India Year Book (2018) Volume - II

INDEX

1. Food and Civil Supplies ...... 01-07

2. Health and Family Welfare ...... 08-16

3. Housing ...... 17-22

4. Industry ...... 23-33

5. Law and Justice ...... 34-46

6. Labour, Skill Development and Employment ...... 47-54

7. Rural and Urban Development ...... 55-67

8. Scientific and Technological Developments ...... 68-78

9. Transport ...... 79-85

10. Water Resources ...... 86-92

11. Welfare ..... 93-107

12. Youth Affairs and Sports ... 108-116

13. Miscellaneous Content from Different Chapters ... 117-121 1 Chapter

Notes • 2013. from India force into of came • Government which people, (NFSA), the 2013 of Act, security Security Food food National to the commitment enacted the strengthen further to order In • • Pool Central 2015. in Foodgrains from of completely Stock system levy procurement the for abolished dealers or has millers Government the Now on rice. levy impose of to 1955 1972 Act, in Commodities governments Essential state the authorized government under central the requirements, PDS the meet to low,production when was Earlier future. in market the distorting without surpluses of dispose to and stock buffer maintaining requirement, TPDS meeting for haveprocurement the farmers, to to support optimum level of price adequate provide to approach adopted being policy now is 805.16 balanced grains food a of Therefore, disposal of tonnes.and leveldistribution lakh procurement, 319 for record a of to norm buffer reached the had against 2012 grains in food tonnes lakh on of Stock emphasis Pool an Central accumulated with states which and many to to years due expanded have recent operations procurement in the grains Eastern-India, in food Revolution Green of bringing production in produce. increase their for substantial farmers the the With for margin reasonable the and inputs agricultural various of cost the the on based (MSP), Prices Support recommendations Rabi/ Minimum of Commission for Agricultural Costs each and Prices the (CACP), which takes into Before consideration announces farmers. government the central to season, support price crop paddy provide Kharif wheat, to procures order agencies, in government states state various in of grains coarse help and the with (FCI), India of Corporation Food Public Targeted a under at society accessible System. of grains sections Distribution vulnerable policy food and making appropriate weaker grains; the through to food oils especially of prices, edible reasonable stocks and buffer sugar of grains, maintenance food including of instruments; availability ensuring distribution grains and storage food (MSP), Price of Support Minimum at procurement for efficient security food through: ensure to country is the Distribution Public and Food of Department the of objective primary The National Food Security Food National ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India Procurement of Food Grains Food of Procurement The Act marks a paradigm shift in approach to food security— from welfare to a rights based one. based rights a to welfare from security— food to approach in shift paradigm a dignity. marks Act with The life a live to people to prices affordable at food quality of quantity adequate to access ensuring by approach, cycle life human in security nutritional and food for provide to aims Act The Wheat of tonnes lakh 322.75 Rice of tonnes lakh 10.44 1 OD N CVL SUPPLIES CIVIL AND FOOD ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 1 Notes 3. 2. 1. namely Suraksha’. newsletter ‘Khadya quarterly as the launched well has as Department practices the achievements, best and and development initiativeslatest the the in share To Targeted commodities, 2015. the Order, essential notified (Control) Department System of the Distribution (NFSA), Public distribution 2013 Act, and Security availability Food National securing the with and consonance supplies maintain to order In System: Distribution Public Targeted prices. subsidized highly mentioned per above the at foodgrains month per person of per foodgrains of kg. kg. 5 receive to 35 entitled are covers receive and to poor, Act the the respectively. grains/wheat/rice households of coarse for Priority kg. under per 1/2/3 Rs.@ poorest month, per entitled households the are of households security Such food households. on crore focus 2.5 provide to 2000 in launched was AAY • • • 2 Other WelfareSchemes Other ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India f h ubn ouain o rciig usdzd od ris ne Tree Pbi Distribution Public Targeted under grains cent food per 50 subsidized to receiving up and for population population rural the urban of cent the per 75 of to up of coverage for provides Act The • • Girls: Adolescent for Scheme • • Programme: Nutrition Based Wheat • • • • Scheme: Meal Mid-Day accountability. and transparency ensuring for made been also have provisionsand district Separate the levels. at state mechanism redressal priority grievance of up as setting for provisions contains households also Act The remaining the categories—households and (AAY) two Yojana under Anna is households. grains Antyodaya food the subsidized under highly covered receiving for coverage This population. the of two-thirds about covering thus System, rgam ad dlset il (PG ad ihr Sat Yjn (S) no single Nutrition a namely, into schemes (KSY) Yojana two Shakti merging Kishori by and scheme. (NPAG) 2010 Girls in Adolescent and launched Public Programme was and Development. Food scheme Child of SABLA and Women The Department of the Ministry the by to allotted rates BPL are at scheme Distribution the level. central for the at scheme foodgrains the However, administers Development Child and Women of Ministry The Child Integrated women. under expectant/lactating and States/UTs years 0-6 the the of in by group children age to utilized food nutritious/energy are providing for it scheme (ICDS) Services under Development Development. allotted Child and foodgrains Women The of Ministry the by implemented is scheme This and scheme. rice the of under tonnes allocated were lakh wheat 22.96 of comprising tonnes foodgrains lakh of 4.21 tonnes lakh 27.17 2016-17, During distributed. are foodgrains raw 3 month or served per being student is per meal hot kgs cooked/processed where day school per child per stage primary upper for grams 150 @ and stage primary for grams 100 @ cost bodies. of free supplied local are Foodgrains by run schools the and government schools/ by government aided the in schools classes primary upper and primary of students covers scheme The Development. Resource Human of Ministry the by implemented is Scheme Meal Day Mid The www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • is 2010. which 2007 since Act, place Regulation) and in (Development Warehousing the enacting by country the in system receipt warehouse negotiable a marketing introduced government agricultural the sector, farm the the in in flow reforms credit increase bring to and to sector, warehousing of development and growth the For 6. 5. 4. Warehousing Warehousing DevelopmentAuthority and Regulatory • eis o isac o NWRs. of and issuance apple for turmeric, ginger, resins garlic, onion, dehydrated potato, as such commodities horticultural 26 and etc. makhana, coffee tea, tobacco, rubber, like spices, commodities oilseeds, other and pulses, nuts cereals,edible oils,vegetable including commodities agricultural 123 farmers notified the has Authority by The commodities agricultural of sale distress season. harvest of peak situation during the overcoming in banks. helps from It loan seeking in farmers the helps by warehouses deposited in produces farmers farm the of stocks against issued (NWRs) Receipts Act. Warehouse Negotiable the The of provisions the of implementation for 2010 in (WDRA) Authority Regulatory and Development Warehousing the constituted government The • (Domestic): Scheme Sale Market Open • • Scheme: Annapurna • • Hostels: SC/ST/OBC for Foodgrains of Supply • h spl epcal drn te en esn seily n h dfct regions. deficit the in especially season enhance lean to the e-tender during through especially (Domestic) market Scheme supply open Sale the the Market in Open prices under pre-determined time at to Pool time Central Targeted from the the from excess rice of sells and FCI wheat requirement the of (OWS), the stocks Schemes Welfare meeting Other for and (TPDS) and System stocks Distribution Public buffer maintaining to addition In Development. Rural Ministry the to of allocated was rice of tonnes 7554 of quantity a 2016-17, During prices. BPL at scheme the under Distribution Public and Food of Department the by provided are Foodgrains under cost scheme. of the free month per person Pension per Age foodgrains Old National of kgs.the 10 under provided pension are (NOAPS),getting Scheme not citizens are who senior above or Indigent age Development. of years Rural 65 of of Ministry the by implemented is scheme This governments. State/UT the from received requests Public the and Food on of based Department the Distribution by students made are scheme 2/3rd month. the under per having foodgrains resident hostels of per Allocations foodgrains the kg 15 of get to residents eligible The are SC/ST/OBC 1994. to in belonging introduced was scheme This is year. a nutrition in days for 300 for scheme day per the beneficiary under per grains foodgrains of of grams 100 requirement @ The services. on them public guiding and etc.existing hygiene, health welfare, family on their girls the of equipping at aims improvement also them. It by to useful years skills 11-18 various upgrading of and status girls health adolescent and nutritional empowering at aims scheme The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 3 Notes • Programme: Petrol Blending Ethanol • • • Policy: Pricing Sugarcane • Production Sugar 2. 1. 4 Sugar Foodof grains Post-Harvest Management ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India molasses. namely industry, sugar the of by-product a from produced mainly product, agro-based an is Ethanol g) f) e) d) c) b) a) of FRP of factors:- fixation following for the provides to 1966 regard Order, having (Control) sugarcane Sugarcane the of provisions amended The industry. sugar of associations and governments state the consulting after (CACP) Prices and Costs Agricultural for Commission the of recommendations the of basis the on decided is government central the by announced price cane The (FRP)’ seasons. Price Remunerative sugar Statutory and subsequent of ‘Fair and the concept 2009-10 with the for replaced 2009, was in sugarcane 1966 of Order, (SMP) (Control) Price Sugarcane Minimum the of amendment the With 2017. June till achieved been has against MT (provisional) lakh MT 203.00 about lakh be 200.74 to estimated which is 2016-17 season sugar current the during sugar production The of world. the in sugar of producer largest second the and consumer largest the is India • Institute: Research and Management Storage Grain Indian • • grains: Food for Standard Quality esnbe agn fr h goes f uacn o acut f ik n profits. and risk of account on sugarcane of growers the for margins Reasonable their or mud press and and bagasse molasses, value; viz. imputed by-products of sale from made realization The sugarcane; from sugar of producers; Recovery sugar by sold is sugarcane from produced sugar which at Price price; fair a at consumers to sugar agricultural of of Availability prices of trend general the and crops commodities; alternative from growers the to Return sugarcane; of production of Cost management. storage grain to relating work (R&D) Development and Research Applied Trainingand the in engagedare Pradesh) Hyderabad(Andhra and (Punjab) Ludhiana at stations field its and Hapur (IGMRI), Institute Research and Management Storage Grain Indian state and agencies. FCI their by distribution and for governments issue and stored Bengaluru, procured, at foodgrains of offices quality Patna the field and monitor the Chennai and Guwahati, Delhi Pune, Lucknow, New Hyderabad, Kolkata, at Bhubaneshwar, Ministry Bhopal, the of Cells Control Quality The central the for procured foodgrains of pool. quality the over control due exercises government The www.iasscore.in Notes • • Oils: Edible of Export on Ban be to 2016-17 likely is for tonnes. 2016-17 in lakh Estimates oilseeds 74.09 these Advance Rs. from oils about third 252.50 of Rs. the Production year. to previous compared per the as As during tonnes tonnes lakh rates. lakh 325.22 Rs. about reasonable is at production oilseeds consumer estimated (Oct.-Nov.), the of availability to sufficient ensure to oils steps involves country edible the in oils edible of management efficient The process. budgetary through SDF for funds provided collected so cess The Act, Amendment Laws2017. Taxation by through abolished sold been and now produced has which sugar all country the on within duty factory excise any as collected was cess a 1982, Act, Cess Sugar the Under Fund: Development Sugar • • • • International Cooperation International Edible Oils o ae iey amn o cn pie o farmers. to price cane of payment timely make unable is to industry sugar the depressed, are prices when sugarcane, of production surplus of years In 1. etc. related food of field the (FAO), (ISO), Organisation Organisation Sugar Grains Council andInternational in (IGC) International working agencies Agricultural and Food Bank, international FoodSAARC (WFP), Programme of WorldFood include These matters. number a with associated is India to subject kg 5 upto of packs in tonnes consumer per 1100 USD branded from reduced in was 2015. which tonnes permitted per 900 USD been of Price has Export Minimum oil Stations Customs edible Further, Land produce. of forest notified minor from export produced through oils certain and and oils ports edible organic oil, (EDI) castor (LCS), Interchange oil Data coconut i.e., exemptions Electronic certain all with 2008 March from from banned been has oils edible of Exports out. worked been has supplied be to quantities depots details OMC to and distilleries networks which “grid” fixed. a the targets, been blending new streamline has of to achieving ethanol facilitate To of simplified price been ex-depot has remunerative EBP and the chain supply under ethanol ethanol entire of procurement of farmers. procedure of The arrears price cane clear to in addition them value enabling increase motor industry and with sugar exchange foreign Ethanol the conserve pollution, of reducing blending to achieve view a to with seeks spirit (EBP) Programme Petrol Blended ethanol The • • Bank: Food SAARC • h Fo Bn wl splmn ntoa efrs o rvd fo scrt t te epe of people the to security food region. provide the to efforts national supplement will Bank Food The Bank. Food SAARC the establish to agreement the signed have South Asian Association for Regional States of Cooperation (SAARC)the Heads of countries 2007, in Delhi New in held Summit SAARC 14th the in taken decision the of pursuance In s e ti areet SAC od ak s o ae rsre f fogan t be to foodgrains of country. the reserve of of combination a share a have or assessed rice, as or to wheat both either is of Bank consisting states Food member each SAARC by maintained agreement, this per As ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 5 Notes h Mnsr ugae IFT Tajvr Tml au o ntoa lvl nttt i 20. IP is IIFPT 2008. in institute level national a processing. food B.Tech., to of area running the in projects R&D M.Tech. undertaking and courses Ph.D and Nadu Tamil Thanjavur, IIFPT, upgraded Ministry The Technology Processing Food of Institute Indian • • Processing Food on Mission National Scheme: Sponsored Centrally • Sector: Processing Food in FDI • • • Sector: Processing Food of Contribution 6 Food Processing Sector Processing Food ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India 2. uly f s 600 rr fr h pro 21-0 oemnu wt te 4h iac Commission Finance 14th the with coterminous 2016-20 period cycle. the for an crore with 6,000 2017 May, Rs. in of Clusters) outlay Agro-Processing of Development and Processing Kisan Agro-Marine – for Scheme Sector Central new a approved India the of to Government pursuant in 2015 in discontinued. Mission support the stand states/UTs. of central schemes nine through Consequently,all the Commission. Finance 14th implemented from the was of recommendations de-linked CSS-NMFP was The CSS-NMFP Mission. the the However, in merged were schemes new four and Plan 11th of Schemes Sector Central ongoing Five 2012. in Processing Plan Food 12th during on (NMFP) Mission Scheme—National Sponsored Centrally a launched had Ministry The India. in produced and/or manufactured products food respect in of e-commerce through including trading, for route approval through allowed is FDI sector. manufacturing industries processing food in route automatic the under permitted is FDI cent per 100 prices. 2011-12 at respectively sector agriculture and GVAmanufacturing in of cent per 10.04 positively.and 8.71 as much as constituted sector sector the 2015-16, During processing food impacted has Government incentives the and products by food for offered demand in increase materials, raw of supply Abundant fruits. and vegetablesseveral other and rice,wheat of production the in world the in and second ranks India Further, papayas guavas, bananas, ginger, ghee, milk, of production the mangoes. in world the in one ranks India number output. higher recorded consistently has India in production agricultural years the Over 3. • Council: Grains International • • Security: Food World on Committee and Organisation Agricultural and Food hc ws rvosy nw a Itrainl ha Cucl po 1995. matters upto Council grain Wheat coarse International and as wheat known in previously cooperation was which for countries importing and exporting of forum inter-governmental an (IGC), Council Grains International the of member a is India and FAO both of member a is India CFS. food. to access economic and physical Nations production, food United including security, food the world in concerning policies forum of follow-up a and review as for System serves (CFS) Security Food World on Committee population. The rural of of standard conditions and living nutrition and of productivity levels agricultural raise improving to by mandate living a with 1945 in founded the System in agencies UN specialized largest the of one is (FAO) Organisation Agricultural and Food Sampada www.iasscore.in oaa (Scheme - Yojana Notes ot Es Sae (nld Ski) T me te vr xadn ne o fo poesn sco i the in sector processing the food activities, of its of allocation need expand expanding an evercountry, to the institute meet To the Sikkim). enable (include To States East etc. North units, residential training and opening centres auditorium, complex, incubation sport cum centre, testing including and facilities fabrication infrastructure machine like of infrastructure creation for IIFPT to provided purchase of acres)additional land (22.7 expanding for campus and creation ofacademic and administrative be will funds scheme, the Under s 7 coe a be md drn te eid f scheme. of period the during made been has crore 75 Rs. ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 7 Chapter

