DOCSLIB.ORG

Japan and the Indigenous People of Karafuto

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japan and the Indigenous People of Karafuto ON THE FRONTIERS OF HISTORY RETHINKING EAST ASIAN BORDERS ON THE FRONTIERS OF HISTORY RETHINKING EAST ASIAN BORDERS TESSA MORRIS-SUZUKI GLOBAL THINKERS SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463694 ISBN (online): 9781760463700 WorldCat (print): 1182556687 WorldCat (online): 1182556433 DOI: 10.22459/OFH.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover image from Mamiya Rinzo’s ‘Tōdatsu Kikō’. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS List of Illustrations . vii Introduction . 1 1 . Anti-Area Studies Revisited . 7 2 . Mapping Time and Space . 25 3 . ‘Tartary’ in the Reshaping of Historical Thought . 47 4 . Unthinking Civilisation: An Imbricated History of the Okhotsk Region . 71 5 . The Telescope and the Tinderbox: Rediscovering La Pérouse in the North Pacific . 107 6 . Lines in the Snow: The Making of the Russo–Japanese Frontier . 139 7 . Indigeneity and Modernity in Colonial Karafuto . 165 8 . Japan and its Region: From Tartary to the Emergence of the New Area Studies . 195 Concluding Thoughts: On the Value of Small Histories . 233 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Map 1.1. The Okhotsk region ...............................6 Figure 2.1. Japanese map and accompanying image of peoples of the world, 1671. 26 Figure 2.2. Fifteenth-century map of the Iberian Peninsula ........28 Figure 2.3. Hayashi Shihei’s Illustrated Outline of the Three Countries [Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu], 1785 .........................33 Figure 2.4. Map of the Integrated Territory of Historical Countries and their Capitals [Honil gangni yeokdae gukto jido] (The Kangnido), 1402 ................................35 Figure 2.5. The Hereford wall map ...........................37 Figure 2.6. Abraham Ortelius’s world map, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1570 .....................................39 Figure 2.7. English world map based on Blumenbach’s classifications, 1849 ..................................43 Figure 3.1. Map of Tartary based on de Vries’ voyage, 1682 (Original by Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola) ................48 Figure 3.2. Illustration from Witsen, showing ‘Yakut, Kalmyk, Kyrgizian Ostiak and Daurian Tungus’ peoples .............52 Figure 3.3. Engraving of a ‘Kamchadale’ woman from Krasheninnikov’s Opisanie Zemli Kamchatki ................56 Figure 3.4. Thomsen expounding the ‘three age’ system, illustration by P Marquardt, 1846 .......................65 Figure 4.1. Okhotsk culture grave, Abashiri ....................85 Figure 4.2. Nivkh drying fish, early twentieth century ............91 vii ON THE FRONTIERS OF HISTORY Figure 4.3. 1807 map of Ezo ...............................93 Figure 4.4. Ainu with dog sleigh .............................95 Figure 4.5. Sakhalin Ainu blacksmiths .......................101 Figure 5.1. The Astrolabe and Boussole at anchor off the island of Maui ..........................................110 Figure 5.2. People of Tomarioro as seen by La Pérouse’s expedition ...111 Figure 5.3. Frontispiece from La Pérouse’s atlas ................114 Figure 5.4. Tsukinoe, an Ainu elder from Kunashir, wearing a brocade robe, painting by Kakizaki Hakyo ..............119 Figure 5.5. La Pérouse’s map of Sakhalin .....................127 Figure 5.6. The trading post at Deren ........................132 Figure 5.7. Portraits of Sakhalin Ainu ‘Niskani, Aoucanouri and Erougantoi’ of Tomarioro. .........................135 Figure 6.1. Golovnin being taken prisoner in Japan, c. 1811 ......145 Figure 6.2. Prisoners in the Sakhalin penal colony ..............152 Figure 6.3. Arsen’ev with Dersu Uzala, 1906 ..................153 Figure 6.4. A Japanese settlement in the Habomai Islands, c. 1920 ...156 Figure 6.5. ‘The Northern Region of East Asia’ .................158 Figure 7.1. Traditional Uilta summer houses on the outskirts of Otasu. .167 Figure 7.2. The Ainu ‘model’ village of Torandomari ............172 Figure 7.3. Colonial modern housing in Otasu. 