DOCSLIB.ORG

Making a World of Difference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Making a World of Difference UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE 这是我的英文自传。我决定把整本书从收费的 Amazon 转换成免费分享。昨晚修改 格式后（内容丝毫未变）。任何一本书不可能没有错误，如果您看到错误，请留言， 一定修改。谢谢！ 这本英文自传不是逐句翻译，而是被写成更符合美国人阅读喜好和习惯，或者更容 易被理解接受的版本。中文版谈到更多美国（如：美国各州各公司的介绍），英文 版谈到更多中国（如：条幅对联的解释，中国历史等）。英文内容还增加了一些内 容：谷歌退出中国、我的日记节选等。其实希望做好中美沟通的桥梁纽带，让双方 信息更对等。 这本书的译者 Crystal Tai（卢静琪）是斯坦福大学毕业，中英文都能写作，相信大 家也会喜欢她的文笔。因为她很优秀，我也信任她做出许多删除和补充。 Copyright 2011 By : Kai-Fu Lee, All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the US Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Table of Contents FORWORD: WHY DON'T WE AGREE TO DISAGREE? CHAPTER 1. FOLLOWING MY HEART CHAPTER 2. ADVENTUROUS GENES CHAPTER 3. FLYING TO AMERICA CHAPTER 4. LEARNING TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE CHAPTER 5. GETTING RECOGNIZED FOR “SPEECH RECOGNITION” CHAPTER 6. LEAVING ACADEMIA FOR APPLE CHAPTER 7. THE RISE AND FALL OF SILICON GRAPHICS CHAPTER 8. A MISSON IMPOSSIBLE CHAPTER 9. VOICELESS IN SEATTLE CHAPTER 10.A. MICROSOFT, GOOGLE, AND ME CHAPTER 10.B. MICROSOFT, GOOGLE, AND ME CHAPTER 11. TAKING GOOGLE TO CHINA CHAPTER 12. TEACHER KAI-FU CREDITS MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE - Page 1 李开复（Kaifu Lee）英文版自传 UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 A family portrait of August 2009 with wife Shen-Ling (second from left), daughters Jennifer (right) and Cynthia (left) A celebration of Google's new site in 2006 MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE - Page 2 李开复（Kaifu Lee）英文版自传 UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 FOREWORD WHY DON’T WE AGREE TO DISAGREE? On January 12, 2010 at 7:10 a.m., my phone rang. It was from David Barboza of the New York Times. I picked up the phone, and David asked, “Kai-Fu, I want to talk to you about Google pulling out of China.” I respected David a great deal – he had written several stories about my work at Google, always with exceptional insight and in lightening time. But this was one interview I could not do. After politely declining his interview, my phone rang again – the Wall Street Journal, Reuters, AP, the Chinese portals, Chinese Dailies…. By the time I returned home that night, my cell phone had run out of battery from ringing all day. My energy was as drained as the battery in my phone. It was exhausting to see my hard work in four years crumble in one day. My four-year tenure as President of Google China was the most exhilarating experience – hiring 700 brilliant and dedicated people and rallying them to compete against the 7000-person Baidu, China’s largest search engine; developing a Silicon Valley culture yet localizing it to fit in China; bringing Google China market share from 10% to 35% while Yahoo, eBay, AOL and other Internet giants gave up their China ventures; reaching a 2010 revenue level reported to be $600 million; creating great products from the most accurate web search to the most popular map and mobile products that delighted Chinese users. I said to myself, “If Google pulls out, the products will become inaccessible to most users, and the world’s number-one brand Google may become unrecognizable in the world’s most populous country.” I asked myself, “What would happen to all the hard work that my team and I put in over those four years? Would things have been different had I not resigned from Google on September 4, 2009?” That night and every night that week, it was difficult for me to go to sleep – I continued to think about what happened, what made it happen, and what might be next… More than a year has passed since then. As of October 2011, Google's market share in China has dropped to single-digit. Its services are harder and harder for Chinese users to access. MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE - Page 3 李开复（Kaifu Lee）英文版自传 UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 Looking back, I realize the Google China drama was the perfect manifestation of the never-ending China-America chasm. These two great countries and their people are forever trying to understand each other but end up succumbing to stereotypes; hearing the other’s words but not comprehending the meaning; endorsing each other in words but undermining each other in deeds; demanding the other to accommodate and empathize but remaining intransigent itself. In my view, these phenomena all boil down to a lack of understanding. I remember when I took a prominent lawyer to visit the Forbidden Palace in Beijing. After several hours touring the exquisite grounds, she could no longer hold back her question, and had to ask me, “Kai-Fu, please tell me, where is the emperor?” If a highly educated lawyer does not know that China’s monarchy ended in 1911 and the post-1979 China is a socialist state practicing capitalist economy, what hope do we have that two countries will know each other? I remember when I started