Notes • • • services. health various of implementation the in involved is and matters health public systems. and homoeopathy and Siddha Services Health Unani, of naturopathy,General and yoga ayurveda, in research (AYUSH) Homoeopathy and Siddha Unani, made was AYUSH of Department 2014, December In (NACO). Organization Control AIDS now National and WelfareFamily as & known Health is of Department with merged been has Control AIDS of Department Research. Health of Department and Welfare Family & Health towards states The to guidance infrastructure. medical health providing programs, and devices) and policies, and schemes (drugs allied health regulation education, sponsored and centrally health managing programs, health formulating implementing for responsible is It country. the of across control research promoting and as prevention well welfare, as family diseases and non-communicable health and communicable major of various areas the of in implementation scale for national responsible the and on programmes instrumental is Welfare Family and Health of Ministry ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India 8 National National Health Policy, 2017 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India (ii) include: policy (i) the of highlights the this, enable Besides to hour. manner golden a in within distributed access population 1,000 per beds two of availability ensure care to primary aims to and resources of more) or (two-thirds consequence. of proportion major cost allocating a advocates 2017 the as NHP lowering and hardship quality financial improving access, face delivery. increasing to healthcare through having achieved anyone be and would without health This of services level possible to health access universal highest and healthcare quality the promotive and attain preventive a to through ages the all aims at through all policy for well-being healthcare The primary centres. comprehensive wellness assured and of health package socio- larger providing changing envisages the It by necessitated challenges landscape. emerging epidemiological and and technological economic, current the years. 15 addresses of gap 2017 a after country NHP the of (NHP) policy health new a of release the saw 2017 year The iity f n Hat ad aiy efr (MoHFW) Welfare Family and Health and of Ministry 2 n sseai apoc t ades eeoeet i mcontin aeuc ars regions. across adequacy micro-nutrient in heterogeneity address to approach systematic and Reducing healthcare. promotive and preventive approach on based focus assurance incremental with progressively advocates It - approach based Assurance micro-nutrient deficiencymicro-nutrient - There is a focus on reducing micro-nutrient malnourishment (DGHS) is an attached office which renders technical advice on all medical all on advice technical renders which office attached an is (DGHS) ih oue atnin n eeomn o euain and education of development on attention focused with F AMIL Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, and Yoga Ayurveda, of Ministry HEAL a to eatet - departments two has WELF Y H AND TH www.iasscore.in eatet of Department ARE Directorate Notes 3. 2. 1. • • are includes: that components • services programmatic healthcare main The quality needs. & people’s to affordable responsive equitable, and to accountable access universal envisages NHM The 2. 1. sub-missions: two its has (NHM) Mission Health National The Health Initiatives National Health Mission (iii) e) d) c) b) a) Vaccines New • • Elimination Tetanus Neonatal and Maternal • • Indradhanush Mission Diseases. Non-Communicable and Communicable of Control (RMNCH+A). Health Adolescent and Child Reproductive-Maternal-New-born areas. urban and rural in strengthening system Health (NUHM). Mission Health Urban National and (NRHM); Mission Health Rural National (iv) oaiu Vaccine. Rotavirus Vaccine. Polio Inactivated Immunization. Routine strengthening Karayakaram by Suraksha and delivery Shishu institutional Janani improve and to (JSY) (JSSK) Yojana Suraksha Janani like programmes innovative by systems health of strengthening the through Elimination MNT achieved Country for validated been has India annum. 2015. per district every neonatal in one birth December date of target than the before well May 2015, in elimination tetanus and Neonatal Maternal live less as 1000 defined per is case (MNTE) tetanus Elimination Tetanus Neonatal and Maternal cent per 90 least at to 2020. coverage by immunization children full increase to is scheme the of objective The rounds. immunization routine during vaccinated not or vaccinated partially havebeen who children those all coverto 2014 in launched was Indradhanush Mission integrated an at experience. aims citizen efficiency,improves and and and transparency, stake-holders all system of needs healthcare the serves the which system of information health outcome for and tools digital efficiency of the deployment extensive improving advocates policy The - health digital of Application run. long the in population provide Indian to for manufacturing products local indigenous incentivize customized to need the advocates It - initiative Make-in-India nuoocl ojgt Vcie o Pneumonia. for Vaccine Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine. JE Adult Vaccine. (MR) Rubella Measles as Vaccine Rubella ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 9 Notes 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 10 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Programme Affection Absolute Mother’s • • Karyakram Swasthya Kishor Rashtriya • • Karyakram Swasthya Bal Rashtriya • Day Deworming National • • Fortnight Control Diarrhoea Intensified • • c) b) a) are: RKSK adolescents. under of intervention needs The information, diverse provide the to meet to launched services was and (RKSK) commodities Karyakram Swasthya Kishor Rashtriya The the across manner phased a in covered country.be to expected are age of 30 years 0-18 between of Children facilities. management health tertiary free Early at and surgery and including disability conditions Screening health including birth, identified Health at delays defects i.e., Child development Ds, 4 for deficiencies, of diseases, management provision and detection entails early through 2013 Services in Intervention launched initiative This is albendazole centres. of anganwadi dose and schools at single group age wherein of years (NDD) 1-19 from Day children to Deworming administered National called day single strategy a adopted has Ministry the infections, (STH) Helminth Transmitted Soil combat To corners. IYCF and establishing ASHA by visits home by activities ORS feeding child young sites, and infant of promotion treatment, demonstration their and ORS-zinc children under-nourished of detection visitation, establishing home through ASHA by distribution provision, activities, service generation awareness management activities, advocacy diarrhoea of intensification include activities zero of Main aim ultimate the with diarrhoea. children childhood in to due mortality deaths diarrhoeal child combat to programme a is It award/recognition. and delivery at monitoring breastfeeding points, for support skilled level, community at counselling personal inter and breastfeeding of promotion awarenessgeneration, rates. - are programme breastfeeding the enhance of components key to The and systems protection health promotion, through towards practices efforts breastfeeding revitalize to of is support programme MAA breastfeeding. the of of promotion goal on The in focus launched undiluted was bring programme to intensified attempt an an in is 2016 which Affection” Absolute Mother’s - “MAA ae ipsl mechanisms. disposal environmentally safe of knowledge with them to available and made napkins are sanitary products safe quality,of high use the and hygiene menstrual about information and knowledge Scheme: Hygiene Menstrual supervised through boys supplementation. IFA and girls of ingestion adolescent weekly amongst situation anaemia prevailing the Supplementation: Folic Iron Weekly rm eua ad utie pe euain oeig urto, eul n reproductive health. and mental sexual and GBV) (including nutrition, violence and injuries misuse, covering substance NCDs, for education conditions and health, peer sustained and regular from Programme: Educator Peer The Programme aims to ensure that adolescents are benefited are adolescents that ensure to aims Programme The The scheme aims to ensure that adolescent girls havegirls adolescent that ensure adequate to aims scheme The IS s vdne ae pormai rsos to response programmatic based evidence is WIFS www.iasscore.in Notes 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. • • Transplant Organ • • Kayakalp • • Programme Dialysis National Mantri Pradhan • • • Abhiyan Matritva Surakshit Mantri Pradhan • Yojana Suraksha Janani • Karyakram Suraksha Shishu Janani f ra dnto fo dcae persons. deceased per from as donation activities organ of the out carrying promotion manpowerand of training for 1994, Act, Tissues and Organs Human launched of Transplantation was Programme Transplant Organ National healthcare control. public infection to cleanliness, and given of hygiene protocols are of standards meeting certificates i.e., performance, exemplary show commendation that facilities and awards initiative this Under facilities. health public in practices control infection and hygiene cleanliness, promote to launched wereawards Kayakalp services. availed have patients lakhs 1.43 which from operational made been have machines dialysis 2,319 and units dialysis 1,069 far,facility. So per machines 10 to up extended be will and machines dialysis districts. 6 have will facility 384 every this, in Under support states with and States/UTs implemented with been shared has been have programme mode the PPP in hospitals district in services dialysis for poor.Guidelines for services dialysis free of provision for states all to provided being is Support at Abhiyan the in facilities. participate to health sector government private which the to sector strategies appealing developing and private campaign; awareness generating the with for for engagement volunteer to for practitioners private approach motivating systematic includes a follows programme facilities. The health government 2nd/ designated their in at women pregnancy to of services trimesters care 3rd antenatal of package minimum month. a every guarantees of PMSMA 9th of the free on care, women antenatal pregnant all quality to and universally comprehensive cost, assured, provide to aims programme The women. pregnant poor among delivery institutional Health promoting by National mortality neonatal the and maternal under reduce to is intervention objective The motherhood Mission. safe a is (JSY) Yojana Suraksha Janani section. in caesarean including deliveringdelivery expense no and women free absolutely to pregnant institutions health public all entitles scheme (JSSK) Karyakram Suraksha Shishu Janani d) o rvd a oln sse fr rcrmn ad itiuin f ras n tsus n to and tissues and organs of donation. tissue distribution and and organ procurement deceased promote for system online an provide to Organization Transplant Tissue and Organ (NOTTO) was National New Hospital, Delhiincluding at set-up Registrya Safdarjung National (NOTTR) organization, level apex an this, Under o ute eup h pe euaos te iity anhd Sahy Rsuc Kt in Kit” Resource “Saathiya launched Ministry the 2017. educators, peer the equip further To ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 11 Notes 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 12 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Care Health Mental • Aspataal Mera • (HIS) System Information Hospital • • Portal Health National • • Yojana Suraksha Swasthya Mantri Pradhan • • • AIDS & HIV • • ilig OD, e pra, n mbl application. mobile and portal, web (OBD), dialling patients’ on information collect to system outbound (SMS), service message short viz., approach, multi-channel a feedback using satisfaction of level based IT an is application Hospital) (My level. better CHC achieve upto to facilities processes health hospital public of in delivery automation service for and hospitals efficiency in implemented being is It health including diseases and ambulances. banks, health blood on hospitals, - information services for directory etc.; commissions access programmes, policies, standards, regulations, point on messages: single a as serves It languages). six to (currently information languages related different health in providing stakeholders healthcare and for citizens portal citizen as functioning is (NHP) (GMCs). Colleges Medical Govt existing of Upgradation and country; regions underserved the in institutes of like AIIMS new of up Setting - components two has PMSSY affordable/reliable the in of education the availability medical quality country. the of for facilities in areas augmenting also imbalances underserved and services regional the healthcare tertiary in correcting care, at clinical aims and It research country. education, medical in capacity The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) envisages tertiary healthcare creation of testing, prevention, HIV to services. right have counseling shall and state the treatment of custody and care the informed in ensuring person research. Every by clinical services and treatment healthcare testing, to HIV-related for access confidentiality enhance and to consent aims also insurance and Act healthcare providing The or services. office private or public for standing property, a renting in 2030 Nations. by United A person living withAIDS be cannot epidemic treated unfairly the at employment, educational establishments, by the set end goals to development aims sustainable 2017, the Act, with Control) accordance and (Prevention AIDS and HIV authority health mental state and central in as care-givers such their and