to the State of California, in return for a guarantee from the State that the educational focus of the College – what today would be called the classics, humanities, and liberal arts – would be merged into the new State institution, along with the State’s focus on “practical” instruction in fields such as agriculture and mining.

July 23, 2009 17 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

In 1868, Governor Henry Haight signed what is now known as the Organic Act of the University of California, which established the University itself, The Regents as its governing body and the requirement that they make immediate permanent improvements to the plan and landscape of the new University.3

Frederick Law Olmsted was commissioned to plan the College of California campus at its new Berkeley site in 1866. This original plan was never implemented since no buildings were constructed and the College never shifted operations to the Berkeley site, but its design influenced the architects who helped the campus grow in the early years.4 The need for a new master plan was underscored by the fact that the original Olmsted design had been created for a small college campus, and the needs of a full-fledged state University were quite different. A competition was held in 1868, with local architects John Wright and George Sanders being the winners.

Though their plan was “enthusiastically adopted” by The Regents, the architects were dissatisfied with the amount of money they were being paid and subsequently removed themselves from the project.5 The years following saw a number of architects involved in the growth of the University. David Farquharson and Henry Kenitzer were hired by The Regents to continue

3 Helfand, p. 6.

4 Ibid, p. 4.

5 Ibid, p. 7.

July 23, 2009 18 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley the architectural development of the University in 1869. Farquharson and Kenitzer were responsible for South Hall, the first permanent building of the new University of California campus, developed for the College of Agriculture.

The Regents, as well as the architects whom they hired, continued to use Frederick Law Olmsted’s original plans for the college site. However, by 1874, when William Hammond Hall was hired to develop the landscape of the University, the original drawing of Olmsted’s final campus plan had quite literally been lost.6 Hall, who had also drafted the primary design for San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, produced a revised plan for the Berkeley campus, building on Olmsted’s concepts.

By the close of the 19th Century, the UC was disjointed architecturally and the design of the campus as a whole was losing its cohesiveness. Wood and brick buildings of various styles and sizes had been sited about the grounds as funding and need dictated. By 1895, University enrollment had grown to “more than 1,300 students, about seven times that when the campus opened in 1873”7 and the need for a comprehensive campus plan and new facilities was great.

The resources to create an enduring and ambitious plan came from a philanthropist who would not only influence the direction of the University campus with a world-wide architectural competition, but who would also become

6 Ibid, p. 8.

July 23, 2009 19 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley the University’s first female regent. Phoebe Apperson Hearst was the widow of Senator George Hearst and funded the International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan of the University of California.

Phoebe Hearst (See Figure 2) was born in Franklin County, Missouri, and moved to California with her husband in 1862.8 (See Figure 2) George Hearst was extraordinarily lucky in the California gold fields, and also invested in the larger and more successful mines throughout the West. Hearst was elected to the US Senate in 1887, and served until his death in 1891.9 His only son, William Randolph Hearst, was born in 1863 and grew up traveling the world with his mother, Phoebe. William got an early start on his future media empire when his father handed him control of the San Francisco Examiner, which George had acquired as payment for a gambling debt. Figure 2 - Phoebe Apperson Hearst, the first woman Regent of UC and whose monies funded a master plan for the campus. Image courtesy The Bancroft Library, University of California, When George died in 1891, Phoebe was the sole heir to Berkeley. the fortune that her husband had amassed over the years. She returned to California from Washington, DC, maintained residences in several locations including Pleasanton, San Francisco and, for a time, Berkeley, and renewed her dedication to the philanthropic support of educational programs.10

7 Ibid, p. 9.

8 www.hearstcastle.org, Phoebe Hearst.

9 www.hearstcastle.org, George Hearst.

10 www.hearstcastle.org, Phoebe Hearst.

July 23, 2009 20 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Already active on the University campus creating support and scholarships for women students, Phoebe Hearst approached University President Martin Kellogg with the idea of constructing a building for the College of Mining in order to honor her late husband. She also wanted to fund a second building, Hearst Hall. Hearst Hall was to be a “reception and women’s social hall”11 that would complement the Hearst Memorial Mining Building. Kellogg approached the only architect on the faculty, Bernard Maybeck, who was then teaching mechanical drawing. Once Maybeck had sketched a building concept for Mrs. Hearst, the question arose as to where on the campus it should be placed.

Architect Maybeck and Regent Jacob Reinstein encouraged the creation of an overall plan for the campus to guide the siting of such new permanent structures. Considering the disparate architectural design of the campus so far, Phoebe Hearst stepped forward and offered to sponsor an architectural competition that would establish a “comprehensive and permanent plan for the buildings and grounds of the University.”12 Phoebe Hearst agreed to fund the two buildings she had originally planned for, and to fund the competition fully so that “the architect will simply design” while others “must provide the cost.”13 The competition called for a total of 28 buildings which would ignore the existing campus buildings but enhance the natural beauty of the campus itself.

11 Helfand, p. 10.

12 Ibid, p. 10.

13 Ibid, p 11.

July 23, 2009 21 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

This competition was announced in 1897 and was open to an international field of competitors, who had January through June of 1898 to submit their designs. There were eleven final entrants considered for the honor of designing the new campus plan. The first round of judging for the competition was held in Antwerp, and yielded no architect local to California. The final stage and announcement of the winner was held at the Ferry Building in San Francisco in the fall of 1899. The French architect Henri Jean Émile Bénard (See Figure 3) was awarded the prize, with all the runners up being American firms from the East Coast.14 Bénard’s design was deemed beautiful, but his attitude and reluctance to work with Phoebe Hearst soon took its toll. Bénard had refused to come and visit the Berkeley site during the Figure 3 - Henri Jean Émile Bénard, self portrait. Bénard was the winner of the master plan competition, and when his plans won the Hearst prize, competition. Image courtesy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_B%C3% he found that a complete revision was necessary. A9nard. Rather than continue to work around these conflicts, The Regents dismissed Bénard, even though they had adopted his revised plans in 1900.

Replacing Bénard was John Galen Howard, an architect from Boston, and later New York, whose firm had placed fourth in the competition and who was originally appointed as a consultant for the University’s implementation of Bénard’s design. Howard was favored by many local architects such as Bernard Maybeck, as well as by Phoebe Hearst, who had chosen him to design the Hearst Memorial Mining Building. By 1901, when Howard was hired, Phoebe

14 Ibid, p. 12.

July 23, 2009 22 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Hearst had already become the University’s first woman regent, and Howard had already begun the design for the Mining building.

During Howard’s tenure as Supervising Architect at the University, Julia Morgan worked under Howard as his assistant. She helped draw the elevations for the master plan and assisted Howard during the construction of the Greek Theatre. While Morgan worked for Howard and was involved in the design and construction management of the project, Howard was the design architect for the Greek Theatre. One year after the completion of the Greek Theatre, Julia Morgan opened her own practice.15

In 1898, with the final stages of the Phoebe Hearst Competition under way, President Kellogg retired from the University. Although he had suggested several local candidates, The Regents thought that it would be more Figure 4 - Émile Bénard’s winning plan for the University, Hearst Competition, 1900. Image beneficial to bring an Eastern influence to their growing courtesy of University Archives, Bancroft Library, University. Benjamin Ide Wheeler of Cornell University University of California. was appointed president of UC in July of 1899 and was to serve for twenty years.16 Under his guidance, the University not only tripled in size, but began to establish its reputation as one of the finest universities in the nation.17 A graduate of Brown University, Wheeler came to Berkeley directly following a sabbatical in Athens. Wheeler, who had been a been a professor of both comparative philology and Greek during his tenure at

15 www.hearstcastle.org, Julia Morgan.

16 Wardrip, p. 26. 17 www.berkeley.edu/about/history/#brief.

July 23, 2009 23 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Cornell, brought with him a “love of classical antiquity”18 which matched well with the Athens of the West image that the University was developing.19 President Wheeler was also instrumental in encouraging John Galen Howard to come to the University. He was interested in having him not only as the supervising architect but as a professor as well. Phoebe Hearst had already hired Howard as the architect for the Hearst Memorial Mining Building, and in 1901 he accepted the position as supervising architect, and began incorporating his own ideas and more importantly fiscal realities on the University plan.20 Howard had a Figure 5 - Benjamin Ide Wheeler, President of the simpler, plan for the University and worked to University of California. Photo courtesy of http://history.library.ucsf.edu/portraits_N_Z.html incorporate that into the design that had been left from

Bénard.21

Howard’s approach to the campus plan was to adapt the plan to the site’s conditions. He used elements of the Howard and Cauldwell competition entry such as the east-west axis but placed the buildings more symmetrically. The grounds were split into four functional sections with a large domed auditorium at the base of the hill as the focal point. In 1908 this plan was officially adopted. There was another revision in 1914 to the campus plan which specifically excluded dormitories Figure 6 - Detail of campus plan by John Galen from the campus. In 1914 there was a $1.8 million bond Howard showing his early concept for the layout of campus precincts and his differentiation of major issue. The bond passed and four additional structures axes. Image courtesy of University Archives, Bancroft Library, University of California. were built including the iconic Campanile, or Sather

18 Helfand, p. 15.

19 Cal Performances Centennial, p. 9.

20 Wardrip, p. 31.

21 Ibid, p. 32.

July 23, 2009 24 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Tower which marked the center point of the two main axes of the campus plan. By the early 1920s five more structures were added.

Two major events happened in 1919 which would have an effect on Howard’s future. Regent Phoebe Apperson Hearst died and President Wheeler retired – both who were supporters of the sometimes controversial Howard. In November of 1924 Howard’s contract was abruptly cancelled but he stayed on to teach at the architecture school until his death in 1931.

George Kelham succeeded Howard as supervising architect but not officially until 1927. During his term he designed nine buildings and one addition but no work was done on the master plan during his time there. In 1931 a change occurred where no single authority would again head the campus’s building program. Rather President Sproul established an Advisory Committee on Campus Development and Building headed by Warren C. Perry. In 1933 Perry prepared a restudy of the central axis. With the death of Kelham in 1936 it was another two years before Arthur Brown Jr. was given the now diminished post. Another political change happened in 1944 when the Office of Architects and Engineers (A&E) was established under chief architect Robert J. Evans. His group delivered a new campus plan in 1951 which was the groundwork for the officially adopted long range development plan for the campus in 1956. Post-war the University decided to acquire 45 acres, mostly in Berkeley’s Southside district, for construction of high-rise residence halls. The University received $27 million which was available

July 23, 2009 25 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley through a state public works program. By 1952 there was to be housing for 25% of the student body. Another group, this time the three-member high-level Committee of Campus Planning, was appointed in 1955 by The Regents. Included was William Wurster who succeeded Perry in 1950. During the later 1950s several modernist structures were built across the campus putting an end to the rigid formalism of the earlier years.

Several remnants of Native Americans have been found on the Faculty Club site at various times. Based on some of the latter dates, these finds seem related to construction periods of the Club: 1907 "Native American skeletal remains representing one individual found during excavation of a water pipeline trench near the Faculty Club...Remains found overlying in a shell deposit..."

1907 "Skeletal remains of a Native American infant found near the Faculty Club close to those remains found the previous day. Remains found within the shell deposit..."

1914 "Remains of four Native American individuals including one woman found along Strawberry Creek, found during excavations for a new kitchen annex to be built onto the Faculty Club. Artifacts found in association with the burials including a mortar..."

1914 "Records that there is a shell deposit across the entire Faculty Club glade to a depth of several feet. Professor

July 23, 2009 26 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

A.L. Kroeber states that the site was an occupation site..."

1925 "A Native American skeleton found during excavation for a new extension for the Men's Faculty Club..."

1925 "A third Native American skeleton was found during excavations for the Men's Faculty Club..."22

22 http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/01/stadium-archreport.pdf, p. 49-50.

July 23, 2009 27

D. CLUB HISTORY AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

D. CLUB HISTORY AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT

The University of California – and its original Berkeley campus, in particular – grew up around a “German model” of higher education. In the 19th Century there were two prominent organizational models for universities. One, based on the English universities, including Oxford and Cambridge, provided not only academic facilities but living, dining, and socializing quarters and organizations for the faculty and students, expressed in the form of the residential “college” which would later be replicated at leading American private universities such as Harvard and Yale. At these colleges many students and faculty could spend, if they wished, their entire non-academic life living, eating, and recreating in facilities that were part of the “campus.”

The German model of the research university, on the other hand, left extra-curricular life entirely up to the students and often did not even include a contiguous campus. While Berkeley had a campus, most on campus, University operated, facilities in the early years – with the exception of gymnasia – were limited to academic spaces – classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and the like.

University residential quarters and dining facilities were, with limited exceptions, neither planned nor provided, and much indoor social life had to take place in the

July 23, 2009 29 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley interstices and left-over spaces of the academic operation. The gymnasium also doubled as an event and social hall for students and the campus as a whole. As a result, those affiliated with the University, both students and faculty, began to form their own independent associations to provide housing, dining, and extra-curricular space. Some of this activity occurred in off campus fraternities, sororities, and residential clubhouses; other events took advantage of quasi-religious facilities, like the University YMCA, which had off-campus buildings.

Club Predecessors at Berkeley The site later chosen for the Faculty Club building lay across the south branch of Strawberry Creek from the campus proper in an area which students called “co-ed” canyon, today’s Faculty Glade vicinity.

In 1873 the University – in an early, small, and soon ended venture into residential life – built eight modest one-story wooden cottages on the Berkeley campus. The intent was that they would house students – for whom accommodations were then scarce in the sparsely settled campus vicinity – but were soon reallocated to other uses.

Six of the cottages were on the southwest corner of the campus, just north of the current site of Edwards Track Stadium; the other two were in the vicinity of what is now Faculty Glade. The latter two were designated as residences for women students, but ended up being

July 23, 2009 30 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley used by faculty. Professor John Le Conte resided in one for several years.

The same cottage “later served as the cookhouse for the original Faculty Club and his part of the clubhouse to this day – it having been raised to the second floor and attached to the new living accommodations.”1 In its latest reincarnation it is now Guest Rooms 207 through 211.

The Dining Association One of the two women’s cottages eventually burned. The other was vacated by Professor Le Conte, and “given by the Regents to establish a ‘cooperative’ restaurant. Professor J.H. Senger and a few faculty colleagues subscribed sufficient money to equip a kitchen and dining room. The organization was known as the Dining Association, and was established primarily for students, but a small room was set aside for the use of professors. The project was a success; it paid its way.”2

However, “as Berkeley and the University grew, more restaurants and boarding houses made their appearance. The need for the Dining Association, as far as students were concerned, diminished, but the use of the facility by faculty members increased and they finally took it over. The Dining Association had now become a professors club – or at least a place where

1 Paltridge, p. 6.

2 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 31 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley professors could eat…and sit and visit with each other. The University Dining Association became incorporated and on September 14, 1894 adopted bylaws which defined the purpose – ‘to furnish meals at the lowest possible price,’ provided a pattern of governance and it decreed that the Directors ‘shall have the right to extend the privileges of the Association to any person.”3

The Dining Association evolved in the last years of the century into an organization which not only provided weekday meals in the Berkeley cottage but organized and hosted special dinners, often in San Francisco. These were scholarly events, where papers were read, or testimonial dinners for various dignitaries. They set the stage for a more permanent social establishment for scholars on the Berkeley campus.

At the time that the Dining Association was established – and for years thereafter – most of the Berkeley faculty and other employees lived in close proximity to the campus. The town of Berkeley had, in 1902 when the Club was organized, only 15,042 residents. This paradoxically made it both one of the large ‘urban’ communities in the still sparsely settled State of California, but also a fairly small town by present day standards. (Berkeley’s population would more than double in the five years after the Club was established, spurred by rapid growth after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire and the opening up of new residential subdivisions, and triple by 1912, a decade

3 Ibid, p. 6-7.

July 23, 2009 32 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley after the Club was formed. By 1910 Berkeley had 42,000 residents, making it one of the five largest cities in California).

Many faculty had homes just beyond the campus edge, north or south. The homes of prominent professors and administrators lined Piedmont Avenue, portions of College Avenue and Bancroft Way, the steep blocks of the Northside district, and the winding lanes of Panoramic Hill above the campus. Professors often bought newly built speculative homes or commissioned custom designs to be built in the residential subdivisions that were opening up north, south, and west of the campus as agricultural land was partitioned into development “tracts.”

Berkeley’s development of street car lines was well under way by the early 20th Century, and created added convenience for those coming and going to the University grounds from surrounding Berkeley neighborhoods. Up until the construction of Wheeler Hall in 1917, most faculty did not have a campus office; they might have assigned classrooms and/or laboratory spaces for teaching and research, but their main workspace – particularly for those in the social sciences and humanities – was a home study. The University Library was not yet the nationally ranked facility it would later become, and many professors accumulated extensive personal libraries at home to supplement the Library and support their research and writing. Some faculty and staff found it convenient to go home for mid- day meals; for example, in the early 20th Century when

July 23, 2009 33 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Robert Gordon Sproul (later the President of the University) was a lower-ranking administrator and lived several blocks north of campus, he would take the streetcar home for a hot lunch prepared by his wife, then return to campus for afternoon work.

The homes of professors also became regular gathering places for academic work and socializing. It was not uncommon for faculty to regularly have students and colleagues over to their homes near campus. Professors and their spouses often socialized with departmental colleagues and their families. Some faculty members were well-to-do beyond their University salaries, and many had substantial local homes with ample facilities for entertaining in early Berkeley eras. The socializing continued beyond Berkeley. In the decades when the University campus essentially closed down for the long summer recess, many Berkeley professors – and off campus families – left for the same out-of-town vacation retreats. Little summer seasonal communities of Berkeley households, including many faculty, were established at near and far locations such as Inverness in Marin County, and Fallen Leaf Lake near Lake Tahoe.

All of this helped establish a context in which the formation of an on-campus social organization and facility for faculty would seem a natural and desirable act in the improvement of the University.

July 23, 2009 34 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

In the social life of the early University, where most professors and administrators were male, their wives established a parallel hierarchy and social organizations. On the borders of the academic world wives had social status according to the faculty rank of their husbands and events like departmental teas and off-campus social events were arranged accordingly. In the early 20th Century a network of “faculty wife” activities grew up on the Berkeley campus, coalescing in 1927 in the formal establishment of the Section Club which organized members around common interests, such as literature or tennis, and also devoted itself to charitable activities on behalf of the campus, such as welcoming and orienting foreign students.4 There were also a number of off-campus social organizations involving Berkeley women created in the 19th and early 20th Centuries, some of them with an explicit orientation towards the campus – such as the Town & Gown Club – and others simply with proximity to the campus, and some University members, such as the Berkeley Piano Club.

Creation of the Faculty Club “Soon after the beginning of the new century it became apparent to all concerned that the old Dining Association cottage was too small for the number of members who took their meals there – and it was sorely lacking in the amenities of a proper gentleman’s club.”5

4 Centennial Record, p. 287.

5 Paltridge, p. 7.

July 23, 2009 35 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

This may, in part, have had to do with the rapid growth of the Berkeley faculty. In the fall of 1894, when the Dining Association was formally established, there were about 72 men holding faculty appointments at the Berkeley campus, only 45 of them what would be called today “ladder rank” – full, associate, or assistant professors. In the fall of 1901, when the next formal step towards a Faculty Club was taken, there were 127, 65 of them ladder rank.6 And the continued future growth of the faculty under energetic new University President Benjamin Ide Wheeler was foreshadowed.

On October 18, 1901 the Dining Association appointed a committee headed by Professor Irving Stringham of Mathematics, to consider plans for the future. The members included Professors William D. Armes, Lincoln Hutchinson, Andrew Lawson, Winthrop John Van Leuven Osterhout, William A. Setchell, and Harry D. Waite.7

Stringham was a prominent member of the faculty, who would, before his death in 1909, stand in for President Wheeler at various times. “He was…a man of wide influence in all University affairs, being actively concerned with every forward movement the University has made during the twenty-seven years of his service…” He was also a member of the University Club, in San Francisco.8 Of the others, Armes,

6 Centennial Record, p. 266.

7 Ibid, p. 230.

8 Seventh Report on the Occasion of the Fortieth Anniversary of Graduation, p. 253-255.

July 23, 2009 36 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Hutchinson, Lawson and Setchell in particular were well known and energetic members of the faculty who left their mark on many programs and activities the Berkeley campus.

The committee soon reported a “recommendation for forming a club.” Initially it was proposed to rent a house on College Avenue, east of the current site (a property that later became a home for nurses at the University infirmary). However, in December, “Chairman Stringham reported that, in response to his request to a Committee of The Regents, the Club had been granted ‘permission to occupy a portion of the University grounds in Strawberry Canyon adjoining the Dining Association building.’ “9

The Committee suggested construction of a $2,000 clubhouse, with up to $500 in furnishings, and including “a single large room…for use as a dining room.” The Dining Association members approved of the plan.

The Committee continued its work and in March, 1902, reported that Bernard Maybeck, already growing in prominence as a local architect had volunteered to design the clubhouse and had started planning.

“In 1902, while working on Wyntoon (Northern California country estate for Phoebe Hearst), Maybeck learned that a committee, appointed by the officers of the Dining

9 Paltridge, p. 9.

July 23, 2009 37 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Association of the University, had recommended the formation of a faculty club…Maybeck volunteered his services…” 10

Maybeck had previously designed the shingled Town and Gown Club in Berkeley in 1899 and Hearst Hall (originally a social hall adjacent to Phoebe Hearst’s Berkeley home) built the same year. The faculty would have been familiar with both those buildings and, presumably, Maybeck’s offer was deemed a welcome and credible one.

The Dining Association by then had 80 members, who had collectively pledged some $1,800 towards the project (about $23 each, if the cost was evenly divided); this was in an era when an Assistant Professor at Berkeley made about $1,600 a year, a full Professor about $3,300.11

Ten year bonds worth $1,000 and paying 5% annual interest were approved to cover the rest of the projected expenses, and sold to the membership.12

Formal incorporation of the Club quickly followed, on March 28, 1902, just 34 years since the University had been chartered.

10 Steele, p. 16.

11 Centennial Record, p. 264.

12 Paltridge, p. 9.

July 23, 2009 38 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The new building was finished in September, and the first formal gathering held there on September 16, 1902. Joseph Le Conte photographed the assembled members – all Caucasian, all men, most with beards and/or moustaches, all in suits – for posterity and the first fire was ceremonially lighted in the massive fireplace, a signature feature of Maybeck buildings.

Although the Club was a men’s only institution, Regent Phoebe Hearst – benefactor of so many programs on the Berkeley campus – donated furnishings along with artwork and was elected, on June 9, 1902, an honorary life member, seventy years before women in general would be granted full membership status.

The membership began as faculty, but soon altered. Initially only “officers of instruction and administration, members of the Academic Senate” 13 and a few honorary members such as Hearst and Maybeck, who had taught at Berkeley in the 1890s but didn’t hold a faculty position by the time the Club opened.

The Club soon, however, opened an “associate” membership category, initially limited to 50, later expanded to 100, of “carefully screened, selected residents of the surrounding community.” Although the Club was able to enlist various prestigious local businessmen, politicians, and clergymen in this

13 Ibid, p. 18.

July 23, 2009 39 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley endeavor the category caused some tension among some of the real faculty who perhaps feared dilution of the purpose of their organization.14 Club President O’Neill would write around 1930, “at different times efforts were made to induce a larger proportion of the Faculty to join. At different times propositions were introduced to establish the status of associate members, and invite men who were not members of the Faculty, but there was a strong minority opposition to this measure…”15

By the following year, 1903, President Wheeler was able to note in a talk at an August University meeting opening the academic year: “The new Faculty Club House has provided a much appreciated meeting place for the members of the instructing force and sensibly relieved the congestion, and we hope the digestion, in the rooms of the Dining Association. The two institutions are still served from a common kitchen in which a fine great range, the gift of Mrs. Hearst, holds the seat of honor.”16

The Club building, begun as solely a dining/social facility, quickly gained a residential component.

“Even before the single-room clubhouse had been built, there was a great demand for bedrooms for members

14 Partridge, p.18

15 The Idea of A Community of Scholars, p. 55.

16 Paltridge, p. 12.

July 23, 2009 40 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley who were ready, willing and able to pay for them. Maybeck’s original drawing of the north facing of the building had shown an extension to the west of the front door, but this was not included in the original construction plans.”17

Most other early American faculty clubs and associations researched for this report were found to have been established in converted houses on or in the neighborhood of their campuses. Later permanent edifices were typically erected in traditional styles to resemble large mansions, usually in the same architectural style of the campus where they were located. Thus, the Johns Hopkins Club, for example, resembles a brick Georgian house, wholly compatible with the surrounding campus of the same era.

Maybeck’s design for Berkeley was different. Not only did it depart from the newly established Beaux Arts aesthetic for the Berkeley campus – which, from 1900 to the 1920s would bring a flood of formal, neoclassical, buildings – but it drew its inspiration from the interior on Maybeck’s own personal experiences and Scandinavian heritage, and on the exterior somewhat from California’s indigenous Spanish/Mexican architecture. It was not built to resemble one of the stately, symmetrical, academic edifices of the campus – ornate, brick piles from the 19th Century, Beaux Arts in the early 20th – nor one of the then-common large Victorian-era mansions dotting the streets of Berkeley near the campus.

17 Ibid, p. 13.

July 23, 2009 41 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The Faculty Club would become the first building on the Berkeley campus of the new century built in this sort of rustic form, and the predecessor of several, small scale, “pavilion-like” structures later inserted into the campus by other architects and arranged organically along the course of Strawberry Creek, rather than fitted into a formal grid. And, as it expanded, the Club would follow this same pattern, sprawling off low and informally in three different directions and increasingly coming to resemble a woodland lodge, rather than an institutional edifice. One staff member would later memorably describe it as an often-expanded complex that “lumbers across a hillside like a Berkeley version of Hogwarts School,” the fictional ancient castle/academy of the Harry Potter books.18

Precedents and Parallels at Other Universities University and college faculty clubs are found throughout the United States, although they are by no means ubiquitous at college campuses. These organizations usually located on or nearby a campus, and were often originally founded as gentlemen’s clubs serving the academic community. Their mission was to provide a setting where faculty, alumni and sometimes staff or students could congregate and socialize apart from other groups. Within this venue they typically provided meals, meeting space, and residential quarters for faculty, and also guest rooms for visiting faculty. Some clubs also provided recreational facilities – billiards rooms, tennis or squash courts, occasionally a

18 Parish, Paul, p. 119.

July 23, 2009 42 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley swimming pool—and a few, today, such as the Duke “Faculty Club,” appear to primarily focus on the recreational aspect of their services. A cursory survey of faculty club establishment dates locates the UC Berkeley Faculty Club as a very early entry into the genre; it is apparently the oldest club at a college or university campus in California, and possibly on the West Coast.

The survey, shown below, puts the “golden age” for the creation of these organizations between roughly 1914 and 1927. A parallel movement of faculty clubs for women, a need created by their exclusion from the men’s clubs, was brought about during the Suffrage Movement years, 1914 through 1919, an era when, at some campuses including Berkeley, women – although still a tiny minority of the non-student population – were starting to enter the ranks of tenured faculty and University administration in sufficient numbers to form and sustain their own organizations.

There was a second wave of development in the mid- 20th Century – the 1950s and 1960s – stimulated by the post-World War II boom in higher education and the rapid expansion of campuses, facilities, academic and service programs at many colleges and universities across the country. In this era new clubs were created at both older universities, and at newly established institutions, such as the expansion campuses of the University of California.

July 23, 2009 43 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The early faculty clubs were sometimes just rented suites of rooms in on or off campus buildings. As organizations evolved, they often built or purchased freestanding headquarters buildings. A number of these early structures appear to have been either former private mansions, or clubs specifically built to resemble fine private homes. Going to a “club” in a structure that looked a residence for the wealthy, at least on the exterior and in the common rooms, and was similarly appointed and staffed, seems to have been a popular early common ideal. (Later, mid-20th Century, clubs often expressed less of this “mansion” character and were designed as low, often one story, informal structures like many country clubs and community buildings of the same era).

The Quadrangle Club at the University of Chicago is an early example of a faculty club-type organization on a campus. Founded in 1893, “the new club house opened in 1896 and contained billiard and card rooms, a gymnasium, some sleeping rooms, and a small ladies' room for the wives of members. Outside, to the south, there were tennis courts. The Club hosted many social events, including lectures, recitals, and dances. As an afterthought, a small dining room and basement kitchen were added to the building.”19 The Johns Hopkins Club was founded in 1899 with a membership of “alumni, graduate students and faculty.” 20

19 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrangle_Club_(University_of_Chicago)

20 http://www.jhuclub.jhu.edu/history.html

July 23, 2009 44 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

(Interestingly, Johns Hopkins is also linked to Berkeley through its founding president, Daniel Coit Gilman, who went there after serving as president of the University of California). The Colonnade Club (University of Virginia) is also similar in age to Berkeley’s Club, having been founded in 1907 to “enhance social interaction and encourage intellectual enrichment.”

Among public, state, universities Ohio State established a faculty club in 1915 and in 1916 “the Faculty Club was given permission to erect a Faculty Club House upon the University campus, the plans and final site to be approved by the Board of Trustee”, an approach that seems similar to what was planned at Berkeley a decade and a half earlier. At Ohio State, “Originally, the club was located on the third floor of Bricker Hall, known then as the Administration Building. It began with 350 charter members whose activities included organizing art exhibitions for the club rooms and hosting annual club parties where faculty members performed in plays and musicals.” 21 The current Ohio State Club, however, is in a second facility, built in 1939.22

At other state campuses what became known as faculty clubs were, for many years, social organizations without their own physical homes. At Michigan State, for instance, what became the Faculty Club was established in 1929 but was not a physical structure, consisting rather “of a group of men who met socially in

21 http://oncampus.osu.edu/v28n19/thisissue_4.html

22 http://www.ohio-statefacultyclub.com/Default.aspx?p=DynamicModule&pageid=248796&ssid=105764&vnf=1

July 23, 2009 45 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley various University buildings for luncheons and seminars on topics of mutual concern. The group had no formal business organization or assets. Membership in this club was open to any interested male faculty member.” A free standing building was not constructed until 1970.23

And at the University of Wisconsin the “University Club” was established in 1906 / 07 at the suggestion of the university president “to promote fellowship”, but was an off-campus institution culturally, but not organizationally, connected to the campus.

“At a meeting of the Madison Alumni and the faculty of the University of Wisconsin early in the month (1906), it was decided to organize a University Club, to consist of the members of the faculty of the University of Wisconsin, University Alumni of Madison, and alumni of other institutions.”…“From the standpoint of the alumni of the university no improvement in recent years is of more interest or importance than the establishment of the University Club, which occupied its new house about February 1. In no way connected with or supported by the University, or under its control, it owes its establishment and its fifty-thousand-dollar property entirely to the initiative and the exertions of the alumni of this and other colleges and universities living in or interested in Madison.”24

23 http://www.universityclubofmsu.org/Default.aspx?p=DynamicModule&pageid=227313&ssid=76204&vnf=1

24 www.wisc.edu/uclub/UniversityClubHistory.pdf

July 23, 2009 46 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Faculty clubs were often established, as at Berkeley, through the financial efforts of the individual members. Sometimes the financial assistance of the university was provided, perhaps including a lease or grant of a building site. In some cases wealthy donors assisted club creation. Rice University, for example, has “Cohen House… given to the faculty of Rice University through the generosity of the late Esther and George Cohen in 1927. The original building was enlarged in 1958 when the main dining room and terrace were added. In 1976, a major renovation took place...”25

At Berkeley’s peer institutions, the Harvard Faculty Club dates to only 1931. It was a late comer, relative to the university’s establishment date of 1636, perhaps because of its urban location within Cambridge and adjacent to Boston, where professional men could easily find other places to socialize. It was organized as a place where the male members could meet for conversation, university business, find food, drink and comfortable beds. The club was a place where young faculty could be nurtured in a safe atmosphere and exposed to the institutional traditions and values. The club was initially Spartan by today’s comfort standards. Women were admitted in 1968 (four years before full women’s membership was granted at Berkeley) but were relegated to the Ladies Dining Room. The “Long Table” was reserved for only the most distinguished faculty, a tradition similar to the use of certain tables in the Great Hall at Berkeley for cohesive groups of faculty

25 http://club.rice.edu/index.php?topgroupid=1&groupid=8&PHPSESSID=04f4f3af155c797a4bccb8acd818eb07

July 23, 2009 47 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley diners. Finances were never discussed within the club’s walls.

A perhaps typical expression of the present day character of such clubs can be found in this description from Brown University; “The Brown Faculty Club provides a year-round, private and attractive gathering place in the heart of the Brown University campus that is perfect for dining or for entertaining associates, friends, and family. The Club's well-appointed, flexible interior provides suitable facilities for private parties, wedding receptions, banquets and departmental meetings. Regular breakfast, lunch and dinner service is offered.”26

A much later Club, the University Club at the University of Indiana established in 1959, expresses similar contemporary ideals. “…the University Club is for all faculty, staff, alumni, and interested community members. Our members share a common bond: Indiana University. Friendships formed at the Club help foster connections across departmental lines; our social, cultural, and recreational activities add to the texture of University life. The Club's comfortable, welcoming facilities offer spaces for both large and small social gatherings, and quiet places to read or write.” 27

26 http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/Faculty_Club/

27 http://www.indiana.edu/~uclub/aboutus.html

July 23, 2009 48 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Today there are 62 organizations that affiliate as members of the Association of College and University Clubs (ACUC). The total number of such clubs is probably larger, and there are other entities that define themselves in part as “faculty clubs” at or near campuses but do not appear to have strong faculty precedents or participation, and function primarily as special event centers for their institutions.

The early North American faculty clubs were also paralleled, and presumably outnumbered, by private clubs associated with particular colleges that were established in major cities away from the campuses; these often grew to palatial scale, often far outstripping dignified, but smaller, on-campus facilities. The Yale Club, for example, in New York City occupies a 22-story building and the Harvard Club there is the size of a hotel, complete with grand dining and meeting rooms.

These organizations were not specifically for faculty; rather, they generally served (and still serve) alumni and affiliates of their institutions. However, they carried the spirit of the campus into the burgeoning urban areas where university graduates were starting to congregate for work and living, and faculty were welcome guests and members, adding their academic prestige to the luster of the club. Members could gather in surroundings replete with the trappings of their institutions and experience college away from home; the Harvard Club, in New York, for example, is replete with Harvard crimson décor, books about Harvard, and portraits of famous Harvard alumni.

July 23, 2009 49 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Beyond the private clubs for alumni of specific institutions were more generic men’s – and, occasionally, women’s – clubs organized in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries by college alumni who found themselves living in the same community. These were not associated with a single institution but, instead, enrolled members who were alumni, and occasionally faculty, of many colleges and universities. A university degree was still rare enough in that era – particularly in the frontier West – to constitute a rather exclusive ticket of admission and many “college men” found a common, uniting, bond.

On the west coast, the geographically and chronologically closest cousin of this type for the Faculty Club at Berkeley is probably the University Club, founded in San Francisco in 1890. The history of the University Club – which shared some early members, including Faculty Club founding president Irving Stringham, with the club at Berkeley – gives some insights into what drove the creation and success of private men’s clubs of this type in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.

The University Club is also of interest because it presumably provided a working model of a genteel, academically themed, men’s club close to Berkeley in the era when the Faculty Club was conceived. In the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, when Berkeley was still very much a suburban town, Berkeley faculty and students frequently traveled across San Francisco Bay on ferry boats to dine in various San Francisco

July 23, 2009 50 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley restaurants, hotels, and clubs and also held events there; even the “Big Game” between Stanford and the University of California was played in San Francisco for its first several years, before the tradition was begun of alternating between campuses.

Berkeley’s Faculty Club also bears some physical similarities to the San Francisco University Club; all three institutional buildings (the University Club prior to 1906, and its post-earthquake rebuilt version, and the Faculty Club) featured stained glass emblems of academic institutions.

An excerpt from the history of the University Club also helps provide some context for how such clubs came about and were regarded: “Why that name? In part, it reflected the huge expansion of opportunities for higher education that followed the Civil War; and the name connoted an identifiable affinity group. San Francisco's University Club was founded in the great age of club formation; nearly every American City has at least one Club called "University Club" or might just as well be. The name was chosen to distinguish such clubs from existing commercial clubs; and, although San Francisco was not the only city to form a "University Club", it was in no sense a branch of any club anywhere else.

Modern readers may ask why the impulse to form associations was so strong. After all, then - as now - San Francisco had enough restaurants and hotel dining rooms to ensure that a man could get a good meal. Yet,

July 23, 2009 51 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley such places were not the chosen venue of a gentleman unless a private room was available: in the absence of other distractions, the highlight of most organized nights was an after-dinner speech; this was the great age of after-dinner speaking.