175 Figure 7.4. A reindeer herd near Otasu .......................179 Figure 7.5. Kawamura Hideya teaching a class at the ‘native school’, Otasu ................................183 Figure 7.6. Indigenous people hunting marine mammals near Otasu. .187 Figure 7.7. Uilta needle case, early twentieth century ............188 Figure 8.1. Illustration from Charles MacFarlane’s Japan .........201 viii LIST OF Illustrations Figure 8.2. John George Bartholomew, ‘Maps of the Far East, Illustrating Russo–Japanese War’, 1905 ..................204 Figure 8.3. Memorial for convict labourers near Abashiri .........226 Figure 8.4. The Jakka Duxuni, Abashiri, 2011 .................229 Figure 8.5. Uilta embroidery: (above) by Kitagawa Aiko’s Japanese students; (below) by Kitagawa Aiko .....................231 ix INTRODUCTION The date is 1 August 1996, and I am aboard a ferry as it sets off from the northern Japanese port of Wakkanai on the sea crossing to Korsakov, on the Russian island of Sakhalin. It is a quiet, calm day and the sea is a silver- lead colour, with few waves in the bay, although my cabin companions warn me that it will get rough out in the straits. They remember the crossing 50 years ago, when the cups rolled around on the table, and people went down below decks to escape the storm, only to find that the heaving of the waves was even worse down there. On the quay, the scene is much as I had expected. A number of elderly couples, some with adult children, returning to visit their long-lost birthplaces; a few stray younger travellers, and one small party of Russian teenagers on a school exchange. But look more closely, and matters become more complicated. The young couple in front of me in the boarding queue – a skinny man in a loose black jacket and a girl in a pink trouser suit, whom I had automatically registered as Japanese – were speaking Russian as they said farewell to a very Japanese-looking elderly lady on the docks, and showed their Russian passports as they went through emigration. My Japanese cabin companions are going back on a nostalgia visit. They have been friends since childhood and meet every year to recall memories of Karafuto (the Japanese colony that occupied the southern half of Sakhalin Island from 1905 to 1945). Their other friends in Japan have no interest in sharing these memories. Until the end of the war, they lived in the ‘old city’ of Toyohara (now the Russian city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). Their neighbours included a Russian, a Polish family and a German family who ran the local bakery. The children all went to school together, and they say that they had no sense of any of them being ‘foreigners’. Later, sitting on the upper deck, I find myself next to a woman with sadder memories. She went to Karafuto when she was five, and was nine when the war ended. Her family lived in Maoka (now Kholmsk), until the Russians came and burned everything. She remembers playing with her sister among the 1 ON THE FRONTIERS OF HISTORY burnt ruins, picking up broken cups and plates. They took shelter for a while in her grandmother’s house, which was still standing, but then the Russians came with rifles and took her father away. Sakhalin appears on the port side before I expect it: beautiful and mountainous, with fold upon fold of hills in different shades of blue-grey, and sometimes sharper peaks appearing behind. When I go to the stern of the ferry, I find, sheltering from the wind, three women: one small and elderly, one middle-aged and the third younger and dressed in a smart grey suit. I start talking to them in hesitant Russian. The woman in grey turns out to be Nivkh, and the other two are Uilta (members of the indigenous Sakhalin communities discussed later in this book). They have been on a visit to their relatives in Abashiri, in northern Hokkaido. Only the elderly lady speaks Japanese – though she explains that she can also speak Uilta and Russian, as well as some Nanai and Korean – so we make do with Russian. The Nivkh lady speaks no Nivkh, but mentions that there is a nursery school in their area that teaches the language. They say that few people have any interest in their culture, and the middle-aged Uilta lady laments that it is now too late for her people. Later, they