authorities problem statutory health mental with persons mental of of representation delivery with in healthcare sectors private and government both of accountability increases Act The appropriate and quality to services. access improving healthcare for mental to mechanisms respect. able institutional and the are dignity strengthens they of It that life a ensure live to to problem able health are and mental care with optimum mental people receive for of rights order framework in the services statutory healthcare protect mental to of rights-based provision a in equity adopts and equality 2017 strengthens and Act, health Care Health Mental The www.iasscore.in Notes 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. at Government hospitals. The financial assistance to such patients is released in the form of “one time “one of form the in released is patients such to assistance financial The hospitals. Government at treatment medical receive to diseases, threatening life major from suffering are who line,poverty below living patients the to assistance financial provide to 1997 in up set was (RAN) Nidhi Arogya Rashtriya Nidhi Arogya Rashtriya • System Tracking Child and Mother • • • Programme Surveillance Disease Integrated • Yojana Bima Swasthya Rashtriya • • Programme Control Tuberculosis • SUGAM • Academy Mobile hr i rsn ted f lnse, t s netgtd y h RT o igoe n cnrl the control and e-mail/portal diagnose to through RRT the data by investigated is weekly it illnesses, report outbreak. of trend Whenever trends. rising districts disease is for cent there SSU/DSU by per analyzed are 90 data weekly The (www.idsp.nic.in). than rapid trained more through phase Presently, rising early in outbreaks to teams. respond response disease and monitor detect to to diseases prone and epidemic trends for system surveillance disease IT-enabled based laboratory decentralized a strengthening/maintaining include under strategies and objectives main The scheme sponsored UTs. and centrally States a all is in implemented (IDSP) NHM Programme Surveillance Disease Integrated workers). sanitation and workers mine pickers, rag pullers, rickshawdrivers, taxi workers, beedi vendors, street workers, unorganized workers,railway domestic construction porters, of and beneficiaries,building (MGNREGS categories workers 11 and BPL defined has It beneficiaries. the to care health quality to access improved give will which hospitalization, requires empanelled that private diseases the or of public most any for hospitals in treatment cashless provide to is (RSBY) of objectives The consumables. and diagnostics drugs, resource, human for governments State/UT the to support provides government the (RNTCP), Programme Control Tuberculosis National Revised Under India. in problem public major health a be to ceases TB until infection of transmission cut and TB to due morbidity and The goal of Revised National Tuberculosis (RNTCP)Control Programme is to decrease mortality of processes the in involved Citizens) Regulators, CDSCO. Industry, (Pharma stakeholders multiple for window single a Provides cosmetics. and vaccines devices, medical committee, ethics trials,clinical drugs, for mainly online approvals of grant & processing tracking, their applications, of Launched by Central Drugs Standards Control Organisation (CDSCO) enables online submission skills. communication their improve ASHAs of and base knowledge the refresh and expand to designed course training audio free a is It morbidity. and MMR, IMR, improving of objective an with children to immunization services care post-natal and and antenatal of delivery timely facilitate to UTs & states the all across system tracking individual-based an is (RCH) application Health ReproductiveChild and MCTS ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 13 Notes ys Sses f Healthcare of Systems Ayush of propagation and development care. optimal health the ensure of to systems 2014 AYUSH in formed was AYUSH of Ministry The • • e-Health/M-Health • • Programmes Flagship • • • • Research Medical of Council Indian o e u Sae lns Assac Fn (IF t te xet f 0 e cn o cnrbto md by made contribution of cent per 50 of territories. extent the government/union to state (SIAF) Fund Assistance Illness legislature) State (with up territories set states/union to to grant-in-aid provides Under also received. government being is central treatment scheme the the which in hospital the of Superintendent Medical the to grant” 14 Health Health Research AYUSH ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India apn o mlra n msut-ei cniin, eeoe mdl fr rdcig filariasis. predicting for models on developed studies conditions, initiated mosquito-genic Assam, and Upper malaria for JE technology of space of mapping system of warning use early promote an and developed health has human ICMR on tools, change climate of impact the address To platform. mobile for using system (MosQuit) surveillance disease malaria based mobile a developed has ICMR tools. technology space the of promote use and e-Health/M-Health using on efforts its focusing is ICMR time, changing the With populations. tribal amongst services of five delivery in mile initiated last project in pilot gap finding bridging case for Active states districts. 100 across underway currently is study industry.Feasibilitythe and DBT ICMR, with collaboration in developed been has TB/MDR-TB for Initiative: Diagnostic to TB questions scientific mode. overarching mission address a in to TB major collaborators) tackle all together international bring to (with aims players that consortium national development and research TB India establish to Consortium: Research TB India The constant and considerable demonstrated has impact health and and output growth. health research environmental Its and occupational research. health, systems child and maternal and nutrition, reproduction including concerns health public current to commitment its demonstrated also has ICMR Poliomyelitis. and national of diseases various Leprosy understanding Filariasis,Kala-azar,AIDS, tuberculosis, encephalitis,Japanese malaria, as in such importance contributions scientific significant its made has through ICMR country dissemination. the knowledge and in collaboration, organization development, research professional medical research, premier to commitments and apex the remained has It internationally. a and over India in For both (IRFA). research biomedical Association of Fund Research Indian the as century, ICMR has spearheaded planning, formulation, and coordination, promotion implementation, 1911 in established Research Medical was of Council Indian (ICMR) the world, the in bodies research medical oldest the of one As Truenat Rif, an indigenous, cost effective, rapid molecular diagnostic kit diagnostic molecular rapid effective, cost indigenous, an Rif, Truenat CR ok la ad ntae a e fasi programme flagship new a initiated and lead a took ICMR www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • ol poue ypos f dsae n elh pol smlr o hs o pol sfeig from suffering people of those to similar examined scientifically people physician German a Hahnemann, healthy Samuel Friedrich disease.Dr. Christian the in disease a of symptoms produce could language. Tamil in experiences their recorded and system the towards this contributed have who of to those development said are are systematic Siddhars Siddhars Eighteen and medicine. achievements in means perfection Siddha achieved have term The culture. Dravidian with links physicians. (850-923 Unani Razi the by by Al-Havi written in books others AD), a many (980-1037 Al-Qanoon, in (Avicena) in and Sina documented AD) Bu-Ali was of India. medicine Sheikh medicines by and of some classics, system and Syria medical This medicines China, origin. herbal mineral mostly Iran, of and occurring Arab, fusion marine naturally The animals, Egypt, of disease. use like the of on civilizations prevention emphasizes and ancient It health of positive knowledge of traditional promotion the to relating practices and knowledge well-established on based is It period. medieval the during India in itself establishing and restorative, and promotive potential. health curative great as has well It as planes. preventive disease spiritual and on nature moral of principles mental, constructive with physical, living Naturopathy harmonious treatment. advocates that of medicine principles of and system disease a is and health of concept own its has It philosophy. care. health system of this systems other of any speciality with The along disorders. get can psychosomatic related it or lifestyle that related in is Yoga of lifestyle of many management potentials of and therapeutic treatment health the the demonstrated of lucidly have promotion studies diseases, clinical Several of disorders. prevention the in role its heritage. spiritual our of part become has being and is Yoga lifestyle grammarian. healthy Sanskrit of well-known part most as the practiced Panini, to according Yogameanings important word most the the are two of - These knowledge. ‘Samadhi’ absolute the means and which mind ‘Yuja’ root of state different highest a the from derived is second the and ‘Union’ or ‘Yujir’ root the from comes first the meanings; two ‘Yoga’has word The mind. and body between harmony A uvd’ ieal mas Sine f ie. yrea s vle fo te aiu Vdc hymns Vedic various the from evolved is Ayurveda Life”. of “Science means literally ‘Ayurveda’ Ayurveda The physicians from the time of Hypocrites (around 400 B.C.) have observed that certain substances certain that B.C.) haveobserved 400 (around Hypocrites of time the from physicians The Homoeopathy close its having India in medicine of systems ancient the of one is medicine of System Siddha The Siddha before countries many through passed and Greece in originated medicine of system Unani The Unani founded well on based therapy less drug a and healing and health of science a is Naturopathy Naturopathy credentials, values,therapeutic spiritual its of because world-wide Yogapopular is era, present the In bringing on focuses which living healthy of science and art an is it and spiritual essentially Yogais Yoga .. Dam, rh, aa n Mkh. yrea ae a itgae ve o te physical, the of view integrated an these between aspects. interrelationships takes the about and Ayurveda beings human of aspects Moksha. social and spiritual and mental, available Kama fully Artha, Ayurveda Dharma, of life, i.e., treaties of goals the main achieving for pre-requisite the a and as considered are is Samhita health Ayurveda, BC to Charak today. According 2500 The health. around and developed disease Samhita life, Sushruta about philosophies fundamental the in rooted ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 15 Notes • • • • • • • Education ASUSH imparting Institutes Autonomous • utvto ad lo l rud eeomn o mdcnl lns sector. plants medicinal of development round all also as and acts cultivation and 2000 in established was plants related initiatives and to plan and Board provide financial support to programmes relating The to conservation,medicinal country. of matters planning strategic in Agencies the and departments all ministries, concerned the to in body co-ordinates advisory sector which body plants national medicinal apex to an relating is (NMPB) Board Plants Medicinal National Board Plants Medicinal National • • • • is: mission the of objective The Objectives Mission AYUSH National 16 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India motne f h fv csooia pyia eeet i te omto o te ua bd, the body, human the measures. of antidote; remedial formation the through the and in disorders treatment elements of the physical nature on of cosmological emphasizes five method Sowa-Rigpa pharmacology. the the (v) of lastly (iii) and importance disease; locus treatment; the the cure as the that mind i.e. the medicines and (iv) antidote, etc. body the (ii) arthritis, (i) of: bronchitis, treatment; terms asthma, in of explained like throughout, is diseases Sowa-Rigpa regions of chronic theory Himalayan basic managing The in in effective practised is and Sowa-Rigpa vogue etc. in Darjeeling, Sikkim, been Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal has (J&K), Laddakh and Leh It in particularly years. 2500 than more Parliament. the by then and 1948 in Assembly Constituent the by was passed Homoeopathy Resolution by Homoeopathy. recognition a official received and of missionaries European by principles A.D. 1810 around fundamental India into brought the codified and phenomenon this ot Esen nttt o Auvd & oooah, Shillong. Homoeopathy, & Ayurveda of Institute Eastern North Delhi. New Ayurveda, of Institute India All Chennai. Siddha, of Institute National Bengaluru. Medicine, Unani of Institute National Kolkata. Homoeopathy, of Institute National Jamnagar. Ayurveda, in Research and Teaching Graduate Post of Institute Jaipur. Ayurveda, of Institute National entrepreneurs. for infrastructure of development and and marketing addition value warehousing, cultivation, of convergence through clusters of up setting Support Practices. quality Agricultural/Collection/Storage for mechanism Good certification standards, support and to materials raw as quality so (GAPs) of Practices supply sustained Agricultural provide Good adopting by plants medicinal of cultivation Support educational AYUSH upgrading through mechanism. level enforcement ASUSH and state Laboratories Testing Drug the Pharmacies, ASUSH Govt. at State institutions, capacity institutional strengthen To (DHs). Hospitals District (PHCs), and Centres (CHCs) Health Centres Primary Health at facilities Community AYUSH AYUSH of upgrading co-location through Dispensaries, access and universal Hospitals an with Services, AYUSH effective cost provide To of history living a with world the of traditions health surviving oldest the among is Sowa-Rigpa Sowa-Rigpa www.iasscore.in Chapter