But the greatest impetus to club formation was the demand for residential facilities which dictated club architecture and underlay the financial viability of most clubs. The conventional living expectations and needs of a man-about-town were different from today’s. Well- bred young men did not set up an independent household until they got married: in the meantime, a men’s club was the most congenial choice as a place to stay. A house needed servants to run and there were few apartment buildings until the twentieth century. Besides, the men only needed sleeping rooms, not kitchens; few of them had the inclination or skill to cook for themselves, having been brought up in an environment of domestic servants.”28

It is also worth repeating that these organizations, and the early faculty clubs at various campuses, were generally male preserves as were many, if not most, non-academic private clubs, fraternal organizations, and other social societies.

College educated women had formed their own Association of Collegiate Alumnae (now the American Association of University Women) in 1881 in Boston

28 http://www.univclub.com/html/about.html

July 23, 2009 52 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley with 65 women, graduates of eight colleges, as charter members. Chapters were soon established around the United States, including a San Francisco branch in 1886. Unlike many of the men’s “university clubs” which existed primarily to provide a place to eat, drink, socialize, network, and sleep – when being around one’s male peers, having fun, and servants to clean up after you, could be an end in itself – the college women’s organizations specifically engaged in educational and philanthropic activities.

By 1928 Berkeley members built their own College Women’s Club building (now the Bancroft Hotel) on Bancroft Way near College Avenue; it served as a social gathering spot, and also, like the nearby Faculty Clubs on the campus itself, a residence for single members. Berkeley’s College Women’s Club continues as an organization, although it has long since sold its headquarters building.

Of present day faculty clubs that are members of the ACUC currently (2009), 13 are in California, including two – The Faculty Club and the Women’s Faculty Club – at the Berkeley campus, five at other UC campuses, and the remainder associated with private universities including USC, the University of Santa Clara, Stanford, and Caltech.29

The Faculty Club at Berkeley was, in a way, the progenitor of some of the later UC clubs. In the 1950s

29 http://www.acuclubs.org/ (January, 2009).

July 23, 2009 53 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley and early 1960s Berkeley faculty member Clark Kerr “during his presidency of the University, had encouraged the development of faculty clubs by pointing to the success of the Club at the Berkeley. The University showed material recognition of the important role an active campus organization of faculty and administrators can play in the academic life of a campus. These new clubs secured major financial assistance in getting started and securing a stable operating base.”30

Berkeley’s Club is rare among North American faculty clubs in that it is independently owned and operated by its members. Many of the institutions advertising themselves today as “faculty clubs” or similar at North American campuses are either run by the campus dining services, or operated under contract by private businesses that specialize in food or “hospitality” services.

The unusual independence of the Faculty Club at Berkeley may be due, in part, to the strong tradition of faculty participation in University governance that distinguishes the Berkeley campus. Although during the formative and early years of the Club the Berkeley campus was run by a strong autocrat, President Wheeler, and central administration, at the end of his tenure in 1919 there was what was termed the “Faculty Revolt” which resulted not only in the temporary governance of the University by a triumvirate of professors, but the reorganization of the Academic

30 Paltridge, p. 42.

July 23, 2009 54 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Senate as a strongly empowered and vigorous body. After than point, and through the present day, administration of the campus has taken place in an atmosphere of “shared governance” and consultation with the faculty leadership. In this sort of environment, it would be natural for the faculty to continue to believe in running their own organizations like the Faculty Club, not turning over their administration and control to the University.

A random sampling of university and college faculty club origin dates, chronologically arranged:

University of Denver, Women’s 1862 Johns Hopkins University 1899 University of California, Berkeley 1902 University Club, Wisconsin 1906/07 Colonnade Club, University of Virginia 1907 University of Washington 1909 Yale University 1911 University of Wisconsin, Women’s 1914 Ohio State University 1915 University of Connecticut 1915 University of Mass. Amherst 1916 University of Montana, Women’s 1917 Duke University 1918 University of Nevada 1918 UC Berkeley, Women’s 1919 Oberlin College 1919 Columbia University 1923 Rice University 1927 Louisiana State University 1927 Michigan State University 1929

July 23, 2009 55 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Smith College 1929 Harvard University 1931 University of Utah 1932 University of North Carolina 1932 Rutgers University 1957 University of Calif. Santa Barbara 1968 Princeton University 1969 Georgia Southern University 1971 University of California, San Diego 1988

Early Years and Expansion On June 20, 1902, as the original one room clubhouse construction at Berkeley was underway, the Club authorized an addition to the west, also designed by Maybeck. Unlike the original unit, the addition would be funded by several members who contributed money – and, reportedly, some sweat equity – to the project “and received in return use of the bedrooms on the second floor rent-free for a period of ten-years.” Lincoln Figure 7 - Dedication of the Faculty Club in September 1902 with 45 charter members. Image by Joseph Le Conte and provided courtesy of the Hutchinson, H. E, Cory, W.A. Setchell, and Dr. M. Faculty Club. Fisher were the first occupants, Fisher in the “tower room,” and the other three in bedrooms that opened off a common corridor in what is now the upstairs Seaborg Room of the west wing.31 These men were essentially committing themselves to remain bachelors in the all- male Clubhouse for the period of the loan, unless, presumably, they were able to arrange for their residential interest to be taken over by another eligible bachelor member of the Club.

Figure 8 - Postcard of the Faculty Club distributed by E. P. Charlton & Co. San Francisco.

31 Paltridge, p. 13.

July 23, 2009 56 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The lower, main, floor of the addition originally served as a billiard room, attesting to an early recreational interest of the Club membership.

Social activities at the Club began soon after completion of the original unit, in November, 1902, when the membership decided that Friday evenings would be “Club Night,” with dinner and entertainment. “In the largely male-dominated world of university administrators and faculties at the turn of the century, this was a popular policy.”32 The Club also initiated its annual Christmas Party, an elaborate affair that would come to include not only a large meal but communal singing, entertainment by a chorus of robed “monks”, a ceremonial boar’s head borne about the room, and a musical skit lampooning the past year; in December, 2008, the Club held the 107th consecutive edition of the Christmas Party, repeated over three days to accommodate the demand for tickets.

Other early social events included “smokers” (a popular male activity of the time, where speeches were delivered through heavy cigar and cigarette smoke), singing, billiards, and talks and demonstrations by faculty members. “…it was to be a place where members from the different academic disciplines and administrative posts could meet, relax, and in the clouded atmosphere of weekly ‘smokers’ discuss affairs of the mind or listen to scholarly papers offered by fellow members...in the very early days there were

32 Paltridge, p. 15.

July 23, 2009 57 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley occasions every Friday evening when members would gather ‘to chat, sing, read, or play billiards, and to rub elbows’ with fellow members. On Sunday evenings each month there would be a ‘Musicale’ with invitations sent to a list of Berkeley residents not necessarily associated with the University. There were special occasions such as the annual St. Patrick’s Day Ball and the New Orleans Night Dance. Several of these became regular affairs for several decades. There were ‘member only’ dinners…the tradition continued for many years.”33

Women and the Faculty Club Although the Phoebe Hearst “honorary” membership had been granted early on, the Club remained a male preserve where women were welcome only at certain times and in certain spaces. For example, through the mid-20th Century there appears to have been a strong tradition that women would not sit down to lunch in the Great Hall. One enduring story is that President Wheeler made the mistake of escorting “his wife and a lady guest” through the Club without prior arrangement, which ruffled the feathers of members; it was decided to send him a copy of the Club rules, as a reminder and indirect rebuff. The Club subsequently hung a “For Men Only” sign outside, which remained until the 1960s when it was replaced with a “For Members Only” sign.34 Today, there’s simply a small metal plaque at each door, noting that the Club is “for members and guests.”

33 Paltridge, p. 58.

34 Ibid, p. 15-16.

July 23, 2009 58 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

However, it is a misperception that women were physically kept out of the Club at all times and could not set foot across the threshold. For example, in 1907, only five years after the building opened, Mrs. Wheeler hosted the first of what would be come a decades-long tradition of “College Teas” to provide an opportunity to meet each other. “The first year, the College Teas met at the Men’s Faculty Club. The 89 guests attending the first tea arrived on foot, by carriage, or by streetcar. The food was prepared by the members themselves.” Invitees included not only wives but “fathers, brothers, sons and husbands of subscribers.” The Teas later moved to Hearst Hall.35

In 1915 the Faculty Club granted “visitor’s cards” to women from the faculty and administration. The holders had the right to use a ladies dining room, and walk through the building unescorted, as well as sign chits for meals. Still, they were guests, not full members.36

A few years later, by 1919, a critical mass – in all senses of the term – of women faculty and administrators had been achieved at Berkeley. They apparently negotiated informally for a greater role in the Faculty Club but were turned down by the Board of Directors, which voted ‘no privileges of membership of any type whatsoever’ for women.37 Thus, the men of the faculty rejected the early opportunities offered them to

35 Centennial Record, p. 287.

36 Paltridge, p. 22.

37 Ibid, p. 24-25.

July 23, 2009 59 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley bring women into their organization on an equal basis, and set the stage for separate and parallel organizations.

Barred from membership in the Faculty Club, academic and professional women on the campus organized, through the office of the Dean of Women, into their own Women’s Faculty Club. Sixty six women employed by the University initially joined and, like the earlier Club, they also invited in professionals and University benefactors from the greater community.

By 1923 they had funded and built their own on-campus clubhouse, to a brown shingle design by John Galen Howard, east of and uphill from the Faculty Club; it included dining, meeting, and socializing facilities and upstairs rooms for 25 single women to live.38

Continued Expansion In 1904 the Faculty Club decided to expand again. By that date the new supervising architect for the University, John Galen Howard, had permanently relocated to Berkeley from New York and was firmly in control of the University’s architectural scheme. Two of his neo-classical buildings, California Hall and the Hearst Memorial Mining Building, were under construction.

38 Centennial Record, p. 230.

July 23, 2009 60 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Howard was chosen to design the addition, which extended the building to the south, with common rooms on the ground floor and additional bedrooms upstairs for two single male bachelors, Professor Henry Morse Stephens and Mr. Jerome Landfield. They made the same arrangement as their neighbors; financing the construction, in exchange for ten years of rent free living as single male residents.39 (Stephens, however, was technically not a bachelor. He was married, and regularly sent support to his wife who lived in a sanitarium in England; but in America, first at Cornell, then at Berkeley, he lived in bachelor’s quarters.)40

“In 1906, the Directors opened a subscription for bonds in the amount of $13,000 and the entire issue was immediately subscribed or guaranteed. The funds raised were used to absorb the old University Dining Association, to buy out the free-rent contracts of those professors who had built the western and southern additions, and to clear all the other indebtedness of the Club.”41

The purpose of buying out the professors was illuminated by an account written (probably around 1930) by Club President Edmond O’Neill and later published. “The dollar per month (membership fee) did not bring in much income. The expenses of caring for the additional rooms (for the live-in members) were

39 Paltridge, p. 16.

40 Personal communication, Steven Finacom.

41 Paltridge, p. 16.

July 23, 2009 61 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley considerable. The kitchen and dining-room accommodations were very inadequate. The restaurant was always running behind. It was thought that if the financial equity of the men who had built the additions and were living in the Club could be bought, they could be charged rent and expenses would be met.”42

“The Faculty Club was becoming an overwhelming success. But it almost floundered trying to cope with the problems of its growth. Economic realities forced the Club to increase its physical plant so that it could increase its income from room rentals and from food services.”43

A new set of bonds was issued in 1914, in the amount of $20,000. The revenue was combined with $1,000 from the University and $7,000 borrowed from Board members. The Great Hall was enlarged by some two- thirds, and the north wing, extending towards Strawberry Creek, was added with dining rooms. The kitchen was also expanded, and the area that is now the Heyns Room built on the south of the building along with “a number of smaller rooms which were used as an office, small dining rooms and restrooms.” The present day Heyns Room was connected to what is now the Howard Lounge (part of the 1904 John Galen Howard expansion) through double doors that are now closed up.

42 The Idea of a Community of Scholars, p. 54-55.

43 Paltridge, p. 19.

July 23, 2009 62 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

And, finally, the independent physical as well as organizational entity of the Dining Association ended; the cottage was raised in the air and incorporated into the second floor structure of the Club.

The Heyns room addition was apparently intended for dining space, but was soon made, with the Howard Lounge space, into an enlarged billiard room, a cause promoted by avid billiards player and Club President, Professor Edmund O’Neill of Chemistry.44

By the time of this expansion the Berkeley campus faculty had increased in size to 29045 and, as the student population burgeoned and the number and complexity of campus programs grew, the ranks of the University administration and staff also increased, providing more eligible members.

The Club reported, in 1909, a membership of 269 (including 50 associates) and its 1915 membership was 575 (including 180 associates and 11 honorary).46 In the second decade of the century major improvements were made to the interior furnishings and surrounding garden spaces were planned and “single-handedly created” by Professor of Geology Andrew Lawson, one of the Club’s founders.

44 Ibid, p. 22.

45 Centennial Record, p. 272.

46 Paltridge, p. 22.

July 23, 2009 63 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

“The family spirit flourished. ‘President Eddy’ (O’Neill) gave exhibitions of his expertise at the pool tables and scores of members participated in the Club’s Chess Tournaments.”47

During World War I the Club expressed its support for the Allied cause and the Club took part in both civilian austerity measures and held patriotic celebrations.48

From 1918 to 1934 the Club President was Walter Morris Hart who was also a campus administrator under several UC presidents and, at times, a leading candidate for the UC Presidency. During his tenure “the Club prospered. Each year it sponsored social and collegiate gatherings of many kinds – banquets, dances, lectures, and various group meetings.

Hart encouraged a number of scholarly and entertainment clubs such as the Berkeley Club, the Kosmos Club, and the Arts Club. The two latter groups still have an “active life within the The Faculty Club’s membership”49

The Berkeley Club was an organization suggested by President Daniel Coit Gilman in the 1870s to “discuss

47 Ibid, p. 23.

48 Ibid.

49 Ibid, p. 24.

July 23, 2009 64 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley literary, social and scientific questions of the day.” It initially met at the homes of members (this was well before the founding of the Faculty Club). But, after the Dining Association, then the Faculty Club, were formed the Berkeley Club shifted its meetings there. “At each meeting, held fortnightly, a paper was presented by a member, followed by a discussion in which all participated.” There were 17 founding members and the Club “promptly embraced in its membership the leading citizens of the area, clergymen, lawyers, businessmen, and public officials” in the same way that the Faculty Club would later create a class of associate membership. The Berkeley Club continued to meet at the Faculty Club until disbanding on September 8, 1960.50

The Arts Club and the Kosmos Club were later created in close association with the Faculty Club, and had it as their meeting place. The former was founded by Professor Stephen Pepper in 1935 and engaged in “convivial eating and drinking, high spirits and wit, as well as serious discussions of serious papers on the arts.” The Kosmos Club began in 1901, with a focus on topics in the sciences. It flourished at Berkeley, in part because of “the sense of isolation among scientists, and the distance and difficulty of attending national meetings of the scientific and learned societies,” most of which held their gatherings in the Midwest or East.51 The Club regularly held its dinner meetings at the Faculty Club and became a social fixture there.

50 Ibid, p. 58-59.

51 Ibid, p. 61-62.

July 23, 2009 65 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Walter Hart was a renowned toastmaster and speaker. He contributed greatly to the lunch-time tradition in the Great Hall by making the luncheon tables the foci of intellectual exchanges and speculation on affairs of the day.”52

Formal and informal gatherings of the professorate gravitated to the Faculty Club as a meeting and dining place. These included a “Little Thinkers” club, created in 1948, which focused on informal interdisciplinary discussions each Friday at lunch. Emeriti faculty also used the Club facilities for their meetings, including weekend gatherings.53

Less formal gatherings became traditional in the various dining areas, concentrated particularly in the bar and the Great Hall, where oak tables set eight, “a configuration designed originally to promote collegiality and let’s-get-acquainted good-fellowship.” “Each of the Great Hall tables has (in 1990) a distinct individuality founded in tradition of several years’ standing.” In the southeast corner of the Great Hall a square table became “a gathering place of administrators”, then morphed into a place presided over by Professor Michel Loeve of mathematics. A “round table” nearby was the common lunch spot of a group of faculty dating back to the 1930s, including the formidable geologist, Professor

52 Ibid, p. 24.

53 Ibid, p. 63.

July 23, 2009 66 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Andrew Lawson who “’owned’ a chair at this table that no one dared sit in.” Members of the nearby Chemistry faculty traditionally gathered for lunch at a table under the moose head on the wall of the Hall. Optometrists sat at another table, members of the humanities faculty at yet another.54

The current Howard and Heyns rooms, as noted elsewhere, hosted billiards, and they also had tables for cards and board games. “Dominos and cribbage seem to have died out in the 1960s,” but for decades after a group of members played hearts at a table in the bar, with a bell hung from the lamp above which they rang “loudly to commemorate unusually well-played hands.”55

Following the First World War – and at roughly the same time the Women’s Club was building its permanent quarters a stone’s throw to the east – the Faculty Club expanded again. Warren Perry, later the Chair of Architecture for the campus, designed a second floor expansion of the north wing to include more guest rooms, plus more meeting rooms and a “ladies parlor” downstairs.56

In the 1920s the area north of the Club was landscaped. For many years it had been a turnaround for vehicles, described as “dusty and weed-filled.” “In 1927 a

54 Ibid, p. 65-67.

55 Ibid, p. 68.

56 Ibid, p. 25.

July 23, 2009 67 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley flagstone path, lawn and shrubbery replaced the old driveway, making a much more attractive entrance to the Club.”57 This was probably also the period when flagstone paths were extended across Faculty Glade to the bridge that approached Stephens Memorial Union (completed in 1923). The flagstones would be removed in a later, circa 1960s, re-landscaping of the glade. The Club, in this era, also maintained a tennis court to the south of the building, providing another amenity for member use. In 1932 a single story auto court, with covered garages for twenty cars, was built southeast of the Club.58 Club members also maintained a garden in this area, south of the building, planting and caring for it themselves.

In the 1910s and pre-Depression 1920s, “an exceptional faculty was assembled. This was the faculty that would become nationally famous in the great surge of the 1930s. Science was mainly centered on the College of Chemistry. Gilbert N. Lewis was chair of the department, a director and leader in The Faculty Club in those years. Charles Mills Gayley was building an Figure 9 - Twenty-fifth anniversary luncheon on English Department that would become famous…Eward September 16, 1928 showing 24 attendees. Image courtesy of the Faculty Club. T. Grether, Flood Professor of Economics was founder and Dean of the College of Commerce and its successor, the School of Business…(In 1934) the University of California was rated as having as many ‘distinguished’ and ‘adequate’ departments as any of the prestige-laden private eastern universities.”59

57 Ibid, p. 25-27.

58 Ibid, p. 29.

59 Ibid, p. 27-28.

July 23, 2009 68 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The Club was ideally suited, physically and socially, to host the activities of these leading academics. Most of the primarily academic buildings of the campus in that era – Wheeler Hall for the humanities, Le Conte Hall and Gilman Hall for the physical sciences, the buildings of the College of Engineering north of Mining Circle – were five minutes or less walk from the Club’s front door. The physical science buildings were particularly well positioned – just across Strawberry Creek from the Club. Students had added several dining facilities to the campus within Stephens Union, across Faculty Glade, but the Faculty Club still reigned as the place on campus where most professors could go to get a good, sit down, meal in the comfortable company of their peers. Academic life had not yet become a 24-hour pursuit; professors, though busy, could still pursue a comfortable pattern of campus life with time for regular breaks for socializing, and leisurely meals.

Most faculty still lived within walking, or streetcar, distance of the campus and were not stressed by long commutes or heavy traffic or parking congestion. Berkeley was connected to the greater scholarly world, but also apart – no bridges yet crossed San Francisco Bay, and to reach Eastern and Midwestern centers of learning was a matter of days by railroad or weeks by steamship, so professional life tended to center around the Berkeley campus (and, to a lesser extent, in contacts with the faculty of nearby Stanford University).

“There was camaraderie in the faculty corps which was evident in the activities of the Faculty Club. Its members

July 23, 2009 69 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley gathered at least monthly to hear lectures and learned papers prepared by colleagues in their own and other disciplines. The “Club Nights” each Friday were regular and well attended. After dinner, the ‘smokers’ were devoted to the discussions of academic achievement, of furthering the scholarly climate of the campus, of encouraging graduate students to share in the research and scholarship of their departments and go on to add new prestige to the University.”60

Physical construction at the Club – except for the above-mentioned parking court – stopped during the Great Depression and World War II. Organizationally, “The Club survived the Depression Years in good fashion. Membership was on a continual rise; the residence rooms were operated near capacity; the management of the Club was frugal.”61

Mid-Century “World War II brought many adjustments in the life of the Club and its members, but patronage continued at a satisfactory level. Costs were contained, and all construction and much maintenance deferred.”62

The Club had stable, long term, staff, including manager Forrest McAbee who was an employee from 1930 to 1971, and who saw to it that the live-in faculty – a

60 Ibid, p. 28.

61 Ibid, p. 30.

62 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 70 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley number of them elderly emeriti – had a social life beyond the building.63

Following World War II, the Club contemplated further physical expansion, but plans were deferred. A “major review of the restaurant operation” was also undertaken. The dining facilities had been operating at a loss, and an improved menu and better cooking were recommended. During this period the Club briefly turned over dining operations to the campus food service department, but then resumed control. A major expansion of dining facilities was recommended, but not undertaken.64

There were also tensions over the role of associate members – a reprise of the early 20th Century concerns – and fears that the campus character of the Club was being diluted by “too many persons not employed by the University.” Restrictions on associate membership were tightened in response.65

The post World War II years brought a flood of new funding, new faculty, and increased student enrollment to the University. Federal funds in the form of research grants, money for buildings, and student financial aid – beginning with the G.I. Bill – accrued to the Berkeley campus, which had been influentially positioned for this

63 Ibid.

64 Ibid, p. 30-31.

65 Ibid, p. 31.

July 23, 2009 71 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley growth by its leading role in managing atomic weapons and other Federal research during the war.

In 1953 Donald Coney, president of the Club, reported that “it is obvious that as the campus population increases in size and complexity, the Club’s function as a common meeting place gains proportionately in value. From the standpoint of simple economics, the fact that the Club provides a noon meeting place for members of the faculty and administrators who have business to do together cannot be ignored. The present size of the faculty now prevents several of the scientific societies form continuing their practice of holding dinner and luncheon meetings at the Club. The plans call for addition of dining rooms available for committee meetings, additional residential quarters, and at least one suite for the use of distinguished visitors.”66

In 1955 the Club initiated expansion plans, much along the lines that had been discussed on and off for the previous decade. Spaces were rearranged, and the current skylit servery created. Billiards were moved to the basement, below the bar, freeing up the current Heyns Room area for dining and events. One major difference, however, was rejection of a proposal to enclose the dining terraces facing Faculty Glade in glass, an alteration that would have made a major difference to the principal facades of the Club.67

66 Ibid, p. 32.

67 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 72 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The Club’s billiards aficionados had originally proposed moving the billiards tables to the area above the current Kerr Dining Room, which would have displaced long term residents of the second floor. When that proposal was made, the residential feeling of the Club was strong enough to defeat it. However, the Club was also on the verge of important cultural change in two respects.

“Two historically significant policy statements were agreed upon. These were offered as ‘guiding principles’ and grew out of a statement by (Professor) Stephen Pepper that the greatest use of the Club was now made by persons that did not live in it. While this had been the case for several years, ‘resident members,’ from the beginning, had been a major factor in the governance of the Club and the by-laws had reserved seats for them on the Board of Directors. The Club’s greatest value to its members as an attractive and congenial meeting place and one where the guests of the members and other visitors to the academic community could be appropriately accommodated. The first policy statement called for providing an increased number of transient rooms for academic visitors. The second stated that creation of a more ‘congenial meeting place’ implied an aura where its value and enjoyment would be enhanced by the pleasure of well-prepared food.”68

The impact of these proposals on the cultural character of the Club was profound. As resident members died or

68 Ibid, p. 34-35.

July 23, 2009 73 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley moved, the Club gradually eliminated the “small, cheap living quarters occupied for years by several members and (began operating) the residence accommodations more like a hotel with pleasing décor, good service, and prices comparable to other commercial hotel operations. This would eventually increase net income considerably.”69

In essence, after half a century the Club ended its residential function for members and began the process – fully complete and established today – of operating most of the upstairs as an on-campus hotel.

The second cultural change was the effective ending of the ‘hot meals at the lowest possible price’ mission of the early Dining Association that the Club had continued, replaced by a focus on better dining; the Club dining facilities became, in essence, a restaurant operation with a specific clientele. This change was slow in coming and Club historian Gil Paltridge noted there were “a number of failed food service arrangements” before new standards were reached.

And, for some members, the nature of the building remained that of a private club where one could dine as one wished, not a place where diners had to conform to a fixed menu. As late as the mid-2000s Club waiter Paul Parish would recall that during his quarter century of service long-time members would still regularly order

69 Ibid, p. 35.

July 23, 2009 74 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

“old dishes” that had been formally removed from the menu decades earlier; the staff would willingly go ahead and make the retired meals for the retirees.70

Parish also observed that “When I started working at the Faculty Club (in the early 1980s), the manager, Richard Wherry, had formerly managed a Denny’s and though he was himself a good cook and understood fine dining – he had a great respect for the superiority of a spinach salad to anything made of lettuce – he ran the club in keeping with the way things had mostly been at Mid-Century. That is, the Faculty Club served as the main place where faculty and staff had lunch on campus. Hundreds of people had to be fed lunch there every day, which means there was a huge rush at noon; it was a mess hall.”71

The University had built a large temporary campus dining hall (on the site of the current music library, south of Faculty Glade) in 1946, out of salvaged military buildings, and a permanent Dining Commons (now the Chavez Center) would follow at the end of the 1950s, as part of the new Student Center complex, but the Faculty Club appears to have remained the primary dining destination on campus for faculty in that era.

Beyond reforming the room rentals and dining program, the Club also underwent physical expansion in the mid-

70 Paul Parish, p. 121.

71 Ibid, p. 119.

July 23, 2009 75 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

1950s. The east wing – ground floor meeting rooms, additional guest rooms above – was constructed and financed with a mix of contributions from the University, Faculty Club funds, and a loan from the University which was to be repaid by the Club. The arrangements were worked out between the Club and President Sproul.72

The 1960s brought major cultural and political change to the campus which spilled over somewhat into the social life of the Club. “These matters became the primary point of discussion at every luncheon table in the Great Hall. Feelings were strongly polarized…there were a few noisy demonstrations at The Faculty Club which some of the radical students looked upon as the embodiment of ‘the establishment.’

Chancellor Albert Bowker, speaking to members of the Club about the Vietnam War protests was heckled by students who had invaded the clubhouse…on another occasion, a large loud delegation of students stormed the front door and came into the Great Hall at lunch- time complete with banners and shouted slogans. As they entered the dining room, Woodbridge Bingham arose from his seat at the corner round-table, and with all the dignity of his Emeritus Professorship, intoned, ‘See here! This is a private club. Are you people members?’”73

72 Paltridge, p. 35.

73 Ibid, p. 36.

July 23, 2009 76 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

In the 1950s the Berkeley campus began a series of physical planning efforts that culminated in the first comprehensive campus plan of the modern era – the 1956 Long Range Development Plan – which was supplemented in 1958, and revised again in 1962. Chancellor (later, UC President) Clark Kerr, a member of the Berkeley faculty with long connections to the Club, advocated for a series of extensive non-academic buildings projects on and off campus, including residence halls, parking structures, recreational facilities, and the four building Student Center complex. These projects extensively replaced and supplemented facilities for students and campus life that had last been expanded in the 1920s. The first units of the Student Center – Student Union, and Dining Commons – were completed at the end of the 1950s, complemented by a new Alumni House next door. Student activities and operations were relocated there from the old Student Union (now Stephens Hall) across the Glade from the Faculty Club.

There were major plans contemplated for the Faculty Club in this era, as well. “Berkeley sorely needed a conference center of some sort…The Faculty Club could become part of a larger ‘University Center.’ It would provide the conference facilities as an adjunct to its role as a private club operated for the benefit of its members. Development of this idea called for incorporating the Womens’ Faculty Club and its building into the same organization with the all-male Faculty Club. The Center would also use the land and building of Senior Men’s Hall as well as land on the other side of the access road then occupied by the Club’s garages

July 23, 2009 77 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley and tennis court. The campus administration encouraged the idea and indicated that substantial financial backing could be found.”74

The concept envisioned removing Senior Hall and building a connector between the two Faculty Clubs. It never came to pass. The two Clubs continued to maintain their separate identities and facilities, despite extensive discussions about mergers. And students associated with the Order of the Golden Bear, the student organization that had built Senior Hall in 1906 and still met there, made common cause with historic preservationists in the community and on the Berkeley campus to fight the proposed demolition of the log cabin structure. The pending demolition of Senior Hall was stopped, and the building successfully nominated for the National Register of Historic Places. In the 1980s the Hall was partially upgraded, but still awaits funding for a major retrofit.

(Although dismissively and inaccurately described by Partridges in his 1990 Club history, the effort to preserve Senior Hall from Faculty Club expansion was a credible, sincere, and successful preservation effort for a historic building of the campus. The efforts of the Order of the Golden Bear to save their venerable and traditional meeting place were rooted in the same type of affection that Faculty Club members have for their building.)

74 Ibid, p. 37.

July 23, 2009 78 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

The “University Center” idea, if carried through as conceived, probably would have substantially changed the nature of the Faculty Club. Large events would have come to dominate the expanded facilities and half or more of the physical complex would have been a 1960s structure. The complex would have probably become much more of an events center, and less of a club.

The Haas family – major donors to several University causes – had offered $600,000 to fund the University Center project but, when it was clearly stalled by the mid-1970s, agreed that the money could be used for “needed revisions and enhancements of both clubhouses.” The Faculty Club used its portion of the funds for entrance and dining terrace improvements, expansion of the servery, new furnishings in several rooms, changes to the Howard Lounge, and redesign of the bar in the west wing.75 The Club also obtained a State liquor license in the 1970s. Prior to this time Club members kept their own wine in lockers in the basement, brought out for service at their request. Now the Club maintains its own wine cellar.76

A primary and enduring cultural change at the Club took place in 1972 when “after soul searching discussion” members approved a change to the Articles of Incorporation “to eliminate all discrimination against female membership in the Club.”77 Women were later

75 Ibid, p. 38-39.

76 Ibid, p. 123.

77 Ibid, p. 38.

July 23, 2009 79 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley elected to the Board, and Professor Janette Richardson became the first women president when president Milton Chernin died in 1987. Women are now regularly Board members and members of Club committees; the only “all male” activity in the Club is the Monks Chorus that performs at the annual Christmas Party and some other occasions.

The admittance of women into the membership of the Club took place in the same era that sexual discrimination was being formally ended in other traditional campus organizations such as the California Marching Band, and various student societies and organizations, including the once all-male Order of the Golden Bear, which still operated Senior Hall, next door to the Club.

Recent Decades In 1978 the Club concluded an agreement with the University administration spelling out financial responsibility for the Club building. “The (campus) administration assumed major responsibility for the Club’s maintenance and utilities expenses. The atmosphere of friendly relations between Campus and University administrations and The Faculty Club was instrumental in meeting and solving this crisis…”78

Late 1970s renovations ensued, including structural improvements to the Great Hall, a “fire-proof tile” roof,

78 Ibid, p. 42.

July 23, 2009 80 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley and “scores of minor corrections” elsewhere in the building. According to the Partridge’s club history, Professor of Architecture Michael Goodman was a major participant, from the 1960s through this period, in “every matter related to the structure of the clubhouse, whether it be remodeling rooms or replacing the furnishings…”79

By the end of the 1980s the Club had nearly 1,800 members, 526 of them active faculty and 411 emeriti faculty.80 This membership represented more than 20 times the size of the entire faculty at the time the Club was founded.

It was noted in 1990 that “The principal future needs of the clubhouse building were more banquet facilities, more small private dining rooms and additional hotel accommodations. The demand for these services for several years had exceeded the availability of physical spaces.”81

A study of campus food service operations in 1982 provided a snapshot of the Club’s dining operations. The Club’s food services did $472,324 in adjusted gross revenue during the 1980-81 year, netting $30,500. An average of 950 diners was served per day; the dining operations were open all but three weeks of the year.

79 Ibid, p. 43.

80 Ibid, p. 46.

81 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 81 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Seating capacity was listed as 60 in the bar, 332 in the restaurant facilities, and 195 “café” service. (These numbers seem rather high in the restaurant and café categories; it is possible they included full utilization of the Great Hall for dining, as well as the outdoor dining terraces).82 The Club was described as specializing in “made to order sandwiches, a variety of hot entrees, soups, and beverages,” and having an “overall atmosphere…of a darkly paneled, traditional men’s club, with heavily scaled furnishings, heavy timbers and subdued lighting.” Non-members were allowed to eat at the Club for a 15% surcharge, and presumably made up many, if not the majority, of the 950 daily diners.83

The report said that the Club “appears to be operating successfully, primarily because of a sizeable membership fee…along with the income realized through the operation of a bar. It is doubtful that this operation, which charges very modest prices to its members, would otherwise be able to break even. Although it does a sizeable luncheon business during the academic year, this facility is significantly underutilized at dinner time. There was some discussion by the task force of a possible branch of this facility in the northwest quadrant of the campus, which is presently underserved.

Management of the club has indicated a willingness to consider operating a western branch, as they

82 Task Force Report on Food Services, Berkeley Campus Space Plan, p. 11.

83 Ibid, p. 12 and 21.

July 23, 2009 82 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley themselves have conducted a survey of the location of their members and determined they are underrepresented from the western portion of campus. The recent decision to serve non-members at a 15% surcharge reflects a desire to increase patronage, but dinner service requires further promotion. The facility is especially attractive and romantic and requires no alteration.”84

The report also noted that “The Men’s (sic) Faculty Club recently has opened to the general public…but the ambience of the facility remains that of a private club and the general campus population may not realize its availability or feel comfortable there…The Faculty Club should consider publicizing its availability to the general public, particularly to boost evening patronage. One method might be to circularize faculty and staff regularly…”85

In recent years (1990s and early 2000s) principal changes to the physical Club have concentrated on refurbishment of the guest rooms, public spaces, and furnishings and upgrades to the kitchen.

The cultural and social character of the Club continues in the traditions that began with the reforms in the 1960s. Most of the upstairs operates as a private hotel, generally serving visitors – some short term, others for

84 Ibid, p. 27.

85 Ibid, p. 38.

July 23, 2009 83 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley months at a time – to the campus. The regular lunch service – both sit down, and buffet – is still the most active period of the business day, with many Club members and other members of the campus community coming to eat, either in informal groups or for organized lunches. Parts of the day and during many evenings the main floor is occupied with meetings, some small, some large, for which members and University departments and offices reserve the array of meeting rooms and gathering spaces. The Kerr Dining Room offers regular breakfast and dinner service and, often, in the evening there are special banquets and events of campus organizations and programs.

The Club has become a popular venue for weddings, which often take up much of the facility on weekends. A regular array of dinners and special events is publicized for members, with wine tastings prominent among the offerings. As the large cohort of faculty who came to the University in the period after World War II ages and retires, emeriti and their spouses make up a large percentage of those attending Club events. An organization called the “Golden Girlfriends” was founded in the 1990s as a social group for older women members whose husbands had died, and regularly meets at the Club.

In 1980, Garff Wilson, a long time member of the faculty, voiced a more critical view of the Club that illuminated the change in character over the years from a place where an intimate group of elite faculty on a small campus (by today's standards) could spend much

July 23, 2009 84 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley of their free time regularly socializing with each other, and a Club serving more of an event and dining function on a campus with thousands of faculty.