are joined by her son, who is about 20 and works in a fish-processing factory in central Sakhalin. He is dressed in trendy denim and sports dark glasses. He is friendly and polite, and says that he has enjoyed his first visit to his relatives in Japan. He speaks some English and expresses and interest in coming to Australia. *** This book brings together thoughts and writings that span a period of 25 years, from the mid-1990s to the end of the 2010s. All journeys, of course, have multiple starting points, and the ideas that I explore here have grown out of hundreds, maybe thousands, of encounters with remarkable people in Japan, other parts of East Asia and beyond. But one crucial starting point for the journey of exploration undertaken in this book was the crossing from Hokkaido to Sakhalin, which I have described in the paragraphs above, using notes that I jotted down in my diary at the time. The people I met on that crossing gave me new insights into the complexities of history. Like many people who originate from the British Isles, I come from a family of border-crossers, though few of them have crossed frontiers in such traumatic circumstances as the people I met on the ferry to Korsakov. I had Irish relatives who served in the British army in India, 2 INTRODUCTION a half-Irish and half-Scottish mother who grew up in Istanbul, and today I have sisters who live in France, Italy and Greece and a son who lives in the United States, while I am an Australian.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PICES Sci. Rep. No. 2, 1995
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD vii Part 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE OKHOTSK SEA AND KURIL REGION 3 1.1 Okhotsk Sea water mass modification 3 1.1.1Dense shelf water formation in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea 3 1.1.2Soya Current study 4 1.1.3East Sakhalin Current and anticyclonic Kuril Basin flow 4 1.1.4West Kamchatka Current 5 1.1.5Tides and sea level in the Okhotsk Sea 5 1.2 Influence of Okhotsk Sea waters on the subarctic Pacific and Oyashio 6 1.2.1Kuril Island strait transports (Bussol', Kruzenshtern and shallower straits) 6 1.2.2Kuril region currents: the East Kamchatka Current, the Oyashio and large eddies 7 1.2.3NPIW transport and formation rate in the Mixed Water Region 7 1.3 Sea ice analysis and forecasting 8 2.0 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS 9 2.1 Hydrographic observations (bottle and CTD) 9 2.2 Direct current observations in the Okhotsk and Kuril region 11 2.3 Sea level measurements 12 2.4 Sea ice observations 12 2.5 Satellite observations 12 Part 2. REVIEW OF OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE OKHOTSK SEA AND OYASHIO REGION 15 1.0 GEOGRAPHY AND PECULIARITIES OF THE OKHOTSK SEA 16 2.0 SEA ICE IN THE OKHOTSK SEA 17 2.1 Sea ice observations in the Okhotsk Sea 17 2.2 Ease of ice formation in the Okhotsk Sea 17 2.3 Seasonal and interannual variations of sea ice extent 19 2.3.1Gross features of the seasonal variation in the Okhotsk Sea 19 2.3.2Sea ice thickness 19 2.3.3Polynyas and open water 19 2.3.4Interannual variability 20 2.4 Sea ice off the coast of Hokkaido 21
    [Show full text]
  • 2010-11 Newsletter
    East Asian Studies Department & Program Newsletter 2010-11 The newsletter of Princeton University’s East Asian Studies Department and Program is published annually by the East Asian Stud- ies Program and is also available online. Unless otherwise stated, all activities reported are sponsored and organized by the East Asian Studies Program or Department, either solely or in collaboration with other departments or programs on campus. News and comments are welcome and should be addressed to the Program Coordinator. Photo Credits: Changdok Palace, Seoul, title page, and other motifs from Korea pp. 2, 25 (Buddhist Stone Sculpture, Mt. Namsan, Kyungju) and p.32 by Joy Kim. Images from PII, pp.9-11 by Yukari Tokumasu. Boy with brush, p.13 and Martin Heijdra, p.39 by Stephen F. Teiser. Classroom, p.13 by Nick Admussen. Mountain in Baiyu County, Sichuan province, p.27 by Doug Gildow. 