Notes • • • initiatives. Smart few urbanization. are HRIDAY AMRUT, of Mission, potential Bharat Swachh and All, opportunities for vast Housing the Mission, tap Cities simultaneously to designed been has initiatives of range a challenges, these of backdrop the In with. associated is urbanization day present that the complexities the to adjusting in behind lag to tended also havesystems fiscal and governance Urban and infrastructure services. housing, in gaps demand-supply of form the in largely challenges, significant presents per 60 whereby economy Indian the of in cities. time,the same At to accrue is estimated domestic product gross the country’s urbanization structure cent of the in shift important an in brought has Urbanization 2001. in cent to risen per has 7.6 population from urban in cent share per whose towns 14.5 census of population unprecedented and an numbers (ii) and the cities, in metropolitan increase of share population rising and numbers increasing (i) by: population In slum recent decades, million. India’sthe and pattern of urbanization 377 has (2011) undergone an important shift 31.2% of which is characterised to population (2001) urban 27.8% of from 18% increased comprises has areas urban in population proportion Towns.of Also, Census 3,894 Townsand the Statutory 4,041 2011, comprising India 7,935 of is towns Census per of number As development. economic of determinant important an is Urbanization ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India Pradhan Mantri AwasMantri Pradhan Yojana - Housing for All (Urban) Mission d) c) b) follows: as poor urban a) of segments different for interventions Government envisages It others. and slums in living poor, urban targets Mission The 2022. by all for housing facilitate To 3 lakh per EWS house in projects where 35% of the houses are mandatorily for EWS category. EWS for mandatorily are houses the of 35% where projects in house EWS per sectors: lakh private and public with partnership in housing LIG. Affordable and EWS both for house per lakh 2.3 at about at payable be remain would interest would subvention basis NPV interest on that payout subsidy then vary,the would even subvention so varies,after payable interest rate and categories 6.5% interest EWS/LIG If 4%. subsidy: both than linked less for is credit 6.5% present at through section subvention weaker rate for interest housing affordable of Promotion projects. such all eligible all in for average an dwellers on house slum per lakh 1 of grant rehabilitation slum – resource a as land rehabilitation: Slum qm cre ae ae o e rvdd ih ai cvc nrsrcue ie, ae, sanitation, water, i.e., infrastructure, civic basic 30 with to provided up of be Houses to project. are a make area states/cities carpet if otherwise sq.m. or slums in category EWS for enhancement: or construction house individual beneficiary-led for Subsidy eeeomn o sus ih atcpto o piae eeoes using developers private of participation with slums of Redevelopment ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India HOUSING eta assac a 1.5 at assistance Central www.iasscore.in 1.5 lakh per house per lakh 1.5 The 17 Notes 3. 2. 1. components: following has DAY-NULM • • • • • • • Sub-Mission Technology • • • 18 Deendayal Deendayal Antyodaya LivelihoodsYojana Urban - National Mission ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India sitne o sil eeomn/prdn o te ra po t ehne hi cpct fr self- for capacity their employment. enhance to salaried poor better urban or the employment of development/upgrading skill (EST&P): for assistance Placement and Training Skills stakeholders. through other Employment and CBOs NGOs, bankers, levels, city/town functionaries and government State federations/collectives, Central, their at and SHGs of building capacity continuous (CB&T): Training and Building Capacity federations/ their and collectives. (SHGs) Groups Self-Help credit-based and thrift into households (SM&ID): poor urban Development Institution and Mobilization Social market emerging accessing for skills and security social credit, opportunities. institutional access spaces, facilitating by vendors suitable street to urban of concerns livelihood addresses Mission the Moreover, manner. phased a in homeless urban to services essential with beggars, equipped shelters providing at workers, DAY-NULMalso directed under Activities are domestic pickers, rag vendors, etc. street especially workers, as and construction such labourers, minorities, STs, groups migrant SCs, as destitute, occupational such disabilities, vulnerable population with urban persons of households, sections vulnerable female-headed of mobilisation on laid is DAY-NULM. as renamed emphasis particular and DAY-NULM homeless been urban poor,including of urban target is has primary The it and towns statutory all cover to enhanced been has NULM of YojanaAntyodayascope (DAY).Deendayal The as named and converged been have Livelihoods Mission(NRLM) Rural and National Mission Livelihoods (NULM) Urban The National technologies. friendly environment and resistant disaster deploying in states/cities assist To and zones; geo- various climatic for suitable plans building and designs layout of adoption and preparation facilitate To houses; of construction quality and faster for material building and technologies innovative, green modern, of adoption To facilitate area. municipal for concerned eligible the surrounds be which would and towns subsequently statutory to notified respect with towns notified as area and planning the include 2011 to flexibility have will census States/UTs Mission. the under per coverage as towns statutory All revised be can limits These lakh. required. 3-6 if between income Ministry annual by with group income low and lakh of income 3 annual with poor urban as defined are sections weaker economically country. Mission, the the Under of part any in family his/her any of of or name member his/her in either house’ ‘pucca a own not should family beneficiary The daughters. criteria: Beneficiary ak ad lyrud, ieiod ete etc. centre, livelihood playgrounds, and parks centre, community as such infrastructure social and etc., line, power,telephone sewerage, road, A beneficiary family A beneficiary will comprise husband, wife, unmarried son and/unmarried mlirne apoc i pand ne NL for NULM under planned is approach multipronged A UM niae mblsto of mobilisation envisages NULM UM il ou o providing on focus will NULM www.iasscore.in Notes b) a) Bank SHG under loans disbursed and formed been have (SHGs) programme. Groups Linkage enterprises; Help micro Self individual/group lakh up 1 setting than for have more assisted beneficiaries and lakh wage/self-employment 1.98 for training; placed skill been provided been have persons lakh DAY-NULM, 6.24 Under 7. 6. 5. 4. Acts Related to Housing Sector Housing to Related Acts rus f ra po fr etn u gifl efepomn vnue/ir-nepie, utd to suited ventures/micro-enterprises, self-employment gainful up setting for poor urban of groups (SEP): Programme Self-employment • • • • 2016 Act, Development) and (Regulation Estate Real • • • 2014 Act, Vending) • Street of Regulation and Livelihood of (Protection Vendors Street at (PPCP). aimed efforts, pioneering of nature the in catalysing sustainable be approaches to urban livelihoods may through Public- Private-Community-Partnership initiatives These projects. innovative of form (I&SP): Projects supported. Special be & Innovative will services essential with equipped homeless urban the for (SUH): Homeless Urban for Shelter and development skill vendors, street Government. the of of schemes various under survey assistance social with convergence and development socio-economic enterprises micro vendors, of enablement credit Vendors: Street Urban to Support conditions. local and aptitude training, skills, their n tiuas called tribunals and buyers. and promoters Estate Real called authorities regulatory level state Establishes the between projects estate real in transactions regulates It the enhance sector. and construction country the of across mechanism growth regulatory uniform a create to seeks Act The scheme. the notified have Tripura Jharkhand, and Telangana, Nadu, Nadu, TamilTamil Rajasthan, Punjab, Odisha, Delhi, Punjab, of NCT Odisha, Pradesh, Andhra Rules. have notified Tripura and Delhi, Uttarakhand of NCT Chhattisgarh, Assam, subordinate further of framing for legislature legislation. without UTs of powers administrators the to delegated functions has and Affairs Home of Ministry Lakshadweep. and Diu & Daman Haveli, Nagar and Dadra Nicobar,Chandigarh, & Andaman UTsof for rules notified has Ministry The Act. the under mandated are which etc., schemes, rules, of is India assistingGovernment the Stategovernments/UT administrations in preparingrelevant of fear without street manner, transparent where and eviction. atmosphere fair a and conducive in harassment business a their creating out carry at to aimed able are are vendors which of provisions 2014, Act, of Govt. activities, vending street regulate Vending)Street Livelihood andRegulation Vendorsto of hasenacted theStreet India of (Protection and vendors street urban of rights the protect To tt gvrmn cn le ti aon t ls ta 70%. than project. less that to of construction amount for this used alter be can only government must State and account (Escrow) bank separate a in Account: Escrow 0 o teaon cletd rm ues o apoet ut e maintained be must project a for buyers from collected amount the of 70% el sae pelt Tribunals Appellate Estate Real This component will focus on financial assistance to individuals/ hs opnn wl cvr eeomn o vnos market, vendors of development cover will component This Under this component, the construction of permanent shelters permanent of construction the component, this Under t il ou o te rmto o nvl ntaie i the in initiatives novel of promotion the on focus will It ostl disputes. to-settle Regulatory Authorities (RERAs) Authorities Regulatory ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 19 Notes • • • • • • 3. 2. 1. Proposal the viz: on goals, underway three negotiations the the to on titled regard in MDGs) participating is Goals, Alleviation Poverty Urban Development and (Millennium Housing of Post-2015 Ministry the goals targets proposed the with 169 accordance Agenda In SDGs’. Goals,Development and ‘Sustainable goals Development 17 adopted proposed session the 68th its for in (UNGA) Assembly General Nations United The 20 Asia Asia Pacific on Conference and Housing Ministerial Urban Development DevelopmentGoals Sustainable and DevelopmentAgenda Model Model Tenancy Act ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • iity f UA a sae wt te tts n al tkhles dat oe Tnny Act, Tenancy Model draft a stakeholders all and states the with 2015. shared has HUPA of Ministry 5. 4. 3. 2. action: collaborative for 1. areas focal five following identified 2008 in APMCHUD The in (AMCHUD) Development Urban and in Housing (MINURVI), for Countries 2005. American Conference Latin Ministerial of African Development and Urban 1992 and Housing Assembly of the after Ministers UN-Habitat of of aegis areas. the these under created in bodies issues such of and third is problems APMCHUD similar The facing region (APMCHUD) the of Development context the Urban in countries, and Pacific Housing Asia on among development urban & housing sustainable promoting Conference for cooperation regional envisages Ministerial Pacific Asia The APMCHUD. the Chair first of by the of was unanimously India Region. aegis Pacific adopted Asia Declaration’the from the ‘Delhi conference the in the participating under countries in the enshrined Delhi are UN-HABITAT. APMCHUD New the of and at objectives Alleviation The Poverty held & Housing (AMCHUD), of Ministry India, Development Conference of Ministers’ Government Urban Pacific Asia and first the Housing to subsequent on 2006, December, in established was It 11). (Goal sustainable and resilient safe, inclusive, settlements human and cities Make employment productive 8). (Goal and all full for work growth, decent economic and sustainable and inclusive sustained, Promote 1). (Goal everywhere forms its all in poverty End ra dvlpet ih eeec t ntrl iatr, t. La cuty Rpbi of Republic - country (Lead etc. disasters, natural to Indonesia). reference with development Urban and Korea); of Republic - country (Lead Maldives); aspects and Financing Lanka Sri by lead jointly be (To services Basic Iran); of Islamic-Republic - country (Lead aspects upgradation India); of Slum Republic - country (lead Management and Planning Rural and Urban for scope any eliminate to order wrongdoing. in area, terrace open exclusive and area verandah or balcony shafts, exclusivewalls, services areas under external coveredexcludingarea the the by apartment, Area: Carpet cre ae hs en lal dfnd s h nt sbe lo ae o an of area floor usable net the as defined clearly been has area carpet A www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • B. A. • Partners in Progress Partners Technology Space of Use aaeet nomto Sse (MIS): System Information Management and residential properties; balancing the rights and responsibilities of landlords and tenants through tenants and landlords of responsibilities and rights the balancing properties; residential commercial and for tenancy of regulation the for framework follows: as are model this of highlights The in the field. As the technology promotion council, it is assisting the Ministry in implementation of implementation in Ministry the assisting is it council, promotion technology the As field. the in (BMTPC): in 1990, has been the innovative promoting Council andalternate building materials and construction technologies Promotion for Technology 2022”. And especially by Material all construction Building for track “Housing providing fast of achieving goal the for of attainment upgradation skill through technologies Limited: projects. Prefab Hindustan infrastructure urban and housing of promotion and financing in engaged (HUDCO): Corporation Development and Urban Housing real-time a on states and (ULBs) Bodies Local Urban city,basis. the of progress the online monitor To online. candidates successful to awarded be would certificates and details placement and training attendance, biometric beneficiaries, of details include would MIS The (NULM). Mission Livelihood Urban National of the progress monitoring hasbeendesigneddeveloped for System (MIS) and Management Information of etc. minutes Committee, with Monitoring along and projects these Sanctioning Central of status the approval queries, appraisal, those from of right compliances project and each queries captures Portal System: Management Poverty Urban Integrated Tools Based Technology Space government/employee for applicable not and buildings. religious non-vacancy; and housing/charity of case through in landlord compensation the by courts; premises the rent of repossession tribunals; for rent process through adjudication disputes fast of of resolution process outlays authorities rent with contracts rental of etc.; tenants,registration and landlord of payable,obligations rents inheritance, period, defines contracts; rental • • etrs f e-agn pra fr PMAY-HFA(U) of include: for portal component geo-tagging of beneficiary-led Features the under constructed photographs. houses geo-tagged through of PMAY-HFA(U) Mission, progress physical track application geo-tagging through to developed HUPA has Hyderabad, of (NRSC), Centre Ministry Sensing deliverables, Remote mission National the monitor and implement effectively To eess f ud t bnfcay ad sn ti dt, ifrn MS eot evsgd o use for envisaged reports MIS Centre/state/ULBs. different data, by this using and beneficiary; to funds of releases ii. i. t il ep n orc ietfcto o bnfcais mntrn o cntuto ad timely and construction of monitoring beneficiaries, of identification correct in help will It htgah t b ulae o Bua GoPra; nerto wt oln MS being MIS online with integration Geo-Portal; Bhuvan on uploaded be to photographs. Photographs periodic taking by construction existing monitoring of and photographs beneficiary geo-tagged with taking houses for devices held hand on application Mobile eeoe fr MYHA Ubn Mission. PMAY-HFA (Urban) for developed HPL is focusing to promote adoption of prefabricated and pre-engineered and of prefabricated adoption promote to is focusing HPL HUDCO is a techno-financial institution ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India MP, ic is inception its since BMTPC, www.iasscore.in 21 Notes • • • 22 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India s okn a sceait f h Tcnlg SbMsin n i hs en eintd s n o the of one as designated been has it and Sub-Mission Technology the of secretariat as working is BMTPC it. under Mission TechnologySub the anchoring by Yojana Awas(Urban) Mantri Pradhan f h coeaie osn sco. h piay betv o NH i t pooe gie and guide promote, to is NCHF of objective cooperatives. housing primary of The activities sector. coordinate housing cooperative the of (NCHF): India of Federation Housing Cooperative National basis. Loss” Profit-No “No on Central the employees for units dwelling Government of construction for organization ‘welfare’ a as MoHUPA of aegis the (CGEWHO): Organisation Housing Welfare Employees’ Government Central areas in etc. researchers housing, and slums, poverty, planners policy-makers, urban urban to nodal governments/ relating of the needs state as MIS and act with data and to and collaborates catering institutes agency housing and institutions/statistical on training coordinates and It information authorities/research country. statistical municipal the of in activities dissemination and construction tabulation collection, in involved (NBO): Organisation Building National states. various from projects of scrutiny for agencies B i a atce ofc o Mnsr o HP ad is and HUPA of Ministry of office attached an is NBO NCHF is a nation-wide organization nation-wide a is NCHF www.iasscore.in It functions under functions It Chapter