Asked by an interviewer, "What goes on at the Faculty Club? Is there brilliance up there?", Wilson replied, somewhat aescerbically:

"That's the continuing problem of the Faculty Club, that it's so stuffy and fuddyduddish that people don t want to go up there except for meetings and when they have to have a quick meal. But as a club where you find your friends and where you can exchange banter and news and so on, it just does not succeed except for a very few people here and there who use the club as that. Otherwise, it s a place to hold meetings and to get food and that's all...Oh, there have been a lot of things improved up there. But it’s not the gathering place where you meet your friends and where you get the same kind of sparkle give-and-take or a brilliant aura of wit and wisdom."86

A thumbnail description of the character of the Club in recent years was written by Gil Paltridge in 1990. “Day- to-day life in The Faculty Club changes markedly according to time and place. At breakfast time attendance is sparse, quiet, and usually occupied with the morning papers. At lunch time, a huge mass of humanity descends upon the Club and spreads itself among the Great Hall, the Bar, the Kerr and Heyns

86 Oral history, Garff B. Wilson

July 23, 2009 85 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley dining rooms, the decks and patios (weather permitting) and the dozen or so small dining-meeting rooms. The afternoons are quiet. Some of the members without urgent agendas have sought out one of the large oak Morris chairs in the Howard Room for a full-tummy nap. Dinner time sees a mild exercise in elegance in the Kerr Room and perhaps one or two of the other dining rooms. The week-ends usually see a beehive of activity—football rallies and reunions, bar and bat mitzvahs, weddings, and all sorts of Club and private gatherings.”87

This description can be usefully compared with a recent (2008 and ongoing) survey of member institutions of the Association of College and University Clubs (ACUC). The survey indicates that many of the activities of the Faculty Club at Berkeley parallel those of similar clubs nationwide. It reported that three quarters or more of the member clubs offered “theme dinners”, “wine tastings” and “holiday banquets” to their members, and virtually all offered facilities and services for “private parties, weddings, retirements and so on.”

More than half provided “guest speaker series” and dining associated with special events (like on-campus sporting events).

87 Paltridge, p. 64.

July 23, 2009 86 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Less common activities were book clubs, weekly brunches, and cooking classes.88

The Faculty Club is no longer the only place for faculty to eat on the central campus, and formal sit down lunches are no longer the order of the day for many faculty. Many academic and other campus staff now “brown bag” lunch and/or eat in their offices, or scatter snacks throughout the day rather than having one large, mid-day, meal.

A network of small, but popular, cafes and satellite dining facilities has also been developed on the campus since the 1970s. The large campus dining commons was phased out in the mid-1980s, but the Free Speech Café in Moffitt Library, Café Zeb in the Law School, Jimmy Bean’s in the Haas School of Business complex, and dining facilities at the newly built Stanley Hall (adjacent to Mining Circle) are all in closer proximity to many Faculty and staff than the Faculty Club dining rooms and have become popular eating spots. Residence Hall dining facilities are now also open to general public use, as are the dining facilities in International House, including a café/ coffee shop.

With the rise of the Bay Area’s (and national) “coffee culture,” many campus departments, particularly the professional schools and large specialized colleges, now see an in-house or nearby campus café serving

88 http://www.acuclubs.org/PDFFiles/Newsletter/Globe1108.pdf (November, 2008)

July 23, 2009 87 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley sophisticated non-alcoholic beverages and light food for on-site eating or take out as a component good academic facilities planning. Such facilities provide a place for faculty, staff, students, and visitors to interact, and a place to get a snack or take a break without committing too much time for a trip away from the workplace.

The oldest of these modern-era spaces on campus is Ramona’s Café in Wurster Hall, the College of Environmental Design Building, which was started as an eatery in 1970. The most recent is a café in the new Stanley Hall, which opened in 2008. Another café will open in the CITRIS building, under construction in 2009. The operations of these facilities tend to be split between private operators – sometimes as satellites of their off-campus restaurants and cafes of the same name – and the campus dining services operations.

None of these other on-campus facilities serve alcohol, with the exception of the Bear’s Lair in the basement of the King Student Union, which was originally operated by the ASUC but is now also contracted to an off- campus private operator.

At the same time the availability of many faculty for lengthy evening events at places like the Faculty Club has diminished because of longer commute times and busier work schedules. On-campus responsibilities for many academics no longer ends with the conclusion of the business day, and home can be a long drive, not a

July 23, 2009 88 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley short stroll or streetcar ride, away. Most faculty who are married or partnered have working spouses, so childcare and home responsibilities are shared. The opportunity for male faculty to leave the responsibilities of running the home to their wife and go to the Club on a regular daily or weekly basis for convivial billiards, drinking, or socializing with colleagues has thus faded over the decades.

These changes have tended to skew the audience for Faculty Club regular programs towards retirees who have more time and more attachment to traditional activities. A common feature of Club membership recruitment discussions in recent decades has been the goal of attracting more, and younger, members from the faculty, especially faculty whose campus workplaces are not in close proximity to the Club facilities.

Faculty Club Setting and Landscape Development As noted at the beginning of this section, the site set aside for the Faculty Club was University owned land but not part of the earliest complex of academic buildings on the campus, which were concentrated to the north and northwest of the Club, beyond Strawberry Creek.

The University of California had acquired from the private College of California, in 1868, undeveloped Berkeley campus grounds that lay largely between what are now Hearst Avenue, Oxford Street, and the south branch of Strawberry Creek. The campus edge ran in

July 23, 2009 89 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley an irregular line south of the creek – sometimes close to the bank, sometimes a greater distance away – east from what is now Oxford/Fulton to the vicinity of Piedmont Avenue. The area where the Faculty Club is located was one of the areas where the campus strip on the south side of the Creek was relatively wide. It ran across what is now Faculty Glade and up to the top of the slope, where it met the undeveloped “Hillegass Tract,” a privately owned several acre piece of property that remained undeveloped through the 19th Century while the town of Berkeley grew up on three sides of it. The Hillegass Tract was purchased by the University in 1900, making the area between Faculty Glade and Bancroft part of the campus, but when the Club was built it was still not developed.

There were several off-campus city blocks between the campus southern border and Bancroft Way in the early days of the University. Most of these became built up with private homes. One large block extended north of Bancroft along College Avenue to Strawberry Creek, and was bordered on the east by winding Piedmont Avenue. Other blocks extended from Bancroft north on both sides of Telegraph Avenue, to what is now Sather Gate. All this area was later acquired, in stages, by the University, establishing by the mid-20th Century Bancroft Way as a uniform southern edge to the campus. However, in the first years of the Faculty Club, the borders still lay north of Bancroft along much of the street’s length.

The Club location was a creek side swale. Riparian vegetation concentrated along the water course,

July 23, 2009 90 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley including native bay laurel trees, the descendents of which still grow near the Club. There were no redwoods in the Club vicinity in this era. On the somewhat level lower portion of the future Faculty Glade, and the drier slopes above, ancient and picturesque California live oaks predominated. The oldest were trees hundreds of years old, which rose high to form wide, often interconnected, canopies. The area beneath them was not lawn, widely open to the sky, but rather a “glade” in the sense of a forest glade, filled with dappled light and covered with leaf litter and seasonal grasses.

It was this setting that was chosen for the Faculty Club, and Bernard Maybeck chose to insert the building amongst some of the older oaks which, in early photographs, can be seen standing quite close to the structure.

When the Club was built no other campus buildings other than the dining cottage stood in the immediate vicinity. To the north, across the Creek, was the large brick Chemistry Building and, a bit further west, East Hall, a wooden neoclassical academic building. Beyond East Hall, where Birge Hall stands today, was the red brick Bacon Library building.

A few small wooden footbridges, some quite rustic, crossed the creek, and a wide roadway – South Drive – ran above the steep northern bank, and connected to College Avenue east / northeast of the Club site. There were footpaths along the grassy slopes and amongst

July 23, 2009 91 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley the trees around the Club site leading south, and some early photographs indicate that the grass under the oaks grew long and varied in the spring and summer, rather than being manicured by grounds keepers.

What is now called “Faculty Glade” was, in the 19th Century, sometimes referred to by students as “Co-ed Canon,” perhaps because of the early use of the two cottages as residences for women students. It became a periodic location for student events and, during one period, when freshmen students engaged in an elaborate ritual to conclude the use of hated but required English and mathematics textbooks, “burials” of the books took place in the glade vicinity and a row of little mock tombstones supposedly lined the slope.

During 1905/06 the Faculty Club acquired its first “neighbor,” Senior Men’s Hall. This was a structure funded by the Order of the Golden Bear, a senior men’s society that drew associate members from amongst faculty and alumni and had been established at the suggestion of President Benjamin Ide Wheeler as a way to organize leadership and public opinion on the campus. Golden Bear was not a “secret society” – the membership was annually published in the yearbook – but the organization held closed discussion meetings during which matters of interest to the student community were discussed. In the early decades of the organization the student population was small enough that many of the leading student opinion-makers – fraternity presidents, ASUC officers, newspaper editors, captains of intercollegiate sports teams – could be

July 23, 2009 92 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley included in the “fellowship” and the meetings served as places was student opinion could be informally shaped.

Like the Faculty Club, the Order of the Golden Bear requested permission from The Regents, and received it , to build its “club house” on the bank of Strawberry Creek. The site was just upstream from the Club and characterized by Professor Henry Morse Stephens – a favorite of students, and a Golden Bear associate member, as well as a Faculty Club resident – as constituting the “heart” of the university, appropriately situated near the “mind,” that is, the Faculty Club.

Senior Hall was built as a one story, two room, rustic log cabin. The larger room served the men of the Senior Class as a gathering space; the smaller room served, and still serves, as a meeting place for the Order of the Golden Bear, which remains the organizational custodian of the Hall.89

In 1900 the University had acquired the Hillegass Tract south/southwest of the Club site. In 1905 the Associated Students paid for the construction of California Field, a square wooden stadium with wooden bleachers, roughly on the current site of Hearst Gymnasium and Hearst North Field. This lay to the south west of the Club, just beyond the ridge top.

89 Personal communication, Steven Finacom.

July 23, 2009 93 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

In 1909 a series of academic support facilities were constructed at the top of the Faculty Glade slope, south of the Club. These included wooden and corrugated metal structures that variously served, over the years, to house the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, agricultural research, the Spreckels Physiological Laboratory, and the Decorative Art program. East Hall was moved from north of Strawberry Creek to join this collection of structures in 1921. All of these buildings formed a relatively large, but somewhat ramshackle group; none were considered permanent buildings of the campus, but most would remain through the 1940s and 50s.

In 1911 an elaborate memorial bridge, to honor Phoebe Hearst, was constructed crossing Strawberry Creek north of the Club. Complete with arch and inscription, it provided a dignified portal for those approaching the Club from the direction of the physical sciences and engineering buildings of the campus.

In the early 1920s the southern edge of Strawberry Creek, west of Faculty Glade and downstream from the Club, was chosen as a site for the first purpose-built student union, Stephens Memorial Hall. Completed in 1923, it housed student and alumni association offices, club rooms for men and women, dining facilities, the student store, and other facilities. The same year the Women’s Faculty Club was completed upstream of The Faculty Club and Senior Hall, completing the present- day assemblage of three buildings of which the Faculty Club is the westernmost. Stephens Union, Women’s Faculty Club, and Senior Hall were all designed by John

July 23, 2009 94 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Galen Howard in widely diverse styles: Collegiate Gothic, “log cabin”, and Berkeley brown shingle.

The immediate landscape around the Club, particularly to the south, as noted elsewhere, was initially maintained as a garden by the Club members themselves, who selected the plantings and contributed volunteer labor. This was in an era when many male professors, regardless of their academic disciplines, had an extra-curricular interest in gardening and were known for their individual plant breeding, or garden, specialties. Rhododendrons, ferns, and other shrubs and perennials were planted near the Club, and some photos indicate that a mixed hedge ran up the hillside between the Club building and Faculty Glade. One of the early plantings of a dawn redwood on the Berkeley campus (seeds originally brought back from China by Professor Ralph Cheney in the 1940s) was made southwest of the Club – the tree is now a prominent feature at the edge of Faculty Glade.

The construction of Stephens Union brought about some landscape improvements in the Faculty Glade area, as well as construction of another elaborate bridge across Strawberry Creek into the Glade. In this era, the 1920s, a flagstone path was laid from this bridge and the Union running east/west across the lower Glade to the main north entrance of the Club.

By this time many of the older live oaks in the Glade proper had died, leaving the slope more open, and the

July 23, 2009 95 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

University was maintaining a lawn on the hillside. The Glade became a place for formal campus gatherings and entertainments, ranging from memorials, to outdoor alumni banquets on Charter Day (the University’s founding anniversary), to performances of the Partheneia, an annual “masque” written, designed, and entirely performed by women students. The Partheneia was initially held elsewhere on campus when it started in 1911, but was then moved to Faculty Glade, where annual performances continued until 1931. Faculty Glade was also the setting, in 1934, for part of a performance of “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” staged by famed European impresario Max Reinhardt, and would later be used for other cultural events and gatherings.

The Faculty Club, as noted elsewhere, had added its own tennis court and garages southeast of the Club building and garden. These would later be displaced by construction of permanent academic buildings.

By the 1950s the University was completing acquisition of all the private property that had formerly lain north of Bancroft Way and west of Piedmont Avenue, southeast of the Faculty Club. This area was then largely reshaped as a new precinct for professional schools (Law, Optometry, Environmental Design) and the arts (Music, Art). The buildings at the top of the Faculty Glade rise were demolished and replaced by the unified complex of Hertz Hall and Morrison Hall for the Department of Music, completed in 1958.

July 23, 2009 96 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

“In the early 1960s, the Chancellor’s Office agreed to maintain the garden area around the clubhouse, without any charge to the Club. This action was significant, though perhaps perceived with mixed emotions. Club members were proud of their garden. Andy Lawson had planted most of it. Members had individually chipped in to buy the more expensive plants – and they had planned what was to go in it.”90

Since then, the landscape around the Club has retained some of the character of a residential landscaping – with plantings of rhododendrons, azaleas, and Japanese maples, amongst others – but has also been more generally integrated into the campus grounds.

In this period the flagstone pathways of the Glade were also removed and the space somewhat reconfigured, with creation of a “racetrack” of asphalt pathways around the perimeter, and construction of a new arched concrete bridge aligned on a diagonal between the top of the Glade – now a major pedestrian entrance to this part of the campus – and Sather Tower. The Glade has largely retained the design of that era in subsequent years.

The last major physical development to change the immediate vicinity of the Faculty Club was the construction of the addition to Minor Hall, immediately

90 Paltridge, p. 36.

July 23, 2009 97 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley southeast of the Club structure, in 1978. This modernist, vaguely corporate looking, concrete and glass building housed the Optometry Clinic and caused the removal of the Faculty Club garage structures from 1932. The Optometry complex stands relatively close to the Club, but on the least obtrusive and least historic corner of the Club complex.

In 2002 Audrey Richards and Carol Clarke, members of the Club’s House Committee, donated funds to plant an English oak on the Faculty Glade slope southwest of the Club building. The planting, accompanied by a plaque, was suggested by another House Committee member, Steven Finacom, to commemorate the Centennial of the Club, and also replace a venerable and picturesque live oak that had been cut down in that vicinity not long before. Campus Landscape Architect Jim Horner suggested the English oak species and arranged for the planting, not far from a memorial stone and plaque commemorating the Henry Morse Stephens Oak, an earlier tree on the hillside slope.

A Note on Cultural Significance As a more than century old facility, the Faculty Club has seen many important residents, visitors, and events. Scores of people have lived there, some for decades; thousands have been temporary residents and guests, and tens of thousands have attended events there and participated in Club activities.

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No comprehensive attempt was made for this report to try to document the exact nature, names, and dates of these persons and activities. Such a research project would have taken considerable time and resources beyond the scope of this report and would have still been incomplete, since comprehensive records do not survive recording ten decades of daily Club use.

A few mentions of important individuals are appropriate as a brief sampling of the cultural history. For several years prior to his death in 1919, Professor Henry Morse Stephens, a significant figure in campus history and chair of the Department of History, lived in the “tower suite.” Other notables who have lived at the Club have included Robert Oppenheimer, later head of the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II, and Glenn Seaborg, research chemist and later Nobel Prize winner, Chancellor of the Berkeley campus, and head of the Atomic Energy Commission.

It is reasonable to assume that the earlier portions of the Club, particularly those built before the 1950s when the long-term accommodations were phased out, were the home of faculty members important in the history of the University and in their academic disciplines. It is also reasonable to assume that over the past century notable individuals have stayed at the Club as guests (Paltridge’s history, for example, records the visit of poet Edwin Markham), and that important meetings and cultural events have taken place there, but have yet to be fully documented and dated.

July 23, 2009 99

E. ARCHITECTS MAYBECK, HOWARD, PERRY, WELLINGTON, AND GOODMAN

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

E. ARCHITECTS MAYBECK, HOWARD, PERRY, WELLINGTON, AND GOODMAN

Bernard Maybeck (1862-1957) Bernard Ralph Maybeck is one of the best known California architects – with outstanding examples of his work easily discernable from the work of his contemporaries. Maybeck is most often associated with the Arts and Crafts architectural movement, but it is more true to say that he had a very specific California style, which echoed aspects of the Arts and Crafts style, and was unique. His work became part of what is known as the First Bay Area Tradition.

Maybeck was born in New York City, and his father was Figure 10 - Portrait of Bernard Maybeck at the Bohemian Grove. Courtesy of UC Berkeley, the foreman in charge of wood carvers at Pottier and Environmental Design Archives Stymus, one of the premier cabinetmaking firms of the late 19th Century in the United States. After dropping out of high school, Maybeck entered into an apprenticeship with the cabinet makers, but soon left that as well. His introduction to architecture came from Pottier’s brother in Paris. He passed the entrance exam in 1882 and entered into the atelier of Jules-Louis Andre – whose prior students had included H. H. Richardson.

Like many of his foreign-born contemporaries, Maybeck was not granted a diploma from the École, but still received the same training and education as the French architects who could receive an official diploma. He returned to New York in 1886 and worked on hotel

July 23, 2009 101 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley projects in Florida for the architectural firm of Carrère and Hastings. After briefly attempting to work in the Midwest, Maybeck arrived in California in 1890. After several unsuccessful attempts at architectural competitions, including the International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California, Maybeck eventually became the first professor of Architectural Drawing at the University of California, and the Department of Architecture, the first in the West.

Bernard Maybeck’s style of design fit in well with the naturalism of the Arts and Crafts movement which had become very popular in California at the turn of the century. However, Maybeck’s work was heavily influenced by his love of medieval design, as well as ideas from Japanese and Gothic architecture, nature and even the California Missions – whose influence can be seen in the exterior design of the Faculty Club. Heavy beams, raw deep colors and a meeting of the surrounding environment and the building itself characterize his designs.1

Many of the extant residences which he designed can be found in the East Bay. As a resident of Berkeley, Maybeck built houses and cottages for many of the area’s families. He was also the architect for one of Phoebe Hearst’s cottages. However, Bernard Maybeck is probably most well known for two of his public projects. The 1910 First Church of Christ, Scientist in Berkeley is an example of Maybeck’s design ideals fully

1http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Orchard/8642/bmaybeck.html

July 23, 2009 102 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley realized. His other most notable structure is the Palace of Fine Arts, designed for the 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. Today’s version, a copy of the original, is the only surviving in situ structure from the PPIE.

John Galen Howard (1864-1931) Born in Chelmsford, MA in 1864, John Galen Howard studied first at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which at the time had the only architecture program in the United States. He left before he completed his degree, and went on to apprentice under Henry Hobson Richardson.2 Howard worked for Richardson’s successors and traveled to California where he sketched missions and adobe buildings, becoming familiar with the vernacular character of the local architecture.3 Upon returning to the East Coast, Howard took a position with the prestigious firm of McKim, Mead and White. With the financial support Figure 11 - Portrait of John Galen Howard by Pach Brothers. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library. from Charles McKim, Howard attended the École des University of California, Berkeley. Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1890 to 1893. Though he once more abandoned his education before he could complete the degree, Howard brought back the influence and training of those three years and established a private practice with Samuel Cauldwell in New York in 1894.4

2www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Orchard/8642/jghoward.html.

3Helfand, The Campus Guide, p. 14.

4Ibid, p. 14.

4www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Orchard/8642/jghoward.html.

July 23, 2009 103 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

After being appointed supervising architect to the University of California, Howard moved his family to California in 1902, and by 1903, the University had allocated funds to establish a department of architecture, of which Howard was appointed lead professor.5 In 1903, Howard’s first project, the Hearst Greek Theatre was completed, and by 1913, he was appointed director of the School of Architecture. Howard is responsible for many buildings on campus, including the Hearst Memorial Mining Building, the Greek Theatre, Durant (formerly Boalt) Hall, California Hall, Wellman (formerly Agriculture) Hall, the University Library, Sather Tower (the Campanile), Sather Gate, Wheeler Hall, Hilgard Hall, Gilman Hall, Hesse Hall, (old) Le Conte Hall, Senior Hall, and some of the Faculty Club, the Women’s Faculty Club and Haviland Hall.6 All these were planned as permanent structures. Howard also designed numerous “temporary” buildings, some of which have survived, including North Gate Hall, Naval Architecture, and the first unit of the Dwinelle Annex. He died in 1931 in San Francisco.

Warren C. Perry (1884-1980) Warren Charles Perry was born in Santa Barbara and practiced architecture in California for his entire career. His first connections to the UC Berkeley were as a student in the Civil Engineering undergraduate program. The Perry’s family friend, John Galen Howard, was the head of the department and Warren Perry took several architecture classes during his time at Berkeley.

5 Ibid.

6 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 104 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

With the encouragement of Howard, Perry traveled to Paris in 1907 where he took the entrance exam for the École des Beaux-Arts. Perry entered the École under the tutelage of Gaston Redon – an architect of the Louvre and winner of the Grand Prix de Rome.7 He returned to the Bay Area in 1911 and became a member of the faculty of the School of Architecture at the University. By 1913, he had also established his own practice in San Francisco and designed several shingle style private residences in San Francisco.

In 1927, when John Galen Howard was no longer the chair of the Architecture Department, Perry stepped forward to take his place. In 1929 he was appointed dean of the School of Architecture and remained in that position until he was succeeded by William Wurster in 1950. Warren Perry and George Kelham designed the George C. Edwards Track Stadium (later renamed Goldman Field) in 1932.

Perry remained an active member of the architecture community in the Bay Area, serving as president of the of the San Francisco Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. He finally retired at the age of 70, and continued to live in the house that he designed at 2530 Vallejo Street in San Francisco.

Winfield Scott Wellington (1897-1979)

7 http://www.sfhistoryencyclopedia.com/articles/p/perryWarren.html

July 23, 2009 105 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Winfield Scott Wellington attended both Tulane University and the Georgia School of Technology before earning a Master’s Degree at the UC Berkeley in 1922. He went on to earn a graduate degree in Architecture in 1923. His designs focused mostly on interior spaces as well as exhibition spaces for museums and galleries.

As a professor at the University, he taught courses for the Department of Decorative Art, at what would eventually become the College of Environmental Design.8

Michael Arthur Goodman (1903-1991) Michael Goodman was born in Vilna, Lithuania in 1903. After the Russian Revolution he fled the country and eventually landed in San Francisco. An early recognition of his career occurred when he was awarded the San Francisco Art Association Gold Medal in 1925. He became a naturalized citizen in 1927. Goodman was hired to the UC Art Department program in 1928. He garnered another recognition of his talent in 1930 with the American Graphic Arts Society Award. Off campus, Goodman is also renowned for his design work while working with architects Miller and Pfleuger on the proscenium grand drape and valance in the Paramount Theater in Oakland. The signature Art Deco theater was constructed in 1931, and is now listed in the National Register.9 In 1934 he started his own architectural firm.

8http://www.ced.berkeley.edu/cedarchives/profiles/wellington.htm

9http://www.paramounttheatre.com/history3.html

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Each president of the University, starting with Sproul who was elevated to the position in 1930, asked him to be in charge of the lavish decorations for official ceremonies. This included Commencement, the Freshman Reception and the Charter Day Celebrations. On campus, his main focus tended towards architectural and interior design. A plaque in the main dining room of the Faculty Club commemorates the role of Goodman as the self-appointed overseer of the design of the Faculty Club.10

His projects around the University of California campus include some Faculty Club renovations, and the Hearst Mining Building alterations. Other projects include the electron microscope installation, the Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory design and construction, the Brick Muller Room addition in Memorial Stadium, and the Farm Bureau Building alterations for the University Extension Division.11 He also oversaw a minor alteration of the Life Sciences Building. He also worked on projects for the UC Davis campus. As a long standing and admired member of the American Institute of Architects he was inducted into the AIA as a Fellow in 1945. He was awarded the Berkeley Citation award in 1970 for his 20 years of distinguished achievement on the Berkeley Planning Commission. He continued his work with the University until 1971.

10 Online Archive of California. Goodman, Michael. In Memoriam. http://www.oac.cdlib.org/

11 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 107

F. ARTISTS BOYNTON, NAHL AND

SCHNIER

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

F. ARTISTS BOYNTON, NAHL AND SCHNIER

Raymond Boynton (1883-1951) Raymond Boynton was born in 1883 in Whitten, Iowa. By 1902, he was studying at the Chicago Institute of Art. Boynton stayed in Chicago until 1915, when he moved to San Francisco by way of Washington State. His move was in part influenced by the Panama Pacific International Exhibition where many of his works were being shown.

After serving as a recruiting officer on Angel Island during World War I, he began teaching at both the California School of Fine Arts (1919) and the UC Berkeley. He was commissioned as a muralist for several pieces, and was selected as one of the 26 muralists to paint frescos in Coit Tower as part of the Federal Art Act. He participated in another Federal Art Act project which included the painting of 12 lunettes for the Modesto Post Office. In 1938 he was appointed to the board of directors of the San Francisco Art Association which was influential in guiding education programs. Boynton was a member of the Bohemian Club, and belonged to several artist organizations.

He joined the University in 1923 and retired in 1948, and moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico.12

12http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography Raymond Boynton

July 23, 2009 109 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Perham Nahl (1869-1935) Perham Nahl was born in San Francisco in 1869. He was the nephew of Charles Nahl, and the son of Hugo Wilhelm Arthur Nahl. At an early age, Perham studied under his father and his uncle, both respected California artists. Nahl studied first at the Mark Hopkins Institute until 1906, when he traveled to Europe to continue his studies in France then in Munich at the Heyman Academy.

Nahl returned to the United States in 1907, and took a teaching position at the newly formed California College of Arts and Crafts. He remained to teach at CCAC for twenty years, and in 1920 became and assistant professor of drawing at UC Berkeley. In 1929, he accepted the position of Professor at UC and continued to teach there until 1935.

Perham Nahl received a number of prizes for his work, much of which had been influenced by his travels to places like Japan and Mexico. One of his best known works is a publicity poster for the Panama Pacific International Exhibition, entitled the Thirteenth Labor of Hercules. The iconic poster depicted Hercules holding open the Panama Canal for the ships to pass through.13

13http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography Perham Nahl

July 23, 2009 110 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Jacques Schnier (1898-1988) Jacques Schnier was born in Constanza, Romania on Christmas Day in 1898 and his family emigrated to San Francisco in 1903 where his father worked in residential construction. His formal education included an A.B. degree in engineering from Stanford in 1920. He worked as an engineer in Hawaii until 1923. But he abandoned engineering to work in city planning. At this time he was introduced to sculpture. Additionally he garnered an M.A. degree in Sociology from Berkeley in 1939.

He was first appointed as a lecturer within the UC Berkeley Department of Architecture. During his time at the University, Schnier was instrumental in the expansion of a clay modeling course into a full fledged degree. He also had interests in the fields of mental health and psychoanalysis where he published and was an active member of the community. His art teaching career at Berkeley spanned 30 years.

Besides the bronze of John Galen Howard in the Howard Room, his public commissions spanned “extremes of scale, from the design and execution in 1936 of the commemorative half-dollar for the opening of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, to monumental statues and bas-reliefs for the Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939-40, and the design and execution of sculpture for Matson Lines' S.S. Lurline in 1947.”14 He was known as a modernist

14http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb967nb5k3&doc.view=content&chunk.id=div00047&toc.depth=1&brand=oa c&anchor.id=0

July 23, 2009 111 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley and worked in traditional media including bronze, stone, wood, marble and copper.

Retiring in 1966 as professor of art, emeritus, Schnier then experimented with newfound materials to him including acrylic and later stainless steel. Schnier worked in his studio well into his 80s. In 1979 he received an Award of Honor from the San Francisco Arts Commission, which was followed by one-man exhibition at the Arts Commission Gallery.

During his lifetime his work was shown in many exhibitions. His works are included in public collections held by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Oakland Museum, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Crocker Art Gallery and Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University.

July 23, 2009 112

G. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUILDING

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

G. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUILDING

The 32,100 square foot Faculty Club as viewed today is the work of many designers who added to, or altered, Bernard Maybeck’s original single-room building to suit the ever growing needs of the University, and consequently the club. Despite this, the design of the whole is much more than the sum of its parts. The building displays two distinct stylistic expressions: Mission Revival in the first two portions by Maybeck, and the Shingle style for the remainder of work by Howard, and various other architects.

In 1888 Maybeck was exposed to a Mission-like idiom when he worked in the office of Carrère and Hastings where he was involved in Florida’s Ponce de Leon and Alcazar Hotels whose design was a relative in the form of Spanish Renaissance with Moorish overtones. After moving to the West he joined the office of A. Page Brown where he was involved with all the construction administration (and possibly some of the design) for the Mission-style California Building constructed for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition and Fair in Chicago.

Other influences occurred as well. During 1891 a series of ten illustrated articles about California’s unique missions appeared in California Architect. Additionally writer and publisher Charles Lummis, who in 1895 founded the southern California based Landmarks Club,

July 23, 2009 114 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley launched a crusade to save the missions located up and down the West Coast.1

A local extant example of the style was the Southern Pacific Railroad depot in Burlingame which was completed in 1894. It is thought to be one of the area’s earliest examples of this style. This design was considered indigenous California architecture which took its cue from early Spanish-built missions of adobe with terra cotta clay tile roofs. This style is said to have “satisfied yearnings to find some old roots in a new land.”2 Another example is the Santa Fe Depot in Berkeley, designed by Charles Whittlesey, which was completed in 1904.

Maybeck would again use the idea in his design, in 1920 for the Fagan Residence in Woodside, which was an all-stucco design with Mission overtones.

Maybeck previously used the dramatic, high peaked space seen in the Great Hall in the Hearst Hall commission, built in 1899. Always the innovator, Maybeck conceived of curved laminated arches to create this columnless space which soared fifty-four feet, creating a cathedral-like setting. And more remarkable was that the temporary structure was demountable for use elsewhere. He continued to use this dramatic volume in many following commissions as

1 http://verlang.com/sfbay0004ref_bm_01.html#Faculty_Club

2 Freudenheim and Sussman, p. 77.

July 23, 2009 115 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley seen in the Outdoor Art Club, Mill Valley in 1904; the Erlanger house, San Francisco in 1916; and the Wallen Maybeck and Kerna Maybeck houses in 1933, even to the point of the dragon head motif in the cut end of a wood support member in the last work.

He also used the wall covering of board and batten for the design of Boke house, in 1902, and the Schneider house in 1907, both in Berkeley as well as the Hopps house addition of 1925, in Ross.

The Arts and Crafts movement, with its emphasis on craftsmanship, came about in the later half of the 19th Century in England under the leadership of reformer/ designer William Morris and thinker John Ruskin. The intent was that the movement be a platform for the reform of design and social order. The emphasis was on the appreciation of craftsmanship, not mass production, which harkened back to the pre-industrial times. Its variation in the United States, less social in intent, was to explore the boundaries of Victorian taste with simply designed and unadorned forms.

The shingle movement in the Bay Area prior to 1892 consisted of works by Bruce Price (1845-1902), one in San Francisco for J. V. Coleman and another in San Mateo for George Howard. The Reverend Joseph Worcester (1836-1913), an amateur architect, designed a triple ensemble of shingle-clad houses on the apex of San Francisco’s Russian Hill for Emilie and David Marshall, in 1888, along with a modest cottage for

July 23, 2009 116 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley himself shortly thereafter on the same property. Prior to that Worcester built a shingle-clad house in the East Bay’s Piedmont district in 1877 which had the earmarks of a consciously rustic design – and no Victorian sentimentality. This was before the East Coast shingle movement was in full flower.3

The Shingle style was in existence since the 1880s in the Berkeley area. The 1894 Anna Head School on Channing Way was an early and spectacular example by the virtually unknown architect Soule Edgar Fisher. Another unusual example is A. C. Schweinfurth’s First Unitarian Church on Bancroft Way which was built in 1898 in a highly sophisticated design focusing on the mass rather than a collection of disparate parts. John Galen Howard’s vocabulary was wide-reaching, including shingle. He was easily conversant in grand classical as the more intimate Arts and Crafts. Many other Howard-designed shingle style buildings were built on the UC campus such as the Naval Architecture Building (the Ark) in 1906 and the adjacent North Gate Hall in the same year. The southern California based brothers Greene and Greene designed a residence for William R. Thorsen nearby which was built in 1909 with hints of Japonesque influence. Howard again continued the shingle theme in his dignified Women’s Faculty Club in 1923.

Local influences further inspired Maybeck. He was a friend of scientist Charles Augustus Keeler and it was

3 Kostura, p. 50-55.

July 23, 2009 117 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Keeler who sought to promote Maybeck’s philosophical ideals for living. In 1895 Maybeck designed a home for Keeler and his wife in the hills north of the University – his first commission on his own. That same year Keeler formed the Ruskin Club in Berkeley and in 1898 founded a Berkeley handicraft guild.4 Keeler became the president of the Hillside Club from 1903 until 1905 where he used the forum to espouse the Arts and Crafts movement’s ideals. In 1904 Keeler authored The Simple Home, published by Paul Elder and Company, which was a treatise calling for simplicity and honesty in design.5

Site and Development Selection of the site as a common meeting place had an advantage as it was centrally located between the Northside and Southside neighborhoods.6 The immediate area was known to campus users as Coed- Canyon.

The genesis of the Faculty Club building started with one of two cottages intended for the use of women students, built in 1874, located near the club’s site.7 The building’s design was typically Victorian with a one-story rectangular mass with bay windows and a porch. The

4 Freudenheim and Sussman, p. 46.

5 http://verlang.com/sfbay0004ref_bm_01.html#Faculty_Club

6 Cardwell, p. 79. 7 "Student Cottages, "Kepler Cottages." 1874. One-story, eight-room cottages; six located south of eucalyptus grove, two near Faculty Club [sic]; one of the latter burned, other incorporated into Faculty Club as kitchen; cottages near eucalyptus grove razed (1932) to clear portion of site for Edwards Field." Centennial Record of the University of California. Stadtman, Verne (editor), Berkeley: University Printing Department, 1967, p 68.

July 23, 2009 118 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley four-square hipped roof was surmounted with a decorative bandsawn wood cresting. The bargeboard had a similar lacy design recalling fringe. The exterior walls were clad in horizontal tongue-and-groove wood siding. But when the women students did not take to the facilities Professor John LeConte took over one of the buildings. On September 14, 1894 the University Dining Association was incorporated with the intent for the use of “any person”8 although male students and faculty were the users. The building was given to the association by The Regents which was used as a kitchen and dining room. Further funding came from subscription. In 1898 the club decided to focus exclusively on faculty. The organization incorporated as “The Faculty Club of the University of California” on March 27, 1902.9 That same year, on June 9, University Regent Phoebe Hearst (the first woman Regent at UC) was made an honorary member – despite the absence of women in the club’s ranks.

A request came from the club to The Regents in their regular quarterly meeting on December 10, 1901. The request, to build a structure, was referred to the buildings and grounds committee.10 The first structure for exclusive use as the club’s official meeting place was designed pro bono by Bernard Maybeck in 1902, who also acted as general contractor. The portion now known as the Great Hall was a simple rectangular plan of a single room over a crawl space which dedicated on

8 Paltridge, p. 7.

9 “Faculty Club Formed” San Francisco Chronicle, March 28, 1902, p. 7.

10 “University Will Study Peach Moth” San Francisco Chronicle, December 11, 1901, p. 14.

July 23, 2009 119 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

September 16 of that year with the “first lighting of the fire” in the room’s iconic hooded fireplace. The hall cost $2,800.11 (Just as a comparison that’s $66,195 in 2008 currency.)12 The exterior was of natural colored sand stucco, while the low pitched gabled roof was Spanish red clay barrel tiles and the eaves trimmed with natural wood. Large windows and doors punctuated the north- and south-facing walls. Historic photos seem to show hooks on every freestanding column, probably to hang coats on. The north opening had a large scale trellis over a deck raised above the landscape. The south Figure 12 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric View, 1873 opening may have also had a companion trellis but Bird’s eye view looking southeast at the development there is no specific evidence of this. The basic exterior of the Faculty Club. The dark portion shows the original cottage structure while the lighter portions design cue referenced Mission revival while the all- show future additions. natural-wood interior was pure Maybeck – a theatrical synthesis using the integral structural order as a basis for the design combined with Medieval elements. The ceiling’s profile was highly pitched – unlike the exterior – which consequently created attic spaces to the north and south. The German-born cabinet maker Frederick H. Meyer was involved as designer of the furnishings.13 (Meyer later founded the California Guild of Arts and Crafts in 1907, now known as the California College of Arts.)

