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2019 4th International Social Sciences and Education Conference (ISSEC 2019) Constructing Visual Images in the Urban Space of Chengdu under the Remodeling of Tianfu Culture Xiaoshan Ding School of Marxism, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Keywords: visual construction of urban space; Tianfu culture; Chengdu. Abstract: The visual construction of urban space can reflect urban culture as well as the character of the city. History has endowed Chengdu with profound urban culture and formed unique visual images of urban space. To build a unique city brand in the new era, Chengdu must rely on the Tianfu culture and highlight its features. The construction of visual image needs to focus on following aspects: the construction of a park city, the specialization of blocks, as well as the shaping of artistic city landmarks. 1. Introduction Visual construction of urban space combines visual communication with the spatial structure of cities. It is a scientific, holistic and pluralistic study on the identification system of a specific environment. The research of urban spatial vision has not been paid enough attention in the practice of urban construction in recent decades. The rapid development of cities has led to the identity of urban images. Designers usually neglect users’ spatial experience and feelings. Therefore, the visual construction of urban space is particularly important in urban planning and construction today. In the new era, Chengdu should establish well-recognized and distinct cultural images. The creation of visual images of urban space is particularly important for the establishment of urban cultural image. How to make use of the capital of Tianfu (means “city in the heaven”) culture and create visual images which can reflect historical continuity and innovation of the times, is an important issue to be discussed. 2. The Connotation of Visual Images of Urban Space Yi-fu Duan once pointed out, “human vision has the strongest spatial recognition ability. Because of the long-term usage of this perception, we regard the world as a space entity clearly defined by lines, surfaces and bodies.” A city is a complex space system. The urban space is not only the space being used, but also the landscape being viewed. It has both functional orders and visual orders. Urban spatial vision is not only the intuitive display of urban images, but also an important perspective for people to understand and interpret the changes of city development and the establishment of urban images. With the rapid development, now many cities are built identically and lack visual recognition. The core purpose of the visual image of urban space is to shape the unique charm of different cities, to show the beauty of cities, and to create more happiness for people living in it. How to realize the construction of visual images in urban space? The key is to tap resources from urban culture and integrate them into the characteristics of the times, so as to highlight the characteristics of the city and make it distinguishable from other cities. 3. Spatial Visual Images of Chengdu in the History Chengdu is a famous historical and cultural city with the history of thousands of years. History has endowed the city with profound urban culture, nurtured the cultural atmosphere of harmony and inclusive between man and nature, and formed unique visual images of urban space. Copyright © (2019) Francis Academic Press, UK 321 DOI: 10.25236/issec.2019.066 3.1 The visual image of urban space surrounded by two rivers Ancient Chengdu was a city with dense rivers and beautiful environment. “The two rivers encircle the city; the two rivers run through the city. There are canals surrounding streets, and dense streams distributed in the city”. The water system led to the overall development of the city, and the water city pattern was formed in that process. The dense rivers and lakes as well as the flowing waterways endow the city with unique features. Many extremely beautiful pictures were formed. Examples include, “living in the shadow of green locust trees, there is a bridge over the spring water near my gate”, and “My window is framed the snow-capped peak of Mount West; close by my door are moored boats from faraway Wu”. Jinjiang is the mother river of Chengdu. Historically, there were many gardens built along the Jinjiang River, forming many poetic landmarks related to water, such as the Wangjiang Tower, the Hejiang Pavilion, the Jiuyan Bridge, the Sima Bridge, and the Songxian Bridge. These landmarks carried special meanings. For example, in the Song Dynasty, the Wanli Bridge became a meaningful and representative landmark of Chengdu. Ji Zhang wrote a poem, saying, “There are many restaurants beside the Wanli Bridge. Which one do visitors like to choose?” The Wanli Bridge in this poem not only refers to Chengdu, but also becomes a symbol of