Notes • • • • • • • (DIPP). Promotion and Policy Industrial of Industrial Department for (SIA), Secretariat the Assistance with (IEM) sector Memorandum public Entrepreneurs’ Industrial for an reserved file not to required and are licensing compulsory Atomic under covered only not Industries present, sector. At public for reduced. been reserved are also sectors maintenance and has operation construction, than sector other Operations Railway public and Energy for reserved industries manufactured of number and The tobacco of cigarettes and cigars (iv) substitutes. and tobacco isocyanate); methyl (example its and specified acid hydrocyanic fuses, elsewhere not i.e.,hydrocarbon, safety of chemicals, disocyanates and isocyanates fuses, derivativesand hazardous its and electronic derivatives;phosgene specified detonating (i) (iii) including are: matches; explosives These and industrial cellulose concerns. gunpowder, (ii) environmental equipment; and defence industries strategic and the security, aerospace of to most for related abolished those been Specific has for arena. licensing global except Industrial the further. in it boost player to and taken partner were major steps a to into productivity; India transform in international to growth attain and to competitiveness; sustained resources; human a of utilization maintain optimal achieve to to employment; seeks gainful enhance Government the of Policy INDUSTRIAL ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India Trends Core in Eight Industries Growth of Production Index of Industrial f ol rfnr pout, etlzr, te ad lcrct rgsee pstv got, ih steel with growth. negative growth, and registered gas positive natural production oil, crude cement registered hand, other the electricity On cent. per and 10.7 of growth steel positive most the fertilizers, registering products, production The cent. refinery per 4.8 coal, of growth of a registered and steam recovered ICI the 2016-17, year. During base fixed using calculated Index production monthly a electricity. is and It cement steel, fertilizers, products, refinery petroleum gas, natural oil, crude coal, i.e.,industries, core eight of performance the measures (ICI) industries core eight of Index The the of sector structure 3 current comprises the It of representative more is 2011-12 sector. year industrial base 2011-12. with to series 2004-05 from latest 2017 May,The in IIP of year base the revised CSO (CSO). Office Statistics Central by and month compiled is every which performance released industrial of measure a is (IIP) Production Industrial of Index 4 s - mining , man uf cuig n electricity and acturing . INDUSTR ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in Y 23 Notes • • • • • • • • 2. 1. 24 National Manufacturing Policy Industrial/Economic Corridors Make Make in India ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India The focus will be on creating more high-end jobs, as also on reducing unemployment and disguised unemployment. and unemployment reducing on also as jobs, high-end more creating on be will focus The potential. creation and job tourism their as such for Sectors important India. from are Serve hospitality embrace to enlarged get thus would employment India in greatest Make the have which sectors, service include to reach potential. its expand economy. also the should of It evolution with potential creation in relevance job lose maximize that to sectors economy, removing evolving while an devices medical like redefining sectors involves new which adding adopted was sectors, the Strategy’ Year ‘Seven a initiative India in Make the Under – – – – – – – are: policy the for of incentives instruments/features provide Important basis. and (PPP) framework, Partnership Private policy Public enabling a on the development create infrastructure states. will the government with partnership central in The growth industrial of principle the on based is policy so.The or decade the a within enhancing jobs million 100 of creating and objectivecent per 25 the to GDP with in manufacturing 2011 of in share notified was (NMP) Policy Manufacturing National • Trust Implementation and Development Corridor Industrial National • Corridor: Industrial Mumbai Delhi oenet rcrmn; n seil ou sectors. focus special and procurement; Government Financial and institutional mechanisms for technology development, including green technologies. measures. gradation up skill and training Industrial SMEs. for Incentives units. manufacturing for mechanism exit expeditious and Simple regulations. business of simplification and Rationalization (NIMZs). Zones Manufacturing and Investment National and Development Corridor Industrial National as (NICDIT). Trust re-designated Implementation and expanded been has It (VCIC) Corridor Industrial Vizag-Chennai with corridor Economic Coast East and (CBIC) Corridor Industrial Chennai-Bengaluru (BMEC), Corridor in are corridors industrial more four assurance project, namely DMIC of importance and success the of view In investment and world. the manufacturing in projects global infrastructure a as 2011. since progress (WDFC) significant made has and destination Corridor Freight Dedicated Western the of sides both on developed being is project (DMIC) Corridor Industrial Mumbai Delhi The Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) Economic Bengaluru-Mumbai It is considered as one of the largest the of one as considered is It at the initial phase of development. of phase initial the at www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • policy FDI sectors. brought of has government number the a past, in recent investor-friendly. In reforms more it make to view a other with basis, important ongoing and an on reviewed very is industries policy FDI the are inflows, infrastructure, FDI encouraging For investment. investment with of together funding of for nature capital the practicesand technology new management in bring stable more and Equity inflows are economic ventures. of in availability particularly augmenting to countries, contributors other from inflows Capital • • • • • • oenet ad h Fdrto o Ida Cabr f omre n Idsr (IC) A full- A (FICCI). Industry and Commerce of Chamber Indian of Federation state the (DIPP), Promotion and and Policy governments Industrial of Department the between venture joint a as Agency, Facilitation and Promotion Investment National the as India” “Invest established has government The India: Invest efforts. their synergize 2016. and in operationalized collaborate and developed can was app ecosystem mobile and Startup portal the web India of Startup stakeholders platform a the as serve to all 2017 in where launched was Hub Online India Startup version, digital The Startups. exchange knowledge handhold and enable queries resolve and to 2016 in ecosystem operationalized was Hub Startup India Startup entire funding. to access the and for contact of point single a create To Hub India Startup Foreign Foreign Direct Investment Startup India S 24 blin n 000 t U$ 34 blin n 2016-17. in billion 43.48 US$ from to risen have 2000-01 inflows in equity billion Its 2000-01. 2.46 since US$ significant quite been have India to with inflows par FDI at investment domestic be to residents. deemed by now is made basis investment non-repatriation on (OCIs) India of OverseasCitizens and (PIOs) Origin Indian e-commerce.Personsof (NRIs), Indians Resident Non Investmentsby of model marketplace in permitted automatic now under FDI is 100% sector. route E-commerce on FDI for guidelines issued has government The conditions. controlled under route automatic under 100% was allowed apiculture and aquaculture pisciculture, dogs), of breeding (including husbandry animal in FDI and “Simplification as such Startups. to areas provided is support across active which spanning under announced Plan were and Action talent the seekers. handholding”, under “Funding support and incentives” job and “Industry-academia partnership and emerging incubation” of items instead creators nurture Action job to of 19 nation a India India make of to is objective building. Government The nation of the goal larger on creating the of nations, part incumbent as of entrepreneurship growth therefore, economic is, the It driving innovation. of are culture a Startups fostering that and employment globally established is economic It in up set entrepreneurial the country. to the impetus due of long landscape a providing for strives initiative Startups. The of growth to conducive is that ecosystem an creating by innovation promoting and entrepreneurship fostering at aims initiative India Startup The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 25 Notes • • • • (CIPAM): Management and Promotion IPR for Cell • • Policy IPR National • • • • • rvt cmais n Ida Ebsis abroad. Embassies Indian and companies Private Associations, Industry India, by of Government the India in stakeholders relevant in the investing with closely very at working looking companies to support facilitation end-to-end complete provides India Investment “Start-up”. and India” in “Make - initiatives key its of two for India of Government the for arm facilitation a as acts India agency.Invest promotion investment full-fledged of a as operate Department company investments, increasing the enable to of InvestIndia to support vision funding project-based provided has India’ Promotion & Policy in Industrial ‘Make India’s investors. of potential Government of further behalf Toon agencies various with liaisoning and handholding from investment apart all queries supports which India’, ‘Invest in set-up been has Cell” Facilitation “Investment fledged 26 Intellectual Property Rights National National Design Policy ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India Focus is on spread of design education, branding of Indian designs and establishment of a Design a of establishment and designs Indian Council. of branding education, design of spread on is of Focus competitiveness enhancing in design for role key industry. a Indian envisages Policy this 2007, in Announced furthering for enforcement. steps and undertaking commercialization from awareness, apart IPR processes, IP of IPRs. streamlining and to simplifying related in issues Assist on action focused ensure to DIPP of aegis the under body professional a is policy. It the of objectives identified 7 the address to created is CIPAM for capacities and IPRs. in institutions building resources, skill and human research expand training, teaching, and strengthen and to Human strong interest; - have public development larger to of with capital owners - rights generation framework of legislative society; interests and the of balance Legal which sections laws, IPRs; IPR effective all of among generation IPRs the stimulate of to benefits IPRs; cultural and social about awareness economic, public create the to - promotion and Outreach awareness: issues. IPR IPR include objectives regarding The vision clear a innovation provide stimulate also only but not sectors, will across that creativity approved and been has policy IPR National comprehensive A hand. other the on interest public hand, as one society on IPRs the through of rights rights private and between balance fine a maintains system IP Indian The DIPP. by administered are design layout circuit integrated semiconductor and copyrights indications, geographical and designs trademarks, patents, concerning IPRs of aspects All be can it i.e., bought. trade, or of sold matter bequeathed, a be owned, can property, of form other any law, like designs; through protected IP, copyright. industrial and indications; protection geographical variety plant trademarks; layout-design; patents; circuits of integrated form semiconductor the in be could or These mind of product is matter subject its that idea intellect. the reflects (IP) Property Intellectual term The www.iasscore.in Notes • • Commerce. of • Department of estimates on based are concerned. figures industry the Tradeof production entire the of industrial reflection true by be furnished always not returns may therefore production and from units made estimates on based are production of figures The and through facilities. constraints base infrastructure institutional addressing establishing material artisans, leather raw traditional supporting augmenting development, human at concerns, resource environmental addressing units, aims leather of (ILDP) upgradation technology and Programme modernization Development Leather Indian • • • • • Indian Leather Development Leather Indian Programme Modified Industrial Infrastructure Scheme Upgradation East North Industrial and Investment Policy Promotion efrac o Slce Industries Selected of Performance f xotn trs o vr 5 countries. 75 over record to tyres track tyres consistent lakh a exporting have 3,058 companies of tyre was Indian 2016-17 The 2015-16. during during production tyres lakh tyre 3,175 against Domestic expressways. modern the that on cars passenger generation ply latest the types to buses all and using trucks tractors, country carts, the from ranging of vehicles landscape of rural and urban the across goods essential and passengers Industry: Tubes & Tyre CAGR. cent per 7-8 March, around in at crore growing 27,000 is Rs. be and to 2017 estimated was industry tile Ceramic crockery. and sanitary-ware an Industry: Ceramic with annum. per Companies tonnes 64 million an with 11.10 under plants of cement mini operating capacity 360 estimated approximately plants are There cement Cement tonnes. million world. large 410 the of 210 capacity in installed about China the after of of cement sector comprises of infrastructure manufacturer and industry largest housing second of the development is the in India economy. role crucial a plays industry The Industry: Cement 2013. July in notified was (MIIUS) Scheme Upgradation Infrastructure Industrial Modified become to competitive. potential have globally which clusters/locations functional selected in partnership of private public objective the with 2003 in through infrastructure quality providing by industry domestic launched of competitiveness industrial enhancing was (IIUS) Scheme Upgradation Infrastructure Industrial commercial of date the from years 10 of period a for 2007 NEIIPP,production. of notification of date from the years 10 within production commercial commence which and region this in anywhere located expansion industrial for go which units existing as well as new all to incentives provides scheme The Sikkim. including (NEC) Council Eastern North under recognized states east north eight covers Scheme The years 10 of 2017. period a to for notified up was and 1997, (NEIP), Policy Industrial East North of version erstwhile revised the a is 2007 (NEIIPP), Policy Promotion Investment and Industrial East North The eet s n o te ot ehooial avne idsre i te country. the in industries advanced technologically most the of one is Cement The Ceramic industry in India is about 50 years old. It comprises ceramic tiles, ceramic comprises It old. years 50 about is India in industry Ceramic The ye pa a itga rl t esr mblt icuig oeet of movement including mobility ensure to role integral an play Tyres ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 27 Notes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 New Initiatives Brand Handloom India Textiles Index Price Wholesale ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ml ad iy nt gnrtn aot .0 ah drc jb. h rbe gos ot R. 6,446.70 Rs. worth goods rubber The jobs. direct lakhs 5.50 about generating units tiny and small Industry: Goods Rubber rdt urne fr pro o 3 er i as provided. and also weaver is per years 10,000 3 Rs. of period of a maximum for a guarantee to credit Assistance Money Margin weavers. handloom the Scheme: Mudra Weavers stores. their 100 from items with IHB partnered exclusive has the It sell substance. to organic stores with retail made items handloom authentic quality, high Indian handlooms have worldwide recognition through India Handloom Brand (IHB) which guarantees economy. textiles Indian given the has this in All positioning force. unique work a skilled highly industry and talented young, the to with fibre blessed also from is It chain value textiles entire the manufacturing. apparel across and strength knitting weaving, of spinning, advantage distinctive a has India man-made and silk of producer largest second and fibre. jute and cotton of producer hand-woven largest other. the the the is India with on sector manufacturing mill of intensive range capital and diverse end and one rich on its sector for known are textiles Indian series. 