Microsoft Research China, and visited the dean of Engineering at the famous Tsinghua University. I asked him if he could send students to be our interns. But the word “intern” made no sense to him, as there had never been any companies trying to hire interns from his esteemed school. After much explanation, something clicked, and he said, “Oh, I get it. Interns. Like Monica Lewinski.” If “intern” becomes a symbol of promiscuity, then how can the Chinese truly understand the way the American R&D system became the world’s best? I remember while heading up Microsoft Research China, being swamped by angry Chinese reporters demanding an explanation why Bill Gates called Chinese people thieves. I later learned that Gates had told Fortune,“As long as they [Chinese people] are going to steal [software], we want them to steal ours. They'll get sort of addicted, and then we'll somehow figure out how to collect sometime in the next decade.” As the world’s richest person, Gates usually speaks his mind, and in this case he was angry about piracy. But neither he nor his PR managers understood that what he said not only made Microsoft a scheming company with a conspiracy to dominate China and stifle local competition, but worse, he dishonored and insulted the entire people. Honor (also known as “face”) is more important to the Chinese than virtually anything. So this is why my job as the China executive for American companies was difficult. It was like the job of a diplomat when neither country understood the other, or the job of a marriage counselor trying to help a hopelessly stubborn couple get back together, or the job of a translator between people from two planets. MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE - Page 4 李开复（Kaifu Lee）英文版自传 UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 Over the years, I have learned that if each country could understand the other’s history, culture, and viewpoint, and accept that there are some issues that the two countries will “agree to disagree”, there would be tremendous progress. I have come to really like the wise Chinese proverb “qiu tong cun yi,”(求同存异） which means seeking common ground while accepting differences. This is precisely the mindset that both countries need. I’ve done everything I could to help prominent American companies understand China. Now I’m also helping promising companies of China understand America, the world, and China’s responsibilities as it rises in this world. I believe China and America will respect each other more if both nations see what I have seen. Through my personal stories, I hope the Chinese will realize that when Americans appear to be self-righteous, not to assume it is because Americans are aggressive bullies, but consider that it might be because American's desire to help and share their formula for success. American behaviors are shaped by America’s rapid rise to prosperity, and a deep sense of righteousness. Through my personal stories, I hope that Americans will recognize that when the Chinese appear to be autocratic, not to assume it is because Chinese are power-hungry thugs, but consider that it might be from their desire to lengthen stability and pave the ground for a better tomorrow. Chinese behaviors are shaped by China’s older glorious history that makes them proud, and also by newer traumatic history that makes them cautious. So this is why I have decided to write this book about my life and my stories. It is not because my life is so spectacular, but because I hope my stories can shed some light on China and America. I hope my stories will help the Chinese and Americans better understand each other. I hope my stories will help the next Google decide to enter China, and the next Chinese Google to enter America. I hope my stories will help both great countries to seek common ground while accepting differences. MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE - Page 5 李开复（Kaifu Lee）英文版自传 UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 Speaking as president of Google China at a company event MAKING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE - Page 6 李开复（Kaifu Lee）英文版自传 UNSV.COM英语学习频道 - http://www.unsv.com 中国最给力的免费英语学习网站 CHAPTER 1 .FOLLOWING MY HEART Around 8 a.m. on Aug. 5, 2009, the United Airlines flight 888 began landing. It was soon going to arrive at San Francisco International Airport, where I had passed through countless times. I looked out the window. In front of my eyes was the San Francisco Bay in grayish blue, across which Golden Gate Bridge’s red paint softly glistened in the misty morning sun.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Semi-Continuous Hidden Markov Models for Speech Recognition