2nd century B.C. garment, p.34, Abegg-Foundation, Riggisberg, Switzerland, courtesy Dieter Kuhn. From the photo contest by the Office of International Programs: p.8: Lotus, Beijing, by Evangeline Lew ’10; p.10: Inheritance, Jishou, Hunan, by Astrid Struth ’11; p.12: 3 Gorges, Sichuan, Province by Jeff Tang ’09; p.13: Girl in Red, Beijing, by Veneka Chag- wedera ’09. Princeton University Art Museum, photos by Bruce M. White: p.6: Scenes from the Tale of Genji (Genji monogatari), Edo, Japanese. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921 Fund [y1993 7]; p.7: Striding dragon, Northern Wei, Chinese. Gift of Mrs. Albert E. McVitty [y1949 26]; p.40: A Book from the Sky, Xu Bing, Modern, Chinese.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels of Rutin, Quercetin and Other Bioactive Compounds with Potential Antiviral Effects
    plants Review Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels of Rutin, Quercetin and Other Bioactive Compounds with Potential Antiviral Effects Zlata Luthar 1, Mateja Germ 1, Matevž Likar 1 , Aleksandra Golob 1, Katarina Vogel-Mikuš 1,2, Paula Pongrac 1,2 , Anita Kušar 3 , Igor Pravst 3 and Ivan Kreft 3,* 1 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (K.V.-M.); [email protected] (P.P.) 2 Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (I.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-1-3007981 Received: 9 October 2020; Accepted: 23 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) are sources of many bioactive compounds, such as rutin, quercetin, emodin, fagopyrin and other (poly)phenolics. In damaged or milled grain under wet conditions, most of the rutin in common and Tartary buckwheat is degraded to quercetin by rutin-degrading enzymes (e.g., rutinosidase). From Tartary buckwheat varieties with low rutinosidase activity it is possible to prepare foods with high levels of rutin, with the preserved initial levels in the grain. The quercetin from rutin degradation in Tartary buckwheat grain is responsible in part for inhibition of α-glucosidase in the intestine, which helps to maintain normal glucose levels in the blood.
    [Show full text]
  • LEV IAKOVLEVICH SHTERNBERG: at the OUTSET of SOVIET ETHNOGRAPHY1 Anna A. Sirina and Tat'iana P. Roon Introduction the Works Of
    First published in “Jochelson, Bogoras and Shternberg: A Scientific Exploration of Northeastern Siberia and the Shaping of Soviet Ethnography”, edited by Erich Kasten, 2018: 207 – 264. Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien. — Electronic edition for www.siberien-studies.org LEV IAKOVLEVICH SHTERNBERG: 8 AT THE OUTSET OF SOVIET ETHNOGRAPHY1 Anna A. Sirina and Tat‘iana P. Roon Introduction The works of Lev Iakovlevich Shternberg, the eminent Russian and Soviet scientist, accomplished theoretical evolutionist, professor, and corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (from 1924), are well known by present day historians, ethnographers and anthropologists. An active public figure, he was engaged in the ethnography of the peoples of the Russian Far East and in Jewish ethnography. His acquaintance through correspondence with Friedrich Engels played a not insignificant role in his prominence: Engels wrote to Shternberg, having become acquainted with his discovery of group marriages amongst the Gilyak (or Nivkh) people (Shternberg et al. 1933; Shternberg 1933b: xvii-xix; see also Marx and Engels 1962, vol. 22: 364–367). This “discovery,” as with his description of other features of the Nivkh (Gilyak) social order, made on the Island of Sakhalin, was the beginning of his scientific activities. Over the period of his eight-year administrative exile he gathered unique field mate- rial on the language, folklore and social and religious life of the Nivkh. The results of his research were published in Russia beginning as early as 1893 (Shternberg 1893a; 1895; 1896). A considerable amount has been written on Lev Shternberg: obituaries, including ones in foreign journals,2 articles by ethnographers, archeologists, museologists and historians of science.3 Of particular interest is an absorbing book by Nina Gagen-Torn who, on the basis of personal recollections and archival documents, gives a vivid and emotional account of her teacher — the revolutionary and founder of the Leningrad School of Ethnography (Gagen-Torn 1971; 1975).