Figure 13 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric View, 1902 The first portion of the building was not sited according First phase of Great Hall designed and supervised to the University’s Benard Master Plan, adopted by The by Bernard Maybeck is the darkest element in this view. The former cottage served as kitchen. The Regents in 1900, but rather to conform to the mid-gray element shows the original cottage structure while the lighter portions show future topography. additions.

11 The building plus fittings cost $4,400, Cardwell, p. 80.

12 http://futureboy.homeip.net/fsp/dollar.fsp?quantity=2800¤cy=dollars&fromYear=1902

13 Cardwell, p. 81.

July 23, 2009 120 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

During excavation of the site, evidence of occupation by Ohlone Native Americans surfaced. The area had abundant food resources in the form of California oaks whose acorns provided protein, and this area was believed to have been a campsite based on the items excavated. In the cache were ornaments, utensils, other artifacts and skeletons.14

In 1903 Maybeck designed a two-story addition sited to the west which more than doubled the club’s square footage. It officially opened on February 6, 1903 having cost $7,700 and was constructed by Kidder and McCallough.15 As part of this addition there rose a three-story high tower capped with a pediment. Placed in the base of the tower was a deeply recessed archway to shelter the club’s front door. This was a visual buffer between the two-story portion of the addition and the original structure. The second floor’s north elevation featured a continuous overhanging bay Figure 14 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric View, 1903 window all detailed in wood supported by cantilevered West wing designed by Bernard Maybeck beams whose ends held planter boxes. Another notable part of the design was the large half-round windows on the first floor which faced north and south. Their deep recess continued to the ground. A portion of the west elevation and all of the south elevation had a second floor overhang which was redwood shingled, rather than the stucco used elsewhere and below. Inside, the addition had four identical bedrooms upstairs, each with a corner fireplace, all which were connected by a

14 National Register of Historic Places-Nomination form, item 8: the Faculty Club, 1977, p. 14.

15 “Faculty Club Holds Its House Warming” Oakland Tribune, February 7, 1903, p. 3.

July 23, 2009 121 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley common corridor on the north whose bay window could be used as a continuous seating area – rather like a shared living room. The bedroom’s walls were finished in green burlap.16 Three of the bedrooms were paid for by their inhabitants: Lincoln Hutchinson, W. A. Setchell and H. E. Cory.17 (A Captain Waite was noted as one of the donors in lieu of Setchell in a contemporary newspaper article.18) The fourth room was used for University guests, while the tower was rented by Dr. M. Fisher. Downstairs was a writing room, with a fireplace, where the walls were covered with stretched citron- colored burlap held with gilded half-round moldings.19 On the same level there was a library, billiard room and a shower room with lockers. Upon its opening an article in the Berkeley Daily Gazette noted that Maybeck intended the structure to be added onto with wings as time went by and as needs dictated.

In 1904, when the club had 150 members, another extension of two stories was added to the south. This time the work was designed by John Galen Howard, who was now the lead professor of UC’s Department of Architecture. The exterior walls were entirely shingle clad (a material which has been continued onto every addition since). Howard’s design included a billiard room, secretary’s office and a servant’s room on the first floor. (The lounge, today’s Howard Room, contained a door (which no longer exists), centered Figure 15 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric View, 1904

South wing designed by John Galen Howard 16 www.berkeleyfacultyclub.com/newsletter/May03/

17 Paltridge, p. 13.

18 “Faculty Club Holds Its House Warming” Oakland Tribune, February 7, 1903, p. 3.

19 Cardwell, p. 80.

July 23, 2009 122 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley between the two west exterior windows. The layout had pairs of doors in the two five-foot wide openings flanking the fireplace which separated today’s Howard and Chernin Rooms. The second story contained a suite for Professor Henry Morse Stephens (1871-1918) and Professor Jerome Barker Landfield (1871-1954). Landfield’s bedroom is indicated in the original construction drawings and exists as having plaster walls and ceiling – the only bedroom in the whole complex with this finish. Within this suite are two bedrooms and two studies, both with fireplaces. Stephens’s study was constructed with built-in floor-to-ceiling bookshelves on all the walls, while Landfield’s had shelves just on the south next to the fireplace. There was a shared full bathroom. Another “Mans Bed Room,” as it was labeled Figure 16 - Sanborn Fire Insurance Map: Berkeley on the plans, was outside the suite and across the hall 1911, vol.1, 1911, Sheet 74. and exists as room 223 today, albeit quite small. It may have been a man servant to the two professors. Circa 1912 Professor Buck took over the Morse (and possibly Landfield) suite and lived there until a very old age.

The club raised $13,000 in 1906 to absorb the old University Dining Association and the organization was able to mitigate all other financial indebtedness such as the free rent contracts of resident professors. In 1909 there were 269 club members. During the period 1910 through 1918, the garden to the south was developed by Andrew Lawson. During this same period new furnishings were added at a cost of some $30,000.

Figure 17 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric View, 1914

North wing constructed, extension of the Great Hall, Considerable subsequent enlargement of the facility and addition to south wing constructed using existing cottage as second floor. All work designed by Warren occurred in 1914 when Warren Perry, who at the time Perry.

July 23, 2009 123 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley was on the faculty of UC Berkeley’s School of Architecture, designed wings to the north and southeast. The southeast wing’s second floor is said to contain the old cottage which served as the club’s original kitchen, connected via a first floor corridor, until this time. (See Historic Exterior Images, Images 3.1.1 and 3.1.2) Perry’s drawing notes “old cottage raised,” however no graphic is indicated to show where or to exactly what extent. (See Original Drawing Image 4.2.12.) Oral descriptions say that this is the 1874 cottage and now Room 209 although there is no outward evidence of this. The first floor contained a large room (now Heyns Room) that was used as a billiard room in concert with the adjacent (now Howard) room in the 1904 addition. Perry’s design for the southeast wing’s south façade featured a bay window on the second floor which had leaded glass windows with a layout of lead cames which formed a diamond pattern.20 Below was a deep set archway in which there was an entry door whose light consisted of heavy diagonal mullions. (This area was removed when the final southeast wing was added later.) At this time the Great Hall was enlarged to the east by some one-third to its current length. A full height cathedral-like window with glass doors below looked to the east. The two-story north wing was left unfinished upstairs while the first floor contained several rooms including a large room (presumably for dining), kitchen and a space directly to the north of the dining room is a space marked “Woman’s Room” (today’s Bowker Room). Assistant professor of nutrition Agnes Fay Morgan noted that the

20 A comparison of Perry’s only extant drawing for this addition and two photographs of the cottages built in 1874 appear to show that the entire second floor of the east wing is the raised and reused cottage. One shows a bay

July 23, 2009 124 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley club “allowed women faculty only the use of the corner dining room and the so called “powder room.”” The windows to this room were more discreet than any other windows on the first floor.21 Morgan and several other University women consequently founded the Women’s Faculty Club in 1919 to side step this situation. (At some later point in time the west facing small window was replaced with a French door assembly to match the adjoining Kerr Room.) Gutters on the north projected well beyond the roof as did a “6 x 8 derrick beam with hook” off the ridge beam. The cost of this work was funded with $28,000 from bonds, personal notes and The Regents.

By 1915 the club had 575 members and in that same year the club’s directors passed a resolution to allow women without a male escort. This may have been due to World War I raging in Europe which drew many men away from their professions and into the battlefield. Further, this was also during the Women’s Suffrage period which ended with the 19th Amendment allowing women the vote. In 1917 four paintings, anchoring each corner of the Kerr Dining Room, were created by artist Perham Nahl, each portraying the subject of food preparation but each set in a different era of time.

Figure 18 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric Several years passed without any building activity, but View, 1925 in 1923 Perry again designed a one-story extension Second floor of north wing finished and O’Neill and Director’s Rooms added. Warren Perry is architect further to the north which contains today’s Elberg for all work window in a slightly out thrust gable. The cottage is shown a four-square hipped roof and has an extension to the south. This elevation is virtually identical to the south elevation, second floor designed by Perry.

21 Nerad, p 80.

July 23, 2009 125 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Room, also known as the Director’s Room, the O’Neill Room and enlargement of the kitchen. At the same time the previously unfinished spaces in the second floor of the 1914 north wing were finished out with eight bedrooms. Construction took place in 1925 and the cost was cited to not exceed $14,000.22 Winfield Wellington Scott (1897-1979), who taught at UC’s Department of Decorative Art (now the Department of Design, College of Environmental Design), was involved with the design of these alterations.

In 1927 the “dusty” circular drive which existed at the courtyard to serve the original front door was removed in favor of a flagstone path leading to the glade.

Figure 19 - Sanborn Fire Insurance Map: Berkeley 1929, vol.1, 1929, Sheet 92. Artist Ray Boynton painted the fresco mural on the south wall of the O’Neill Room in 1929.

Two garages were built on the area southeast of the building in 1932 which had 20 spaces. Constructed at a cost of $5,000 these were for exclusive use of the club’s membership.

Decades went by before any further changes were made to the building. But in 1959 another massive expansion and rebuilding program was completed. Figure 20 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric Architects George A. Downs and Henry J. Lagorio View, 1932 designed a wing to the east expanding the cooking and Two garages added to the south east.

22 Paltridge, p 25.

July 23, 2009 126 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley serving facilities. The cost was some $600,00023 with The Regents providing one-half of the amount.

The design of the last wing by Downs and Lagorio reflects the concepts of the Second Bay Area Tradition, a transition period that followed the decline of the Arts & Crafts Movement in the 1930s. 24 This even though by Figure 21 - Sanborn Fire Insurance Map: Berkeley 1959 the post-war Third Bay Area Tradition was in full 1911-July 1950, vol.1, 1929-May1950, Sheet 92. swing which was an even more spare incarnation. In this two-story design the architects nestled the wing into the hillside belying its actual size. The form is complementary to the earlier buildings but details have been pared down. Rather than multiple light French doors, they are a single light. The windows continue as paired casements but again are single light rather than multiple light. On the interior wood wainscoting is used but the fabric above has given way to painted gypsum board. The interior floors of the more public first floor are Spartan and utilitarian with the use of quarry tile rather than wood. With a shift from centralized shared toilet facilities to individual bathrooms in each guest room, the typical closet with window now became a Figure 22 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric View, 1958 bath. Downs and Lagorio were responsible for the Servery and Kitchen enlargement, addition of the East Wing, enlarged decks, administrative wing and new basement. Additionally, the architects designed a small one-story wing to the south of the west wing which contains today’s manager’s office, women’s toilet and stair to the basement. The balance of the first floor of that wing was reconfigured to be a card room and the large men’s

23 Paltridge, p 35.

24 http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Orchard/8642/

July 23, 2009 127 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley toilet room. A new wood deck was built leading to the south entrance.

The crawlspace under the west wing’s western end was excavated to create a new basement. Footings, a concrete floor slab and foundation, replacing the former support system, supported new steel which was inserted to support new replacement concrete and steel pan floor slabs for both the first and second floors. Windows were added to the north and south faces of the basement at the same time. The basement space added to the club’s square footage virtually without changing the look of the building. The interior partitions and fireplaces of the west wing’s second floor were demolished in favor of one large room with fireplace for use as a library. In this room new French doors were inserted in lieu of the former windows looking to the south, leading to a new roof deck. This remodel also included a complete transformation of the wing’s stair accessing the second level.

The work also included new bathrooms which were introduced into rooms 220 and 221. In the north wing’s second floor, a communal bathroom was installed in the former bedroom between rooms 212 and 213. A private bathroom was also installed in room 212 as well. Windows on the south façade of the south wing were altered for the bathroom in the California Suite, also known as the Buck Suite.

July 23, 2009 128 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

New lighting was installed throughout the club at this time. It appears that any original light fixtures were probably removed during this renovation. Stylistically some of the new fixtures were a contemporary glowing ball-shape, and others a flying saucer shape emulating that the new space age had arrived – even in this venerable facility. The fixtures’ finishes were oil rubbed bronze or matching metallic paint. Surface mounted fluorescent fixtures were also introduced at this time in the bar area, although mixed with recessed incandescent downlights which remain to this day.

The Elberg Room was altered by removal of partitions to the north, and a new plaster ceiling installed. Sandy Elberg and various other club friends raised $40,000 for the renovation of this room.

The entire first floor of the southeast wing was reworked, creating a clearer circulation path, including the stair, resulting in today’s layout. This led into the new east wing and patio sited to its west. The first floor was dining rooms and toilets while the second floor was six bedrooms, each with a private bathroom, the first in the facility where shared bathrooms were the norm. French doors were added from the Heyns Room leading to the adjacent south patio.

The kitchen was dramatically enlarged with an addition to the east which cantilevers quite near the adjacent creek. The men’s locker room in the basement was reworked at this time. The kitchen received all new

July 23, 2009 129 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley finishes in the form of quarry tile floor, ceramic tile walls up to picture rail height and a perforated metal acoustic tile ceiling. The first phase of the serving area was added east of the Great Hall at this same time by the removal of French doors which sat in a wide opening and looked directly to the landscape to the east. To replace the lost natural light on that elevation, a great skylight was installed which illuminated the intersection of this new space and the east end of the Great Hall.

The tennis court sited to the southeast of the club, and directly west of the garages, was “abandoned by (the) club” at this time.25 An undated study, created sometime after the Women’s Faculty Club was built in 1923, looked at adding more courts than the initial one but the plan does not seem to have been carried out.

In 1968 a new curving redwood stair was built into the landscape south of Senior Hall and leading to the club’s east entrance.

Women were allowed full use of the facility when the club’s Articles of Incorporation were amended in 1972. In the early 1970s a move was made to combine the Men’s and Women’s Faculty Clubs operations. On June 18, 1971 the architectural firm of Marquis and Stoller was appointed by The Regents as architects for the

25 George Downs and Henry Lagorio Architects, Additions and Alterations to the Faculty Club, drawing A1, March 13, 1958.

July 23, 2009 130 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley planned new addition and renovation of the club.26 Robert Marquis (1927-1995) and Claude Stoller (b. 1921) were the firm’s owners. The donor, the Haas family (heirs to Levi Strauss), authorized the expenditure of $602,000 later that year.27

Part of the physical scheme devised for the merger was to remove the Senior Men’s Hall, located between the two clubs, and construct additional dining space in the form of a trellis-like pavilion in its place. Initially the plan was to demolish the log building altogether. This was then followed by a suggestion to dismantle and store the logs. Yet another plan called for milling the disassembled logs into dimensional lumber and reusing it in the new construction.28 Each suggestion came about as more people got wind of the building’s potential demise. A seismic report dated August 23, 1972 indicated that “Senior Men’s Hall does not have adequate resistance to forces caused by large earthquakes.”29 This appears to have been a move to condemn the cabin – which remains to this day, albeit neglected and in poor condition. These plans were ultimately abandoned by the summer of 1973 after an outcry to save the oversized log structure took hold. The demolition permit had already been issued and K. T. K. Wrecking Company of Concord, a sub-contractor to general contractor Erbentraut and Summers of San

26 Memo titled Addition and Alterations, Faculty Club, by L. (Louis) A. DeMonte, Berkeley Office of Architects and Engineers, April 3, 1973.

27 It is unclear if the donor monies were used in both the Men’s and Women’s Clubs renovation work or not.

28 Memo titled Addition and Alterations, Faculty Club, by L. (Louis) A. DeMonte, Berkeley Office of Architects and Engineers, April 3, 1973.

29 Ibid.

July 23, 2009 131 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Francisco, was already on site for two days30 waiting to start work when the project was halted. This after “working drawings, bidding and awards of contract had been completed.”31 The notion of combining the two clubs also was abandoned at this time. (Concurrent work was also being carried out in the nearby Women’s Club by architects Kolbeck and Christopherson.32)

By the end of 1972 work on Phase I was complete. New two-level wood decks totaling 1,650 square feet were constructed outside the Great Hall and Kerr Room. Exterior lighting was also installed at this time, in the form of mushroom-shaped fixtures (which have since been replaced in 2008 with Arts and Crafts style fixtures), and the trellises were brought back to original condition by rebuilding or repairing their fabric. New French doors were installed and new furniture provided as well. The contractor was N. H. Sjoberg and Son of Lafayette and the cost for this work was $10,090.33

Mayta and Jensen was the general contractor which carried out the larger next phase of work whose planning started in 1971. This work was performed during the next few years. They were awarded the contract on September 20, 1974.34 Their bid, dated May 17, 1973 totaled $307,996.

30 Invoice from K. T. K. Wrecking Company to Ebentraut and Summers, stamped October 17, 1973.

31 Memo from Forrest E. Tregea to Glen Grant, September 3, 1974.

32 Ibid.

33 Invoice from N. H. Sjoberg and Son to Marquis and Stoller, dated November 1, 1972.

34 Memo, author unknown, Status of Faculty Clubs Project, October 29, 1974.

July 23, 2009 132 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

By the end of 1974 planned alterations designed by Marquis and Stoller included conversion of the card room to bar, the Howard Room to a lounge, expansion of the serving area, relighting the Great Hall and refurnishing and redecorating the north and south dining rooms. At this time the Art Deco style wall fresco by Boynton in the O’Neill Room was almost concealed. Plans were conceived to cover the mural with stretched vinyl wallcovering panels. Once word leaked of this various University factions moved to keep the mural visible and intact. Professor Karl Kasten was one who wrote a passionate letter about this subject stating how important Boynton was, and the importance of its fresco medium which was an integral part of the wall.35

In 1975 work on the Buck Suite was underway. New closets were built, a kitchenette added, the bathroom refurbished and new lighting installed. Also new furnishings, painting and refinishing and new window coverings were installed. The raised brick hearths were installed at this time over the existing concrete ones. During this period today’s Room 11 and the storage room to its east were proposed to be combined, creating another VIP suite to be known as the Sampert Suite, but that concept was scrapped.

The phased work continued and in 1975 several areas were renovated. At the south entrance a new brick walkway was installed in lieu of the wooden deck which

35 Letter from Karl Kasten, Professor of Art to Professor Joseph W. Garbarino, November 12, 1973.

July 23, 2009 133 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley preceded it. New entry doors were installed at that entrance and the adjacent doors from the Howard Room to the walkway removed and the resultant opening patched in kind. The Howard Room interior was altered by the addition of up/down fluorescent perimeter lighting and the wood paneling refinished. Folding doors were installed between the Howard and Chernin Rooms. The two openings between the Howard and Heyns Rooms were blocked up. New furnishings, carpet and window treatment were added to these areas at this time. Also the servery was again enlarged, Figure 23 - Sequence of Construction Axonometric adding some 800 square feet. View, 1975

Servery extended to design by Marquis and Stoller

Another major renovation took place in 1978 when Bennett Christopherson was the architect, in concert with structural engineer consultant Jack Kositsky, to design seismic alterations in reaction to corrections required by the California Administrative Code Deficiencies Act. Tage Hansen was the project’s electrical engineer.

Most of the building’s roofs were removed and new sheathing installed, followed by reinstallation of existing roof tiles, or replacements, as necessary. In the west wing, the men’s toilet was reworked to eliminate some fixtures and create better privacy sightlines. The toilet rooms in the east wing were reworked with some new toilet partitions and counters. Fire detection and various fire doors were added to separate the sprawling wood complex into discrete fire zones. The kitchen’s former dishwashing area was opened to the serving area

July 23, 2009 134 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley creating an alcove. The kitchen was re-planned and a new dishwashing unit located in the north end of the room. Over the kitchen a low penthouse was added in combination with lowering the kitchen’s ceiling to insert an interstitial space for HVAC equipment.

New footings and a foundation were created for the Great Hall. As part of the seismic upgrade, plywood was added to the back of the Great Hall ceiling and various tie down connections were made between existing and new bracing members which were mostly invisible to the casual eye except for bolt heads and washers. To facilitate accessing the underlying crawl space during construction, the floors of the hall and adjacent corridor to the south were removed and subsequently replaced. All-new wiring was installed in the hall at the time. The fireplace was completely dismantled to the ground, new footings built and the whole masonry chimney rebuilt using the salvaged firebox facing tiles. The plaster hood on the chimney breast is a replacement. The chimney expressed at the roof imitates the form of the original brick construction, but is now stucco over wood framing which encloses metal flues. (A similar plan was proposed for the south wing chimney and its four fireplaces at this time, but was abandoned in lieu of a reinforcement strategy for the existing assembly.) New indirect fluorescent lighting was installed in the Great Hall in the side aisles which washed the dark wood walls. A continuous wood fascia board extension was added to the underside of horizontal members to conceal the lamps.

July 23, 2009 135 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Egress from the second floor north wing corridor was created at this time in the form of a walkway across the roof of today’s Elberg Room and a stair to the ground level. A similar scope provided egress from the Tower Room to the second floor on the exterior via a metal ship’s ladder. The wood deck was installed outside the Tower Room. Drawings from this period show that two skylights were abandoned in the north wing roof which once provided natural lighting via lay lights to the second floor central corridor.

The garages were removed in 1978 to make way for an addition to the adjacent Minor Hall.

The Bowker Room was previously known as the Stringham Room and its name was changed when alterations were designed by architect Myra M. Brocchini in 1979. Redecoration of this space came about when Chancellor Bowker requested a special room for the use of VIPs. Not only was the room completely renovated by removal of all its character defining finishes but the adjacent exterior deck was extended with a new stair to the lawn. A new partition, to provide acoustic separation, covered the four doors which opened to the south into the Kerr Dining Room. A floating gypsum board ceiling detail with fluorescent indirect lighting was installed. Richard Caltoa Construction Company was the general contractor and the cost was $33,878 all inclusive of construction and furnishings. (Prior to this alteration the room had the typical board and batten paneling and entry door as

July 23, 2009 136 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley recorded in an existing conditions drawing by Michael Goodman dated 1978.)

In April of 1990, UC Berkeley Professor of Architecture Sam Davis published a facility study and master plan of proposed alterations to the entire club, most of which were not carried out.36 The report included a summary of existing conditions, assessment of needs, design strategy and associated costs for proposed additions or alterations. The recommended work consisted of improvement of existing spaces, clarification of circulation, addition of guest rooms and addition of conference rooms. These new guest rooms were proposed as a third level to the 1959 addition and a new one-story addition to the south containing two conference rooms. The estimated budget was projected to be a maximum of $3,088,000.37

Based on specifics in the report Davis penned it would appear that all the guest room bathrooms, and portions of the common toilet rooms, were probably redone after this report was published. (The same wall and floor tile appear in all the guest bathrooms and appear to be of more recent date.) Also possibly the ambient lighting in the larger west basement room was added and most of the administrative staff moved into that space which had been a billiard room. Davis’s report suggested both recommendations.

36 Personal communication between Sam Davis and Christopher Pollock, January 23, 2008; and Facility Study, The Faculty Club, University of California, April 1990 (Sam Davis).

July 23, 2009 137 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Davis was again called on, this time to design alterations to the west wing’s second floor library into today’s incarnation as the Seaborg Room, in 1992. Photographs in the UC Environmental Design Archives, Sam Davis Collection, Faculty Club file appear to show before and after images of the room, although they are not labeled.

Recent work done on the facility includes a major upgrade of the kitchen venting as designed by JYA Consulting Engineers, with drawings dated 2001. Circa 2002 the chandeliers in the Great Hall were installed replacing the 1960s lighting.

UC Capital Projects commissioned a study of the building’s wood decay by engineering consultant Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates (WJE) which was delivered as a final report on February 3, 2006. The study included observations, conclusions and recommendations. Numerous areas of decay were cited. The downspout in the northwest corner, cited on page 21, appears to have been replaced in the meantime.

As a follow-up Brian Kehoe of WJE was asked to focus on the iconic wood trellis located on the north facade of the Great Hall. A two-page letter, dated February 1, 2006, detailed his recommendations. The exterior trellis

37 Facility Study, The Faculty Club, University of California, April 1990 (Sam Davis), p. 35.

July 23, 2009 138 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley was rebuilt using mostly existing fabric, some which was injected with epoxy to consolidate the wood, and new redwood materials in late 2007. The Maybeck trellis design originally extended horizontal doubled up members from the exterior into the interior terminating in the carved heads. Due to rot being have proceeded from the exterior to the interior members the current version of the trellis structure stops at the exterior stucco wall face but otherwise appears the same. The contractor was Canyon Construction with Frederic Knapp as architect. No other work is known to have been done to date based on the WJE report recommendations.

In 2008 the mushroom shaped exterior patio deck lighting was replaced with Arts and Crafts style copper and glass fixtures.

Context Structures The UC campus, and adjacent environs, have a wealth of shingle style buildings which include: Anna Head School, Fisher (1894) First Unitarian Church, Schweinfurth (1898) Cloyne Court Hotel, Howard (1904) Naval Architecture, Howard (1906) North Gate Hall, Howard (1906) Thorsen House, Greene and Greene (1908) Women’s Faculty Club, Howard (1923) The Mission style is less-well represented in the immediate area: Santa Fe Depot (1904)

July 23, 2009 139

H. CONSTRUCTION CHRONOLOGY

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

H. CONSTRUCTION CHRONOLOGY

1873 Two cottages, intended for women, are built near present site of the Faculty Club. John LeConte ended up occupying one of the cottages. (See Figure 24)

Figure 24 - “LeConte Residence, circa 1900.” Image courtesy of the Bancroft Library.

1894 University Dining Association incorporates on September 14 for use by “any person,” however men are the primary users.

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1902 Bernard Maybeck volunteers as architect for a single- room building and also acts as the contractor. First official meeting in, and dedication of the Great Hall in September. The hall cost $2,800.

1903 Maybeck’s design for two-story west wing addition with four bedrooms upstairs and tower room starts construction with contract signing in June.

Figure 25 -– Looking west in the Great Hall. Image courtesy of Environmental Design Library, UC Berkeley.

Figure 26 - Looking southwest, circa 1904 during construction of the west wing. Image courtesy of Environmental Design Library, UC Berkeley.

1904 John Galen Howard designs a two-story addition to the south with billiard room, secretary’s office and a servant’s room on the first floor and bedrooms and studies on the second.

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Figure 27 – Looking northeast at south wing to right with original entry. Image courtesy of UC Berkeley Environmental Design Archive

1910-1918 New furnishings added and garden developed by Andrew Lawson.

1914 Warren Perry is architect for the north wing, southeast additions. The Great Hall was also extended to the east. The original 1873 cottage is incorporated into the second floor of the southeast addition.

1917 Four paintings by artist Perham Nahl installed in corners of Kerr Dining Room.

1925 Warren Perry, with Winfield Scott Wellington, designs the north wing. The kitchen enlarged, the bedrooms over today’s Kerr Room completed, the Director’s, and O’Neill Rooms added to the north.

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1929 Artist Ray Boynton paints fresco on south wall of O’Neill Room.

1932 Two garages built near southeast corner of building for use by club membership.

1958-1959 George A. Downs and Henry J. Lagorio design extensive additions and alterations. The kitchen in the east wing is enlarged and the south addition with guest rooms above and dining rooms below are added. Circulation within the existing structure and leading to the new wing, on the first floor, is reworked. The first phase of the serving area, with skylight added east of the Great Hall. The west wing’s basement is added as was the administrative office and reception. The second floor of the west wing is remodeled by demolishing a stair, four residential rooms and a gallery are created in favor of a library with new fireplace. Private bathrooms were introduced to several, but not all, existing guest rooms. New contemporary-style lighting is installed throughout. The Director’s Room is reworked.

1971-1975 Marquis and Stoller hired to design a new dining pavilion on the site of the Senior Men’s Hall which is drawn and priced, but ultimately abandoned. Women are now granted full use of the club; and there is discussion to combine with the adjacent Women’s Club, but the move falls apart. New wood floor decks installed outside the Great Hall and Kerr Rooms. The card room

July 23, 2009 144 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley is converted to today’s bar, and the serving area expanded. The Buck Suite is created; and the Howard Room completely renovated. A variety of decorating and refurnishing is carried out in a phased manner.

1978 Architect Bennett Christopherson and structural engineer Jack Kositsky design seismic alterations. Major work was done on all the roof substrates and facings, and the Great Hall ceiling reinforced. New footings and a foundation are created for the Great Hall and the wood floor replaced. The room’s wiring is replaced and ambient lighting added to side aisles. The room’s fireplace completely rebuilt from the foundation upward. The Howard wing’s chimney is reinforced.

1979 Myra M. Brocchini is architect for alterations to the Bowker Room and adjacent exterior deck with new stairway.

1978 Garages demolished to make way for adjacent Minor Hall addition.

1990 Sam Davis publishes a report which includes a master plan.

1992 Sam Davis designs conversion of the second floor library in west wing into the Seaborg Room.

July 23, 2009 145 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

2001 Major venting modifications made to the kitchen and its penthouse mechanical systems by JYA Consulting Engineers. The former Directors Room is renamed in honor of Sandy Elberg.

2006 Study of building’s wood decay performed by structural engineering consultant (WJE) Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates.

2007 Figure 28 - View showing trellis removed in Trellis outside of Great Hall’s north elevation rebuilt. preparation for rebuilding in 2007.

July 23, 2009 146

I. DESCRIPTION

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

I. DESCRIPTION

▲ NORTH

Site Description The building is sited east of Faculty Glade on the south side of the meandering south fork of Strawberry Creek. The site’s topography slopes downward, from the south to north, curving around the building’s southwest and flattens near the creek. Various trees, including stands of mature redwood trees, and shrubs surround the

July 23, 2009 148 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley immediate vicinity of the building; while rhododendrons are prominent in the garden located near the south entry. Asphalt walkways surround much of the building but they are brick on the south side of the building. A pedestrian bridge crosses the creek near the northeast corner of the building. A service road coming from the south feeds the kitchen loading dock along the east side of the building.

In the immediate vicinity are other campus buildings which display a wide variety of styles and finishes. To the north and across the creek are clustered the modernist Hildebrand Hall (1966, Ashen and Allen), modernist Giauque Hall (1954, Reynolds and Chamberlain) and the classical Gilman Hall (1917, Howard). Senior Hall (1905, Howard), a large log cabin, sits immediately to the east and just to its northeast is the wood shingled Women’s Faculty Club (1923, Howard). Up the slope and to the east is the neoclassical Minor Hall (1941, Brown) with its 1978 addition which visually grazes the Faculty Club. To the south are the Department of Music’s Hertz Hall and its companion Morrison Hall which were both designed by Figure 29 – Aerial view looking southeast from Gardner Dailey in a combination of Modernist and Sather Tower with the Faculty Club in lower right. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. elements of California Mission style which were constructed in 1958. The Collegiate Gothic style Stephens Hall (1923, Howard) is to the site’s west and beyond Faculty Glade. Northwest of the site are the classically styled LeConte Hall (1923, Howard with 1950 and 1964 additions) and Birge Hall (1964, Warnecke & Warnecke). Most of these structures can hardly be seen from the Faculty Club due to the mature and dense landscape.

July 23, 2009 149 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Faculty Glade, an open lawn surrounded by trees, is just west of the building and is bounded by the creek on the north. The site’s bowl shape is said “to be the most historic and picturesque open space on campus.”1 This was once a camping ground for the Ohlone Native Americans. Here grow coast live oak and coast redwood trees. There is a California buckeye tree (Figure 30) north of the club which is a City of Berkeley Landmark. A boulder placed in the glade commemorates the site where an oak once stood which was intended as a living memorial to history professor Henry Morse Stephens who lived at the Faculty Club. A sculpture, The Last Dryad, resides on the forested edge of the glade known as the Goodspeed Natural Area which bounds the glade’s north and west edges. Figure 30 – Historic California buckeye tree in Asphalt walkways meander the site. Faculty Glade, looking north. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Exterior Building Description The building’s overall basic plan form is a T-shape. But in detail it is a very complex, organic series of mostly orthogonal boxes. Most of the volumes are two stories over a crawl space except the west wing which has a partial basement in its west end. Also the kitchen wing to the east is primarily one story with a stepped penthouse for ventilation equipment and has two separate partial basement areas. The second story in each of the wings have guest rooms; the wings are separate entities and do not interconnect. There is one third story guest room known as the Tower. The central mass, and earliest portion, is the Great Hall. This is

1Helfand, p. 230.

July 23, 2009 150 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley surrounded by, going clockwise, the North Wing, Addition to the South Wing, East Wing, South Wing and West Wing.

The first floor is comprised of a variety of meeting rooms, kitchen, administrative functions and toilet rooms. The second floor, in three separate clusters, is all guest rooms. The partial basement areas have administration and locker facilities.

The main circulation on the first floor starts in the west wing which has both south and north entries. Both access the reception desk. Moving east is a major circulation corridor which turns south and culminates at the east wing which has another double entry, one from the east and another to the west. There are three separate guest room clusters on the second floor. A stairway is located near the reception desk which goes to the second floor where there is an east to west corridor which accesses guest rooms. Another stair is located near the east wing’s entries which also goes to the second floor. On the second floor there is an L-plan corridor going east to west and north to south, each terminating at the stair. A third stair to the second floor occurs in the intervening space between the Kerr Room and Great Hall. The second floor corridor goes north to south.

The main entry is reached from the south via an exterior brick walkway down the slope. (See Figure 31) A

July 23, 2009 151 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley signature patinated copper lantern with amber

Figure 31 – View of entry on south. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. glass hangs from a bracket of wrought iron scrollwork on the southwest outside corner of the wood shingled south wing. After going down a broad common bond laid brick paved path there is a short flight of wide wood stairs where a guest arrives on a brick paved landing. Here there are two French doors with six lights flanked to the east by fixed version of the same design, all covered by a projecting porch roof. Figure 32 – View of south wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

The south wing is a rectangular form of two stories with a low pitched roof with its ridge running north to south. There is a rise of landscape to the south. The elevations are each a grid of wood casement windows which are 12 lights in pairs. Wood knee brace corbels support and extend beyond the roof eaves. There is exposed plumbing on the wing’s south and east elevations. (See Figure 32)

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Continuing eastward is a one-story rectangular form with a flat roof and parapet on the south with is known as the addition to the south wing. Within the rise of land to the south is a brick paved terrace laid in running bond with a low retaining wall of the same material in a Flemish bond pattern which is capped with a running bond of stretcher laid bricks. Pairs of five-light wood French doors are surmounted with eight-light transoms punctuate the south elevation. These doors access the Heyns Room. These are interspersed with the same aforementioned casement windows. A metal ladder spans vertically from the ground level to the top of the parapet. An exposed sprinkler line runs the length high on the wall above these openings. (See Figure 33)

To the east is the continuation of the addition to the south wing and the east wing. The form is two-stories in height in an L-form plan. The low-pitched tile roof has deeply projecting eaves. The roof form on the north section is four square hipped while the south portion is a gable which runs north to south and terminates at the Figure 33 – South wing to right and addition to south wing to left. Photo by Knapp Architects, hipped roof. The top of the roof is flat and has a 2008. skylight. The ridge beam at the south end gable extends well beyond the roof, as do the purlins. The bargeboard then extends in the same manner to the east and west. At ground level the brick terrace continues along the west face of this building but with a wood trellis above and progressively upward stepping brick retaining walls which hold back the advancing height of the rising hill. With the advancing higher slope of the site to the south, the south elevation of this wing is expressed on the south as only one story on the second floor. On the east Figure 34 – Looking east to east wing and secondary entry. Photo by Knapp Architects, side of the wing, and immediately facing Senior Hall, 2008.

July 23, 2009 153 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley there is a driveway comes down the slope from the east, turns and runs parallel to this addition. See Figure 36) Pairs of single light French doors, with matching transoms, punctuate most of this first floor’s façade on the west. These doors access the Louderback, Popper and Latimer Rooms. A door of the same design, with sidelight, is deeply recessed into the building entrance at the northern end of this elevation. Windows on the Figure 35 – South end of east wing. Photo by second story are pairs of single-light casement type. Knapp Architects, 2008. (See Figure 34) On the south elevation is a secondary entrance which has a porch supported by square wood columns topped with a low sloping roof clad in Spanish tile. (See Figure 35) Flanking the door are vertical ventilation louvers. A single light French door with obscured glass allows entrance to the building. A driveway is adjacent to this area. A wood balustrade, partly in deteriorated condition, continues off the southeast corner of the building. The east façade has a deeply recessed entrance at the ground level which has Figure 36 – East façade of east wing to left and addition to south wing to right. Photo by Knapp returned to a lower level once down the slope to the Architects, 2008. north. Clerestory windows on the first floor, looking into the Lewis and Heyman dining rooms are pairs of single- light windows, while those on the second floor are taller pairs of the same style. (See Figure 36)

Fenestration on this façade is in a variety of casement windows from two to four lights. Turning the corner, and to the west, is a one story extension and beyond a two- story addition to this portion. This is a closet off the Davis room whose north sloping tile roof terminates in a wood gutter which extends beyond the roof and to the east.