    SEMI-CONTINUOUS HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION Xuedong Huang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 1989 DECLARATION This thesis, unless explicitly noted, was composed entirely by myself, and reports original work of my own execution. Xuedong Huang', B.Sc.' M)$c. 2 B.Sc. in Computer Science, Hunan University, 1982 2 M.Sc. in Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, 1984 -1- ABSTRACT Hidden Markov models, which can be based on either discrete output probability distributions or continuous mixture output density functions, have been demonstrated as one of the most powerful statistical tools available for automatic speech recognition. In this thesis, a semi-continuous hidden Markov model, which is a very general model including both discrete and continuous mixture hidden Markov models as its special forms, is proposed. It is a model in which vector quantisation, the discrete hidden Markov model, and the continuous mixture hidden Markov model are unified. Based on the assumption that each vector quantisation codeword can be represented by a continuous probability density function, the semi-continuous output probability is then a combination of discrete model-dependent weighting coefficients with these continuous codebook probability density functions. In comparison to the conventional continuous mixture hidden Markov model, the semi-continuous hidden Markov model can maintain the modelling ability of large-mixture probability density functions. In addition, the number of free parameters and the computational complexity can be reduced because all of the probability density functions are tied together in the codebook. The semi- continuous hidden Markov model thus provides a good solution to the conflict between detailed acoustic modelling and insufficient training data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Barbara Johnson Reader a John Hope Franklin Center Book the Barbara Johnson Reader the Surprise of Otherness
    The Barbara Johnson Reader A John Hope Franklin Center Book The Barbara Johnson Reader The Surprise of Otherness Barbara Johnson edited by melissa feuerstein bill johnson gonzález lili porten keja valens With an Introduction by judith butler and an Afterword by shoshana felman Duke University Press Durham and London 2014 © 2014 Duke University Press Afterword © 2014 Shoshana Felman All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by April Leidig Typeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Barbara Johnson reader : the surprise of otherness / edited by Melissa Feuerstein, Bill Johnson Gonzalez, Lili Porten, and Keja Valens, with an introduction by Judith Butler and an afterword by Shoshana Felman. pages cm “A John Hope Franklin Center Book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8223-5419-2 (pbk : alk. paper) isbn 978-0-8223-5403-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Johnson, Barbara, 1947–2009. 2. Feminist literary criticism. I. Feuerstein, Melissa. II. Johnson Gonzalez, Bill, 1970– iii. Porten, Lili. IV. Valens, Keja, 1972– pn98.w64b37 2014 801.'95092—dc23 2013045003 Contents Ac know ledg ments vii Editors’ Preface xi Personhood and Other Objects: The Figural Dispute with Philosophy by Judith Butler xvii Barbara Johnson by Barbara Johnson xxvii part i | Reading Theory as Literature, Literature as Theory 1 The Critical Diff erence: BartheS/BalZac 3 2 Translator’s Introduction to Dissemination (abridged) 14 3 Poetry and Syntax:
    [Show full text]
  • Weekender July-2021 Web.Pdf
    JUL-AUG 2021 FULL SPEED AHEAD SUMMER SIPPERS TIME IS RUNNING OUT Takuya Haneda hopes to paddle his New and true Japanese liqueurs that Japan’s slapdash love affair with SDGs canoe to gold at Tokyo 2020 will hold the Tokyo heat at bay is anything but sustainable — 2 — Weekender_August_Master_002.indd 2 2018/07/24 11:41 CONTENTS RADAR IN-DEPTH TRAVEL THIS MONTH’S HEAD TURNERS COFFEE-BREAK READS WHERE TO GO 8 AREA GUIDE: TOKYO’S LUMBERYARD 20 BALLET IN THE TIME OF CORONA 46 SHONAI SHRINE Once Tokyo’s center for all things wood, How National Ballet of Japan’s new artistic Embark on small adventures on the grounds Shin-Kiba now brightens up at night as a director Miyako Yoshida stays on her toes. of a former Yamagata castle. popular entertainment hub. 23 KYOTO IN SYMPHONY 50 SPORTS PARADISE 10 STYLE: ODE TO THE BIRDS Composer Marios Joannou Elia orchestrates a Traditional and modern sports have deep Photographer and filmmaker Boa Campbell masterpiece of sound dedicated to Kyoto. roots in Kyushu’s Miyazaki Prefecture. takes us on a flight through Tokyo’s world of modern fashion. 26 A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SHAMISEN 52 KYUSHU BY TRAIN MAKER Escape to these iconic locales with 16 SHOP JAPAN: BEST OF THE BEACH The designer of Tokyo 2020’s official shamisen assistance from the JR Kyushu Rail Pass. These Japan-made summer accessories spreads the word about the native instrument. help anyone stay cool and look stylish on their next seaside excursion. 30 ON IMPULSE GUIDE Special effects makeup artist extraordinnaire CULTURE ROUNDUP 18 TRENDS: 5 JAPANESE LIQUEURS Amazing Jiro takes TW inside his twisted world.