    [Show full text]
  • The Jesuit Role As “Experts” in High Qing Cartography and Technology∗
    臺大歷史學報第31期 BIBLID1012-8514(2003)31p.223-250 2003年6月，頁223~250 2003.1.7收稿，2003.5.29通過刊登 The Jesuit Role as “Experts” in High Qing Cartography and Technology∗ Benjamin A. Elman∗∗ Abstract Earlier accounts have generally overvalued or undervalued the role of the Jesu- its in Ming-Qing intellectual life. In many cases the Jesuits were less relevant in the ongoing changes occurring in literati learning. In the medical field, for example, before the nineteenth century few Qing physicians (ruyi 儒醫) took early modern European “Galenic” medicine seriously as a threat to native remedies. On the other hand, the Kangxi revival of interest in mathematics was closely tied to the introduc- tion of Jesuit algebra (jiegen fang 借根方), trigonometry (sanjiao xue 三角學), and logarithyms (duishu 對數). In the midst of the relatively “closed door” policies of the Yongzheng emperor and his successors, a large-scale effort to recover and col- late the treasures of ancient Chinese mathematics were prioritized in the late eight- eenth and early nineteenth century. Despite setbacks during the early eighteenth century Rites Controversy, the Jesuits in China remained important “experts” (專家) in the Astro-Calendric Bureau (欽天監) and supervisors in the Qing dynasty’s imperial workshops. Earlier Adam Schall (1592-1666) and Ferdinand Verbiest (1623-1688) had not only championed the role of mathematics in Christianizing literati elites, but they also produced in- struments and weapons at the behest of both the Ming and Qing dynasties. The tech- nical expertise of the Jesuits in the China mission during the eighteenth century also ranged from translating Western texts and maps, introducing surveying methods to producing cannon, pulley systems, sundials, telescopes, water-pumps, musical in- struments, clocks, and other mechanical devices.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Summary of Japanese-Ainu Relations and the Depiction of The
    The road from Ainu barbarian to Japanese primitive: A brief summary of Japanese-ainu relations in a historical perspective Noémi GODEFROY Centre d’Etudes Japonaises (CEJ) “Populations Japonaises” Research Group Proceedings from the 3rd Consortium for Asian and African Studies (CAAS) “Making a difference: representing/constructing the other in Asian/African Media, Cinema and languages”, 16-18 February 2012, published by OFIAS at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, p.201-212 Edward Saïd, in his ground-breaking work Orientalism, underlines that to represent the “Other” is to manipulate him. This has been an instrument of submission towards Asia during the age of European expansion, but the use of such a process is not confined to European domination. For centuries, the relationship between Japan and its northern neighbors, the Ainu, is based on economical domination and dependency. In this regard, the Ainu’s foreignness, impurity and “barbaric appearance” - their qualities as inferior “Others” - are emphasized in descriptive texts or by the regular staging of such diplomatic practices as “barbarian audiences”, thus highlighting the Japanese cultural and territorial superiority. But from 1868, the construction of the Meiji nation-state requires the assimilation and acculturation of the Ainu people. As Japan undergoes what Fukuzawa Yukichi refers to as the “opening to civilization” (文明開化 bunmei kaika) by learning from the West, it also plays the role of the civilizer towards the Ainu. The historical case study of the relationship between Japanese and Ainu from up to Meiji highlights the evolution of Japan’s own self-image and identity, from an emerging state, subduing barbarians, to newly unified state - whose ultramarine relations are inspired by a Chinese-inspired ethnocentrism and rejection of outside influence- during the Edo period, and finally to an aspiring nation-state, seeking to assert itself while avoiding colonization at Meiji.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Development Theory in the Sociological and Political Analyses of the New States
    POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY IN THE SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSES OF THE NEW STATES by ROBERT HARRY JACKSON B.A., University of British Columbia, 1964 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Political Science We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September, I966 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission.for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Polit_i_g^j;_s_gience The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date September, 2, 1966 ii ABSTRACT The emergence since World War II of many new states in Asia and Africa has stimulated a renewed interest of sociology and political science in the non-western social and political process and an enhanced concern with the problem of political development in these areas. The source of contemporary concepts of political development can be located in the ideas of the social philosophers of the nineteenth century. Maine, Toennies, Durkheim, and Weber were the first social observers to deal with the phenomena of social and political development in a rigorously analytical manner and their analyses provided contemporary political development theorists with seminal ideas that led to the identification of the major properties of the developed political condition.