2004-05 WPI the in used 697. mean to arithmetic 676 to compared as from mean geometric robust increased statistically on been based compiled being has are indices items level item The of been number has the methodology basket, and WPI coverage revised concept, the in In improvement made. significant series WPI new the In services. cover not does namely basket group’s WPI major three products. the Manufactured under and Power falling and commodities fuel covers articles, WPI primary the of basket index transactions. The of stage bulk early for of commodities level of the prices the at in sale change average the measures (WPI) Index Price Wholesale agro and wood use units These day. material. raw per as tonnes paper recovered 1,500 as well to as 5 residues from ranging capacity having mills paper large and medium small, of consisting structure, fragmented a in is industry paper Indian The respectively. lakhs Industry: Paper 16,642.13 Rs. and lakhs million. 2016- and 67,358.29 80478.18 during Rs. substitutes 1951 was tobacco was manufactured Act, 2016-17 17 or tobacco during Regulations) of import cigarettes & and export The of (Development numbers). (in production Industries The the License. to Industrial Schedule requires First the in included 2015-16. in Industry: crore Cigarette 6,035 Rs. against as 2016-17 in exported was crore ni cniud o ue s n o te ats goig ae mre i te world. the in market paper growing fastest the of one as rule to continued India h cgrte nuty s n gobsd aor nesv idsr. Cigarette industry. intensive labour agro-based an is industry cigarette The h rbe gos nuty xldn tr ad ue cnit o 4,550 of consists tubes and tyre excluding industry goods rubber The evr Mda cee a luce t poie ocsinl rdt to credit concessional provide to launched was Scheme Weavers Mudra www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • • • • • • Technical Textiles Jute Cotton mobile App in 2016 to bring efficiency in service delivery to the handloom weavers and help them help and weavers handloom the to delivery service in efficiency bring to 2016 in App mobile App: e-Dhaga ytm Lw ot oua ties sn jt fbe hv be developed. communication been have space fibres jute based using fibre toilets carbon modular cost developed Low has system. (TRA) Associations Research Textiles etc. industries apparel and sport therapy, occupational building, and aerospace, automobile,architecture in applications and of varietyhave a They lightest the are fibers tenacity High yet. Industry. fabrics textiles the toughest of future the are textiles Technical 1987. Act, Commodities) Packaging Jute Packing the around in under at Use provisions valued invoking (Compulsory sacking by Material jute foodgrains of packing purchase for annually direct crore through 6,000 also Rs. but India of Corporation by Jute operation MSP the through only not growers jute the to support provides India of Government The bales annually.lakh 80 jute about raw of of averageproduction an with world the in jute of producer largest the is India of level. agency MSP the principal touching the (kapas) price cotton is seed prevailing Ministry, of of event Textilethe Corporation in the operations MSP Cotton undertaking under for India cotton. of Undertaking Government staple Sector long Public and a staple (CCI), medium India viz., (MSP) groups Price staples Support Minimum basic announces two India for of Government industry, cotton cotton. the of support exporter To largest 2nd and 2016-17 of in production bales with world lakh the in 345 cotton of producer largest the as cotton emerged has under India was kg/ha. hectares productivity India’s 540.80 lakh 2016-17, During 105 area. world the around with of cent world per 35 the around is in which cultivation cotton under area largest the cent. has per India 59 around is cotton Indian of the proportion of 25 basket the around consumption industry, material for raw textile the accounts In country production. the fibre global and total India the in of crops cent per cash important most the of one is Cotton artisans and weavers 94,000 About country. the across Shivirs. those districts in 248 participated in 2017 in organized were families. weaver Women and BPL ST, SC, Shivirs: Sahyog Hastkala Ministry of which case for in weavers fee the the to Open of service of 75% educational provides Institute customized National provide and to (IGNOU) (NIOS) University Schooling Open National Gandhi Indira with signed weavers: handloom of children the to facilities Educational Mitra”. “Bunkar queries professional Line: Help Mitra Bunkar Bangla. and Urdu Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Odiya, Assamese,English, Hindi, - languagesavailable is 10 App basis.in The 24x7 on information access to ot f ni luce Etrrs Rsuc Pann Sse (R) n e-Dhaga and (ERP) System Planning Resource Enterprise launched India of Govt 394 Hastkala Sahyog Shivirs for handloom weaversartisans handloom handicraft and for Sahyog Shivirs Hastkala 394 o rvd a ige on o cnat o adom evr fr their for weavers handloom to contact of point single a provide To Memorandums of Understanding was Understanding of Memorandums ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 29 Notes • • • Mines: of Rating Star • • Policy Exploration Mineral National • • • • • 30 Coir Board Coir Khadi and Industries Village Commission Minerals ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ie prtr olwd y aiain hog Ida Bra o Mines. of Bureau Indian the through by validation in filled by be followed to templates operator self-evaluation mine providing system tier two a activities. as instituted their been has of It reporting objective give and parameters for environmental and leases socio- techno, economic on mines of Mines/Mining performance of of evaluation on based awarded, be to Rating are Ratings Star The Star of (SDF). Scheme Framework Development 2016 Sustainable in of launched implementation Mines of Ministry The sector. private the of enhanced through participation country the in activity exploration comprehensive the accelerating at ensure aims primarily to NMEP The adopt non-coal). will and (non-fuel Government resources the mineral the country’s that out of plan exploration spells action which the (NMEP) outlines 2016 and Policy, strategy Exploration Mineral National unveiled Government Parliament. by made law any under or by time to time India from of zones specified, maritime be other mayand zone as economic exclusive the or shelf, continental the or waters territorial the within ocean the underlying minerals and mines including India, of territory the minerals within of development and mines of regulation for legislation for responsible is Mines of Ministry thereunder. made rules and 2002 Act, other minerals and mines all than coal,of natural gas and petroleum as well asrespect Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) in thereunder (Regulationmade rules Minerals and and 1957 Mines Act, the Development) and of administration aluminium, for like and metals etc. nickel, non-ferrous gold, of lead, zinc, metallurgy copper, and mining gas, for natural minerals; than other atomic minerals, all and petroleum of exploration and survey for responsible is Mines of Ministry ensuring products; coir of manufacturers and etc. yarn manufacturers, coir and producers fibre, to coir returns remunerative husk, of coir organisations and producers cooperative promoting coir products; among of of manufacture the marketing for units of sales; establishment the internal in and exports of assisting and exporters; producers among competition unfair preventing abroad; promotion and in India products for publicity designs; and undertaking statistics include of products new of development collection alia, products; coir and coir activities; of inter consumption internal and development exports industry to relating and coir research of economic development and the technological for scientific, Board the of functions The workers the of industry. conditions promoting living traditional for the this in of 1953 engaged improvement Act, and Industry industry Coir coir the the of under development established overall body statutory a is Board Coir The economy. of rural Ministry the the strengthening thereby under areas, rural organization the statutory in a opportunities employment is providing for 2006 (KVI) Industries Village and and Khadi developing and 1987 promoting in engaged in and MSME amended as and 61 (No. 1956), Parliament of of Act the under established (KVIC) Commission Industries Village and Khadi www.iasscore.in Notes 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Organisations/Undertakings • • System: Surveillance Mining aeie e-cec dt o GI s podd n esail ltom o veig n etatn free extracting and viewing available for All platform cost. GSI. geospatial of on of uploaded activities is financial GSI of and digitally data administrative is geo-science the dissemination baseline all and besides analysis storage, system, data this platform. to in digital acquisition captured online data an from using GSI GSI of of activities workflow main The the state-of-the a all is encapsulating which system (OCBIS) enabled System IT Integrated art Business Core Online an 2017, in launched, GSI Programme Mapping Aero-geophysical National and System Integrated Business Core Online To curb on menace of illegal mining, a satellite-based monitoring system namely Mining Surveillance Mining namely system monitoring satellite-based a mining, illegal of Tomenace on curb • Mines of Bureau Indian • • • India of Survey Geological • Limited Fertilizers National • Limited Corporation Fertilizer Hindustan • Limited India of Corporation Fertilizer illegal any check to maps lease vicinity. mining the geo-referenced in on mining juxtaposed is image satellite latest The technology. detection sensing remote automatic through mineral administration responsive of regime a establish to aims which launched and developed was (MSS), System h ps-needne r, er lqet etmn t GIs otiuin o national to century. contribution half earth and comprehensive GSI’s one most last to and the largest over the developed of testimony databases one science of custodian eloquent the now bear is GSI era, development. in post-independence phenomenally expanded which the industries power and cement metal, coal, steel, vibrant The directly building. either nation involved of been areas has all almost and in manifold indirectly activities or its 163 last expanded its has in existence GSI coal, for of research years in primarily engaged department a as 1851 in Beginning is country, the the and sector. Industry of Government, the geo-scientific organization to information science science earth earth basic of premier provider the principal the (GSI) India of Survey Geological nitrogenous two (Haryana). up Panipat setting and for (Punjab) Bathinda 1974 at in plants, incorporated was (NFL) Limited Fertilizers National (Assam). Unit Namrup and Bengal) Haldia (West and Unit Project Durgapur NFL (Bihar), and Unit Barauni (FCIL), comprised Limited HFCL The India Companies. of of Group Corporation Fertilizer erstwhile the of of reorganization result a the as 1978 in incorporated was (HFCL) Limited Corporation Fertilizer Hindustan The (PDIL). Ltd. India Development and Projects and (RCFL) Ltd. Corporation Fertilizers and Fertilizer Chemicals Rashtriya Hindustan (HFCL), NFL, Ltd. FCI, namely, Ltd companies Corporation five Fertilizers into National 1978 with from (NFCL) along re-organized was FCI 1961, in Incorporated technical organisation under Ministry of Mines with statutory and developmental responsibilities developmental and statutory with Mines of Ministry under organisation technical and scientific multi-disciplinary a is 1948, March, in established (IBM) Mines of Bureau Indian ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 31 Notes 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 32 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • • Mechanics Rock of Institute National • • • • • Pharmaceuticals and Drugs Indian • • Corporation Exploration Mineral • • Limited Copper Hindustan • • • • • Limited Company Aluminium National ulc etr n piae raiain rltd o xaain f rock. of excavation to related organizations private and sector public The carriesInstitute out research projects fundedby various Government ministries/departments, of General Directorate by ropes wire Safety. and Mines machineries mining for Centre Testing as Certified and (SIRO) a Organization Research Industrial and Scientific a as recognized is Institute The of process the and IDPL from RDPL de-link to underway. is decided delinking has Government the However, Bhubaneshwar. (ODCL), Ltd. Chemicals and state respectiveDrugs the with Orissa Jaipur,and (RDPL), collaboration Ltd. Pharmaceuticals and in Drugs Rajasthan are promoted These governments. undertakings, sector joint two has IDPL (Bihar). Muzaffarpur Ltd., Chemicals Organic and Drugs Bihar and Nadu) (TamilChennai namely,subsidiaries,Ltd., owned whollyIDPL two has IDPL (Haryana). Gurgaon (Uttarakhand), and Rishikesh Pradesh) at (Andhra Hyderabad in each one plants, manufacturing self-sufficiency three presently creating has company of The objective primary medicines. the and drugs with saving life 1961 essential in incorporated was IDPL the to reserves mineral of tonnes million 150,110 added inventory. mineral has national and development mine and exploration mineral detailed of projects 1,290 over completed has it 1972, in inception its Since 9001-2008 ISO with country the of certification. unit sector public exploration mineral premier a is MECL products. saleable refining downstream smelting, into beneficiation, metal to copper mining refined of of stage casting the and from right copper manufactures it as company producing copper integrated vertically 1956. nation’sonly the being Act, of Companies distinction the has the It under the 1967 of in control incorporated administrative was the Mines, under of enterprise India Ministry of Government Ratna Mini a HCL, alumina. grade metallurgical of producers cost low the of one is company The Bengaluru. and Chennai Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, in offices sales registered has company The power. and Bhubaneswar. at office metal registered mining, in operations diversified‘A’ and its group integrated havinga CPSE is company with The sector, public the in 1981 in established Mines. was and It Steel of Ministry under CPSE Navratna a is NALCO minerals. petroleum minor coal, and minerals than atomic other gas, resources natural and mineral of exploitation systematic and conservation for