parting. With so many symbols complementing and enriching each other, the constructed landscape conveys the concept of “harmony” as a whole. People in Shu (the ancient name of Sichuan Province) enjoyed visiting gardens, and formed an optimistic, confident and elegant attitude towards life. 3.2 The image of a flourishing city combining temples and markets Roads to Sichuan are dangerous, but Chengdu has always been an open and prosperous city since ancient times. In Han Dynasty it was one of the “five metropolises”; in the Tang Dynasty, “Yangzhou was the most prospers city of China while Chengdu ranked the second.” The close combination of temples and markets embodies the cultural spirit of opening and integration in Chengdu. Since ancient times, there have been many famous temples built in Chengdu, such as the Wenshu Monastery, the Zhaojue Temple and the Daci Temple. An Overview of Chengdu made a survey on temples in this city. During the reign of Guangxu Emperor of Qing Dynasty, there were 155 temples built in the city of Chengdu, as well as 210 temples built outside the city and in surrounding countries. The Daci Temple is the most famous ancient temple. Built in the Tang Dynasty, the Daci Temple is place where the eminent monk Xuanzang was ordained. It has a tradition of sermon. The temple witnessed the grand scene of millions of people listening to sermon in a single day. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were drug markets, silkworm markets, incense markets, fan markets and Qibao (seven treasure stones in Buddhism) markets around the Daci Temple. In Song Dynasty, Zhi-chun Li recorded that, “people from all directions gather near the Daci Temple. Some people are performing on the streets; some are selling precious and exquisite goods. This place is bustling.” It can be seen temples have become places for leisure and communication among citizens, which reflects the natural integration of religious culture and civic culture. Because of the characteristics of opening and integration, Chengdu is a very vibrant city. Today, such expressions like the Daci Temple Business Circle and the Wenshu Monastery Business Circle are frequently used in newspapers, which show the far-reaching influence. 3.3 The collection of cultural landmarks The cultural spirit of innovation, creation and worship of culture and religion in Tianfu culture is reflected in many cultural landmarks such as the Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum, the Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall, the Wangjiang Tower Park and the Huaxi Dam in urban space vision. Chengdu is a center of humanities and celebrities. It is the birthplace of many famous writers such as Xiang-ru Si-ma and Xiong Yang, and fosters the Chengdu culture of “pursuing elegance” and “admiring scholars”. The Wenweng Shi Shi founded in the Han Dynasty was the earliest official local school in China. From the “Wenweng Shi Shi” to the “Jinjiang Academy” in the Qing Dynasty, and from the “Chengdu Normal School” and “Chengdu Middle School” in the modern times to today’s “Chengdu Shi Shi High School”, schools have been built in the same place for 322 more than two thousand years; tens of thousands of talents have been cultivated. This place becomes a well-deserved cultural landmark of Chengdu. 4. The Visual Construction of Urban Space in Chengdu under the Remodeling of Tianfu Culture 4.1 The construction of a park city Howard, Emerson and others persevered in finding a way to combine the high level of material civilization with the concept of protecting nature and the garden world. They attached great importance to the quality of people’s living environment in the construction of an ideal country. Lynch also pointed out that “in a vivid environment, the same daily activities will certainly have a new meaning”. The overall spatial structure of the city is the primary feature of urban space. In history, Chengdu was a water city. Water endowed the soul of the city as well as the peaceful, inclusive and relaxed attitude of Chengdu people. With the rapid development of the city, people’s life rhythm is speeding up, but they still have the strong desire to relax in nature. In 2018, Jin-ping Xi went to Chengdu and put forward the concept of building a “park city”. The construction of a park city under the remodeling of Tianfu culture has been put on the agenda. The emphasis of the construction is to restore the visual sense of the water city. At present, Chengdu is still surrounded by two rivers; large-scale ecological lakes such as the Qinglong Lake, the Jincheng Lake and the Bailuwan Wetland are built. They not only improve the urban ecological environment, but also highlight the beauty of urban spatial vision. For example, covering an area of 4000 mu, the Qinglong Lake Wetland Park is the largest ecological lake in the central city of Chengdu.
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