    [Show full text]
  • May 2020 1(4)
    What’s in this issue Welcome Message Eye on Japan Tokyo Days – report by Nadine Willems Piece of Japan Upcoming Events General Links Editor: Oliver Moxham, CJS Project Coordinator CJS Director: Professor Simon Kaner Contact Us Header photo by editor Welcome Message CJS ニュースレターへようこそ！ Welcome to the first May edition of the CJS e-newsletter. This week we are happy to bring you positive news from Japan on handling of the pandemic as infection rates continue to slow after a thankfully quiet Golden Week and the government finally accepts that the virus may not simply disappear by the end of May. We have inspiring stories of human kindness in Japan to keep spirits up, a brand new article from Nadine Willems on the trials of acquiring masks in lockdown Tokyo and a raft of cultural goodies on the theme of humanity versus nature in our Piece of Japan segment. You can find a message from CJS Director Professor Simon Kaner on the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures website and hear more from our SISJAC colleagues on their monthly e-bulletin. We hope you enjoy reading and as ever look forward to hearing from you on what you would like to see in future issues. Written by Oliver Moxham, CJS Project Coordinator and editor Editor’s note: Japanese names are given in the Japanese form of family name first i.e. Matsumoto Mariko Eye on Japan: Quiet Golden Week|Flattening the Curve|Castles in the Spotlight 日本の最新情報 As Golden Week passes by with World Heritage Sites on high alert for daring sightseers, it would seem that most heeded the calls to at least not travel, if not stay indoors.
    [Show full text]
  • Geoexpro 5 6.05 Omslag
    EXPLORATION Multi-client seismic spurs interest The Northeast Sakhalin Shelf,with several giant fields already discovered and put on production,is recognised as a world-class petroleum province.New seismic acquired in the rest of the Sea of Okhotsk indicate that there is more to be found. Dalmorneftegeofizica Courtesy of TGS has acquired a huge seismic data base covering almost the entire Sea of Okhotsk. New, modern data is now made available through a cooperati- on with TGS Nopec. Photo: Erling Frantzen Courtesy of TGS BP/Rosneft Pela Lache OKHA SAKHALIN Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk The Sea of Okhotsk is named after Okhotsk, the first Russian settlement in the Far East. It is the northwest arm of the Pacific Ocean covering an area of 1,528,000 sq km, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaido belonging to Japan to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coastline along the west and north. Most of the Sea of Okhotsk, except for the area around the Kuril Islands, is frozen during from November to June and has frequent heavy fogs. In the summer, the icebergs melt and the sea becomes navigable again. The sea is generally less than 1,500m deep; its deepest point, near the Kuriles, is 3,363 m. Fishing and crab- bing are carried on off W Kamchatka peninsula. The DMNG/TGS Seismic acquired in 1998, 2004 and 2005 is shown in green, blue and red colours. Note also the location of Okha where oil seeps were found 125 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The
    ACFC/SR/II(2005)003 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 26 April 2005) MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Report of the Russian Federation on the progress of the second cycle of monitoring in accordance with Article 25 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities MOSCOW, 2005 2 Table of contents PREAMBLE ..............................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4 2. The legislation of the Russian Federation for the protection of national minorities rights5 3. Major lines of implementation of the law of the Russian Federation and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities .............................................................15 3.1. National territorial subdivisions...................................................................................15 3.2 Public associations – national cultural autonomies and national public organizations17 3.3 National minorities in the system of federal government............................................18 3.4 Development of Ethnic Communities’ National