July 23, 2009 154 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

To the north is a one-story addition with a flat roof which also has a low HVAC penthouse set back from the façade. The south end of this wing, which faces east, is rectangular while the north end is angled in plan to the northwest. The site is slightly sloped upward to the south. A driveway coming from the south terminates at a loading dock which is surrounded by a wood fence. Strawberry Creek flows next to the foundation which conforms to the direction of the creek. Before turning the corner to the west there is a bridge which spans the creek. At the north end of the wing is a switchback stair which allows egress from the north wing’s second floor. The east facing elevation of the rectangular portion is a series of full height single pane windows which look into the serving area. The angled portion, the kitchen, is shingled and has no windows. This elevation is Figure 37 – East side of north wing with south fork of Strawberry Creek below. Photo by Knapp cantilevered with the concrete foundation exposed. Architects, 2008. Turning the corner to the west the building remains one- story but set back.

Another wing angles again to the north as one-story over partial basement. Its roof ridge line runs north to south. A walkway surrounds this wing and the creek is nearby to the north.

The walls on this wing are stuccoed. Besides three-light paired casement windows on the first level, there is an arched opening to the ground level which is infilled with a grid. (See Figure 38) Turning to the north facade are the same casement windows which look into the Elberg Room. Moving northward on that facade are paired four-light French doors and matching sidelights where there is an opening which has a very simple wrought Figure 38 – North side of north wing. Photo by iron railing with scrolled ends. The projecting sill of this Knapp Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 155 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley opening is flared upward and outward in stucco; while the lintel above is a carved wood member. This is the O’Neill Room which has a triple set of the same windows but no lintel above on the west facing elevation. There is a half-round grid-filled opening at ground level on this façade which matches that on the opposite side. Around the corner to the east is a very deep, segmented arch opening which contains a door into the O’Neill Room.

The north wing has a symmetrical low sloping roof with deep eaves and its ridgeline running north to south. The cantilever is supported by knee braces which are notched into a spanning purlin member which, in turn, is notched into the rafters. The west face has a continuous two-tiered wood plank deck fronting the O’Neill, Bowker and Kerr and function rooms. (See Figure 39) Two separate short stairways alight to the lawn below. The Figure 39 – Looking east to the north wing. Photo outboard edges of the deck enclosure are finished in by Knapp Architects, 2008 stucco and topped with a broad wood cap and mushroom shaped metal light fixtures. Wood shingles cover this wing’s second floor elevation while stucco continues from the adjacent wing on the lower wall facade. There is a shallow wood trellis, where the stucco and shingles meet, which is cantilevered off the entire length of the façade with paired bandsawn brackets in the form of creature’s heads. (See Figure 40) Exposed sprinkler pipes and their heads parallel the trellis. This façade has a cadence of paired four light French doors, leading from the Bowker and Kerr dining rooms to the deck, which have matching sidelights and transoms. The windows above, looking into the guest Figure 40 – View at creature head design trellis rooms, are pairs of three-light casement sash, two pairs the north wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008

July 23, 2009 156 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley per room. In between these groupings are singular casement windows which illuminate and ventilate the bedroom’s closets. Extended eaves of the low slung roof of this wing start at a north to south symmetrical ridgeline.

On the north facing elevation of the west wing is a raised one-story stucco coated form punctuated with a large opening in which there are multi-light French doors with colored and leaded glass transoms depicting various heraldic shield designs. This opening, which leads to the Great Hall, is surmounted with a large scaled and deeply projecting trellis. (See Figure 41) The low sloping roofline, whose ridge runs east to west, has a deep frieze of flat wood trim at the eaves. Here there is a build-up of exposed rafters and purlins. As a continuation of the one-story form, and to the west, is a tower surmounted by a wood trimmed pediment whose ridge runs north to south. The eave treatment is the same as previously described. Just under the pediment are a pair of square windows set next to each other. Centered under this pair is another, but much smaller Figure 41 – Looking south at west wing. Photo by Steve Finacom, 2007. singular square window. A secondary main entrance is centered below these windows. It is deeply set and is an arch form. A signature patinated copper lantern hangs above the arch from a decorative scrolled wrought iron bracket. Nearby, on the lawn, is a tapered, turned wood post terminating in a cone finial which has a similar lantern hanging on it. Proceeding westward on this façade there is a low angled roof whose asymmetric ridge runs east to west and just a bit lower than its companion to the east. Tight to the underside of the Figure 42 – Looking south at west wing. Photo by roof’s edge is a continuous projecting bay with a series Knapp Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 157 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley of operable cantilevered windows, all which are supported with large, shaped projecting wood joists below. This window looks into the Seaborg Room. Below the bay are casement windows with pairs of three light windows. Symmetrically set below these are smaller rectangular hopper windows which look to the basement. Another feature in this façade is a deeply set arched opening with a window which is divided into three sections and the center is composed of a pair of casement windows. This window assembly looks into the bar. Below this window is a solid spandrel whose top edge indicated the interior’s first floor level. Below the spandrel are hopper clerestory windows. The west

Figure 43 – North side of west wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 158 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley façade of this wing has an asymmetric gable where there hangs a shingled projecting bay to the north versus the stucco below. In the stucco wall paired casement windows look into the bar. Turning to the south façade, the stucco below and shingle facings above continue as a bay and are punctuated by paired small casement windows. The south elevation of this wing echoes its opposite side with the deep set arched opening with windows. But just to the arch’s east another shingled one-story addition occurs. An open metal stair leads to a deck which serves the second floor Seaborg Room. (See Figure 44) The balustrade of this deck is a cadence of wide and narrow vertical slats of wood. The south facing pediment of the tower room can be viewed from the deck and which matches the tower’s opposite side. (See Figure 45) However, in this case, the wood spandrel beam in the pediment has flat steel reinforcement straps applied to the surface. The Figure 44 – South side of west wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. south facing elevation of the addition under the deck has a pair of fixed, eight light windows topped by a transom of two lights. This window looks to the stair rising from the basement to the bar. To the east of this is a pair of hopper clerestory lights to the women’s toilet off the bar and proceeding east are a series of four light casement windows which look into the administration office and reception desk area.

An exterior courtyard occurs in the center of the structure and is bounded by the Chernin, Heyns, main corridor and Davis Rooms. Known as the Bolt Courtyard, it is contained by one story on the north, east and south facades while it is two on the west. Three pairs of six light French doors lead to a full width wood Figure 45 – South side of Tower room. Photo by staircase which cascades down from the Chernin Knapp Architects, 2008.

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Room, which is to the west. These doors are topped by transoms with eight lights each. Over these are several exposed cast iron waste plumbing pipes. Sprinkler pipes line the south and north walls high off the ground. Casement windows occur on the east and north elevations in the form of pairs of four lights. The south elevation has six light casement windows and above the roof line is a simple painted metal railing. The ground plane is concrete and terminates in a curb held back from the structure acting to contain a planting bed. (See Figure 46)

The building’s exterior displays a variety of differing elevations and finishes. All door and window sashes are Figure 46 – Bolt Courtyard looking east. Photo by painted wood throughout; additionally they are without Knapp Architects, 2008. trim. All sloping roofs are Spanish roof tile, some is the true barrel type while other areas are the barrel with tongue extension type. Flat roofs are built-up asphalt. All fireplace chimneys are stucco finish; while HVAC equipment is a galvanized finish.

Interior Building Description The interior finishes throughout the club are rough sawn redwood board and batten paneling on the walls, as well as many ceilings. Any mention of paneling in this report shall mean board and batten with a base below and top cap. All windows are natural wood sash. All guest rooms have wall to wall carpet; and those that have bathrooms are tiled up to about five feet height on all the room’s walls and have a matching tile floor with fully tiled shower. The tile throughout these rooms is an unglazed mosaic 2 square type and gray in color with white grout. All luminaires throughout are more recent,

July 23, 2009 160 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley and usually in the Arts and Crafts style. Heating is via freestanding cast iron radiators, some which are recessed. All the wood doors in the 1959 addition are flush while most others are five panel rail and stile. Since these finishes and elements are typical, only exceptions will be noted in the following descriptions.

First Floor Plan

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Upon entering the south entry door (See Figure 47) and straight ahead is the original entrance from the glade which is located on the opposite side of the building and a few steps down. To the west is the reception desk with an inner and outer office space further to its west and in the opposite direction the main corridor. This portion of the club is the west wing, and going north there is a series of three semi-open telephone booths. Figure 47 – View of south entry from reception area. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. Turning and proceeding west there is a vertically louvered door to the bar. Just inside are the men’s toilet, to the north, and women’s toilet which is to the south. The toilet’s finishes are tile floor and wainscot with painted plaster walls and ceiling above. The toilet partitions are painted metal. Continuing west there is the bar with its namesake millwork where a large arch spans the opening above the bar which occupies the entire west end of the large, generally rectangular room. Large half-round windows occupy the south and north elevations at this end of the room. Other windows on the west, north and south are paired rectangular casement sash type. The floor is broadloom carpet which continues down a broad open stair on the south side of the room.

This stair descends to the basement and its solid balustrade is wood board faced. Located here, in two large rooms, are quartered administrative staff and storage. The lighting in the eastern room is cable- suspended continuous extruded aluminum troughs with fluorescent indirect uplighting. Exposed conduits occur on some walls and ceilings. Both rooms are wood paneled with burlap above and the ceiling treatment is

July 23, 2009 162 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley wood boxed beams with acoustic tile infill. The room to the west has surface mounted fluorescent light fixtures and there is an office in the southwest corner having some glass walls. A two-section storage room and separate mechanical room also occupy this level to the south. The floors throughout this level appear to be vinyl asbestos tile except for the mechanical room’s floor which is concrete. Figure 48 – Basement level in west wing, looking southeast. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Returning back to the reception desk and proceeding east from the desk there is a wide corridor which leads to the balance of the club’s spaces. Proceeding up a

Figure 49 – Great Hall, first floor, looking west. Photo courtesy of Photograph © 2003 by Alan Nyiri, Atkinson Photographic Archive, UC Berkeley.

July 23, 2009 163 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley few steps, along the corridor and stopping at the large, low sloped skylight are two prominent spaces. Looking to the north, and through a series of paired French doors with transoms of leaded colored glass depicting a variety of major university heraldic shields, is the Great Hall. (See Figure 49)

The long rectangular-plan space has a symmetrical, very steeply pitched wood ceiling with the ridge running east to west. The north and south elevations are similar with three sets of paired wood columns surmounted by double outrigger joists which display carved ends in the form of a creature’s head. (See Figure 52) On each of Figure 50 – Great Hall, first floor, in southeast the outward facing three sides of each paired column corner of room as seen through trap door in north there are a pair of filled in holes located at about six feet attic ceiling. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. above the floor. A photograph which was taken in 1902 shows some metal protrusion at these points but their use is unknown. A 1928 version of the same view shows that they are no longer there.

The columns continue up the angled wood ceiling and near the ceiling’s ridge there is a cross beam with king post whose two open areas are filled-in with negative space trefoil bandsawn cutout elements. Hanging from the ridge beam are chandeliers which have multiple pierced copper lanterns. The north wall is similar to the south elevation but also has large opening which can be closed off with a folding partition. This leads to the guest rooms upstairs, by turning west, and private dining rooms and the kitchen straight to the north. At the room’s west end is a fireplace surround and hearth Figure 51 – Detail of fireplace in Great Hall, first floor, looking west. Photo by Knapp Architects, which are clad with large artisan matte glazed ceramic 2008.

July 23, 2009 164 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley tiles. (See Figure 51) A simple wood mantelpiece surrounds the masonry and above is an angled plaster hood. The west elevation’s walls, above the paneling which aligns with the top of the room’s doors, are sheathed with diagonal wood boards. The east end of the room opens to the serving area and above the opening is a large window with vertically oriented Figure 52 –. Great Hall, first floor, detail of typical rectangular wood windows further divided by horizontal outrigger beam end. Photo by Knapp Architects, mullions. The top of the window terminates in a peak 2008. paralleling the acute angle of the ceiling. Flanking both sides of this opening are built-in wood faced lockers. The floor is oak plank and all the walls are paneling.

The north wing contains one public and three private function rooms. At the main entrance to the Kerr Room, from the south, there are folding doors to block off the room from the adjacent Great Hall. Kerr is the largest of Figure 53 – Kerr Room, first floor, looking northwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. the rooms in this wing and has full height windows with paired French doors with transoms and sidelights on the west which look out onto a tiered patio and to Faculty Glade beyond. (See Figure 53) Paintings by Perham Nahl with food themes are located in the room’s four corners and set at an angle. The three- quarter high paneling is topped by a linear fluorescent strip light focused up and down and trimmed with a wood fascia board. The ceiling is painted plaster and is intersected by orthogonal pairs of false wood finish beams leaving large plain fields where recessed fluorescent downlights occur. The next smaller room of this cluster is the O’Neill Room which sits at the northwest corner of this wing. (See Figure 54) It has a very high asymmetric pitch wood ceiling with the gable running north to south. Windows occur on the north and Figure 54 – O’Neill Room, first floor, looking west walls while on the south wall has a series of doors. southwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

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At the eastern end of this elevation are a pair of doors with a segmented arch which lead to the adjacent Bowker Room. The middle position is a singular door which leads directly to the exterior aforementioned patio. A third door toward the west end of the elevation leads to a storage closet. Above all the doors, and spanning the entire upper wall area, is a fresco mural by

Ray Boynton. The balance of the walls are a plain Figure 55 – Elberg Room (Director’s Room), looking northeast. Photo by Knapp Architects, painted finish. The adjacent Bowker Room has French 2008. doors with transoms above leading to the patio on the west. On the north wall are a pair of doors with segmented arch-top which lead to the O’Neill Room. The lighting in this room has a dropped gypsum board ceiling surrounded by a continuous slot trimmed in wood which is lit indirectly with fluorescent strip fixtures. There is a plain molding located at three-quarters of the wall height; as well as a base and crown molding which surround the space. Otherwise the walls are plain Figure 56 – Kitchen, first floor, looking west with stair to basement locker room. Photo by Knapp painted gypsum board. The most intimate room of this Architects, 2008. grouping is the Director’s Room, aka Elberg Room, with a low ceiling and three-quarter high paneling. It has casement windows on the east and north sides looking to the creek below. (See Figure 55)

To the east is the kitchen which is mainly one large rectangular space for food preparation and dishwashing with a series of smaller rooms for room temperature and refrigerated food and other storage to the east. In this area there is a garbage room which is only accessible from an exterior door on the east. Ceramic tile lines the length and most of the height of the kitchen’s walls, the floors are quarry tile and the ceiling painted perforated Figure 57 – Men’s Locker Room, basement, east wing, looking north. Photo by Knapp Architects, acoustic metal tile. (See Figure 56) An office and staff 2008.

July 23, 2009 166 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley dining room are directly off the kitchen on the north. Stairways in the northwest and southeast corners which descend to basement locker rooms for each sex. (See Figure 57)

Returning to the first floor common corridor just south of the Great Hall is the Chernin Room. Square wood finish columns separate the corridor from the Chernin space. Going through this room to the south then leads into the Howard Room. (See Figure 58) A back to back common brick fireplace occurs in each room and acts as a divider between the two rooms. The fireplace’s lintel is a Figure 58 – Howard Room, first floor, looking segmented arch of header bricks with a projecting flat southwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. top brick mantel which has a niche above. The full height wall paneling is bisected all around the room at about three-quarters high by a linear fluorescent strip light focused up and down and trimmed with a wood fascia. The ceiling has boxed beams infilled with the bottoms of wood joists and pendant light fixtures, although the Chernin’s fixture is a smaller version. The Howard Room has a cast bronze bas relief depicting John Galen Howard by Jacques Schnier mounted in a recess in the chimney breast. (See Figure 59) A long, narrow outdoor space, the Bolt Courtyard, is accessed by three pairs of French doors to the east from the Figure 59 – Howard Room, first floor, fireplace Chernin Room. detail with bronze by Schnier, looking north. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Proceeding east down the common corridor, the north wall is used for photo display and has recent lighting in the form of low voltage taught exposed wires which support MR16 fixtures near the ceiling. There are

July 23, 2009 167 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley windows looking to the Bolt Courtyard to the south. (See Figure 60)

Moving eastward proceeds into a common circulation area off of which are the servery and several private function rooms. The serving area has a large, low double sloped skylight, whose ridge is north to south, which sits at the room’s west end and directly adjoins a wide opening to the Great Hall. The servery’s north wall has a grill line and deli case configuration whose walls are paneled; while the east has mostly fixed and two operable, almost full height windows. There is a deep wood sill below. This eastern area is visually divided Figure 60 – Corridor to south of the Great Hall, first floor, looking southwest. Photo by Steve from the western area with a low slung beam running Finacom, 2008. north to south. The ceiling in this area is higher, has expressed joists and glowing opal glass ball-shaped pendant light fixtures. Returning to the central circulation there are the Hart, Stringham (also known as the Staff Room but is storage at this time) and Davis private function rooms are all similar in their approximately square configuration, size and character. (See Figure 61) The rooms all have paneling from floor and ceiling with a projected wood chair rail. The Hart Figure 61 – Davis Room, first floor, looking northeast. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. and Davis Rooms have carpeted floors while Stringham is quarry tile. The Stringham and Davis Rooms have texture painted gypsum board ceilings while Hart has a painted paneled ceiling.

The Heyns Room is a large, long rectangular room whose length parallels the building’s south side. It’s entrance has an accordion door to seal it off from the Figure 62 – Heyns Room, first floor, looking corridor. Divided light windows look to, while French southwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 168 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley doors with transom lights above, access a patio to the south. Murals, painted by Perham Nahl, are located on the west and east elevations above the three-quarter high paneling and each artwork spans the entire width of the elevation. Illumination comes from a linear fluorescent strip light focused up and down and trimmed with a wood fascia which circles the entire space’s Figure 63 – Detail of Nahl mural in east end of perimeter. Additional lighting comes from recessed Heyns Room. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. fluorescent spanning the width of the room and captured between boxed beams. The infill ceiling is monolithic acoustic tile. The floor is broadloom carpet. (See Figures 62 and 63)

The balance of the common spaces in this sector have men’s and women’s toilet rooms (Current interior images 3.4.67 and 3.4.68) to the east, a tiny space with a plaque “Edward Schafer Memorial Telephone Booth,” under the stair (See Figure 64) and two egress corridors leading to the exterior, one on the east leading toward Senior Hall is up a few steps while the other goes in the opposite direction to the west which is a trellis covered patio shared with the Heyns Room.

The far most part of the east wing contains three roughly square meeting rooms, the Louderback, Figure 64 – The Edward Schafer Memorial Telephone Booth under the east wing stair, first Heyman, and Popper Rooms. Popper (See Figure 65) floor. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. and Louderback have continuous pairs of French doors with transoms above which face west. Heyman has clerestory windows facing east. These three rooms each have quarry tile floors and three-quarter height paneling. The lighting in Popper is surface mounted fluorescent lights trimmed in wood; while that in

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Louderback and Heyman are Arts and Crafts style pendant fixtures. At the wing’s east end are the rectangular Lewis and Latimer Rooms which are entered by a pair of separate doors. (See Figure 66) The flexible space can be one large room or may be equally separated with an exposed moveable wood divider wall hanging from the ceiling and running north to south. This space has pairs of French doors with Figure 65 – Popper Room, first floor, looking transoms above facing west and clerestory windows on southeast. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. the east The ceiling is painted gypsum board and has surface mounted fluorescent lights trimmed in wood. Above the three-quarter high wainscot paneling is fabric which is trimmed on all edges with wood battens. Mounted on the wainscot are brass coat hooks above a continuous painted wood rail which projects from the wall’s face as a chair rail. The floor is broadloom carpet.

There is also an adjacent storage room to the east. All Figure 66 – Latimer half of Lewis/Latimer Room, first floor, looking northwest. Photo by Knapp the doors in this wing are wood and of flush design. Architects, 2008.

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Plan of Second Floor

There are three cluster of guest rooms on the second floor. The first is accessed by returning to the reception desk, and to its north, there is a switchback stair, Stair 2, which goes to the second level known as Hall 1. This

July 23, 2009 171 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley stair has a center divider wall of vertical wood boards with open spaces in between the boards. The Seaborg Room occupies much of this level of the west wing. (See Figure 67) The rectangular plan of this room is divided into four semi-exposed wood structural bays and has a fireplace at the east end. There are a series of pairs of French doors which exit to a wood roof deck to the south, while there is a linear window seat on the Figure 67 – Seaborg Room, west wing, second north elevation with continuous casement windows floor, looking west. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. looking to the lawn. Slate tiles faces the fireplace in which there are inscribed names of UC Nobel Laureates. There is a large storage room in the room’s northwest corner, and a smaller one containing HVAC equipment just north of the fireplace. Lighting is accomplished by recessed fluorescent downlights combined with large shallow spun metal dishes suspended from the ridge beam which provide indirect light to the ceiling plane. The asymmetrically gabled ceiling, with ridge running east to west is painted gypsum board. The floor is broadloom carpet.

Figure 68 – Hall 2 in the south addition, second Another branch of the common Hall 1 leads up several floor, looking west. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. steps to Hall 2 which is a narrow corridor (See Figure 68) where there is the California Suite, also known as the Buck Suite, Rooms 222/222A, and guest Rooms 221, e.g. Franson Room and 223, the smallest room in the Club which is also affectionately known as the Scholars Room. This is the first of three separate guest room clusters within the building. At the intersection of Halls 1 and 2 is a shared toilet and an egress to a roof deck to the west. Hall 2 has windows overlooking the skylight adjacent to, and south of, the first floor’s Great Figure 69 – Guest suite 222, living room, looking southwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

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Hall. The California Suite has clerestory windows and a transom surrounding the flush panel entrance door in Hall 2. (See Figure 69) Upon entering there is a large room with an angled face fireplace with a painted brick surround, projecting wood mantle and raised hearth of bricks located in the southeast corner. There are windows to the west. Proceeding south is the suite’s next room, a large bedroom with fireplace, in the same Figure 70 – Guest suite 222, living room, looking northwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. finish as the adjacent room, which is in the northeast corner and closets with built-in outward facing mirrors along the north wall. (See Figure 70) To the south is an alcove leading to the bathroom which has a small kitchenette. The tiled bathroom has both a tub and built- in shower – the only room within this facility to have this combination. In this grouping of rooms is Room 220 which is the only guest room within the facility having painted plaster walls and ceiling. Its entry door is a five Figure 71 – Guest Suite 222, (also known as the panel type. This room has a separate access corridor California Suite or Buck Suite) bedroom looking northeast. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. with window leading to the north attic of the Great Hall. Rooms 220 and 221 have tiled bathrooms while Room 223 has no bathroom. Room 221 has the typical wall paneling but there are horizontal shadows on the boards. (These lines are evidence of the built-in bookshelves which once lined this space when it was part of Professor Stephens’ suite, the original occupant.)

From Hall 1 an outward swinging door leads to a single run carpeted stair with a wood board balustrade surrounding the opening which leads up to the Tower Room, Room 219 which is also known as the Cal Spirit

Suite. (See Figure 72) Located on the third level the Figure 72 – Tower room, Room 219, looking southeast and up to ceiling. Photo by Knapp unique room has a common brick fireplace with simple Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 173 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley mantelpiece. The bathroom is one step up to the east. An unusual arrangement of windows face the creek to the north which is a paired layout of square windows centered over another smaller square window below. Also there is pair of French doors to access a private deck to the south. The roof’s underside wood truss structure is expressed as the room’s ceiling. Clad entirely in wall paneling, there are dramatically differing shades of wood color on some planes. (See Figure 73)

In the interstitial space between the Great Hall and Kerr Dining is the entrance to the north wing’s second floor. Figure 73 – Tower room, Room 219, looking A combination winder stair at the bottom of the run, with southeast. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. turned wood newel post and then straight run staircase, proceeds to the second floor and the second guest room cluster. The stair’s closed balustrade is panelized wood. All of this space is paneled. (See Figure 74) Upon arriving at the broad landing of Corridor 6 is another series of three steps which span the width of the room. A dormer in the roof of this space allows light from above. At the landing’s southeast corner there is a Figure 74 – Stair to second floor, Corridor 6 in built-in seat, with a flip top, which allows for storage north wing, looking northwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. below. (See Figure 75) A pair of French doors look east to the roofs and greenery among the creek beyond. A blind door on the south wall accesses the north half the attic space above the Great Hall. In this space is the seismic retrofit work done to the hall’s ceiling. (See Figure 76) A small hinged hatch in the hall’s steeply angled ceiling allows a discrete view from the attic space to the Great Hall below. Corridor 6 then leads perpendicular and north into Corridor 7. There are four identical narrow doors, interspersed equally in the Figure 75 – Built in bench, second floor, north wing on stair landing. Photo by Knapp Architects, double loaded corridor. Three lead to storage closets 2008.

July 23, 2009 174 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley while the fourth, on the west side accesses a ladder to the attic. The north end of the corridor has a French door leading to a fire escape. Seven almost identical guest rooms, Rooms 212 through 218, lead off this double-loaded corridor. One door leads to the shared toilet. Each room has a narrow walk-in closet with a window and a separate alcove. The rooms have carpeted floors, wall paneling up to about 18” short of the ceiling where there is an infill of rough fabric held in place at the edges by battens. The ceiling is also paneled. Room 212 is an exception since it has a tiled bathroom with shower, a closet with sliding doors and being a corner room it has three windows. (Room 218 was not available for survey.) Figure 76 – Attic space above Great Hall. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

From the first floor common space is a single-run stair which terminates on the second floor in Corridor 4 where there is a lay light in the ceiling. (See Figure 77) This is the last of the three guest room clusters. The balustrade is open with plain dimensional wood balusters. A small closet behind a blind door is located west of the stair’s upper landing. Off this corridor are Figure 77 – Stair to second floor, east wing, looking Rooms 207 through 209. (See Figure 78) Proceeding southwest. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. south is Corridor 3 which has six identical guest rooms, Rooms 201 through 206, located off the double loaded corridor. Each of the guest rooms in this cluster have a private bathroom and three-quarter high paneling but the wall above is painted gypsum board in this cluster. There is an egress door at the south end of this corridor. (Room 220 was not available for survey.) At the opposite end of this common corridor grouping is Corridor 5 which services two guest rooms, Rooms 210 Figure 78 – Room 209, looking northeast. Photo and 211, and to the east two storage/linen rooms. (See by Knapp Architects, 2008.

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Figure 79) Each guest room is entered via a small vestibule. The south storage/linen room has a wood floor and built-in millwork on the south elevation. There is an egress door from Corridor 5 to the west which leads to an open roof area via a French door. (The storage/linen room to the north was not available for survey.)

Figure 79 – Storage closet on second floor just east of Room 211, looking west, showing original wainscot with fabric above and roughsawn ceiling treatment. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 176

J. SELECTED ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

J. SELECTED ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

Exterior

Roof - Most of the roof facing is three different forms of Spanish terra cotta tiles: tapered barrel, straight barrel and one-piece in a consistent red color. Some roofs are built-up composition and flat.

Shingles - Wood shingles cover much of the building’s Figure 80 – Roof at intersection of Great Hall wall facings. The finish is natural for most facades while and north wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. some are painted a brown color.

Stucco - Portions of the west and north wings have stucco wall facings which have a sand texture. The finish is a light cream color paint.

Windows - The window sash are all blue-green painted wood and mostly paired casement type with clear glass. The number of lights vary from single, in the 1959 Figure 81 – Stucco on north face of west wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. addition, to multiple elsewhere. A few windows are single light casement and small in size. Small hopper windows occur in the west wing. All the windows are frameless with the shingles or stucco coming to the edge of the opening. There are single light, floor to ceiling fixed units in a large grouping in the servery’s east wall which are trimmed with a simple wood strip.

Doors - All doors are painted French doors constructed of wood with clear glass lights and matching transoms. Figure 82 – Shingles and window sash in Bolt Courtyard. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

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Most are divided light while those in the 1959 wing are a single light.

Trim - Wood trim occurs in the form of bay window supports, balustrade cap, tower pediment, window sills, one window lintel and typical eave trim. Most is natural finish while some is painted.

Trellis’s - Several forms of natural wood finish trellis occur over the deck areas. The trellis outside the Great Hall is redwood which is painted.

Wood Vents - Natural wood louvered vents occur on the Figure 83 – French doors in Bolt Courtyard. Photo south wing. by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Wood Gutters - Some of the gutters are natural wood. Some cantilever beyond the roof edge and do not have a downspout component while others end at the roof’s edge.

Fences/Balustrades - There is a wood fence with simple balustrade at ground level. Another acts as a balustrade Figure 84 – Gutter on east wing. Photo by Knapp to a roof deck and has a more complex rhythm of Architects, 2008. pickets. The kitchen deck is enclosed by a louvered fence. The finish for all of these is natural wood.

Metals - Most of the gutters and downspouts are metal; some are galvanized steel while others are copper. Painted wrought iron railings occur in the window openings of the north wing. Metal flashing occurs at chimneys and various other places. Painted galvanized Figure 85 – Gutter leader on addition to south wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 179 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley steel is used for the fire escape stairs, ladders and landings. Exposed plumbing, sprinkler and conduit pipes are painted. Metal louvers, mostly painted and some galvanized steel, occur in a variety of places.

Lighting - Wrought copper lanterns hang from wrought iron support arms at the north and south entries. Another is mounted on a freestanding post northwest of the building. Other more utilitarian lighting is mounted on the building’s exterior walls. Figure 86 – Light fixture on south wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Skylights - A metal skylight exists in the servery and another is in the corridor just south of the Great Hall. A third occurs in the roof of the south addition.

Masonry - There are common red brick deck facings in common and running bond patterns. The retaining wall facings are in a Flemish bond and capped with a running bond of stretchers. Figure 87 – Skylight over servery. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Foundation - Most of the foundation appears to be concrete which is painted.

Frame and structure - Most of the structure is wood. An exception is the west wing whose structure is steel. That wing’s floor slabs of the first and second floors concrete filled steel pan construction, and the basement Figure 88 – Trellis on west side of east wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. is concrete.

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Interior

Wall Paneling - Most of the spaces, including function rooms and guest rooms, have walls faced in natural rough-sawn redwood in a board and batten wood paneling configuration.

Wood Paneled Ceilings - Some spaces have the same board and batten treatment in natural wood as the walls. The surface is painted in a few cases. Figure 89 – Typical missing trim at windows. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

Plaster/Gypsum Board Walls and Ceilings - Room 220 has plaster walls and ceiling as do all the bathrooms and toilets. Also some utility rooms and other miscellaneous ceilings are plaster.

Wall Fabric - Many guest rooms have burlap, or other rough textured, fabric above the wainscot paneling. It is Figure 90 – Typical room with paneling and fabric held in place with trim strips in some places and is above. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. direct-glued in others.

Doors - Some doors are wood stile and rail construction with five panels while other are wood flush panel construction.

Door Hardware - Polished brass door knobs and escutcheons occur in most places and oxidized brass in others.

Wood Wall Trim - Door and window casings, wall base, Figure 91 – Typical window sash. Photo by Knapp and any miscellaneous trim is rough-sawn redwood flat Architects, 2008.

July 23, 2009 181 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley stock. The finish is usually natural which some is painted.

Flooring - Some of the main circulation areas, the Great Hall and servery have oak strip floors. The main corridor circulation of the east wing’s first floor is quarry tile. All of the guest rooms and corridors on the second floor are broadloom carpet. The basement locker rooms have painted concrete floors.

Masonry - There are common brick fireplaces in the Howard Room, Chernin Rooms and Tower Room. The

Great Hall has a hooded fireplace whose firebox Figure 92 – Corridor to south of Great Hall. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. opening is glazed tile and the firebox firebrick.

Built-in Millwork - A built-in bench occurs in the north wing’s second floor. The main reception desk, the bar and associated elements, any closets with original shelving or hanging hooks,

Stairways - All the stairways have wood treads, risers, balustrades and handrails. There is a unique turned newel post in the stair of the north wing, Except next to Figure 93 – Built-in bench in second floor landing the reception desk the finish is wood, the treads and of north wing. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008. risers are all carpeted.

Light Fixtures - Arts and Crafts style light fixtures occur throughout the facility in a variety of forms. (None of the fixtures appear to be original to the building.) There are wall mounted sconces, pendants and chandeliers

July 23, 2009 182 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley mostly in a verdigris finish. Contemporary recessed downlights occur in a few public spaces.

Artwork - Integral artwork in the form of a fresco in the O’Neill Room, two murals in the Heyns Room, and a bas relief bronze in the Howard Room are part of the club’s building. Four Nalh paintings, which are located in the Kerr Dining Room, are not integral but have been created by the artist for this site. (Although there are other many other objects and artworks of lesser significance in the facility they are not included in the Figure 94 – Mural in Heyns Room. Photo by scope of this report.) Knapp Architects, 2008.

Plumbing - Some toilets and sinks may be original to the construction date, most notably the 1959 wing. The kitchen was not surveyed.

Mechanical Systems - There is a forced hot air heating system in the west wing. The balance of the facility is a hot water radiator system. The kitchen includes a variety of ventilation systems. None of these systems are evaluated in this report.

Fire Suppression System - There are fire sprinklers and smoke detectors throughout the facility. Their condition is not included in this report. Figure 95 – Typical guest bath. Photo by Knapp Architects, 2008.

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K. GENERAL CONDITIONS

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

K. GENERAL CONDITIONS

Notes:

1. See Conditions Assessment in Appendix for more specific location information.

2. See the Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates report, dated February 3, 2006 for specifics.

Exterior Shingle Siding - Good to Poor

Stucco Siding - Good

Roof - Good, although the flat roofs were not surveyed. The roof over the reception desk and adjacent administrative office leaks and is known to have structural damage.

Doors - Good to Poor

Windows - Good

Wood Trim - Good to Poor

Metals - Good to Fair

Gutters and Leaders - Good to Poor Concrete - Good

Foundation - Not surveyed.

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Interior Wall Paneling - Good to Fair

Burlap/Wall Fabric above wall paneling - Good to Fair

Doors - Good, although doors display wear in the form of nicks and scratches.

Door Hardware - Good

Wood Wall Trim - Good to Fair

Wood Flooring - Good

Tile Flooring - Good

Masonry - Good

Built-in Millwork - Good

Light Fixtures - Good with the exception of the bezel of many recessed shower fixtures is corroded. The bezel of the Men’s locker room recessed light fixture is missing.

Plumbing Fixtures - Good

Mechanical Systems - Not surveyed.

Fire Suppression System - Not surveyed.

The significant materials and features of the club are in Fair to Poor condition overall.

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L. SIGNIFICANCE AND INTEGRITY

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

L. SIGNIFICANCE AND INTEGRITY

Significance

The Faculty Club building is significant under National Register Criterion A and C. The building is significant at the state level under Criterion A (event) as a significant contribution to the development of UC Berkeley. It is also significant at the state level under Criterion C (design/construction) because it is the work of a master architect whose work possesses high artistic value. The building also displays the distinctive characteristics of a time and period of construction in its regionalism.

Historic Contexts

Mission Revival and Shingle style architecture of the early 20th Century

Development of Higher Education

Period of Significance

The period of significance for the building, under Criterion A, is for its association with education is during the period 1902, when the club opened, through 1959. Under Criterion B for its association with a person, it is significant during the period 1902, when the club first opened at this location. The period of significance for Criterion C is for its association with design/construction during the period from 1902, when the first building was constructed, until 1959, 50 years ago.

The Faculty Club was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on March 25, 1982. The National Register database lists the property significant at the state level under the same

July 23, 2009 188 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley criteria stated above (Event, Person, and Architecture/Engineering) with the areas of significance as Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Social History. The period of significance is listed in that document as 1900-1924, with the significant year being 1902.

As part of the preparation of this report, more detailed information on the criteria of significance, period of significance, contributing and non-contributing features, and cultural landscape features have been identified, using current National Register standards and guidelines.

Integrity

National Register Bulletin, no. 15 defines integrity as "the ability of a property to convey its significance. To be listed in the National Register of Historic Places, a property must not only be shown to be significant under the National Register criteria, but it must have integrity."1 The National Register criteria has codified seven qualities a property must retain, in various combinations, to possess integrity. These qualities or aspects of integrity are:

Location

Location is the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred. Location is important to an understanding of why the property was created or why a historic event occurred, critical to imparting a sense of a historic property's time and place.

1National Register of Historic Places Bulletin no. 15, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, p 44.

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Design

Design is the combination of elements that create a property's form, plan, space, structure, and style.