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995
    MICROSOFT WINDOWS HIGHLY INTELLIGENT SPEECH RECOGNIZER: WHISPER Xuedong Huang, Alex Acero, Fil Alleva, Mei-Yuh Hwang, Li Jiang and Milind Mahajan Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052, USA ABSTRACT independent continuous speech recognition for typical Windows command and control applications. In this paper, we will Since January 1993, we have been working to refine and extend selectively describe several strategies we used in Whis,per to tackle Sphinx-I1 technologies in order to develop practical speech efficiency and usability problems for command and control recognition at Microsoft. The result of that work has been the applications. Whisper (Windows Highly Intelligent Speech Recognizer). Whisper represents significantly improved recognition efficiency, usability, and accuracy, when compared with the Sphinx-I1 2. EFFICIENCY ISSUES system. In addition Whisper offers speech input capabilities for Microsoft Windows@ and can be scaled to meet different PC We have dramatically improved Whisper’s computational and platform configurations. It provides features such as continuous memory requirements. In comparison with Sphinx-11 (under the speech recognition, speaker-independence, on-line adaptation, same accuracy constraints), the necessary RAM was ireduced by a noise robustness, dynamic vocabularies and grammars. For typical factor of 20, and the speed was improved by a factor of 5. Windows@ Command-and-Control applications (less than 1,000 Efficiency issues are largely related to the size of models and search architecture [3], which is closely related to data structures words), Whisper provides a software only solution on PCs and algorithm design as well as appropriate acoustic and language equipped with a 486DX, 4MB of memory, and a standard sound modeling technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyborg Art: an Explorative and Critical Inquiry Into Corporeal Human-Technology Convergence
    http://waikato.researchgateway.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Cyborg Art: An Explorative and Critical Inquiry into Corporeal Human-Technology Convergence A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Waikato, by Elizabeth Margaretha Borst Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Elizabeth M. Borst, 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced without permission of the author. University of Waikato, 2009 i ii Abstract This thesis introduces and examines the undervalued concept of corporeal human- technology interface art, or ‘cyborg art’, which describes literal, figural and metaphorical representations of increasing body and technology integration. The transforming (post)human being is therefore the focus; who we are today, and who or what we may become as humanity increasingly interfaces with technology. Theoretical analysis of cyborg imagery centres on the science fiction domain, in particular film and television, as opposed to art.
    [Show full text]
  • EFFICIENT CEPSTRAL NORMALIZATION for ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION Fu-Hua Liu, Richard M
    EFFICIENT CEPSTRAL NORMALIZATION FOR ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION Fu-Hua Liu, Richard M. Stern, Xuedong Huang, Alejandro Acero Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ABSTRACT algorithm, FCDCN, which provides an additive environ- mental compensation to cepstral vectors, but in an environ- In this paper we describe and compare the performance of a series ment-specific fashion [5]. MFCDCN is less of cepstrum-based procedures that enable the CMU SPHINX-II computationally complex than the earlier CDCN algorithm, speech recognition system to maintain a high level of recognition and more accurate than the related SDCN and BSDCN accuracy over a wide variety of acoustical environments. We algorithms [6], and it does not require domain-specific describe the MFCDCN algorithm, an environment-independent training to new acoustical environments. In this paper we extension of the efficient SDCN and FCDCN algorithms devel- describe the performance of MFCDCN and related algo- oped previously. We compare the performance of these algorithms rithms, and we compare it to the popular RASTA approach with the very simple RASTA and cepstral mean normalization to robustness. procedures, describing the performance of these algorithms in the context of the 1992 DARPA CSR evaluation using secondary microphones, and in the DARPA stress-test evaluation. 2. EFFICIENT CEPSTRUM-BASED COMPENSATION TECHNIQUES 1. INTRODUCTION In this section we describe several of the cepstral normal- ization techniques we have developed to compensate The need for speech recognition systems and spoken lan- simultaneously for additive noise and linear filtering. Most guage systems to be robust with respect to their acoustical of these algorithms are completely data-driven, as the com- environment has become more widely appreciated in recent pensation parameters are determined by comparisons years (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Translations of Fantasy Worlds