Limited Limited www.iasscore.in Notes 12. 11. • • • • • Research Aluminium Nehru Jawaharlal • • Health Miners’ of Institute National It is the only institute of its kind in India pursuing the cause of R&D from bauxite to finished to bauxite roof. from R&D one of under cause the product pursuing India in kind its of institute only the is It S&T. of Ministry Research, Industrial Department and the Scientific by organization of research industrial and scientific as recognized is Centre The 1996. since functional been has emerging Centre the The for system support R&D major India. provide in industry to aluminium view modern a with Ministry UNDP of and venture joint Mines, a as of 1989 in up set Excellence” of “Centre a is Nagpur JNARDDC, etc. monitoring, place work health, occupational to relating activities developmental and research in engaged is institute The industries. based mineral the and with mining Mines, in among employed diseases of persons occupational the of Ministry prevention and under health occupational established of promotion institute of objective autonomous an is Nagpur NIMH, projects. infrastructure other and projects river- major linking rails, metro gas, and oil as such areas, newer into activities its expanding is NIRM

Development and Design Centre Design and Development ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 33 Chapter

Notes • of chain a is there democracy, representative people. a the being amongst lies there which and sovereign towards country accountability democratic a being India personnel. judicial the and legal lastly and norms Constitutional the within obligations and rights these enforce to up set enshrined Organizational statues; ordinary principles by conferred and obligations and values rights Constitution; basic the in the namely components four comprises System Legal Indian The • • Justice.• of Department the and Affairs, Legal Department of Legislative Department the the namely Departments three the comprises Justice and Law of Ministry power legislative the 1950 26, January the Parliament. on in force vested into is came which India of Constitution 1947. the Order, of Under Government Constitution) the (Provisional India of the 100 by Section adapted of as provisions 1935 the Act, under Dominion India 1949 the and to Dominion 1947 a from became laws India made 1935. 1947 Legislature Act, Act, Independence India Indian the of of Government passing the the With by followed was 1919 Act, India of Government exercised The was power legislative the thereunder. 1919 constituted Act, Legislature India Indian of the by 1920. Government to the 1834 of from commencement country the the After for laws enacted Council in Councils Indian General the Governor of 22 the Section under 1861 him Act, under vested authority time the and first authority the this of for virtue Council. By vested of Act General said Governor The the namely Parliament. authority, British single when a the 1833 in to by power back legislative dating enacted India was of 1833 Government Act, the Charter of limb the oldest the is Justice and Law of Ministry ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India 34 Sources of Law of Sources Indian Legal System ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India h mi sucs f a i Ida r the law. are case India in law of sources main The etc. Courts Court/High Supreme the of judges the the India, of removal of the and Justice resignation Chief appointment, the with concerned is Justice of Department The central the for government. legislation principal the of etc. drafting the Service, with Legal concerned is Indian Department legislative including The services the legal law, of civil the interpretation of the matters the including in countries functions legal foreign with assigned agreements and treaties reforms, law is profession, legal Laws, litigation, and Constitution affairs Legal of Department The 5 Constitution, statutes statutes Constitution, LA AD JUSTICE AND W lgsain, utmr lw and law customary (legislation), www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • • • • Judiciary Enactment of Law ttts r eatd y alaet Sae eiltrs n Uin ertr legislatures. legislation Territory Subordinate Union and legislatures State Parliament, by enacted are Statutes dlt Ga Kcer, t. t dcd cvl n ciia dsue o pty n lcl nature. local and petty of courts. disputes these criminal of and jurisdiction for civil provide laws decide state to Different etc., Kachehri, Gram Adalat, Courts Panchayat courts. subordinate of hierarchy a is there for Courts Court ( High High the a under with and India states of of group Court or Supreme state the each exists system judicial entire the of apex the At reserved been having law latter the unless for void be repugnancy, of extent the to legislature, state by of event the in But legislature. the in enumerated matters On Concurrent or List State the in included List. not matters on laws make to power has alone Parliament laws. enact to Indian the of 7 Schedule spheres. certain in justice administering while courts by account into taken conventions and customs Local law. J concerned. legislatures Territory Union or State or Parliament by either delegated or conferred authority the under made is legislation subordinate This authorities. local and governments nertd Judicial Integrated udicial decisions udicial osdrto f President of consideration of superior courts like Supreme Court and High Courts are important sources of sources important are Courts High and Court Supreme like courts superior of also function insome states under various names like Nyaya Panchayat, Panchayat ytm s smo o Uiy n cmo lw o al citizens). all for law common and Unity of symbol a is system in the form of rules, regulations as well as bye-laws made by central/state by made bye-laws as well as regulations rules, of form the in Constitution demarcates the areas of the of areas the demarcates Constitution Concurrent List Concurrent , has received his assent and in that event shall prevail in that state. that in prevail shall event that in and assent his received has , which are not against statute, morality, etc., are also recognized and recognized also statute,morality,are etc.,against not are which repugnancy, a md b Primn sal rvi oe lw made law over prevail shall Parliament by made law , laws can be made by both Parliament and the state the and Parliament both by made be can laws , Parliament Parliament ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in and State legislature State and 35 Notes • • • • • • • Court Supreme of Power & Jurisdiction • • Judges Court Supreme of Independence for Provisions • • • • • Eligibility • Composition • • • Evolution 36 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India te Powers: Other Order. Executive Review: Judicial of Power Record: of Court A 143 Art Jurisdiction: Advisory Jurisdiction: Appellate Jurisdiction: Writ Jurisdiction: Original President). the of majority President the of order Tenure of Executive). Security the of discretion absolute (Curtails itself Judiciary Appointment: of Mode of Judges as act and sit to Courts High or Court Supreme Court. the Supreme of Judges retired for and Supreme the of Court Judge hoc ad an as Court High a of Judge a of appointment the for exist Provisions a President, the of opinion the in be, must S/he years. 10 least an be must S/he succession. in Courts least at for been, have must S/he a be must person A years. 65 of the age by the appointed attaining Judges upon other retire 30 Judges and Court Justice Supreme India. Chief of the President comprises India of Court Supreme The new the under India of Court Supreme the to way gave Court Constitution. Federal 1950 26, 1937. January 1, On October from functioning India. began in India courts of the by Court Federal passed the The orders was and called, judgments generally the was from it appeals as entertain Council to Privy forum or highest Council, in King the regime, British During , and presented to the President in the same Session for such removal (Not at the pleasure the at (Not removal such for Session same the in President the to presented and , ipts eadn eeto o Peiet etc. President of election regarding Disputes Advocate of a High Court Court High a of Advocate s urner n dfne o Fnaetl right. Fundamental of defender and guaranteer As A ug o te urm Cut ant e eoe fo ofc ecp b an by except office from removed be cannot Court Supreme the of Judge A : iie o India. of citizen Judgments and proceedings are recorded for perpetual memory and testimony.and memory perpetual for recorded are proceedings and Judgments ae ivlig eteSae State-State. Centre-State, involving Cases osiuinl atr, ii, rmnl ad pca Lae Petition. Leave Special and Criminal, Civil, matters, Constitutional asd fe a ades n ah os o Primn spotd by supported Parliament of House each in address an after passed ugs r apitd y h Peiet n oslain ih ebr of members with consultation in President the by appointed are Judges o xmns h Cntttoa vldt o Lgsaie ncmns and enactments Legislative of validity Constitutional the examines To uhrzs rsdn t se oiin f SC. of opinion seek to President authorizes ie er, Judge a years, five urm Court Supreme r f w o mr sc Cut i sceso fr at for succession in Courts such more or two of or itnuse jurist distinguished f Hg Cut r f w o mr such more or two of or Court High a of . www.iasscore.in Special Notes • • • Courts High of Seat and Jurisdiction • Power • • • • • • features Other • • • • ie o ie y h Parliament. the by time to time Condition Service Fixed tt lvl amendments. level state the and 1908 (CPC), the i.e., procedures, prescribing codes important two follow courts These to forms prescribed and kept. rules be general entries shall book issue accounts which in and and form and make manner the determine courts, and proceedings such and practices from their regulate returns for call can It jurisdiction. its within Tribunals and courts overall superintendence of powers has Court High Each of nature the purpose in are which warranto writs quo prohibition, including writs, or orders direction, jurisdiction, its within Government and authority or person any issue to power has Court High Each – – Eligibility: state. the of Governor Tenure: the and India of Justice Chief the with appoint time, to as Judges other such and Justice Chief a comprises Court High Each High state different of jurisdiction under come UTsCourts. 6 other and own its of Court in High a Courts has alone High 24 are There administration. judicial state’s the country,the of head the at stands Court High in conducted are Court Supreme the of proceedings The is Court Supreme law the of of Judge a been has who person A : Removal of Ground Court. Jurisdiction: Judges of Conduct f Hg Cut r w o mr sc cut i sceso fr smlr period. similar a for succession in courts such more or two advocate an or as Court practiced have High must or a years of 10 for India in office judicial a held have Should India. of Citizen r eoe n ohr uhrt i India. in authority other any before or . hy od fie p to up office hold They three having jurisdiction over more than one state one than overmore jurisdiction having three h Primn i nt uhrzd o uti te uidcin n pwr f Supreme of power and jurisdiction the curtail to authorized not is Parliament The Te he Jsie f Hg Cut s pone b te rsdn i consultation in President the by appointed is Court High a of Justice Chief The . ant e icse i te alaet r tt Legislature. State or Parliament the in discussed be cannot oe f rmnl Procedure, Criminal of Code rvd ibhvo o incapacity. or misbehavior Proved and Slre, loacs n piiee o te ugs r dtrie from determined are Judges the of privileges and allowances Salaries, : certiorari, certiorari, uodnt Courts Subordinate 2 years 62 ih Courts High o efreet f udmna Rgt and Rights Fundamental of enforcement for f age. of C..., 93 n frhr teghnd by strengthened further and (Cr.P.C.), 1973 English English eard rm rciig n n court any in practising from debarred . Among the union territories, Delhi territories, union the Among . only. ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India the President may, from time may,from President the Code of Civil Procedure Civil of Code aes ops mandamus, corpus, habeas www.iasscore.in o ay other any for 37 , Notes • Objective • • • • • • • • Initiatives Reform v) iv) iii) ii) i) initiatives: strategic Five ii) i) achieve to 2011 August, in up set was of: Reforms goals Legal twin and Delivery Justice for Mission National The 38 National Mission for National Justice Delivery and Legal Reforms ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India f itit n sbriae ors n h country. the in courts subordinate computerization and universal district by judiciary of the and lawyers litigants, to services designated provide To Country. the of Courts District/Subordinate and Courts High in implemented the of one is Project Mode Mission Integrated e-Courts The Computerization Project Mode Mission Integrated e-Courts problems. local their account into taking feasible, wherever Nyayalayas The . Nyayalayas Gram of operationalization and establishment for administrations Kacheri Gram A Adalat/ Panchayat Panchayat/ Nyaya Courts/ Panchayat Nyayalaya/ Gram litigation increasing check to measures the to Amendments their have formulated states All A of Constitution for Bill Amendment Constitution Bill Accountability and Standards Judicial • delivery. infrastructure. justice Improving better for tools and technology communication and information Leveraging development. resource human on Focusing processes. court and procedures of Reengineering changes. legislative and policy Outlining and standards performance setting by and capacities. changes structural through accountability Enhancing and arrears; and delays reducing by access Increasing Central Sector scheme scheme Sector Central f cases. of litigation, excessive to prone areas the in computerization which, administration judicial in The Mission has adopted a coordinated approach for phased state governments and High Courts Courts High and governments state l ni Jdca Srie (AIJS). Service Judicial India ll Negotiable Instruments (NI) (NI) Instruments Negotiable , increase in increase , o poiig iaca assac t te tt governments/UT state the to assistance financial providing for litigation policies policies litigation strength of subordinate judiciary, subordinate of strength rising the retirement age age retirement the rising inter-alia, hud eie h qeto o etbihet f Gram of establishment of question the decide should s en cniee b te Parliament. the by considered being is re-engineering of court procedure court of re-engineering involve with a view to reduce the governmental litigation. governmental the reduce to view a with c aog ih te plc ad administrative and policy other with along Act etr infrastructure better national e-Governance projects projects e-Governance national f ih or Judges. Court High of liquidation of arrears liquidationand pendency of arrears p olicy and legislative and olicy www.iasscore.in o cut including courts for for quick disposal quick for measures being Notes A. • • Marginalised to Justice to Access • • • Mechanism ADR 39-A. Article under Basis: down Legislative laid as Aid Legal Free and Justice Equal respectively. liberty personal disputes. resolving Basis: of Constitutional methods conventional the to alternative an providing of capable What? Resolution: Dispute Alternative Security ForcesSecurity 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Tasks & Functions • Police Border Indo-Tibetan National the Reforms. supporting Legal of and purpose Delivery specific Justice the for with Mission Justice of Department the also the has phase, team with support placed this technical a been In project, the creation supply. Under 2017. on its ensuring work to and to justice continues 2013 for and demand phase from of previous years of achievements five the over upon build extends to project aims project the of phase second The domains. in justice economic accessing and to social barriers legal, address that strategies developing by people marginalised for justice to access strengthening on focuses project This Odisha. and Maharashtra Pradesh, Uttar Rajasthan, Pradesh, Madhya Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Bihar, of states UNDAF eight the to extends project The party. third a something accepting by than imposed rather reached— settlements any of conditions the determine themselves conciliation. for Mediation: intending not party a on forced agreement be prior a cannot be not it need and There dispute. a of determination no is there Arbitration the Unlike of resolution expense.Conciliation: fair and delay the obtain unnecessary to without is tribunal arbitration impartial of an object by The disputes them. by to agreed or chosen persons Arbitration D o “lentv Dsue eouin i a atmt o eie ahnr wih hud be should which machinery devise to attempt an is Resolution” Dispute “Alternative or ADR hc ilgl mirto, rn-odr mgln ad crimes. and smuggling trans-border immigration, illegal Check populace. local the among security of sense of promotion the and violations, border of prevention and detection borders, northern the on Vigil pass. Lipulekh to pass Karakoram from kms Indo-Tibetan 2,115 the along covering setup border security and intelligence frontier the reorganizing for aggression Chinese of wake the in 1962 24, October on raised was (ITBP) Police Border Indo-Tibetan The iatr aaeet Big h frt epne fr aua Dsse i Himalayas. in Disaster natural for responder first the disturbance. Being management. of Disaster event the in area any in order preserve and Restore persons. protected and banks installations, sensitive to Security Mediation aims to assist two (or more) disputants in reaching an agreement. The parties The agreement. an reaching in disputants more) (or two assist to aims Mediation Abtain s h poes f ern ad eemnn o a ipt bten ate by parties between dispute a of determining and hearing of process the is Arbitration : Conciliation is the process of facilitating an amicable settlement between the parties. the between settlement amicable an facilitating of process the is Conciliation Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. Act, Authorities Services Legal the and 1996 Act, Conciliation and Arbitration rils 4 n 2 wih el ih qaiy eoe a ad ih t lf and life to Right and Law before Equality with deal which 21 and 14 Articles ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 39 Notes D. C. B. 40 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India 7. 6. • • Force Security Industrial Central • • • • Force Police Reserve Central – – – Time: War – – – – time: Peace • BSF: the of Tasks • • Force Security Border mn te motn rsosblte rcnl etutd o h CS ae the: are CISF the to entrusted recently responsibilities important the Among monuments. heritage ever and buildings Nuclear installations, space establishments, seaports, airports, power plants, sensitive Government to: cover security providing currently is CISF undertakings. industrial to cover protection fire and airports international and domestic to cover security providing is (CISF) Force Security Industrial Central 1969, in Raised missions. UN in deployed being also are contingents counter CRPF unrest, civil to response operations. weapons armed special insurgency, terrorism, counter enforcement, law Paramilitary to operations insurgency. police contain and in Territories order and State/Union law the maintain assisting in lies role primary CRPF’s The Force. Police Reserve Central the as renamed was it independence After July,1939. in formed was (CRPF) Force Police Reserve Central The areas. specified in duties Anti-infiltration refugees. of control in Assistance installations. vital of Protection sectors. threatened less in ground Holding counter for deployed been duties, their to addition in duties. has, security BSF internal and the insurgency years few last the In activity. illegal other any India. and of smuggling Prevent territory the from exit or into areas. entry unauthorized border crimes, the Trans-border in Prevent living people the among security of sense a Promote follows: as divided are BSF the of tasks The – – with: charged force paramilitary a is It force. guarding Border largest world’s is It 1965. 1, December on Established India. of Force Guarding Border a Force (BSF) is Security The Border Yatra. Mansarovar Kailash annual in Pilgrims to Security exercise. keeping peace UN in excelled also has ITBP Preventing trans-national crime. trans-national Preventing India’sGuarding and peacetime; during landborder www.iasscore.in Notes H. G. F. E. • • Force Action Rapid • • • Bal Seema Sashastra • Guard Security National • • • • Rifles Assam obtn nxls i LE fetd tts urig f ia srns n ydy, Kashi, Ayodhya, in shrines vital of etc.) guarding Yatra, states Jagannath affected Yatra, LWE (Amarnath in naxalism congregations human combating mammoth with dealt in RAF Keeping Peace UN in for militancy deployment with overseas deal north-east, to Haiti, Bosnia and Kosovo, (Odisha continues super in cyclone, rescue and relief Gujarat and J&K earthquake). and insurgency problems Punjab, communal and with J&K deal to raised was RAF iii) ii) i) SSB of Role Jammu, The Tripura, Manipur, in areas border 1991. other 1965- between Nagaland to and Bengal South extended Mizoram, Gujarat, Rajasthan, was Sikkim, Meghalaya, operation of area The (Ladakh). Kashmir and Himachal Jammu Pradesh, Uttar and Pradesh of Hills Bengal, North Assam, North NEFA, then India the in population of to Union was of aim force earlier Its guarding borders. border Indo-Bhutan and newest Indo-Nepal of the guarding is the with (SSB) entrusted Bal” Seema ‘Sashastra The disturbances. combating internal for against Star states Blue protect Operation to view following a 1984, with in activities raised terrorist was It (MHA). Affairs Home The People”. Hill the Sentinel “The of called “Friends fondly and being North-East” force the the in of reflects region the with association long Their the into north-east monumental. the truly of is people mainstream the of national assimilation towards contribution Rifles’ Assam The north- the in Security border. Assam. Indo-Myanmar the of guarding plains and region alluvial eastern the guard to primarily raised was Force The in Force Military Para Central oldest the India.is 1835 in Levy Catchar as raised Rifles Assam The – – eae n &, n mntrd ucsfl opein f lcin i vros states. various in elections of completion successful monitored and J&K, and pelting lawstone in serious serious with menace with effectively dealt dealt Rajasthan, Board, in Shrine agitation Gujjar Amarnath to Shri due problem to order land of issue transfer the of on revocation situation of order and law Jammu Temple, Raghunath and Devi Vaishno Mathura, Organizing and preparing border population to resist enemy.resist to population border preparing and Organizing and consciousness; security awarenessand national Promoting population; border in resistance of spirit and security of sense a Toinculcate been also.has sector privateforce to coverthe security of direct provide mandate to the broadened 2008, November on attack terrorist Mumbai the After Haiti. at UN the of (FPU) PoliceUnit Formed a of establishment and Management Security,Disaster VIP Corporation, Rail Metro Delhi ainl euiy Guard Security National