    [Show full text]
  • AERIAL INCIDENT of OCTOBER 7Th, 1952 (UNITED STATES of AMERICA V
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE PLEADINGS, ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS AERIAL INCIDENT OF OCTOBER 7th, 1952 (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS) ORDER OF IIARCH qth, 1956: REJIOVAL FROII THE LIST COijR IXTERX.4TIONALE DE JUSTICE MÉMOIRES, PLAIDOIRIES ET DOCUMENTS INCIDENT AÉRIEN DU 7 OCTOBRE 1952 (ETATS-UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE c. UNION DES REPUBLIQUES SOCIALISTES SOVIETIQUES) ORDOSNANCE DU 14 >ï.iRS 1956: R.4DIATION DU RÔLE APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS REQUÊTE INTRODUCTIVE D'INSTANCE APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS 1.-THE AMBASSAUOR OF THE UNITED ST.4TES OF AMERICA TO THE NETHERLANDS TO THE REGISTRAR OF THE INTERNATIO~ALCOURT OF JUSTICE .4merican Embassy, THEHAGUE. Sir, Upon the instruction of my Govemment, 1 have the honor to transmit to you herewith, in accordance ivith the Statute and Rules of the International Court of Justice, an application to the Court instituting proceedings on behalf of my Government against the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. My Govern- ment has appointed Mr. Herman Phleger, the Legal Adviser of the Department of State, as its Agcnt in this case. 1 certify that the signature on the application transmitted herewith is the signature of Mr. Phleger. The addrcss for service to which al1 communications relating to the application should be sent is this Embassy. For the purposes of the provisions of the Statute and the Rules of Court, particularly Article 40 (2) and (3) and Article 63 of the Statute, and Article 33 (1) and Article 34 of the Rules of Court, 1 have the honor, on behalf of my Government, to transmit with the original of this application one hundred printed copies \vhich 1 certify to be correct copies of the original.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nivkh People of Sakhalin and Their Music
    THE NIVKH PEOPLE OF SAKHALIN AND THEIR MUSIC MY NIVKH JOURNEY BY PIA SIIRALA © Pia Siirala, 2007 From the original Sahalinin Nivkh-Alkuperäiskansan Musiikki Matkapäiväkirja English translation copyright © 2009 by Lygia O’Riordan © Ensemble XXI 2 ISBN 978-952-5789-01-0 INTRODUCTION This is the day-to-day journal of my field trip late last year to Sakhalin, when I worked with the indigenous Nivkh people for a second time, collecting more material, both through notating music on the spot and by making recordings of the Nivkhs singing for me. Since then I have composed two more pieces of music based on this Nivkh material – a Suite for Solo Violin and Ulita’s Walk for chamber orchestra. Both works will be given their world premieres in 2008. The Nivkhs and their music have been an enormous inspiration to me, to our orchestra Ensemble XXI and to our conductor, Lygia O’Riordan. Before my first field trip in 2004, Lygia O’Riordan, the conductor of Ensemble XXI, initiated the first contact with the Nivkhs on her field trip to meet them in Sakhalin. At that time she met the Ethnomusicologist, Natalia Mamcheva, who introduced her to the legendary Nivkh singer, Tatiana Ulita. During that first encounter, Lygia O’Riordan recorded Tatiana Ulita’s singing. These songs provided me with the vital material for my composition, Nivkh Themes. On that same trip, Lygia O’Riordan travelled to Nogliki to see Nivkh performances first hand and to meet with the Nivkhs themselves. Armed with ancient recordings of Nivkh singing given to her by Natalia Mamcheva, as well as her own recordings, Lygia introduced me to the Nivkh music.
    [Show full text]