    A World of Difference: Media Translations of Fantasy Worlds Rachel Louise Mizsei Ward Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of Film, Television and Media Studies May 2013 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there-from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Rachel Mizsei Ward University of East Anglia Abstract The modern consumer has access to a massively complex entertainment world. Many of the products available reveal a visible movement of popular fantasy worlds between different media. This transmedia process creates a strong link between film, merchandising and games; with all of these mediums borrowing from each other. This borrowing takes various forms, from licensed adaptations to unofficial copying of ideas, settings and characters as well as exploiting the different aesthetics and techniques of different media. Much of the scholarship on transmedia concentrates on storytelling, where a single overarching narrative unfolds over several different media. This thesis will move away from storytelling to consider how culture producers borrow the aesthetics, narratives and fantasy worlds from other sources, including computer games. This borrowing happens because it enables them to use transmedia functionality to gain market share from an already established audience who have a vested interested in, and enthusiasm for, an established world. Most of this borrowing happens around specific genres – especially fantasy, science fiction and horror. These genres are particularly wide-ranging and emphasise the possibilities of worldbuilding, making then good sources for multi-media franchises.
    [Show full text]
  • Merry Christmas from Our Family to Yours
    The Westfield— Serving the Town Since 1890 — Leader USPS 680020 Published OUR 109th YEAR – ISSUE NO. 51-99 Periodical – Postage Paid at Westfield, N.J. Thursday, December 23, 1999 Every Thursday 232-4407 FIFTY CENTS Menorah Near Train Station Draws Citizen, Council Debate By PAUL J. PEYTON elected officials should have in place policy.” Specially Written for The Westfield Leader when considering the largesse of our Mayor Jardim read a prepared let- The recent placement of a menorah community.” ter which he had written but not sent on municipal property near the town’s He was critical of Mayor Jardim’s to Mr. Hertell in response to the Christmas tree, in front of the north decision to accept the menorah and former school board member’s com- side train station, has prompted con- have Department of Public Works ments. cerns from a former elected official staff install it “without a courtesy He said Mr. Hertell had a “pro- in town and an angered response consultation” with members of the found misunderstanding” of his role from some members of the Town council. has mayor. Mayor Jardim said he has Council. He said this action “sets a dubious the authority to respond to requests Keith S. Hertell, who served on the and dangerous precedent, which may by residents and to direct town staff Westfield Board of Education from or may not reflect the best interests of in this regard. 1995 to 1998, publicly read a letter the citizens of Westfield.” Mayor Jardim stated that the coun- he sent to Mayor Thomas C.
    [Show full text]
  • Subphonetic Modeling for Speech Recognition Mei-Yuh Hwang Xuedong Huang
    Subphonetic Modeling for Speech Recognition Mei-Yuh Hwang Xuedong Huang School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 ABSTRACT Each clustered output distribution is denoted as a senone. In How to capture important acoustic clues and estimate essen- this way, senones can be shared across different models as tial parameters reliably is one of the central issues in speech illustrated in Figure 1. recognition, since we will never have sufficient training data to model various acoustic-phonetic phenomena. Success- ful examples include subword models with many smoothing techniques. In comparison with subword models, subphonetic modeling may provide a finer level of details. We propose to model subphonetic events with Markov states and treat the state in phonetic hidden Markov models as our basic sub- phonetic unit -- senone. A word model is a concatenation of state-dependent senones and senones can be shared across different word models. Senones not only allow parameter sharing, but also enable pronunciation optimization and new word learning, where the phonetic baseform is replaced by the senonic baseform. In this paper, we report preliminary subphonetic modeling results, which not only significantly re- duced the word error rate for speaker-independent continuous speech recognition but also demonstrated a novel application senone codebook for new word learning. Figure 1: Creation of the senone codebook. 1 INTRODUCTION For large-vocabulary speech recognition, we will never have The advantages of senones include better parameter sharing sufficient training data to model all the various acoustic- and improved pronunciation optimization. After clustering, phonetic phenomena. How to capture important acoustic different states in different models may share the same senone clues and estimate essential parameters reliably is one of if they exhibit acoustic similarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges in Adopting Speech Recognition