Setting

Setting refers to the physical environment of a historic property, in contrast to location which refers to the specific place a property was built or an event occurred. Setting refers to the character of the place during the property's period(s) of significance. Setting often takes into account the physical conditions under which a property was built and the functions it was intended to serve. The relationship of the historic resource to its surroundings, whether natural or manmade, constitute its setting and include such elements as topographic features, vegetation, manmade site features and relationships between buildings, site features and open space.

Materials

Materials are the physical elements used to create a historic resource and reveal the information about design intent and period materials and technologies.

Workmanship

Workmanship refers to evidence of craftsmanship indicative of period technological practices and aesthetic principles.

Feeling

Feeling is a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period in time. Feeling is a critical concentration of physical features that collectively convey the property's historic character.

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Association

Association is the intellectual link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. A property retains integrity of association if it is the place where a historically significant event or activity occurred and it remains sufficiently intact to convey that relationship.

Integrity Assessment

A property’s integrity must be evaluated within the context of the criteria under which a resource is considered eligible for listing in the National Register. While each aspect of integrity is assessed individually in a nuanced approach, the overall integrity of a property which is determined holistically from the synthesis of the seven aspects is ultimately a binary determination: either the property retains integrity or it does not.

Location

The Faculty Club building and the surrounding site retain integrity of location with respect to each of the three criteria of significance. During the period of significance the location of the club was not defined by any discernable boundary other than Strawberry Creek.

Design

On the exterior, the Faculty Club buildings retains full integrity of design with respect to each of the three criteria of significance. While the interior has been altered, it continues to convey almost undiminished its significance under Criterion A for its association with campus planning and construction.

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Setting

The setting of the Faculty Club has been scarcely altered since the period of significance. The construction of nearby Hertz Hall in 1958 and the addition to Minor Hall in 1978 have slightly diminished the integrity of location.

Materials

The Faculty Club buildings retain a relatively high degree of integrity of materials with respect to each mode of significance. All of the original light fixtures have been lost, but the great majority of the original building’s other materials are still intact.

An exception is the west wing which lost its integrity in 1959 when the building’s structure was replaced with steel and the floor slabs replaced with concrete filled pan slabs. All of the original interior rooms and their finishes were removed at that time. However it is 50 years later and this wing has come into its own right. Similarly, but more recently, the Great Hall received all new footings and foundation in 1978. At the same time the fireplace was completely rebuilt from the ground up. Despite this the overall the building retains a high degree of integrity with respect to all three areas of significance.

Workmanship

The building retain integrity of craftsmanship with respect to each mode of significance. Despite alterations over time, the building retains its character-defining examples of workmanship, including stucco, wood and built-in millwork.

Feeling

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The Faculty Club building retains integrity of feeling with respect to each three criteria of significance.

Association

The Faculty Club retains its integrity of association with respect to its significance under Criterion A for its association with education, especially because the property is an important example of a university’s faculty club and it still conveys that. Similarly, because it retains its essential form and interior character, it continues to convey its association with Bernard Maybeck. The many surviving character-defining materials and aspects of design continue to convey its integrity of association under Criterion C.

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M. RATINGS AND SIGNIFICANCE

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

M. RATINGS AND SIGNIFICANCE

Significance of Elements and Materials

The following materials and elements are Very Significant Exterior Massing and form Shingles Stucco Trellis outside Great Hall Trellis outside Kerr and Bowker Rooms Bay window on north face of west wing Wood trim at Tower pediments and all other roof eaves Windows and doors Roof tiles Masonry chimneys

Interior Great Hall Tower Room O’Neill Room Three stairways and their enclosures Board and batten wood paneling, including where on ceiling Burlap/fabric wall covering Fireplaces and mantelpieces, excluding Seaborg Room Wood flooring Wall fresco in O’Neill Room Two wall murals in Heyns Room Bronze bas relief in Howard Room Four artworks in Kerr Dining Room Skylight in servery Skylight outside Great Hall Plaster in Room 220

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The following materials and elements are Significant: Exterior Brick walkways and retaining walls Trellis outside Louderback, Popper and Latimer Rooms Interior Plaster: original walls and ceilings Doors Kraft tile flooring

The following materials and elements are Contributing: Interior Wood wall trim which is not part of the Very Significant wall design

The following materials and elements are Non- Contributing: Exterior Light fixtures Fire sprinkler system Non-masonry chimney enclosures (stucco over wood framing) Replacement gutters

Interior Light fixtures Broadloom carpeting Structural steel and concrete filled pan floor slabs in west wing Seaborg Room including fireplace, structure and all finishes Bar, its structure and all finishes Ceiling of the Heyns Room

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N. RECOMMENDATIONS Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

N. RECOMMENDATIONS

Architectural

Spaces, features, and materials should be treated as described in the University’s definitions of significance for HSRs and according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.

Very Significant spaces should be restored; previous changes and added features which are Non- Contributing may be reversed, but otherwise the design should avoid visible changes. Spaces rated Very Significant should not be altered in plan or section unless it is unavoidable for mandatory code measures. Programmatic decisions for Very Significant spaces should be adjusted where needed to avoid impacts. New openings and noticeable new features (such as building systems, lighting, signage) should be limited to those required by code or basic programmatic needs which cannot be provided otherwise. Existing features and materials rated Very Significant, Significant, and Contributing should retained and restored. If there is paint present, colors should be based on historic colors substantiated by documentation or paint analysis.

Significant spaces should be retained as is (with reversal of previous Non-Contributing work) wherever possible; changes required by code or vital to the program should be compatible with the character of the space. The architectural approach to Significant spaces should adjusted where needed to avoid impacts.

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Changes in plan and section, new openings and noticeable new features (such as building systems, lighting, signage) should defer entirely to the character of the space except where they are unavoidable in order to prevent impact on Very Significant spaces. Existing features and materials rated Very Significant or Significant should retained and restored; those rated Contributing may be altered in a manner compatible with the character of the space as needed for code and important programmatic requirements. Paint colors should be compatible with historic colors substantiated by documentation or paint analysis.

Contributing spaces should be retained as is (with reversal of previous Non-Contributing work) to the degree feasible within code, programmatic, and architectural design requirements without altering their fundamental character. The architectural approach to Contributing spaces should acknowledge and reinforce their historic character overall. Changes in plan and section, new openings, and noticeable new features (such as building systems, lighting, signage) should be compatible with the character of the space except where they are needed to prevent impact on Very Significant and Significant spaces. Existing features and materials rated Very Significant or Significant should be retained and restored; those rated Contributing may be altered in a manner compatible with the character of the space. Paint colors should be compatible with the character of the space and building.

Non-Contributing spaces may be altered, combined, or sub-divided. Where possible, Non-Contributing spaces

July 23, 2009 199 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley should be returned to their original layout and character. Changes should be generally compatible with the historic character of the building, especially where they are readily visible from the exterior and spaces rated Contributing or higher. Features which are Very Significant should be retained in place if feasible or moved to an appropriate location if necessary. Significant features should be retained in place or moved if feasible. Contributing features should be retained wherever achievable within the project goals. Non-Contributing features may be removed wherever they occur in the building.

Life Safety Issues

This report does not include a life safety study. Proposed uses and building programs should be considered with an eye to code requirements so that the integrity of the Faculty Club is not impaired. State Historical Building Code and alternative technologies should be carefully studied for required code upgrades.

Accessibility Issues

Most of the building has two accessibility conditions of overriding importance: most entries have stairs on the exterior and in the interior. Also there are no elevators. Consequently there is no way for a disabled person to negotiate the varying levels. Given the layout of the second floor where all the guest room occur, and being split into three separate zones, there would need to be special consideration as to how to achieve this. This report is not intended as an accessibility survey.

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Recommendations: Materials and Features

Note: See WJE report for more specific findings and recommendations about exterior conditions.

Exterior

Siding-The wood shingles on the second floor of the 1914 east wing’s west face are notably desiccated to the point of being a comb shape in some areas. Other adjacent areas are in equally poor condition was well. These areas should be replaced in-kind. At the same time the condition of the waterproofing and substrate should be checked for integrity. A tree rubbing against the west wing’s west elevation has removed a couple of shingles.

The stucco has been painted, versus documentation which describes it to have originally been a natural sand finish.

Roof-Leaks are present over the Main Reception Desk. The adjacent Administrative Office has a structural issue in the roof. This seems tied to the roof deck above which is seriously decayed. The structure should be repaired and the roofing assembly replaced.

Doors-The drip moldings at the bottom of the French Doors to the Heyns and Bowker rooms are either partly missing or of diminished value due to wear. Replace these in kind.

Figure 96 – Deteriorated exterior French door drip cap off of Kerr Room, first floor, in south wing. Stairs-The stairways are in Good condition. Knapp Architects image, 2008.

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Wood Trim-The wood trim on both Tower Room’s pediments require restoration. Some parts of the trellis outside the Louderback, Popper and Latimer Rooms are decayed as well. Various elements such as wood gutters, eaves and bargeboards are also decayed. The wood fence off the east wing’s southeast corner and the gate on the west both need to be replaced.

Figure 97 – Deteriorated exterior trellis, first floor, east wing. Knapp Architects image, 2008. Metals-Paint is peeling from the gutter and leaders in some cases. Paint is also peeling from plumbing pipes mounted on the building’s exterior. These area should be recoated by cleaning off any loose material and properly sanding and priming surfaces to receive a new coating.

Windows-Some windows require painting to protect the wood from exposure and consequent decay. Remove any loose paint and prepare through sanding and priming all exposed surfaces. If any rot is present, fill with an epoxy consolidant. The original Perry drawings of the north wing show two skylights on the roof. These illuminated two laylights located directly below in the ceiling of Corridor 7. These framed openings still are in evidence in the attic but have been covered up on the exterior and in the corridor below. These should be reopened to allow natural light into what is a dark corridor.

Interior

Paneling-Most of the wood paneling throughout the facility does not appear to have a finish except for the 1959 addition which has a clearcoat finish of some

July 23, 2009 202 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley nature. Consequently, over time, nicks and scratches have become quite apparent on the unfinished wood especially in the oldest room, the Great Hall, where the wood’s surface is very dry and susceptible to abrasion.

A low gloss surface treatment should be applied which is reversible and minimally invasive. The treatment should not change the wood’s patina in any way. The surface should not be bleached or sanded. A wax is recommended to be applied to the wood’s surface every three to five years. This will protect the wood against abrasion and moisture which can cause stains. A test patch area should be selected which is located in an inconspicuous section of paneling that is not at eye level. This test is to observe any reaction with the wood’s color or surface texture after the treatment has been applied. Prepare the surface by thoroughly dusting and/or vacuuming with a soft bristle brush attachment. Use a paste wax or microcrystalline wax which can be removed with water or turpentine. Apply the product with a soft cloth by placing a small amount on the cloth and leave a thin, even coating while rubbing in a circular motion. Wipe off any stray wax grains. Allow the wax to dry to a haze, and not to a complete hardness, from five to twenty minutes. Buff with clean dry rags, again using a circular motion. Note that paste wax is a flammable product. Dispose of used cloths properly.

In the case of the Great Hall, the addition of a continuous floor mounted wood strip about 6” from the wall could prevent additional damage to the wall surface due to chairs being pushed against the wall surface.

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Above the telephone booths, which are just north of the reception desk, is surface mounted Wiremold conduit. The paneling battens have been cut to allow the conduit to travel horizontally on the surface of the board paneling. The conduit should be removed and the wood portions patched in kind with old growth redwood obtained from a recycled source. Any new wiring should be concealed from view.

In guest rooms, such as room 208, restore the missing section of redwood top cap of the wall paneling around windows. (This appears to have been removed, possibly to clear draperies which may have hung here at some point.)

If the Stringham/Staff Room is to continue as a storage room, the wall paneling should be covered with a Figure 98 – View showing missing top cap. Knapp Architects image, 2008. material to keep any further damage from occurring. The material should be acid free and not permanently attached to the wall facings.

Wood Trim-The unfinished wood trim has similar wear problems to the wood paneling and any treatment should follow the same guidelines.

Windows-On the interior the windows of the Kitchen and Davis Room closet are layered in numerous coats of paint as are many bathroom windows.

Other window sash, sills and frames which are unfinished have been stained due to condensation

July 23, 2009 204 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley which has dripped from the glass onto the wood. Condensation is caused when a cool surface, in this case a window pane, comes in contact with warmer moist air. If the moisture content could be lowered the likelihood of this occurrence is diminished, however this may not be practical. No attempt should be made to remove the staining. However a finish should be applied to the window assembly to prevent further staining and deterioration. Follow the same steps for waxing as indicated under Paneling, shown above. In this case this treatment should be applied annually, preferably during a dry season. When painting the exterior of the windows, the coating should be returned on all the edges which are not visible from the interior so that Figure 99 – Stained window sash in second floor corridor of south wing. Knapp Architects image, these vulnerable surfaces are protected. 2008.

Wall Fabric-Some burlap panels above the wood paneling are drooping because their trim strips have become loose. The strips need to be removed, the fabric repositioned and the strips reattached in kind. (The fabric appears to be stretched between the strips and not direct-glued to the wall surface as is the current practice.) Also some have faded but should remain. If necessary, fabric might be backed with an acid free liner.

Doors-The doors display similar abrasion problems relative to the wood paneling and any treatment should follow the same guidelines. If any substantial wood is missing a Dutchman of in-kind material should be Figure 100 – Typical abraded guest room door on second floor. Knapp Architects image, 2008. installed to fill the area.

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Flooring-All of the guest rooms are covered with wall-to- wall broadloom carpet. Originally these rooms may have had area rugs set on wood floors. Partly exposing the wood floors would return the integrity of what the rooms originally looked like. The use of individual area carpets would allow for them to be easily cleaned versus broadloom which, if badly worn or stained, usually requires replacement of all the material and the consequent down time for the room’s use. Additionally the room would not need to be shut down for periodic carpet cleaning. Natural materials such as jute or sea grass would be appropriate period style choices, as would oriental style rugs. These should have a non-slip pad underneath which will also provide cushioning to lessen wear to the rug and floor.

The guest room corridors possibly had exposed wood flooring as well. Using a runner carpet down the center of a corridor exposing the wood flooring on the sides would return the original look of the space but keep most of the acoustic functionality. Returning the runner at the guest room threshold would ensure a continuous surface and avoid wear to the wood flooring.

Millwork-The lockers in the Great Hall are abraded and have the same wood finish issues as the wood paneling. The same guidelines for paneling should be followed but there should be no attempt to make them look perfect. Additionally some locker doors are crooked and require hardware maintenance on the hinges and latches.

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Light Fixtures-More energy efficient lamping should be considered such as fluorescent, halogen or LED sources. Care should be taken to choose the correct color of light source for the application. Fluorescent sources should be in the 3000 to 3500 K rage of color. These fall in what is known as the “warm white” color range. The bezel of some recessed ceiling mounted shower fixtures is corroded. The bezel and lens of a recessed light fixture in the Men’s Locker Room is missing.

The up/down perimeter fluorescent lighting added to the dark wood paneling in the Howard, Heyns and Kerr rooms is not an effective use of lighting. A dark color surface cannot be made lighter by putting light on it since the surface absorbs light. Other methods of lighting should be considered. Also, the projecting horizontal element detracts from, and breaks up, the full height vertical plane of the original paneling.

Any exposed wiring, whether low voltage or line voltage, should be hidden from view. Especially notable is surface mounted communications wiring in the guest Figure 101 – View showing typical exposed rooms on the second floor of the north wing. thermostat and communications wiring. Knapp Architects image, 2008.

Building Systems-Not surveyed.

HVAC Units in Attic of North Wing-these units provide noise and vibration to the guest rooms below. These should be acoustically and physically isolated from the building.

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II. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

II. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brooks, Phyllis. Art at the Club: the Faculty Club. Berkeley: the Faculty Club, 2001.

Cardwell, Kenneth H. Bernard Maybeck: Artisan, Architect, Artist. Santa Monica: Hennessey + Ingalls, 1996.

Centennial Record of the University of California, Verne Stadtman, editor, Berkeley: U. C. Printing Department, 1967.

Freudenheim, Leslie Mandelson and Elizabeth Sacks Sussman. Building with Nature: Roots of the San Francisco Bay Region Tradition. Santa Barbara and Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, Inc., 1974.

Facility Study, The Faculty Club, University of California, April 1990. (no author cited but known to be Sam Davis).

“Faculty Club Formed” San Francisco Chronicle, March 28, 1902.

“Faculty Club Holds Its House Warming” Oakland Tribune, February 7, 1903.

Faculty Club, Investigation of Wood Decay, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, (Brian Kehoe, SE and Brian Smith, PE.) February 3, 2006.

George Downs and Henry Lagorio Architects, Additions and Alterations to the Faculty Club, drawing A1, March 13, 1958.

Helfand, Harvey University of California, Berkeley. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002. http://www.acuclubs.org/ http://www.acuclubs.org/PDFFiles/Newsletter/Globe1108.pdf http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography Raymond Boynton http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography Perham Nahl http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/01/stadiu m-archreport.pdf

July 23, 2009 2 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb967nb5k3&doc.view =content&chunk.id=div00047&toc.depth=1&brand=oac&anch or.id=0 http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Orchard/8642/ http://www.jhuclub.jhu.edu/history.html http://www.univclub.com/html/about.html http://verlang.com/sfbay0004ref_bm_01.html#Faculty_Club http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrangle_Club_(University_of_ Chicago

The Idea of A Community of Scholars, Berkeley: The Faculty Club, 2002.

Invoice from K. T. K. Wrecking Company to Ebentraut and Summers, stamped October 17, 1973.

Invoice from N. H. Sjoberg and Son to Marquis and Stoller, dated November 1, 1972.

Letter from Karl Kasten, Professor of Art to Professor Joseph W. Garbarino, November 12, 1973.

Letter to Sally McGarrahan, Capital Projects, University of California, from Brian E. Kehoe, SE, re: Faculty Club trellis structure, November 1, 2006, 2 pages.

Memo from Forrest E. Tregea to Glen Grant, September 3, 1974.

Memo, Addition and Alterations, Faculty Club, by L. (Louis) A. DeMonte, Berkeley Office of Architects and Engineers, April 3, 1973.

Memo, author unknown, Status of Faculty Clubs Project, October 29, 1974.

National Register of Historic Places-Nomination form, items 7 and 8: the Faculty Club, 1977.

Nerad, Maresi The Academic Kitchen-a social history of gender stratification at the University of California, Berkeley Albany, NY: State of New York Press, 1999.

Oral history of, Garff B. Wilson The Invisible Man, or Public Ceremonies Chairman at Berkeley for Thirty-five Years, Suzanne B. Riess in 1980 (Regional Oral History Office, UC Berkeley.

July 23, 2009 3 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Paltridge, James Gilbert. A History of the Faculty Club of Berkeley. Berkeley: The Faculty Club, University of California, 1990.

Parish, Paul, “Berkeley’s Faculty Club – the View from the Bar,” Chronicle of the University of California, Fall, 2006.

Personal communication between Sam Davis and Christopher Pollock, January 23, 2008; and Facility Study, The Faculty Club, University of California, April 1990 (Sam Davis).

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map: Berkeley, 1911, vol.1,1911.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map: Berkeley, 1929, vol.1,1929.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map: Berkeley, 1911-July 1950, vol.1,1929-May 1950.

Seventh Report on the Occasion of the Fortieth Anniversary of Graduation, By Harvard College, Cambridge: Plimpton Press, 1917.

Steele, James. Faculty Club: University of California at Berkeley, Bernard Maybeck. London/Lanham, MD: Academy Editions, 1995.

Task Force Report on Food Services, Berkeley Campus Space Plan, June, 1982.

“University Will Study Peach Moth” San Francisco Chronicle, December 11, 1901. www.berkeleyfacultyclub.com/newsletter/May03/

Willes, Burl (Editor). Picturing Berkeley: a Postcard History. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith, 2005.

Woodbridge, Sally B. Bernard Maybeck: Visionary Architect. New York, London, Paris: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1992.

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III. APPENDICIES

A. SIGNIFICANCE DIAGRAMS Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

A. SIGNIFICANCE DIAGRAMS

Basement

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First Floor

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Second Floor

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B. CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

B. CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT

Notes: 1. See Wing Designation Plan in Appendix for wing location and extent. 2. Crawl space below Great Hall, attic of North Wing and two attics of Great Hall not surveyed. 3. For specific detailed comments, see site survey originals. 4. See the Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates survey, dated February 3, 2006 for specifics about conditions of the building’s exterior.

Exterior

Great Hall North East South West Roof Shingles Good to Poor Stucco Good Roof Tile Doors Good Windows Wood Trim Poor Good to Poor Metals Gutters Poor Concrete Foundation Other-trellis Good Other-deck Good Other- board Good and batten gable end

South Wing North East South West Roof Shingles Fair Good to Poor Stucco Roof Tile Good Doors Windows Poor Good to Poor Wood Trim Metals Gutters Good Concrete Foundation Poor Poor Other-rail Fair road tie

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steps Other- Good asphalt walk Other-brick Good paving Other-stucco Good chimney Other- Poor exposed piping

Addition to the South Wing North East South West Roof Shingles Fair Stucco Roof Tile Doors Fair Windows Poor Wood Trim Metals Gutters Concrete Foundation Good Other- Poor exposed plumbing and sprinkler piping Other-metal Good roof ladder

East Wing North East South West Roof Shingles Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Stucco Roof Tile Good Doors Good Fair Good to Fair Windows Fair to Good Good Good Wood Trim Good, except Fair purlin extensions Poor Metals Gutters Poor, except Poor Poor, except downspouts downspouts Good Good

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Concrete Foundation Good Other-brick Fair paving Other-fence Poor Other-gate Poor Other-trellis Fair to Poor

North Wing North East South West Roof Shingles Good Good to Poor Good Stucco Good Good Roof Tile Doors Fair Fair to Poor Windows Fair Fair Good to Fair Wood Trim Poor to Fair Metals- Good Good railing Gutters Poor Good Concrete Fair Foundation Fair Other-flat Fair to Poor roof to east Other-trellis Fair Other- Good lighting Other-deck Fair Other- Good egress stair Other- Fair skylight Other- Poor flashing and coping

West Wing North East South West Roof Shingles Good Good to Poor Good Stucco Fair Good Good-filled in former window behind backbar is evident in stucco Roof Tile Good

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Doors Good Windows Good, except Good Fair 1st floor Fair Wood Trim Good, except Poor deck balustrade Fair Metals- Fair egress stair Gutters Good, except Good, except downspout discharge Poor Fair Concrete Foundation Poor Good Other-deck Fair to Poor at Seaborg Room Other-metal Good louvers at basement Other- Poor sprinkler pipes Other-deck Fair to Poor at Tower Room Other-Tower Fair gable Other-Tower Poor stucco Other-Tower Good windows

Bolt Courtyard North East South West Roof Shingles Poor Fair to Poor Fair to Poor Stucco Roof Tile Doors Good Windows Poor Fair Fair Wood Trim Metals Fair Poor Gutters Concrete- Good paving Foundation Fair to Poor Fair to Poor Fair to Poor Other-steps Good

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Interior

Reception/Admin and Entry, First Floor West Wing Paneling Wall Covering-phone Good booths Doors-wood with glass Good lights Doors-five panel wood Good Doors-flush Good Doors - Missing on closet Door Hardware-panic Good bars Door Hardware Good Incompatible polished brass on inner office doors Wall Trim Good Some abrasions Ceiling Good Water leaks over reception desk reported by staff. Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-reception Good Wood facing is incompatible wit other wood. desk Light Fixtures Good Other-quarry tile floor Good at north entry

Men’s and Women’s Toilet Rooms, First Floor West Wing Walls-quarry tile Good wainscot Gypsum board walls Good above wainscot- painted Door-flush painted Good wood Door Hardware-pull Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling-painted Good gypsum board Floor-quarry tile Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Plumbing Fixtures- Good toilets, sinks and urinals Other-metal toilet Good partitions

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Bar, First Floor West Wing Paneling Good Horizontal abrasions Wall Covering Doors-flush wood Good Door Hardware-push Good plates Wall Trim Good Ceiling-wood Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-bar facing Good Tambour not operable and backbar Light Fixtures Good Plumbing Fixtures - Other-special wood Good slat door to bar Other-back bar floor, Fair sheet rubber Other-window Poor Latches loose or missing altogether hardware

Stairway from Basement to First Floor West Wing Paneling Good Split in balustrade panel Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Good wood fire door Door Hardware Wall Trim Good Ceiling-wood Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-oak handrail Good Light Fixtures Good Other-VCT on bottom Good landing floor

Administration/Storage, Basement West Wing Paneling Good Gypsum Board Above Good Paneling-painted Doors-flush wood Good Door Hardware Good Incompatible polished brass

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Wall Trim Good Ceiling-acoustic tile Good Floor-VAT or VCT Good If vinyl asbestos tile, replace with VCT Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures-mixture Good of fluorescent strips in west side and uplights in east side

Great Hall, First Floor Paneling Fair Wood is very dry and has many abrasions and nicks on lower portions Wall Covering Doors-French wood Good painted Door Hardware- Good mixture of lever with cremone bolts and panic bar Wall Trim Fair Abrasions and nicks Ceiling-wood Good Floor-oak strip Good Large access panel at east end. Some boards at east end are gouged and worn. Some boards cupped. Overall finish worn. Masonry-fireplace and Good hearth Millwork-wood lockers Fair Doors need to be realigned on east wall Light Fixtures- Good chandeliers Other-operable wall at Good north elevation Other-east window Good One light cracked

Kerr Dining Room, First Floor North Wing Paneling Fair Abrasions and nicks Wall Covering Doors-multi panel Good Some nicks wood Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Ceiling-acoustic tile Good Some wood members warped and wood trim Floor-carpet Good Masonry

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Millwork-server’s Fair cabinet Light Fixtures- Good recessed and wall mounted ambient

Bowker Room, First Floor North Wing Gypsum Board Good Wall Covering Doors-wood Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling-gypsum board Good and wood Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-wood chair Fair rail Light Fixtures Good One recessed fixture is dimmer than other three

O’Neill Room, First Floor North Wing Plaster Good Wall Covering Doors-multiple wood Good Entry door from exterior deck has light and air leaks on panel bottom and top. Finish on doors is uneven Door Hardware Good Wall Trim-painted Good wood Ceiling-wood and Good Some water staining purlins Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-wood chair Good rail Light Fixtures- Good chandeliers Other-murals on south Good wall

Elberg Room, First Floor (Director’s Room) North Wing Paneling Good Some nicks Wall Covering Doors-multi panel Good wood

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Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling-gypsum board Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-window sills Fair Abraded Light Fixtures Good

Kitchen, Storage Rooms and Office, First Floor North Wing Walls-Tile Good Plaster walls and Fair Several patches, poor workmanship ceiling in north storage and office Doors-painted wood Fair to Worn with one light good Door Hardware Fair Wall Trim Ceiling-perforated Poor Misaligned and bent in many places, very dirty metal Floor-Quarry tile Good Masonry Millwork-painted wood Fair Doors missing storage cabinet on east wall in northeast room Light Fixtures-semi - Good Need cleaning recessed fluorescents Plumbing Fixtures Not surveyed Other-stainless steel Good railing to men’s locker room

Women’s Locker Room, Basement North Wing Walls-plaster Fair Some cracks Wall Covering Doors-painted 5 panel Fair wood Door Hardware Knob missing Wall Trim Ceiling-plaster Fair Floor-painted concrete Good Masonry Millwork-painted wood Good beaded sheathing toilet enclosure

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Light Fixtures- Good porcelain sockets on ceiling Plumbing Fixtures- Good toilet and sink Other-rubber flooring Good and VCT on stair steps

Men’s Locker Room, Basement North Wing Walls-plaster Fair Some cracks Wall Covering Doors Door Hardware Wall Trim Ceiling-plaster Fair Large hole in center of main room Floor-painted concrete Good Finish worn Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures-surface Good mounted fluorescent strip Plumbing Fixtures- Good toilets and sinks Other-built-in and Fair freestanding painted metal lockers Other-painted metal Good toilet partition Steps-quarry tile Good

Chernin Room, First Floor South Wing Paneling Good Some abrasion at outside corners Wall Covering - Doors Good Door Hardware Good Incompatible Wall Trim Ceiling Floor-carpet Excellent Masonry Fair Arch of firebox opening cracked. Hearth needs pointing. Millwork Light Fixtures Good

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Howard Room, First Floor South Wing Paneling Fair Base scratched, holes in boards, broken batten and horizontal abrasions Wall Covering - Doors Fair Folding doors, poorly filled holes, operation good Door Hardware Good Incompatible brass pulls Wall Trim Good Lamp colors of indirect lighting differ from each other Ceiling-wood Good Some spot staining Floor-carpet Excellent Masonry-fireplace and Fair hearth Millwork Light Fixtures Good New pendant fixtures. Lenses in indirect lighting missing lenses except on north wall

Corridor Between Chernin Room and Great Hall, First Floor South Wing Paneling Fair Abrasions on wood Wall Covering Doors Door Hardware Wall Trim Good Ceiling Good Water staining around skylight Floor Fair Surface applied stain/top coat is worn Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Excellent Other-window sills Poor Stained and worn

Servery, First Floor North Wing Paneling Fair to Poor Stains on wood behind deli station. Abraded outside corners Wall Covering Doors Poor Plastic laminate faced door to kitchen worn Door Hardware Wall Trim Ceiling Fair Some water staining. Water leaks around skylight reported by staff. Floor Fair/Good Wood floor has large holes patched Masonry Millwork Poor East window sill unfinished and water stained Light Fixtures Good

Hart Room, First Floor

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Addition to South Wing Paneling Good Some nicks and gouges Wall Covering Doors-flush wood Good Incompatible dark red finish Door Hardware Wall Trim Good Some nicks and gouges Ceiling Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-chair rail Fair Painted finish Light Fixtures Good Other - Exposed telecommunications wiring

Stringham Room (Staff Room), First Floor Addition to South Wing (Much of room not visible due to being used for storage) Paneling Poor Many nicks, gouges, abrasions and scrapes Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Good wood Door Hardware Good Incompatible finish, polished brass on entry Wall Trim Ceiling-gypsum board Good painted Floor-quarry tile Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good

Davis, First Floor Addition to South Wing Paneling Good Many nicks and abrasions Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Good wood Door Hardware Good Incompatible finish, polished brass on entry door Wall Trim Good Many nicks and abrasions Ceiling-gypsum board, Good painted Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-chair rail Good Nicks and abrasions Light Fixtures Good

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Heyns, First Floor Addition to South Wing Paneling Fair (Original finish was sanded off at some point) Wall Covering Doors-folding partition Fair Door Hardware Fair Finish worn Wall Trim Fair Top portion of base missing at south end of room Ceiling Good Floor Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Mechanical Systems Fair Drip pans under radiators to catch leaks Other-windows Poor Wood severely stained Other-murals Good

Men’s and Women’s Toilet Rooms, First Floor Addition to South Wing Walls-quarry tile Good Some unfilled holes drilled in grout wainscot Gypsum board walls Good above wainscot- painted Door-flush painted Good wood Door Hardware-pull Good Wall Trim Ceiling-painted Good gypsum board Floor-quarry tile Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Plumbing Fixtures- Good toilets, sinks and urinals Other-metal toilet Good partitions

Corridor, First Floor Addition to South Wing and East Wing Paneling Good Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Good wood Door Hardware Good Incompatible polished brass finish

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Wall Trim Good Some abrasions Ceiling-wood Good Staining outside Heyns Room Floor-quarry tile Good Masonry Millwork-wood shelves Good with scroll cut brackets at east and west entrances Light Fixtures Good Other-abrasive Good nosings on stairs

Louderback Room, First Floor East Wing Paneling Fair Scuffs, scratches and nicks, especially below chair rail Wall Covering-grass Good cloth Doors Fair to Poor Gouges and scratches Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Fair Ceiling-gypsum board Good painted Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Mechanical Systems- Fair flush painted metal radiator cover

Heyman Room, First Floor East Wing Paneling Fair Scuff, scratches and nicks, especially below chair rail Wall Covering-grass Good cloth Doors-wood flat panel Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Fair Ceiling-gypsum board Good painted Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Mechanical Systems- Fair flush painted metal

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radiator cover

Popper Room, First Floor East Wing Paneling Fair Scuff, scratches and nicks, especially below chair rail Wall Covering-grass Good cloth Doors Fair to Poor Gouges and scratches Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Fair Ceiling-gypsum board Good painted Floor-quarry tile Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Mechanical Systems- Fair flush painted metal radiator cover

Latimer and Lewis Room, First Floor East Wing Paneling Fair Scuff, scratches and nicks, especially below chair rail Wall Covering-grass Good cloth Doors-wood exterior Fair to Poor Gouges and scratches Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Fair Ceiling-gypsum board Good painted Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Mechanical Systems- Fair flush painted metal radiator cover Other-operable wall, Good wood Other-chair rail Fair

Stair West Wing Paneling Good Some abrasions Wall Covering

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Doors Door Hardware Wall Trim Good Ceiling-wood Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-balustrade Good Light Fixtures Good

Hall 1, Second Floor West Wing Paneling Good Staining above door to exterior deck Wall Covering Doors-flush wood Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Fair Abraded Ceiling-wood Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Other-floor at door to Good exterior-ceramic tile

Seaborg Room, Second Floor West Wing Paneling Good Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Good wood and blind Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Crack in purlin of middle bay Ceiling-Gypsum board Good Floor-carpet Good Minor spots Masonry-fireplace Good hearth and fire box Millwork-window seat Good Light Fixtures Good

Hall 2 Addition to South Wing Paneling Fair to Poor Much abrasion, especially at stair Wall Covering Doors-wood panel Good Door Hardware Good

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Wall Trim Good Ceiling-wood Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-window sills Fair Worn Light Fixtures Good Other-window Good Some hold-opens missing hardware Other-abandoned Good knob and tube wiring junction box in east corridor on outside wall of Room 222

California Suite, Room 222/222A (Buck Suite) South Wing Paneling Good Split board on west wall Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Good wood Door Hardware-brass Good Incompatible polished brass finish on entry door Wall Trim Ceiling Floor-carpet Good Masonry-fireplace Good hearths and fireboxes Millwork-seat at Good fireplace and kitchenette cabinets Light Fixtures Plumbing Fixtures Good Other-ceramic tile in Good bathroom Other-plaster walls in Good bathroom

Franson Room, Room 221 South Wing Paneling Fair (Horizontal stripes on walls are evidence of former library shelving from first occupant) Wall Covering Doors-wood panel Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling Good Floor-carpet Good

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Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Plumbing Fixtures Good Other-ceramic tile in Good bathroom Other-plaster walls in Good bathroom above tile wainscot

Guest Room 220 South Wing Plaster-walls Good Wall Covering Doors-wood panel Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim-painted Fair Multiple layers of paint wood Ceiling-plaster in room Good and paneling on ceiling of vestibule Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Exposed conduit Plumbing Fixtures Good Other-ceramic tile in Good bathroom Other-plaster walls in Good bathroom above tile wainscot Other-French door Poor Joints split

Guest Room 223 (Scholar’s Room) South Wing Paneling Good Some splits, holes for electrical in west wall Wall Covering Doors-wood panel Fair Abrasions Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-window sill Fair Abraded Light Fixtures Good Plumbing Fixtures, Good

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sink Other-sink vanity Good

Common Toilet Room, Second Floor West Wing Floor-mosaic tile Good Walls-ceramic tile Good wainscot Doors-flush panel Good wood Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling-painted Good gypsum board Millwork Light Fixtures Good Plumbing Fixtures- Good/Poor Toilet has two major chips toilet and sink Other-plaster walls Good above wainscot, painted

Tower Room, Room 219 (Cal Spirit Tower), Second Floor West Wing Paneling Good Some splits in wood Wall Covering Doors-flush wood Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling-wood and truss Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry-fireplace Good hearth and firebox Millwork-mantelpiece Good Light Fixtures Good Bezel of recessed shower light corroded Plumbing Fixtures Good Other-ceramic tile in Good bathroom Other-plaster walls in Good Over painting onto ceramic tile below bathroom

Stair, Corridors 6 and 7, Second Floor North Wing Paneling Good to Abrasions especially horizontal ones on north wall of Fair Corridor 6 near east corner Gypsum Board-above Good paneling

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Doors-flush wood fire Good door Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Heavy abrasions to base below blind door Ceiling Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-built in bench Good Top painted with storage below Light Fixtures Good Other-blind door to Fair Much abrasion around lock cylinder face north attic Other-stair balustrade Good and newel post

Guest Rooms 212 through 218, Second Floor North Wing (Room 215 was not available for survey) Paneling Fair to Poor Splits in battens on south wall of Room 216. Same in 218 all walls. Poor Dutchman in south wall of 217. Plaster-in closet, on Good walls and ceiling Plaster-over paneling Good Doors-five panel wood Good Stains in Room 212 Doors-louvered at Good Douglas fir finish and polished brass hardware finish closets incompatible Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Minor nicks and scratches. Holes drilled and exposed wire in Room 213. Base cracked and broken off in Room 218. All rooms have cut back trim at top of paneling. Base cut on east wall of Room 217. Ceiling-wood Good Floor-carpet Excellent Floor-wood in closet Good Painted Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Bezel of recessed shower light corroded in Rooms 212 and 213 Plumbing-toilet and Good sink Other-ceramic tile in Good bathroom Other-plaster walls Good and ceiling in bathroom Windows-sills Poor Room 216, very worn Window Poor Bedding of glass at Room 213

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Other - Exposed telecommunications wiring

Common Bathroom, Second Floor North Wing Walls-ceramic mosaic Good tile Wall Covering Doors-painted wood Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Ceiling-painted Good gypsum board Floor-ceramic mosaic Good tile Masonry Millwork-counter Good Light Fixtures Good Bezel of recessed shower light corroded Plumbing Fixtures- Good sinks, toilets, urinal and tub Other-painted metal Good toilet partitions Other-glass shower Good doors

Stair and Corridor 4, Second Floor Addition to South Wing Paneling Good Some abrasions Gypsum board above Good paneling-painted Doors Door Hardware Good Lock cylinder face on blind door is polished brass Wall Trim Good Ceiling Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork-balustrade Good Some nicks Light Fixtures Good Other-laylight Good

Corridor 3, Second Floor East Wing Paneling Good Gypsum board above Good paneling-paint Doors-Flush panel Good

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wood Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling-gypsum board, Good painted Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Other-flush panel Good wood

Guest Rooms 201 through 206, Second Floor East Wing Rooms 202 and 203 not available for survey Paneling Good Wall Covering Doors-flush panel Fair Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Fair Ceiling-plaster Good Floor-carpet Good Masonry Millwork Plumbing Fixtures-sink Good and toilet Light Fixtures- Poor Bezel of recessed shower light corroded bathroom Other-ceramic tile in Good bathroom Other-plaster walls in Good bathroom above wainscot Other-windows Fair Latch mechanism broken in 202 and 206 Other-glass shower Good doors

Corridor 5, Second Floor Addition to South Wing Paneling Good Gypsum Board above Good paneling-paint Doors-five panel wood Good Door Hardware Good Wall Trim Good Ceiling Good

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Floor Good Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good

Guest Rooms 207 through 211, Second Floor Addition to the South Wing Rooms 207 and 211 not available for survey Paneling Good Nicks and scratches Plaster above paneling Good Doors-five panel wood Good Door Hardware Wall Trim Ceiling-plaster, painted Floor-carpet Fair to Poor Stains Masonry Millwork Light Fixtures Good Bezel of recessed shower light corroded Other-ceramic tile Good wainscot in bathroom Other-plaster walls in Good Top of toilet in Room 209 mismatched bathroom above wainscot Mechanical-radiator Poor Rooms 209 and 210 Plumbing-sink and Good toilet Other-glass shower Good doors

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C. ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

Bernard Maybeck, 1903. Details of arch windows in west wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Drawing showing architectural plan of south wing, first floor. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Drawing showing architectural plan of south wing, second floor. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Drawing showing south elevation of south wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Drawing showing south elevation of south wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. West elevation of south wing. Drawing showing west elevation of south wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. West elevation of south wing, alternate drawing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Drawing showing east elevation of south wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. East elevation of south wing, alternate drawing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Drawing showing longitudinal section of south elevation of south wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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John Galen Howard, 1904. Original elevations of Professor Landfield’s study on second floor of south wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Warren Perry, 1914. Drawing showing east and southeast wings. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing structural plan of foundation. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Kitchen. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing kitchen elevations. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing first floor reflected ceiling plan. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. West wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing west wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing west wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing east wing addition’s elevations. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing structural work to west wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Downs and Lagorio, 1958. Drawing showing structural work to west wing. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Drawing showing Faculty Glade landscape, 1963. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Bennett Christopherson, 1978. Drawing showing extent of roof work. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Bennett Christopherson, 1978. Drawing showing Great Hall structural modifications. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Bennett Christopherson, 1978. Drawing showing revisions to Great Hall. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Bennett Christopherson, 1978. Structural drawing indicating extent of seismic upgrade to the Great Hall. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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Marquis and Stoller, 1979. Drawing showing scope of work. Image courtesy of the University of California at Berkeley, Physical and Environmental Planning unit of Capital Projects.

