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PC Senegal Community Health Manual

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PC Senegal Community Health Manual PC Senegal Community Health Manual 2014 Edition Contributors APCD-Health Mamadou Diaw PTA-Health Adji Thiaw PTA-Health Imane Sène Contributing authors to the 2014 Edition PCV-HE Erica Berlin PCV-HE Claire Cravero PCV-HE Sophie Danner PCV-HE Jacqueline Gerson PCV-HE Erin Maurer PCVL-HE Sarah Legare PCV-HE Patrick Linn PCV-HE Katherine Okonski PCV-CED Gregory Porter PCVL-HE Courtney Pederson PCVL-CED Anthony Scavone PCV-HE Christopher Uller PCV-HE Katherine Van Es PCV-HE Katie Wallner PCV-HE Rachel Zorn Illustrators to the 2014 Edition: PCV-HE Kimberly Brown PCV-HE Alexia Kime Graphic Editors to the 2014 Edition: PCV-HE Callen Blackburn PCV-HE Christopher Uller Editor to the 2014 Edition: PCV-HE Rachel Zorn The PC Senegal Community Health Manual is a continual work in progress. As you read this manual and use it in the field, please make note of the information that is particularly useful, or any areas where your experiences are contradicted by information found here. For updates to the 2014 edition, please send any comments, critiques, corrections or praises to Health PTA Adji Thiaw at [email protected] Table of Contents 1 Public Health and Senegal ............................................................................................................. 3 Fundamentals of Public Health .................................................................................................... 3 Current State of Health in Senegal ............................................................................................... 6 The Senegalese Health System ................................................................................................... 13 2 Behavior Change Theory ............................................................................................................. 21 Thinking about Behavior Change in the Field ............................................................................. 22 Activities ..................................................................................................................................... 22 3 Malaria ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Science of Malaria ...................................................................................................................... 28 Global Malaria Dynamics ............................................................................................................ 31 STOMP Malaria Initiative ............................................................................................................ 35 Malaria in Senegal ...................................................................................................................... 36 Malaria Prevention ..................................................................................................................... 39 Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment .............................................................................................. 45 Malaria in Pregnancy .................................................................................................................. 52 4 Nutrition ...................................................................................................................................... 54 Basic Nutrition ............................................................................................................................ 54 Maternal Health and Nutrition ................................................................................................... 59 Infant Feeding ............................................................................................................................. 60 Child Weaning and Complementary Feeding ............................................................................. 64 Malnutrition ............................................................................................................................... 66 Malnutrition Treatment ............................................................................................................. 69 Growth Monitoring: A child who grows well is healthy ............................................................. 72 5 Common Childhood Illnesses ...................................................................................................... 79 Diarrheal Diseases ...................................................................................................................... 79 Pneumonia ................................................................................................................................. 81 Other Common Childhood Illnesses ........................................................................................... 82 Infant Vaccinations ..................................................................................................................... 85 6 Family Planning ............................................................................................................................ 88 The Menstrual Cycle and Family Planning .................................................................................. 89 Introduction to Family Planning ................................................................................................. 90 Common Barriers........................................................................................................................ 98 Opportunities ........................................................................................................................... 100 1 7 Secondary Project Areas ........................................................................................................... 103 HIV/AIDS Prevention ................................................................................................................ 103 Reproductive Health ................................................................................................................ 108 8 Opportunities for Collaboration ................................................................................................ 120 Peace Corps Cross Sector Collaboration .................................................................................. 120 The Senegalese Education System ........................................................................................... 122 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 130 Print References/Suggested Readings ......................................................................................... 138 Online Resources ......................................................................................................................... 139 Index............................................................................................................................................. 143 Appendix A: Peace Corps Senegal Community Health Project Framework………………..……….…………I Appendix B: Observation and Recording………………………………………………………………….…………………VI Appendix C: Non-Formal Education in Senegal………………………………………………………………………....XII Appendix D: PECADOM Plus……………………………………………………………………………………………………..XIV Appendix E: Peace Care…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….XV Appendix F: WASH Activities…………………………………………………………………………………………………….XVI Appendix G: French Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………………..XXXIV 2 1 Public Health and Senegal Fundamentals of Public Health Public Health is the science field dedicated to promoting health and well-being, and preventing disease within the human population to ultimately increase the quality of our livelihood and life span. Public Health does not focus on individual patients or diseases, but rather a given population and health system. The discipline is community-centered in its interventions and seeks to improve the health status of whole populations. Public Health interventions are multifaceted and interdisciplinary in their nature, as they permeate the health system at every level from local to international standards of care and protocol. Interventions include: policy revisions and implementation of new regulations; improvements in the relevancy of primary care and technical knowledge of health workers; and the adoption of healthy behaviors within a community. The arena for public health programs is within the whole community and not reserved just for the doctor’s office. As a result, public health interventions require collaboration with various professionals from related fields such as Medicine, Law, Economics and Sociology. There are five main core subject areas of public health studies and methodology: Epidemiology – The study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and health- related behaviors Biostatistics – The application of statistical analysis of biological events to assess disease presence, cause and effect Health Care Management and Policy – The inquiry and improvement of the delivery, quality and cost of health care for individuals and communities Health Promotion – Addresses the social, cultural and behavioral factors as they relate to the presence of disease and uptake of health behaviors of individuals and whole populations throughout entire life spans Environmental Health Sciences – The study of biological, chemical and physical factors and their effects on the health status of populations Examples of historical public health campaigns
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