    ! BY Li Deng and Xuedong Huang Although progress has been impressive, there are still several hurdles that speech recognition technology must clear before ubiquitous adoption can be realized. R&D in spontaneous and free-flowing speech style is critical to its success. CHALLENGES IN ADOPTING Speech Recognition n recent years, significant progress has been made in advancing speech recognition technology, making speech an effective modality in both telephony and multimodal human-machine interaction. Speech recognition systems have been built and deployed for numerous applications. The technology is not only improving at a steady pace, but is also becoming increasingly usable and useful. However, Ispeech recognition technology has not been widely accepted in our society. The current use of speech recognition by enterprises and consumers reflects only a tip of the iceberg of the full power that the technology could potentially offer [3]. To realize such a potential, the industry has yet to bridge the gap between what people want from speech recognition, typically in a multimodal environment, and what the technology can deliver. To make the mainstream use of speech recognition a reality, the industry must deliver robust and high-recognition accuracy close to human-like COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM January 2004/Vol. 47, No. 1 69 performance. To this end, the industry and research communities must collectively address and overcome both technical and business challenges to uncovering the full potential of speech technology in multimodal and intelligent human-machine communication. Speech recognition technology has made dramatic progress over the past 30 years, triggered by advances in computing devices and architectures, success of algo- rithm development, and availability of large quantities of data.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan and the Indigenous People of Karafuto
    ON THE FRONTIERS OF HISTORY RETHINKING EAST ASIAN BORDERS ON THE FRONTIERS OF HISTORY RETHINKING EAST ASIAN BORDERS TESSA MORRIS-SUZUKI GLOBAL THINKERS SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463694 ISBN (online): 9781760463700 WorldCat (print): 1182556687 WorldCat (online): 1182556433 DOI: 10.22459/OFH.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover image from Mamiya Rinzo’s ‘Tōdatsu Kikō’. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS List of Illustrations . vii Introduction . 1 1 . Anti-Area Studies Revisited . 7 2 . Mapping Time and Space . 25 3 . ‘Tartary’ in the Reshaping of Historical Thought . 47 4 . Unthinking Civilisation: An Imbricated History of the Okhotsk Region . 71 5 . The Telescope and the Tinderbox: Rediscovering La Pérouse in the North Pacific . 107 6 . Lines in the Snow: The Making of the Russo–Japanese Frontier . 139 7 . Indigeneity and Modernity in Colonial Karafuto . 165 8 . Japan and its Region: From Tartary to the Emergence of the New Area Studies . 195 Concluding Thoughts: On the Value of Small Histories . 233 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Map 1.1. The Okhotsk region ...............................6 Figure 2.1. Japanese map and accompanying image of peoples of the world, 1671. 26 Figure 2.2. Fifteenth-century map of the Iberian Peninsula ........28 Figure 2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Computer and the Brain, and the Potential of the Other 95%
    The Computer and the Brain, and the Potential of the Other 95% Tai Sing Lee Carnegie Mellon University July 15, 2015. By some accounts, the formation of the Computer Science Department 50 years ago was in large part motivated by Herb Simon and colleagues’ agenda of using computers to simulate and understand human intelligence and decision-making. The founding fathers of the field of computer science in fact cared deeply about understanding the brain. Alan Turing and a number of mathematicians shared beers with biologists like Horace Barlow in their informal dining Ratio Club in Cambridge to discuss the principles of cybernetics and the neural basis of intelligence. Computer science and neuroscience had been more intimately coupled than most practitioners of either field might realize nowadays. The last paper John Von Neumann wrote, on his deathbed, was his contemplation on the connection between the Computer and the Brain. Computer science and neuroscience have made tremendous strides in the last 50 years. Thanks to the visionaries who founded and lead CSD and later the School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon has been at the forefront of many innovations in artificial intelligence. Allen Newell and Herb Simon’s Logic Theorist in 1955 was the first AI program. It proved 38 of the 52 well-known theorems and even discovered a more elegant new proof on its own! Hans Berliner’s BKG Backgammon defeated the reigning world champion at the time in 1979. Feng-Hsiung Hsu’s Deep Thoughts achieved grand-master level in 1988 when he was a third year Ph.D.
    [Show full text]