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D. ROOM/SPACE DEDICATION BIOGRAPHIES Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

D. ROOM DEDICATION BIOGRAPHIES1

Over time function rooms or area and guest rooms have been named after a wide variety of individuals for various reasons. Some are to commemorate an individual’s achievement. Most rooms are named for faculty members who were very active members and leaders of the Club. Included are also senior administrators, including Chancellors, who were big supporters of the Club often meaning that they supported the Club with University funds, loans, agreements, or may have approved its building or reorganization projects. A few are outsiders or financial supporters.

Bruce A. Bolt (1930-2005) The faculty, staff, and students of the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory and the Departments of Earth and Planetary Science and Civil and Environmental Engineering are saddened by the loss of Professor Bruce Bolt, who passed away today after a brief illness.

Professor Bolt joined UC Berkeley in 1963 as a professor of seismology in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science and the Director of the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory (then known as the Seismographic Stations). Professor Bolt was director of the BSL for 28 years, leading the development of the Berkeley seismographic network into the age of broadband instrumentation and digital recording.

Professor Bolt leaves a rich legacy of accomplishments in seismology, engineering, and public policy.

1 All biography text copied from UC Berkeley biography material located at: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/archives_exhibits/in_memoriam/index1.html. Clarke and Franson biographical information copied from plaques located in designated rooms at the Faculty Club.

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Bruce A. Bolt, for decades one of the state's most visible experts on earthquakes and seismic hazards and professor emeritus of earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley, died Thursday, July 21, of pancreatic cancer at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in Oakland. He was 75.

As director of the University of California Seismographic Stations for 28 years, he traveled the world to investigate the sites of major earthquakes, lectured on earthquakes and earthquake hazards around the country and internationally, and served on numerous local, state and national panels and commissions. He even wrote two popular books: "Earthquakes: A Primer" (1978) and "Inside the Earth: Evidence from Earthquakes" (1982).

He served for 15 years on the California Seismic Safety Commission and was its chairman in 1986. According to a statement issued Friday by the California Seismic Safety Commission, "Former Commissioner Bolt was one of California's most influential policymakers in earthquake safety. … He was particularly renowned for his ability to increase the public's awareness about earthquakes and motivate legislators to improve earthquake safety. Professor Bolt leaves a rich legacy of public policy accomplishments."

Bolt, a native of Australia who became a naturalized citizen of the United States, was unique in straddling the boundary between seismology and engineering. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1978, joined the UC Berkeley Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in 1988, and was a key liaison to engineers desperately seeking information about ground motion so that they could design buildings to withstand the shaking.

"He really was the founder of the modern field of engineering seismology, which is the interface between earth science and the fields of geotechnical and structural engineering," said Gregory Fenves, UC Berkeley professor and chair of civil and environmental engineering. "He was an indefatigable advocate for communication between seismologists and engineers. He could speak to broad audiences, right at their level, including legislators and governors."

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Fenves credits Bolt with being a strong advocate of installing strong-motion sensors near earthquake faults to measure the true ground movement, essential information for earthquake engineers. He also was one of the first to recognize the importance of near-fault effects of quakes, which can be much different from the effect only a mile away.

UC Berkeley colleague Douglas Dreger, associate professor of earth and planetary science, noted that Bolt coined the term "fling" for the brief period when a fault slips during an earthquake.

"He recognized early on that this rapid elastic rebound could have severe consequences for structures, and this importance was borne out in strong ground motion recordings from recent quakes, such as the Denali earthquake in Alaska and the Chi-Chi event in Taiwan," Dreger said. Bolt contributed to many other areas of seismology through analysis of seismic wave recordings.

"In the 1960s and '70s he made significant contributions to our understanding of the deep Earth - in particular, the Earth's inner core," said Barbara Romanowicz, UC Berkeley professor of earth and planetary science who succeeded Bolt in 1991 as director of the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory.

She also noted his contributions to the laboratory, including making it the first institution to install broadband seismometers that, unlike previous seismometers, can measure earthquake waves across a broad band of frequencies. Bolt also was among the first to switch from paper readouts to digital recordings on tape, which led to today's use of computers to record and analyze seismic data. "As a result, UC Berkeley is still a leader in digital research, and Professor Bolt started us off," Dreger said.

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Bolt also was president from 1982 to 1985 of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. He was a member of the board of trustees of the academy for 11 years, from 1981-92, and again joined the board in 1999.

"Bruce has been one of the staunchest supporters of research programs at the academy, and has been an ardent spokesperson for the system of scientific research, exhibits and education," said Terrence Gosliner, provost of the academy. "In the three decades he has been associated with the academy, he really pushed to make people think creatively. And when he got enthusiastic about something, he would always follow through."

Not surprisingly, Bolt pushed for an exhibit about earthquake preparedness and helped design the museum's first such exhibit, which debuted in the early 1980s. Bolt even narrated a demonstration of the severe shaking that took place during San Francisco's 1906 earthquake. In the 15-20 years that the exhibit was up, Gosliner recalled walking by many, many times and hearing Bolt intone, "We must be prepared, it will happen again."

Aside from his university responsibilities, Bolt "consulted on every major seismic project in the state, including dams, bridges and airports," said his former student, Norm Abrahamson, an engineering seismologist for Pacific Gas & Electric. Some of this consulting was for PG&E, including for the company's Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, although he consulted on the Alaska oil pipeline, the Aswan dam in Egypt and many other international projects. In recent years, he mostly reviewed projects, Abrahamson said, including what may have been his last - an assessment of the BART tube running under San Francisco Bay. "He was probably the first seismologist to really go over and talk to the engineers - that was his strength," Abrahamson said.

Bolt was born in the small town of Largs in New South Wales, Australia, on Feb. 15, 1930, and earned all his degrees - a B.Sc. in 1952, a M.Sc. in 1955, a Ph.D. in applied mathematics in 1959 and a D.Sc. in 1972 - from the University of Sydney. He lectured there in applied

July 23, 2009 5 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley mathematics from 1954 until 1962, and developed in interest in mathematical modeling of the earth's interior.

Following a Fulbright post-doctoral fellowship at the Lamont Geological Observatory in New York, he visited the department of Geodesy and Geophysics at Cambridge University, England, where he met professors Perry Byerly and John Verhoogen of UC Berkeley. They were impressed and invited him to come to UC Berkeley, where in 1963 he succeeded Byerly as director of the Berkeley Seismographic Stations, now the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory. He remained director until 1989 and retired to emeritus status in 1993.

During his years at UC Berkeley, Bolt served the campus in many capacities, including as a member of the Seismic Review Committee from 1988 to 1991 to assess the earthquake safety of campus buildings and design a plan to improve them.

Bolt also was president of the Academic Senate in the 1992-93 school year and retired only last year after 10 years as president of the Faculty Club. He could be found dining at the club many a lunchtime, said Fenves, recalling that eating with him could be difficult because of all the people stopping by to say hello. In addition, Bolt was an amateur actor and director and a member of an informal faculty and faculty spouse drama section, part of the University Section Club, that met regularly and put on plays to raise money for emergency scholarships and grants for students.

As a member of the state's Seismic Safety Commission, Bolt was instrumental in developing state legislation for seismic hazard mapping, the Southern California and Bay Area Earthquake Preparedness Projects, the California Earthquake Education Project, earthquake safety improvements for mobile homes, private schools, hospital buildings, essential services buildings, and unreinforced masonry buildings, the "California at Risk" earthquake loss reduction program, requirements for the disclosure of earthquake weaknesses to potential homebuyers, and a small building permit fee to fund the Strong Motion Instrumentation Program.

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Bolt was a fellow of the American Geophysical Union and of the Geological Society of America, an associate of the Royal Astronomical Society and an overseas fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was president in 1974 of the Seismological Society of America and editor of its bulletin from 1965 to 1972, and president of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior from 1980 until 1983. He won the Alfred Alquist Medal of the California Earthquake Safety Foundation, the George W. Housner Medal from the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, and, upon retiring from UC Berkeley, the campus's highest honor, the Berkeley Citation. Aside from his two popular books, Bolt also wrote “Earthquakes and Geological Discovery” (1993) and five editions of “Earthquakes” (fifth edition, 2003).

He also was a member of the Bohemian Club and San Francisco's University Club. Bolt was active to the end, having returned in June from a California Academy of Sciences trip to the Galapagos Islands and a subsequent trip to a meeting in Turkey. "He was going full bore," said his daughter, Gillian Bolt Kohli. "He kept up an amazing pace because he was so much in demand."

He was scheduled to give a retrospective on the 1906 earthquake at the upcoming "100th Anniversary Earthquake Conference" to be held in San Francisco in April 2006, where he was to address seismologists, engineers, planners, policy makers and responders.

Bolt is survived by his wife, Beverley (Bentley), of Berkeley; daughters, Gillian Bolt Kohli of Wellesley, Mass., Helen Bolt Juarez of Fremont, Calif., and Margaret Barber of Rumson, N. J.; a son, Robert, of Hillsborough, Calif.; a sister, Fay Bolt, of Sydney, Australia; and 14 grandchildren.

A campus memorial service is scheduled for Friday, July 29, at 3 p.m. in the Faculty Club. In lieu of flowers, contributions in Bolt's name should be sent to the California Academy of

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Sciences or to the Bear Valley Tennis Club, c/o Ann Wolff, Treasurer, 151 Pepper Court, Los Altos, CA 94022.

Albert H. Bowker Albert Bowker succeeded Roger Heyns as Berkeley chancellor in 1971 and served until 1980. He attended M.I.T. (A.B. 1943) and Columbia (Ph.D. in mathematics, 1949). He served on the faculty of Stanford from 1947 to 1963, and was chancellor of City College of New York from 1963 to 1971. Though state allocations to Berkeley were reduced during Bowker's tenure, he was able to raise funding for Bechtel Engineering Center and the Optometry Center (Minor Hall). In 1980, Bowker resigned to join President Jimmy Carter's cabinet as the U.S. Assistant Secretary for Post-Secondary Education. Following that, he became Dean of the School of Public Affairs at the University of Maryland from 1981-84. In recent years he has returned to Berkeley as Professor of Statistics, Emeritus, and is often seen on campus.

Albert H. Bowker, an eminent statistician and former chancellor of UC Berkeley, died Sunday at a retirement home in Portola Valley. Mr. Bowker was 88. He had been ill with pancreatic cancer. Throughout his career in higher education, Mr. Bowker was known as an innovative administrator with an unswerving commitment to academic excellence. He also earned the reputation of being a tough negotiator with state officials and campus activists. Mr. Bowker was named chancellor of UC Berkeley in 1971 - a position he held for nine years.

He joined the UC Berkeley administration after the turmoil of the Free Speech Movement and students' anti-Vietnam War protests of the 1960s - at a time when the university faced an erosion in state funding, overcrowded classrooms, and both salary and hiring freezes and layoffs.

As UC Berkeley's fifth chancellor, he courted alumni support to raise funds for capital projects and established the UC Berkeley Foundation. He also eliminated 35 top jobs at the campus to help balance the university's budget.

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A politically savvy administrator, he had a knack for building - and dismantling - programs. He signed agreements with Beijing and Tsinghua universities in China to exchange scholars and library materials with UC Berkeley.

He drew praise for approving the tenure of outspoken black sociologist Harry Edwards, but also drew fire from campus activists. In June 1974, Mr. Bowker was burned in effigy by 400 students protesting the phasing-out of UC Berkeley's school of criminology.

"He was a very witty and charming man," said his daughter Caroline Bliss. "He also wanted to make sure that his children appreciated his love of statistics, so he taught us all complex ways of counting cards at blackjack. We also got to have a pinball machine at our house that one of his colleagues had used in some statistical experiment."

Albert Hosmer Bowker was born in Winchendon, Mass., and grew up in Washington, D.C. - the son of a scientist who worked for the federal Bureau of Government Standards. Mr. Bowker attended MIT, where he majored in mathematics. He earned a Ph.D. in statistics from Columbia University, and joined the Stanford University faculty in 1947.

He ran Stanford's department of statistics and, as assistant to Stanford's provost, worked on special assignments including development of interdepartmental programs such as scientific computation and data processing.

In 1958, he was named dean of Stanford's graduate division. He headed the development of Stanford's overseas centers in Japan and Taiwan. And, recognizing the future of computers, he played a key role in the decision to develop Stanford's computation center - one of the largest academic installations of its kind in the West.

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Five years later, he became chancellor of the new City University of New York, which had seven campuses. On his departure eight years later, it had 20 campuses and had almost doubled its enrollment to 200,000 students.

Mr. Bowker's first wife, Elizabeth Rempfer, is deceased. In 1964, he married his second wife, Rosedith Sitgreaves, who taught statistics and education at Stanford. She is also deceased.

After leaving UC Berkeley in 1980, Mr. Bowker was nominated by former President Jimmy Carter to the post of assistant secretary for postsecondary education for the newly formed U.S. Department of Education. He later served as the dean of the School of Public Affairs at the University of Maryland and as executive vice president of the University of Maryland. He returned in 1986 to CUNY as vice president for planning at its research foundation.

He also served on the National Drug Abuse Council and MIT's board of trustees. Additionally, he liked to read, swim and fish. He was a voracious reader, and maintained a passion for live theater. In his retirement, he returned to the Bay Area and taught - until a few years ago - a freshman theater seminar at UC Berkeley.

Mr. Bowker's survivors include his son, Paul Albert Bowker of Cottonwood (Shasta County); twin daughters, Caroline Anne Bowker Bliss and Nancy Kathleen Bowker, both of Palo Alto; and five grandchildren.

A campus memorial service is set for 4:30 p.m., Feb. 4, at the Faculty Club. Mr. Bowker's family suggests contributions be made to the UC Berkeley Foundation (Attention: vice chancellor-university relations, 2080 Addison St., No. 4200, Berkeley, CA 94720-4200) or to the League to Save Lake Tahoe (955 Emerald Bay Road, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150), with a notation that donations are being offered in his memory.

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Thomas Buck (1881-1969) With the passing of Thomas Buck in Orinda, March 3, 1969, nearly fifty-eight years of loyal association with the University of California came to an end.

Thomas Buck was born on December 25, 1881, in Orland, Maine, the son of H. H. and Alice M. Buck. Upon recognition of his ability in mathematics during his early school years, he was encouraged to seek admission to the University of Maine. Accordingly, he wrote to the President of the University and in due time received notice of his admission. He was then fifteen years of age. He received the B.S. degree from the University of Maine at the age of nineteen in 1901 and then from 1902 to 1906 taught there as Instructor in Mathematics. Buck then undertook graduate studies in mathematics and astronomy at the University of Chicago. He carried on research for his doctoral dissertation under the guidance of the distinguished mathematical astronomer, Professor F. R. Moulton. Buck's thesis, Oscillating Satellites near the Lagrangian Equilateral Points Periodic Solutions, was published by the Carnegie Institute of Washington. Upon receiving his doctoral degree from the University of Chicago, 1909, Buck served as Instructor of Mathematics, University of Illinois, 1909-1911, and then came to Berkeley.

Dr. Buck was appointed Instructor in Mathematics, University of California, in 1911, and in 1931 he attained the rank of Professor of Mathematics. The one interruption in his service occurred while he was on war leave from August 8, 1918, to January 1, 1919. Mathematicians participated in the war effort during World War I by undertaking calculations, such as were required to develop new range tables adequate for the use of newly introduced high-velocity shells. Buck was commissioned First Lieutenant in the United States Army and went on a mission to Europe in the performance of mathematical tasks. He enjoyed sabbatical leaves in 1920-21, 1924-25, 1934-35, 1947-48, and retired as Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, July 1, 1952.

In view of the circumstance that his dissertation had been on mathematical astronomy, it was fitting that he should be called upon to teach those branches of mathematics which are of interest to students of astronomy, physics, and engineering. For many years he gave an upper division course in differential equations, Fourier series, hyperbolic functions, and complex

July 23, 2009 11 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley numbers, required in the College of Engineering. On the graduate level, his courses in Special Analytic Functions and Partial Differential Equations were attended with great appreciation by graduate students who needed skill in higher mathematics for their theoretical research. One of the members of this Committee can testify from first person experience that Professor Buck was a superb teacher. He was an ideal teacher for students of the physical sciences.

Not long after his arrival in Berkeley, Professor Buck took up residence in the Faculty Club, and this continued to be his home until illness required special care. In his room in the Club, he collected an extensive scientific library, built up a splendid repertoire of recordings of classical music, and fashioned a setting for his wide scholarly interests. He was a subscriber to the Opera and often traveled to Vienna for the season. At the Faculty Club, which he served well while on the Board of Directors, Professor Buck was a gracious host to eminent colleagues in the University. He was an interested member of the Sierra Ski Club when that organization maintained a clubhouse at Norden in the Sierra. Indeed, there was Buck Lake at the top of the hill, tempting but chilly. When the Sierra Ski Club was absorbed by the Sierra Club, he became a Life Member of the latter. Professor Buck was a member of the Bohemian Club of San Francisco. He was a member of the Camp, originally named for the late Professor Charles Derleth, but in recent years conducted under the captaincy of Professor Joe W. Kelly, of Civil Engineering. Professor Raymand E. Davis and Professor Charles Gilman Hyde were also early members of this camp. For many years, Professor Buck shared a University office with his colleague Professor Sciobereti, also a mathematical astronomer. Prior to the regular encampment of the Bohemian Club, Professor Buck, and Professor Sciobereti as his guest, would occupy the camp and delight in the preparation of exotic dishes. For many years the Faculty Club has enjoyed the managerial services of Mr. Forrest McAbee. This gracious gentleman was especially helpful to Professor Buck, and during recent years took him on excursions into the hills for relaxation and the enjoyment of nature and further assisted him as conservator.

Professor Buck was a member of the American Mathematical Society, Phi Beta Kappa Society, Sigma Xi Society, and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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For much of his career, Professor Buck cared for his widowed mother. He is survived by two nieces, Mrs. Karl Ehresman, of Glendale, California, and Mrs. Dorothy Butterfield, of San Francisco.

Milton Chernin (1910-1987) Club President from 1976-1987 On September 17, 1987, Milton Chernin died in Berkeley of a heart attack, ending one of the longest and most productive careers in the University. Chernin was a major figure on the Berkeley campus, having been associated with it for almost sixty years. Officially retired in 1977, he remained active as president of the Faculty Club and as secretary of the Berkeley Academic Senate and of the Northern Division of the Academic Assembly. He was working as usual on the morning of the day he died.

Chernin was born on March 9, 1910, in Chasniki, Russia, and was brought to the U.S. in infancy when his parents settled in Canonsville, New York. As the youngest and only male among the five children of Max and Pearl Chernin, he occupied a special place in a closely-knit Jewish family. He completed Canonsville Elementary School and Deposit (N.Y.) High School by age 15. In 1925 he enrolled in Columbia University. When his family moved to California, he transferred as a sophomore to UCLA, where he earned a B.A. and a Phi Beta Kappa Key.

In 1929 Chernin came to UC Berkeley as the George Douglass Fellow in Political Science and received the M.A. in 1930. Then he began doctoral studies in Public Administration under the late Professor Samuel C. May. He combined studies with employment at the California State Relief Administration and then at UCB's Bureau of Public Administration (B.P.A.), predecessor of the Institute of Governmental Studies.

After receiving the Ph.D. in 1937, Chernin continued as a research associate at the B.P.A. There he co-authored several monographs on California's correctional institutions. With Professor May he also taught a joint seminar on the “Administration of Criminal Justice” in the Political Science Department. These activities earned him a reputation as an expert on the

July 23, 2009 13 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley correctional system. In 1940 Chernin was appointed Assistant Professor in the newly formed Department of Social Welfare to develop a program of research and training in the field of corrections.

When the U.S. entered the war, Chernin went on leave to Washington to work in the Board of Economic Warfare and next in the Office of Foreign Relief. In 1943 he was inducted into the Army and assigned to the American Military Government in Europe, where he assisted in the de-Nazification program and in the reorganization of the German police system. He rose from private to first lieutenant and earned the Legion of Merit.

In 1946 Chernin returned to UC Berkeley and a promotion to Associate Professor. During his absence a School of Social Welfare had been established. Then-President Robert G. Sproul appointed him the school's acting dean and chairman of a search committee to recommend a permanent dean. Most impressed by the professional character of the search committee's report, Sproul appointed the committee's chairman as the school's new dean. In 1947 the job and the man found each other.

The School of Social Welfare was Chernin's magnum opus. When he became dean, it was an infant enterprise. He laid the foundations on which was built a leading center for instruction and research in social welfare and social work. First he solidified the curriculum leading to the M.S.W., the practitioner's degree. In recognition for this, in 1957 he received the Koshland Award from the California Conference of Social Work. Next he turned to the establishment in 1960 of the school's doctoral program, intended to produce the teachers and researchers for the profession. Under his deanship the school granted almost 3,000 master's and 78 doctor's degrees. Its alumni serve in universities, social agencies, and government bureaus around the world.

For the school, Chernin recruited a faculty of superior quality. Believing that social welfare policy and social work practice must be grounded in the basic social sciences, he sought faculty members knowledgeable in these disciplines. He had an uncanny nose for talent and refused to

July 23, 2009 14 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley relax his standards of academic excellence. He respected good scholarship and created a climate wherein it could flourish. Chernin was a hard taskmaster, but also farsighted and fair. Accordingly, he was reappointed dean five times. When he retired in 1977, he had served thirty years, longer than any professional school dean at UC Berkeley. The retirement dinner in his honor attracted 400 admirers. His will named the school the recipient of a generous bequest. Chernin's commitment to the School of Social Welfare was matched only by his love for the Berkeley campus. He considered it his Promised Land, and he gave himself completely to it. As dean, he served under four University presidents and five Berkeley chancellors, who called on him repeatedly to undertake a variety of tasks. These he performed willingly and efficiently.

Chernin served as a member of the Graduate Council (1948-53), as acting director of the B.P.A. (1955-58), and as academic assistant to then-Chancellor Glenn Seaborg (1958-60). At various times during the 1960s and 1970s he sat on the advisory committees of five professional schools and four research centers. Chernin entertained the highest regard for our Academic Senate, having been elected to its Committee on Committees for six two-year terms. In all, he accumulated service on nine Senate committees for an aggregate of forty years. From 1980 until his death, he served with distinction as the secretary of the Berkeley Division. Chernin was President of The Faculty Club at Berkeley for eleven years. Again, the man fitted the job. Hardly a day passed that he was not in the club. Under his leadership, the club's finances were significantly improved and the collegial atmosphere became more inviting.

Chernin was the good citizen without whose volunteer efforts ours would not be a university. This was acknowledged during the 1977 Charter Day Exercises when then-Berkeley Chancellor Albert Bowker honored Chernin with the Berkeley Citation, UCB's highest award, “for notable service to the University.”

Chernin never lost the common touch. He relished contact with students and staff. Throughout his deanship he taught the undergraduate basic course in social welfare, attracting many a recruit to the profession. He carried a full load of advisees and served readily on oral examination and dissertation committees. At various times he was on the advisory boards of the University YMCA, Student Cooperative Association, and Student Union, as well as the Friends

July 23, 2009 15 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley of Berkeley Hillel. He was in constant demand as a speaker at student functions: graduation breakfasts, initiation dinners, and orientation meetings.

Chernin was known throughout California for his efforts on behalf of social welfare on the state level. During 1963-67 he was a member of the State Welfare Board, the body advisory to then- Governor Edmund (Pat) Brown. Over the decades he served on a series of gubernatorial study commissions and of committees advisory to various state government units. He testified periodically before the California State Legislative Assembly on proposed social welfare legislation. He was also active in several statewide social work professional organizations, serving for a time on the board of directors of the California Conference on Social Welfare. He was one of the California delegates to two White House Conferences: on Children and Youth (1951), and on Aging (1961).

Chernin's perspective was international. During 1957-58 he was on the faculty of the School of Administrative Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. He spent the summer of 1962 as a member of an American team of consultants to the Egyptian Ministry of Planning. He spent the fall of 1968 at the U.N.'s Institute in Social Development in Geneva, Switzerland. Between 1966 and 1974 he was on the Policy Committee that oversaw the University of California-University of Chile (Convenio) Exchange Program and made frequent trips to Santiago, Chile. In 1971 he traveled to New Delhi, India, to review our University's Inter-Professional Schools Educational Project.

Simultaneously with his wide ranging activities, Chernin always maintained a close interest in local civic affairs. He devoted time and energy to the work of the Association of Bay Area Governments, the Bay Area Welfare Planning Council, the San Francisco Foundation, the Alameda County Health Department, and the Oakland Family Service. He was on the board of directors of the United Bay Area Crusade, and supervised some of its Berkeley campus campaigns. In retirement he became a regent of the John F. Kennedy University in Orinda, California.

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Although not a religious man, Chernin identified strongly with his Jewish heritage. He, therefore, provided leadership to the local Jewish community. For years he served on the committees of the Jewish Welfare Federation and was an active worker in the annual Federation UC faculty campaigns. He was a member of the Advisory Committee of the Home for Aged Jewish Parents of Oakland, and a trustee of the Berkeley/Richmond Jewish Community Center.

Because of his long service to the University, Chernin became a persona, a presence, on the Berkeley campus. Although a towering figure academically, he was physically diminutive. But he had a dynamic personality that drew people to him. And for one his size, he possessed a surprisingly stentorian voice. He was an optimistic person with a zest for living and with an irrepressible sense of humor.

Despite his many accomplishments, Chernin remained a modest man, tending to minimize his own importance. “Nobody is missed for long,” he used to say. Self-disparagement was one of his engaging traits. Personal warmth was another. He reached out constantly to people. He was genuine, lacking in guile, and his openness encouraged others to respond to him in kind.

In 1935, while studying for his doctorate, Chernin married fellow student Gertrude Chemnick of San Francisco (A.B. Economics, 1934; Certificate in Social Service, 1936). Theirs was an unusually happy marriage. Each was devoted to the other. In his later years Chernin was the patriarch of the Chernin-Chemnick extended family. Since the Chernins had no children of their own, he assumed the role of grand-uncle who presided over family reunions. In 1986 the death of Gertrude ended a marriage of a half century. In addition, two sisters of Chernin also predeceased him. When he died, Chernin left behind two sisters (Rose Kusnitz of Los Angeles and Lillian Doran of Pacific Palisades), six nephews, three nieces, and innumerable admirers and friends.

Carol Kavanaugh Clarke and Robert M. Clarke Carol (Class of 1960) and Bob (Class of 1957; MBA 1959) share their pride in Cal’s athletic programs. Bob was a crew member during his student days and served on the UC Rally Committee. Carol later established a group, called “Cal Spirit,” to raise money for the UC Rally

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Committee, Oski, Cheerleader, and Tell leaders Rally Committee. She became the founding president of the Cal Spirit Alumni Club and was herself the recipient, along with Bob, of the Cal Spirit Alumni Award in 2003. Carol also received the Alumni Association’s award for Excellence in Service (2002). Together the Clarke’s have established several scholarships through the Athletics Department. Loyal followers of Cal’s athletic programs, they attend as many events as possible.

Alva Raymond Davis (1887-1965) Club President from 1946-1949 Dr. Alva Raymond Davis, distinguished botanist and plant physiologist, former Dean of the College of Letters and Science, and Vice Chancellor of the Berkeley Campus, died in Berkeley on July 15, 1965. Born at Cascade, Iowa, on February 15, 1887, he was the son of John William and Elizabeth Orr Davis. Through early enlistment in the United States Navy (1903-1908) he acquired the persistent nickname of “Sailor,” by which he was known to all his many friends.

After receiving the A.B. degree from Pomona College in 1912, Davis accepted a Lackland Research Fellowship at Washington University, St. Louis, to enable him to undertake graduate work with Benjamin M. Duggar. (Professor Duggar subsequently achieved public recognition as the discoverer of aureomycin.) Davis' principal research objective was the determination of the nature and distribution of enzymes in the cells of marine algae. Two of his summers were spent appropriately as an instructor at the Woods Hole Biological Laboratories; a third summer was spent as an instructor at Pomona. He was awarded the Ph.D. by Washington University in 1915. In 1916 he married Hulda Eugenie Scharle, a Pomona classmate, to whom he remained devoted until her death in 1961. The year of his marriage he joined the staff of the University of Nebraska as Assistant Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology. He had scarcely unpacked his bags, however, when he departed for a two-year stint in the United States Army.

In 1919 he became an Instructor in the Division of Soil Chemistry and Bacteriology, College of Agriculture, Berkeley, and, two years later, Assistant Professor of Plant Nutrition. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1925 and to the full Professorship in 1929, first in the Division of Plant Nutrition, and after 1934 in the Department of Botany. Davis was an integral part of one of this University's most famous and productive research teams, that headed by the

July 23, 2009 18 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley late Dennis R. Hoagland, which made so many important contributions to our understanding of the mineral nutrition of plants, and the application of this knowledge to agricultural problems. Davis first conducted an important statistical study of the variability of plants grown in water culture. He was then led into a long series of productive investigations dealing with the problems of the intake and accumulation of various ions by living plant cells, and the influence upon these phenomena of such factors as light, temperature, and ion antagonism. This, in turn, led to the designing of apparatus for the growing of test plants in a completely controlled environment.

In 1936, after having had a major part in planning its reorganization, he took over the chairmanship of the Department of Botany. The department then rated as “distinguished,” but it had been badly decimated by retirements and deaths. Davis succeeded in establishing a relaxed atmosphere of warm good fellowship and complete democracy in which departmental discussions and affairs were conducted. The resultant spirit of loyalty, frankness, and friendly tolerance is a cherished heritage of his leadership that the Department of Botany hopes always to retain.

He served as the first budgetary Dean of the College of Letters and Science from 1947 to 1955, and was largely responsible for its present structure. Upon retirement, he was recalled to active service as Vice Chancellor for the year 1955.

Davis was honored by appointment or election to many offices in the Academic Senate and in professional and other societies. He served as chairman of the Library, Research, and Budget committees, as Vice Chairman of the Academic Senate in 1942-1945, and again in 1947. He was president of the Faculty Club, the local chapter of Sigma Xi, the Pacific Division of the American Society of Plant Physiologists, and the California Botanical Society, and vice president of the Western Society of Naturalists. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and the Faculty, Kosmos, History of Science, Sierra, Sierra Ski, Bohemian, and Commonwealth clubs. During World War II he re-entered the United States Army and served as director of specialized training programs at San Diego and at Fort Bliss, Texas, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He served as a member and chairman of the Academic Advisory Board of the United States Maritime Commission. In 1958 and 1959 he formed an important part of a State

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Department team sent to assist in reorganizing the University of Concepcion, Chile. Davis was awarded the D.Sc. by Pomona College in 1948. King Olav of Norway personally presented him with the Royal Order of St. Olav (Knight First Class) in 1960, in recognition of his successful efforts to establish a Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature.

“Sailor” Davis had many interests and hobbies, including woodworking, skiing, playing billiards, writing verse, and painting. He and Mrs. Davis traveled extensively after his retirement, and he visited Africa after her death. He had an unusual gift in being able to encapsulate the essence of a place or an event in a postcard message. In awarding Davis the honorary LL.D. in 1957, President Sproul referred to him as “a quiet worker in the academic vineyard upon whose judgment the University has leaned heavily in maintaining the quality of its product.” This is perhaps an understatement of his selfless dedication to the welfare of the University and his extraordinarily manifold contributions to it.

He is survived by two children, Alva Raymond Davis, Jr., of Corona del Mar, and Margaret Ellen (Mrs. Robert Imrie), of Walnut Creek, and by four grandchildren.

Sanford S. Elberg Faculty Club Honors Dean Elberg on 23 October 2001 The Faculty Club has taken the step of renaming its Directors’ Room to honor Dean Sanford (Sandy) Elberg, long-time Dean of the Graduate School and President of the Faculty Club from 1988 to 1992. On October 12th he was honored at a reception in the Club’s Great Hall attended by about 120 of his friends, family, and colleagues.

Sandy is best known in the campus community at large from his years as Dean of the Graduate School in the turbulent 60's and 70's. His wise counsels were appreciated by faculty and administration alike. At the same time he continued his distinguished scholarly career. He served as Professor of Bacteriology and Microbiology from 1930 to 1989 and is currently Professor Emeritus in the School of Public Health. He also served a term as head of the Graduate Theological Union.

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Sandy’s friends and family had clubbed together and mounted a campaign to gather funds under the Club’s Centennial Improvement Fund to cover the remodeling of this formerly somewhat shabby room. The drive netted over $40,000, enough to cover the remodeling of the room and begin the establishment of an endowment to ensure its maintenance in years to come.

Irma Hollins Franson (1926-2001) and Donald R. Franson (1926-2001) California natives and second-generation Cal alumni, the Fransons were loyal supporters of Berkeley throughout their lives and instilled a love of this campus and the Faculty Club in their children and grandchildren, whose contributions have made possible the renovation of this room. Don (Class of 1947) went on to graduate from Hastings College of Law and practiced in Fresno until his appointment to judgeships, culminating in his appointment as presiding judge of the Fifth District Court of Appeal. Irma (Class of 1948) qualified and worked as an accountant, and then raised their five children. Their partnership is an inspiration to their family, who remember them with love and admiration.

Walter Morris Hart (1872-1964) Club president 1918-1930 and 1931-1934 After earning a Harvard Ph.D., Walter Hart was professor of English at Berkeley from 1895 to 1943, including several years as department chair. He also served as Dean of the university and then vice president of the university, taking an active role in the establishment of the University of CA at Los Angeles. He served the Faculty Club as president from 1918 to 1930 and again from 1931 to 1934.

The death of Walter Morris Hart on March 3, 1964, at the age of ninety-one, removed almost the last survivor of a critical epoch in the University's history: an epoch in which were formulated lines of self-realization, in accordance with which the immense development of the years to follow could proceed in evolutionary rather than revolutionary fashion -- flexible and responsive to need in times of rapid change and growth but orderly, and wisely self-controlled. During the

July 23, 2009 21 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley second and third decades of the century, crucial years of purposive definition, Walter Hart became a dominant figure among the faculty leaders who shaped policy and directed its course.

Born in Philadelphia on November 23, 1872, Hart joined the Berkeley faculty at the invitation of Charles Mills Gayley in 1895. He had taken his A.B. and M.A. degrees at Haverford and was enjoying a year of foreign study and travel when the offer came. There were six men in Gayley's English Department then; the campus boasted 1,500 students. Hart purchased a round-trip ticket from Philadelphia to Berkeley and return, and came out at the salary of $1,000. Except for leave to earn a Harvard Ph.D. (1900-03) and a sabbatical year in France (1909-10), he remained in continuously active service as a member of the Berkeley English faculty until his retirement in 1943. For several years he was chairman of his department. His success in committee duties, for one of which he wrote a pamphlet on the organization of junior colleges,

Ira Michael Heyman (b. 1930) Ira Michael Heyman continued his long history of service to the Berkeley campus when he was appointed chancellor in 1980. Heyman joined the Law faculty in 1959 and served as vice- chancellor starting in 1974. Heyman completed his undergraduate degree at Dartmouth College and received his law degree from Yale University. As chancellor, Heyman presided over the renovation of sciences buildings and curriculum. He also worked to expand the amount of support to the University through private donors. During his years as chancellor, the ethnic diversity of the student population increased significantly: by 1990, non-white undergraduates represented 51 percent of the student body. When Heyman left the chancellorship in 1990, he returned to teaching law and was named secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in 1994.

Mike came to Berkeley’s Law School in 1959 and served as Professor of Law and City and Regional Planning until his retirement in 1993. He took a break from teaching to become Berkeley’s Chancellor from 1980 to 1990. After his retirement he served as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute (1994-1999). He ahs helped direct many organizations, most recently the San Francisco Presidio Trust. While teaching, he consulted actively with the U s Commission on Civil Rights, The Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and many other government agencies, working and publishing on civil rights, land use, environmental law, city planning and

July 23, 2009 22 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley affirmative action. An enthusiastic member of the Faculty Club, Mike’s voice has long been heard in the Monks’ Chorus and the club’s Christmas entertainments.

Roger W. Heyns (1918-1995) Chancellor Emeritus Professor Emeritus Roger William Heyns was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, January 27, 1918. He studied at Calvin College (A.B. 1940) and at the University of Michigan (M.A. 1942; Ph.D. in psychology, 1949). He joined the University of Michigan faculty in 1947, receiving the Outstanding Teacher Award in 1952 and the Faculty Distinguished Service Award in 1958. He was appointed dean of the College of Literature, Science, and Arts in 1958 and vice-president for academic affairs in 1962. He came to Berkeley as chancellor in 1965 and left the position in 1971 to become president of the American Council on Education. From 1977 to 1993, he directed the Hewlett- Packard Foundation in Palo Alto.

Roger W. Heyns, the Chancellor who came to Berkeley in 1965 to head a campus in turmoil from student protest and the responses to it, died of heart failure on September 11, 1995, while traveling in Greece. He was 77. With clear educational priorities, appeals to reason, and a warm, self-deprecating wit, Roger Heyns came (in President Clark Kerr's words “like a gift from heaven”) to lead the campus through what was perhaps the most divisive period in its history. When he resigned in 1971, he left behind a generous legacy of academic integrity, organizational stability, and personal civility.

Religion had a significant influence on Roger Heyns' life and outlook. He grew up in a Dutch Calvinist family in Michigan and attended a church-supported school. Shortly after high school graduation an illness (treated as polio, later diagnosed as Guillain-Barre disease) kept him bed- ridden for 18 months, an episode that he said taught him patience and led him to change his college plans and attend nearby Calvin College. It was there, his oral history reveals, that he learned to integrate religion both with his intellectual concerns and his daily life. He was elected student-body president and graduated Phi Beta Kappa. He met Esther Gezon at Calvin College, and they were married in 1941. They had three sons--Michael, John, and Daniel.

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In 1942, after completing two years of graduate study in psychology at the University of Michigan, he enlisted in the Air Force. Four years later, he resumed his graduate studies and in 1949 completed his doctoral work in social psychology. After a year of additional study at Harvard, he began his academic career at the University of Michigan where he taught social psychology and did research in three areas:

John Galen Howard (1864-1931) See architects biographies.

Clark Kerr (1911-2003) President of University 1958-1967 Clark Kerr was the first officer of the Berkeley campus to be designated chancellor. Born at Stony Creek, Pennsylvania, May 17, 1911, he was educated at Swarthmore College (A.B. 1932), Stanford University (M.A. 1933), and the Berkeley campus (Ph.D. in economics, 1939). He taught at Antioch College, Stanford University, and the University of Washington before joining the Berkeley faculty in 1945 as associate professor and later full professor of industrial relations and director of the Institute of Industrial Relations. In 1952, he was named chancellor of the Berkeley campus, a post he occupied until 1958, when he became President of the University. As the first chancellor, he determined the organization and scope of the office; long- range academic and physical development plans (including development of the Student Center complex) were formulated during his administration. He also worked to improve communication between the University and the city of Berkeley.

Kerr earned an A.B. from Swarthmore College in 1932, an M.A. from Stanford University in 1933, and a Ph.D. in economics from UC Berkeley in 1939. In 1945, he became an associate professor of industrial relations and was the founding director of the Institute of Industrial Relations.

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During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Regents of the University of California adopted an anti- communist loyalty oath to be signed by all University of California employees. Kerr signed the oath, but fought against the firing of those who refused to sign. Kerr gained respect from his stance and was named UC Berkeley's first chancellor when that position was created in 1952. As chancellor, Kerr oversaw the construction of 12 high-rise dormitories and was the Regents' choice for president when the position opened in 1958.

Kerr's term as UC president saw the opening of campuses in San Diego, Irvine, and Santa Cruz to accommodate the influx of baby boomers. Faced with a dramatic increase of students entering college, Kerr helped establish the now much-copied California system of having the handful of University of California campuses act as 'top tier' research institutions, the more numerous California State University campuses handle the bulk of undergraduate students and the very numerous California Community College campuses provide vocational and transfer- oriented college programs to the masses.

In 1959, Kerr along with Chancellor Glenn T. Seaborg helped found the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory.

Controversy exploded in 1964 when Berkeley students led the Free Speech Movement in protest of regulations limiting political activities on campus, including protests against the Vietnam war. It culminated in hundreds of arrested students at a sit-in. Kerr’s initial decision was to not expel University of California students that participated in sit-ins off campus. That decision evolved into resistance to expel students who later would protest on campus in a series of escalating events on the Berkeley campus in late 1964. Kerr was criticized both by students for not agreeing to their demands and by conservative UC Regent Edwin Pauley and others for responding too leniently to the student unrest.

In 2002, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that the FBI had blacklisted Kerr as part of a campaign to suppress people at UC deemed subversive. This information had been classified by the FBI and was only released after a fifteen-year legal battle that went all the way to the US Supreme Court. President Lyndon Johnson had picked Kerr to become secretary of Health,

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Education and Welfare but withdrew the nomination after the FBI background check on Kerr included damaging information the agency knew to be false.

Pauley approached the CIA Director John McCone (a Berkeley alum and associate) for assistance. McCone in turn met with FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Hoover agreed to supply Pauley with confidential FBI information on "ultra-liberal" regents, faculty members, and students, and to assist in removing Kerr. Pauley received dozens of briefings from the FBI to this end. The FBI assisted Pauley and Ronald Reagan in painting Kerr as a dangerous "liberal."

Kerr's perceived leniency was key in Reagan's election as Governor of California in 1966 and in Kerr's dismissal as president by the university’s Board of Regents in 1967. In response, Kerr stated that he left the university just as he entered it: "fired with enthusiasm."

Kerr’s second memoir, The Gold and the Blue: A Personal Memoir of the University of California, 1949-1967 Volume Two: Political Turmoil details what he refers to as his greatest blunders in dealing with the Free Speech Movement that ultimately led to his firing.

Following his firing, Kerr served on the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education until 1973 and was chairman of the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education from 1974– 1979.

In 1986, the Clark Kerr Campus of UC Berkeley opened, named in honor of Kerr. A few blocks from the main campus, it includes residences and sports practice facilities. The Spanish-style residential complex houses 700 students and features landscaped gardens and a conference center. It had previously been the California School for the Deaf and Blind, but the University acquired it after a court battle and it was condemned as seismically unsafe.

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Kerr died in his sleep following complications from a fall at age 92. The Clark Kerr Medal is named in his honor.

Wendell Mitchell Latimer (1893-1955) Wendell Mitchell Latimer was one of Gilbert N. Lewis' happiest selections for the building of the Department of Chemistry. He won world recognition as a scientist; and during the period of expansion following World War II, he was largely responsible for selecting the young men who are maintaining the distinguished position of the Department. Chemistry lost one of its versatile contributors on July 6, 1955, when he died at the age of sixty-two. Weakened by successive gall bladder operations, although he appeared for awhile to be recovering satisfactorily, a recurrence of the difficulty weakened him further and he departed in his sleep. He leaves his wife, Glatha (Hatfield) Latimer; a son, Robert Milton Latimer, who is a student of chemistry; a daughter, Mrs. Eleanor L. Colborn; and two grandchildren, Diane and Robert Edgar Colborn.

Latimer was born in Garnett, Kansas, April 22, 1893. He entered the University of Kansas planning to become a lawyer, but finding that he enjoyed mathematics, he sought some subject to which he might apply it. His first contact with chemistry came during his third year at the University. The subject captured his interest and he decided to become a chemist. He received the B.A. degree from the University of Kansas in 1915 and served as Instructor there from 1915- 1917. The reputation of G. N. Lewis and his study of some of Lewis' papers led him to Berkeley for graduate study, and he received the Ph.D. degree here in 1919. His thesis research was concerned with low-temperature calorimetry under the direction of G. E. Gibson. He was retained as a member of the staff and attained the full professorship in 1931. He was Assistant Dean of the College of Letters and Science, 1923-1924; Dean of the College of Chemistry, 1941-1949; and Chairman of the Department of Chemistry, 1945-1949. He served, from time to time, as a member of such major committees of the Academic Senate as Budget and Interdepartmental Relations, Educational Policy, and the Committee on Committees. He was a strong champion of high faculty standards of competence and responsibility. He was Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in Munich in 1930. He was Associate Editor of the Journal of Chemical Physics, 1933-1935; Associate Editor of Chemical Reviews, 1940-1941; and since 1937 was Editor of the Prentice-Hall Chemical Series.

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Latimer was active in National Defense Research Committees from 1941-1945 in the fields of oxygen production, chemical warfare, and plutonium research. He was director of a Manhattan Engineering District project in the Department of Chemistry on the chemistry of plutonium from 1943 to 1947, and has been a leader of research in the Radiation Laboratory. He supervised war work on the effect of meteorological conditions upon the behavior of toxic gases. This activity led him to England in 1943, and to Panama, Australia, and New Guinea in 1944. After the war he served as a member of the Office of Naval Research Panel on Research Contracts on Chemistry, 1949-1952; of the Special Weapons Panel of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1949-1951; and the Army Chemical Research Board, 1946-1951.

Latimer had a stimulating effect on his colleagues and students. He was mainly responsible for initiating a seminar on nuclear chemistry that interested such men as Libby, Seaborg, Wahl, and Kennedy and helped lay the foundation for the discovery of plutonium. The first separation and identification of the new element plutonium depended on the relative oxidation potentials of the heaviest elements, and the fact that Latimer was available for consultation contributed to the discovery of this extremely important element.

Latimer received the United States Presidential Certificate of Merit for his contributions during World War II. At the time of his death, he was looking forward to attending meetings of the International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Zurich, and the State Department's Atoms for Peace Conference in Geneva later that year.

His first paper, published in 1920 and entitled Polarity and Ionization from the Standpoint of the Lewis Theory of Valence, with W. H. Rodebush as coauthor, was one of his most important. It contained the first clear recognition of the hydrogen bond as distinct from ordinary dipoles. The properties of numerous substances, including water, are largely determined by hydrogen bonding. The basic idea has found very wide and rapidly increasing application. For example, Linus Pauling, in his book The Nature of the Chemical Bond, devotes some fifty pages to the discussion of examples of hydrogen bonding, and he states: “I believe that as the methods of structural chemistry are further applied to physiological problems it will be found that the

July 23, 2009 28 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley significance of the hydrogen bond for physiology is greater than that of any other single structural feature.”

Latimer's some one hundred scientific contributions are largely concerned with the application of thermodynamics to chemistry. However, he worked on such diverse subjects as dielectric constants, coefficients of expansion at low temperatures, thermoelectric effect and electronic entropy, the ionization of salt vapors, radioactivity, and astrochemical processes involved in the formation of the earth.

He was the first in the United States to liquefy hydrogen and to make measurements in that region of temperature. His leadership had a major influence on the subsequent work of W. F. Giauque, who extended the field to even lower temperatures. He used low-temperature data in conjunction with the third law of thermodynamics to determine the entropies and free energies of aqueous ions. This work supplied much of the material included in his outstanding book, Oxidation Potentials (1938 and 1952). He wrote A Course in General Chemistry with W. C. Bray, and Reference Book of Inorganic Chemistry with J. H. Hildebrand.

Latimer was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and Chairman of the Chemistry Section in 1947-1950, of the American Chemical Society, the Electrochemical Society, the Faraday Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and Sigma Xi. He received the Distinguished Service Award of the University of Kansas in 1948, and the Nichols Medal of the New York Section of the American Chemical Society in 1955. He was elected Faculty Research Lecturer of the University of California in 1953.

George Davis Louderback (1874-1957) Professor of Geology, Emeritus Dean of the College of Letters and Science George Davis Louderback was born on April 6, 1874, in San Francisco, the son of Davis and Frances Caroline (Smith) Louderback. He graduated from Boy's High School (now Lowell) in San Francisco in 1892 and then entered the University of California, from which he received the

July 23, 2009 29 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley degree of A.B. in 1896 and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1899. Dr. Louderback married Clara Augusta Henry on October 3, 1899. His classmate in the University, she was a devoted wife and inspiring companion throughout his life. Louderback's first teaching position was as Assistant in Minerology in the University of California from 1897 to 1900. He then taught at the University of Nevada from 1900 to 1906 and also was Research Assistant of the Carnegie Institution, 1903-1905. In 1906 Louderback returned to the Berkeley campus as Assistant Professor of Geology. He became Associate Professor in 1907 and Professor in 1917. From 1920 to 1922 and again from 1930 to 1939 Professor Louderback was Dean of the College of Letters and Science.

While at the University of Nevada, Professor Louderback began studies of the structure of the Great Basin, particularly of the Basin ranges. He also investigated the gypsum deposits of Nevada and the Mesozoic formations of southern Oregon. Shortly after his return to Berkeley he identified, described, and named the gem Benitoite and discussed its mode of occurrence; he also named and described the associated new mineral Joaquinite. This contribution is considered one of the finest descriptions of a new mineral ever published. He also wrote a paper on the relation of radioactivity to vulcanism, and undertook a study of the glaucophane and associated schists of the Coast Ranges. He also cooperated in the study of the effects of the earthquake of 1906. Subsequently he began an intensive stratigraphic and structural study of Mount Diablo which continued through several years. In 1913 he published an important memoir on the Monterey Series in California. During this period of research he began a study of sedimentation in San Francisco Bay which engaged his attention intermittently throughout his life.

From 1914-1916 Louderback headed an expedition into the interior of China to investigate the possibilities of the occurrence of petroleum in that region, initially for private interests but subsequently under a commission from the Chinese government, and in 1916 he traveled in the Philippine Islands.

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During World War I Louderback was Chairman of the Committee on Geology and Mineral Resources of the State Council of Defense and was in charge of cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, the United States Bureau of Mines, and the State Council of Defense in investigations of the occurrence of California minerals yielding metals. From 1920 to 1924 he served on the Committee on Sedimentation of the Division of Geology and Geography of the National Research Council. He also resumed his studies on the structure of the Basin Ranges in Nevada and published three notable papers. In later years he was concerned with practical problems of construction, such as the foundations of large dams. Professor Louderback's research was recognized by his election as Faculty Research Lecturer, 1940. His influence still is felt through the students he trained.

Professor Louderback was a participant in the movement after World War I which resulted in the creation of the Academic Senate and devoted his administrative ability and critical judgment on behalf of progressive University government.

He served as Chairman of the Committee on Budget and Interdepartmental Relations and also as Chairman of the Committee on Committees. Upon the creation of Northern and Southern Sections of the Senate, Professor Louderback served as Chairman of the Special Committee on Reorganization of Academic Government. When Santa Barbara College was acquired by The Regents, Professor Louderback served on the Advisory Administrative Board for the College. He was Vice-Chairman of the Northern Section of the Academic Senate in 1933-1934 and from December, 1942, to June, 1945. Professor Louderback was truly the Nestor of the Academic Senate. After his retirement in 1944, the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him in 1946 by the University.

Professor Louderback was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and also of the Geological Society of America, in the Cordilleran Section of which he held office. He was a member of the Seismological Society of America, of which he was first Secretary and later President in 1914 and 1929-1935; of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers; of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists; of the Society of Economic Geologists; of the California Academy of Sciences; of the Washington Academy of

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Sciences; of the Mineralogical Society of America; of the American Geophysical Union; of the American Geographical Society; of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. He was a delegate to the Pacific Science Congress, Java, 1929, and from 1935 was editor of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

Professor Louderback was a member of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity; of Theta Tau geological and mining professional fraternity; of Phi Beta Kappa; of Sigma Xi; of Tau Beta Pi; of Phi Lambda Upsilon. He belonged to the Faculty Club and was President thereof from 1939 to 1946; to the Kosmos Club; to the Berkeley City Commons Club; to the Athenian-Nile Club of Oakland; to the LeConte Geological Club; and to the Commonwealth, Engineers, Sierra, and Bohemian clubs of San Francisco.

Professor Louderback died in Berkeley on January 27, 1957, and is survived by his wife. During his long career he saw the University of California grow from an isolated small college into a statewide University, and through his wisdom and devotion contributed in large measure to that development. He was one of the founders of the scientific tradition of the University of California and the most influential statesman in academic government of his era.

Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1946) Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23, 1875 - March 23, 1946) was a famous American physical chemist known for his 1902 Lewis dot structures, his paper "The Atom and the Molecule", which is the foundation of modern valence bond theory, developed in coordination with Irving Langmuir, and his 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances, written in coordination with Merle Randall, one of the founding books in chemical thermodynamics. In 1926, Lewis coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy.

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After earning his Ph.D., he stayed as an instructor for a year before taking a traveling fellowship, studying under the physical chemist Wilhelm Ostwald at Leipzig and Walther Nernst at Göttingen. He then returned to Harvard as an instructor for three more years, and in 1904 left to become superintendent of weights and measures for the Bureau of Science of the Philippine Islands in Manila. The next year he returned to Cambridge when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) appointed him to a faculty position, in which he had a chance to join a group of outstanding physical chemists under the direction of Arthur Amos Noyes. He quickly rose in rank, becoming assistant professor in 1907, associate professor on 1908, and full professor in 1911. He left MIT to become professor of physical chemistry and dean of the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley in 1912. Lewis Hall at Berkeley, built in 1948, is named in his honor.

In 1908 he published the first of several papers on relativity, in which he derived the mass- energy relationship in a different way from Albert Einstein's derivation. He also introduced the thermodynamic concept of fugacity in a paper, "The osmotic pressure of concentrated solutions, and the laws of the perfect solution," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 30, 668-683 (1908). On June 21, 1912, he married Mary Hinckley Sheldon, daughter of a Harvard professor of Romance languages. They had two sons, both of whom became chemistry professors, and a daughter.

In 1913, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, but in 1934 he resigned in a dispute over the internal politics of that institution.

In 1916, he formulated the idea that a covalent bond consisted of a shared pair of electrons and defined the term odd molecule when an electron is not shared. His ideas on chemical bonding were expanded upon by Irving Langmuir and became the inspiration for the studies on the nature of the chemical bond by Linus Pauling. This year he published what became known as the Lewis structure and the Cubical atom model.

In 1919, by studying the magnetic properties of solutions of oxygen in liquid nitrogen, he found that O4 molecules were formed. This was the first evidence for tetratomic oxygen.

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In 1923, he formulated the electron-pair theory of acid-base reactions. In the so-called Lewis theory of acids and bases, a "Lewis acid" is an electron-pair acceptor and a "Lewis base" is an electron-pair donor. This year he also published his book Valence and the structure of atoms and molecules.

Based on work by J. Willard Gibbs, it was known that chemical reactions proceeded to an equilibrium determined by the free energy of the substances taking part. Lewis spent 25 years determining free energies of various substances. In 1923 he and Merle Randall published the results of this study, which helped formalize modern chemical thermodynamics. In 1926, he coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy.

Lewis was the first to produce a pure sample of deuterium oxide (heavy water) in 1933. By accelerating deuterons (deuterium nuclei) in Ernest O. Lawrence's cyclotron, he was able to study many of the properties of atomic nuclei. During the 1930s, he was faculty advisor and mentor to Glenn T. Seaborg, who was retained for post-doctoral work as Lewis' personal research assistant before going on to win the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and have the element Seaborgium named in his honor.

In the last years of his life, he established that phosphorescence of organic molecules involves an excited triplet state (a state in which electrons that would normally be paired with opposite spins are instead excited to have their spin vectors in the same direction) and measured the magnetic properties of this triplet state.

During his career he published on many other subjects besides those mentioned in this article, ranging from the nature of light quanta to the economics of price stabilization. He died at age 70 of a heart attack while working in his laboratory in Berkeley. He had been working on an experiment with liquid hydrogen cyanide, and deadly fumes from a broken line were leaking into the laboratory when a graduate student found the professor's lifeless body under a workbench. The coroner said Gilbert N. Lewis died of coronary artery disease; however, some believe that the death may have been a suicide. UC Berkeley Professor Emeritus William

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Jolly, who reported the various views on Gilbert N. Lewis' death in his 1987 history of the University of California, Berkeley’s College of Chemistry, From Retorts to Lasers, said one higher-up in the department believed the suicide theory.

A possible explanation for the suicide theories was depression following a lunch with Irving Langmuir. On the day of Gilbert N. Lewis' death, Irving Langmuir and Gilbert N. Lewis met for lunch at the University of California, Berkeley. It was reported by associates that Gilbert N. Lewis came back from the meeting in a dark mood. He reportedly sat down for a morose game of bridge with some colleagues, and then went back to work in his lab. An hour later, Gilbert N. Lewis was dead. Irving Langmuir's papers at the Library of Congress confirm that Irving Langmuir was on the University of California, Berkeley campus that day. Irving Langmuir had gone to the University of California, Berkeley to receive an honorary degree.

Edmond O’Neill (1858-1933) Club President 1910-1918 University of California--Bachelor of Philosophy, 1879; Doctor of Laws, 1932 Instructor in Chemistry, University of California--1879-1890 Assistant Professor of Chemistry--1890-1895 Associate Professor of Organic and Physiological Chemistry--1895-1907 Professor of Inorganic Chemistry--1907-1912 Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Director of the Chemical Laboratory--1912-1925 Professor of Inorganic Chemistry Emeritus--1925-1933

William Popper (1874-1963) William Popper died on June 3, 1963, at the age of eighty-nine, while engaged in the reading of proofs of his latest publication. With his death came to an end a brilliant career of one of the greatest figures among American Orientalists.

He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 29, 1874. He was a student at Columbia University where he received degrees of A.B. in 1896, A.M. in 1897, and his Ph.D. in 1899

July 23, 2009 35 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley under Richard Gottheil, with a doctoral dissertation on “The Censorship of Hebrew Books.” The next three years were spent abroad; in Europe he studied at the Universities of Strassburg (1899-1900), Berlin (1900), and in Paris (1900-1901) at the Collège de France, École des Hautes Études and École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, Paris, under such outstanding scholars as H. Derenbourg, J. Euting, and Th. Noeldeke. The final year of his stay abroad (1901-1902) was devoted to extensive travel and study in the Near East, Egypt, Iraq, Palestine, and Syria.

On his return to America he served for three years (1902-1905) as Associate Editor and Chief of the Bureau of Translation of the Jewish Encyclopedia. For the last two years of this period (as well as later in 1919-1920) he was also Gustav Gottheil Lecturer in Semitic Languages at Columbia University; between 1904 and 1905 he functioned in addition as Acting Chief of the Oriental Department of the New York Public Library.

William Popper was married in 1907 to Tess Magnes, sister of Dr. Judah L. Magnes who became in 1925 the first President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; she passed away in 1942. Their four children are Ruth Magnes Eisen, Joel, Daniel, and William Jr.

In 1905 he was invited to join the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley. From the rank of Instructor (1905) he moved swiftly up to Assistant Professor (1906), to Associate Professor (1916) and was appointed Professor of Semitic Languages in 1922, and Chairman of the Department of Semitic Languages (now called Department of Near Eastern Languages)--a post he held until his retirement as Professor Emeritus in 1945.

When Professor Popper joined the faculty at Berkeley, the field of Semitic and Arabic studies was very much in its infancy in Berkeley and in American universities in general. It was only with William Popper's arrival on the scene in California, in 1905, that the field of Semitic philology was widened in scope and substance, and was put on a firm and solid foundation. It was fortunate that at this juncture (1905) the Editorial Committee of the University of California Press

July 23, 2009 36 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley decided to establish a Semitic series known as the University of California Publications in Semitic Philology, of which Popper was designated its editor.

During his active association with the University of California, Popper gave courses in Hebrew, Arabic, and Syriac, and in Islamic history and unfolded his unique qualifications as a stimulating teacher.

Among the organizations of which he was a member are the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; the Société Asiatique; the American Oriental Society; the Palestine Oriental Society, Jerusalem; the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis; and the History of Science Society.

From the very beginning of his association with the University of California, Popper devoted his time to research and he soon became an internationally recognized scholar in Hebrew and Arabic studies.

His research centered mainly around two great and distinctly different personalities, namely Isaiah, the son of Amoz of Judea, the great Biblical prophet of the eighth century B.C., and Ibn Taghrī Birdī, the eminent historian of Mamluk Egypt of the fifteenth century A.D., (d. 1470).

In the field of Biblical research, he subjected the Book of Isaiah to a thorough literary and stylistic investigation as a result of which appeared his important work entitled, Studies in Biblical Parallelism, Parallelism in Isaiah, (Ch. 1-35 and Ch. 37, 22-35). In it he examined most minutely the Hebrew poetical style of the prophetic writings and showed how the prophetic portions of the Bible rest on the principal of internal parallelism. In enforcing boldly the parallelistic structure, he was led to propose quite a few emendations “according to the demands of Parallelism” in the text of Isaiah. He followed up his studies with the publication of a reconstructed Hebrew text of Isaiah as conceived by him, and supplied, also, a new English

July 23, 2009 37 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley translation entitled The Prophetic Poetry of Isaiah (Chapters 1-37), Translated in Parallelism from a Revised Hebrew Text.

Popper's lifetime work was, however, in the field of Arabic studies, and was devoted to the critical edition of Arabic manuscripts of The History of Egypt under Mohammedan Rule, by Abu'l Mahāsin Yūsuf Ibn Taghrī Birdī (1410-1470), one of Egypt's greatest historians and the outstanding authority of Mamluk Egypt's history during the fifteenth century.

Popper's contribution to Islamic scholarship can be divided into three major phases: 1. The critical edition of Ibn Taghrī Birdī's Nujum and part of the Hawadith. 2. The translation into English of Ibn Taghrī Birdī's Annals covering the history of Egypt and Syria under the Circassian Sultans from 1382-1469. 3. Monographs and notes on various aspects of Mamluk Egypt as a “by-product” of his research.

In surveying Popper's life work in the field of Arabic studies one cannot help feeling that he was indeed fortunate and privileged, as very few, to live and see the completion and fruition of his great research project, which conceived over a half a century ago was so brilliantly carried out with extraordinary patience, perseverance, and tenacity and with a unique devotion and dedication for which scholarship everywhere will be forever indebted to this great master of Arabic.

Despite his devotion to his research and teaching he gave generously and willingly an extraordinary amount of time and superb service to a great variety of University and faculty activities. From 1922 until his retirement in 1945 he served as Chairman of the Department of Semitic Languages and from about 1932-1935 also as Chairman of the Department of Oriental Languages. The list of committees of which he was an active member is far too extensive to be enumerated. As Chairman of the Committee of Music and Drama for thirteen years, he was in direct charge of all musical and dramatic activities under the auspices of the University, and in

July 23, 2009 38 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley this capacity he not only selected artists and lecturers to be presented but also arranged the multiplicity of details involved in such productions. The most important service he could render to the University administration was through his membership on the Committee on Budget and Interdepartmental Relations, on which he served altogether for eleven years, for five years as Chairman. In it he played a major role in guiding University policy in the selection and advancement of personnel.

His modesty, his human qualities, his discretion and balanced judgment made him the confidant of Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Chancellors, Deans of the University, and faculty, who turned to him for advice in many vital matters.

In 1930, he was honored by the whole faculty, who elected him Faculty Research Lecturer for this year.

In 1951, a tribute was paid to him by many of his colleagues and associates in honor of his 75th birthday, in the form of a Jubilee volume entitled Semitic and Oriental Studies, comprising thirty- three scholarly articles indicating the wide range of research conducted on the Berkeley campus on aspects of Semitic and Oriental civilizations, as a deep appreciation of his long and meritorious service as an inspiring teacher and as a scholar with the highest standards of thoroughness and accuracy.

On June 15, 1951, he was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the University of California in recognition of his achievements. But Popper's greatest satisfaction must have been the almost universal recognition of his work by the international community of scholars. It may suffice to mention but G. Sarton's evaluation: “In an age of chaos, of desultory scholarship and meretricious work, Dr. Popper is offering us an admirable example of concentration and tenacity. He will be remembered as long as Ibn Taghrī Birdī, and much longer.”

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The search for justice, the respect for the dignity of man, so loftily expressed by Isaiah, together with Ibn Taghrī Birdī's favorite maxim, “Under all circumstances the truth must be told,” have been Popper's guiding principles all through his life as demonstrated in his teaching, his research, and in the performance of those manifold administrative assignments, and in his relationship to his students, associates, and colleagues.

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912-1999) Professor Emeritus University Professor Chancellor Emeritus Glenn Theodore Seaborg, the second chancellor at Berkeley, was born at Ishpeming, Michigan, April 19, 1912, and attended the Los Angeles campus (A.B. 1934) and Berkeley (Ph.D. in chemistry, 1937). From 1937, he was engaged in teaching and research at Berkeley; in 1941, he was an assistant professor and later full professor of chemistry. On leave to the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1946, he was connected with the Manhattan Project, returning to Berkeley to direct nuclear chemical research (1946-54). He became associate director of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in 1954 and also served as Berkeley chancellor from 1958 to 1961, when he was appointed to the chairmanship of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, a position he held until he returned to the Berkeley campus in 1971. He resumed his associate directorship of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, was named University Professor of Chemistry, and was appointed the first Chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science in 1984. He was co-discoverer of nine transuranium elements, including plutonium, and two fissionable isotopes and was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1951. The campus academic plan was first put into effect under his administration; the physical plan was carried forward with the construction of a number of buildings, including Kroeber Hall, the Student Union, and the Dining Commons. He died in 1999.

Glenn T. Seaborg, world-renowned nuclear chemist, educator, scientific advisor to 10 United States presidents, humanitarian, and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1951), passed away at his home in Lafayette, California, on Feb. 25, 1999, following a stroke suffered while attending the American Chemical Society meeting in Boston in August, 1998. Seaborg, who was Chancellor

July 23, 2009 40 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley at UC Berkeley from 1958 to 1961, is probably best known for his co-discovery of plutonium (1941) and nine other transuranium elements, the formulation of the actinide concept (1945), his chairmanship of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (1961-71), and his tireless efforts to improve U.S. science education at all levels.

Seaborg was born on April 19, 1912 in Ishpeming, Michigan, of Swedish ancestry. He attended school there until he was 10 years old when his family moved to a small town near Los Angeles. He completed high school in the Los Angeles suburb of Watts in 1929, and then attended UCLA, where he received an A.B. in chemistry in 1934. He was admitted to graduate study in the Chemistry Department at UC Berkeley and received a Ph.D. in spring, 1937, in the depth of the Depression, but was soon asked by Professor G. N. Lewis to serve as his personal research assistant.

The first chemical separation and positive identification of plutonium as plutonium-238 was accomplished in February 1941 by Seaborg; fellow instructor, Joseph W. Kennedy; Seaborg's first graduate student, Arthur C. Wahl; and E. M. McMillan.

Irving Stringham (1847-1909) Club president 1902-1909 As recently as 1984, Paul Halmos in his "automathography" I Want to Be a Mathematician heaped contempt on what he considered the childish "ln" notation, which he said no mathematician had ever used. The notation was in fact invented in 1893 by Irving Stringham, professor of mathematics at Berkeley. As of 2005, many mathematicians have adopted the "ln" notation, but most use "log".

In this Centennial year we continue to look at individuals who have a special resonance in the history of the Club. This month we are honoring Irving Stringham. If anyone can be singled out as the founder of the Faculty Club, it is Professor Stringham. He graduated from Harvard College in 1877, at the advanced age of 30, and his biographers note that he was looked up to as a respected older brother to whom other students turned for advice. He completed his doctorate in mathematics at John Hopkins University, and after two years studying in Leipzig,

July 23, 2009 41 Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley took up professorship at Berkeley in 1882. At that time the University had only 215 students and a faculty 27! He rose to be Dean of the College of Letters and Science. In 1901 Professor Stringham was appointed chair of a committee on the Berkeley campus. He guided the committee through its dealings with the Regents that resulted in the nascent Club's getting "permission to occupy a portion of the University grounds in Strawberry Canyon adjoining the Dining Association building." (This Association had formerly served students as well as faculty operation.) Professor Stringham was instrumental in getting Bernard Maybeck to volunteer his services as architect of the new club house, to be built at cost "not to exceed $2,000." The new building was dedicated in September, 1902. (The original building now makes up the western half of the Great Hall- the part with the fireplace and gabled ceiling.) Over the first decade the Clubs' existence, Professor Stringham served as president, working on the formulation of Club bylaws as well as handling practical matters of seeking financing and plans for further growth. In 1904 the building was expanded to include the current bar, the upstairs library-conference room, and the Tower room. By the time Professor Stringham stepped down from his presidency a further addition-the present Howard and Chernin lounges, and the residence (now hotel) rooms above them had been built to designs by John Galen Howard. Thus Professor Stringham presided over the foundation of the Club as an institution and the building of the core of the building, the part that most people think of when they think of the Club. Truly "Our Founder."

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E. A CARTOON

Historic Structure Report Faculty Club, University of California at Berkeley

E. A CARTOON

UC Berkeley yearbook, Blue and Gold, illustration in the Great Hall by Jack M. Levy, 1904. (Boola Boola is one of Yale's football fighting songs. Contrary to popular myth, "boola boola" doesn't mean anything. The author was 1901 Yale graduate Allan M. Hirsh, who adapted the song from an 1898 song called "La Hoola Boola." )

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