n ale stp includes: setup earlier in build people’s morale morale people’s build ( NSG i a Ida Seil ocs nt ne te iity of Ministry the under unit Forces Special Indian an is ) n iclae a inculcate and ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India prt f eitne i resistance of spirit www.iasscore.in border n 41 Notes • • • • • • • • • 42 Home Guards Home Civil Defence Fire Fire Services ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ehooy qik epne em eil, ob tos o sac ad ece n cpct building through capacity mist and capabilities stakeholders. rescue with and various rescue pump search of pressure and for tools high fighting tender, combi vehicle, fire team fire advanced response in as quick technology, such gaps technology existing modern the of fill introduction to citizens attempts of property Scheme for and The life resources of sufficient safety governments/ that allocate state ensure and jurisdiction. to the their Code within Services of Building Fire responsibility equipping National primary and the the strengthening enforce is to it bodies subject, state municipal the in included Being aggression. external of time the at areas vulnerable in Assam, for Bns communication of lines of and VVIPs areas,of coastal each guarding border/ international the on infiltration one been and also Bns) have (4 preventing for Force Battalions Security Gujarat Border to auxiliary (BWHG) Bns),an as serve Westto BengalMeghalaya,and Tripura (4 Guards Rajasthan Home Bns), Wing (6 Punjab Border viz., (18) raised eighteen of total a states, border seven In Kerala. Urban. in except territories union and and states the all types—Rural overin spread is two oranisation The of are Guards Home duties. defence civil perform and assist and activities internal harmony welfare and communalsocio-economic of in participate promote sections, weaker maintenance protecting services, in administration essential the in police of maintenance the in to help etc., auxiliary epidemic, an as cyclone,fire,earthquake, air-raid, an serve as such emergency to of kind any in is community the security,help Guards Home of role The activities. welfare relief, social flood and prohibition, duties law patrolling, election border of fire-fighting, measures, maintenance anti-dacoity in crime, police assist of to prevention trained order, are and organisation the in Guards voluntary Home the of Members of concept States. several the by Subsequently, adopted riots. was in force communal police citizens the and assist to disturbances 1946, December, in civil India in controlling raised first force, voluntary a is Guards Home situations. order mitigation and law and operations prevention, relief the and response post-disaster in in as well as and disasters man-made services natural, welfare of and social undertaking in administration the to assistance providing - including activities building and nation various constructive in are Its volunteers tasks. security internal in volunteers Defence Civil utilize and train been to also towns selected has 40 project in launched pilot multi-hazard A 100 infrastructure. defence addition civil in of states; creation 17 for selected in been have CDTIs districts of Infrastructures of renovation and states 10 in (CDTIs) Institutes Training Defence Civil new of envisagescreation scheme sponsored centrally The disaster. any after attack, or such during, before management, of disaster time of the purpose after the or for taken during measures before, any taken or are or measures whole such the whether effect, of its attack such any of depriving part for or places other hostile or any sea against land, air, thereof from territory whether the attack to of part protection any or affording India in for thing combat, or place property, actual person, any to amounting not measures any includes Defence Civil www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • of people to applicable enactments different religions. in different codified been has divorce and marriage to relating Law • • Personal Law en nagd o s o rn te i ln wt te id Mrig At 1955. Act, Marriage Hindu the the with with line accordance in in them bring registered have to 1936 be as Act, Divorce so to and enlarged Marriage Parsi required been the is of provisions Act The Act. this the in under prescribed procedure divorce as well as marriage 1936: Act, Divorce and Marriage Parsi The see to her permitting by position her ameliorate dissolution. her to dissolve tried to law right traditional restricted and much a Unwritten has marriage. wife Muslim a Talaq, i.e., divorce, regards As country. 1939: Act, Marriage Muslims f) e) d) c) b) a) guilty been has become or has woman of: husband another the with that marriage through ground gone the has on and divorce religion seek another to can convert wife the and wife his of part the on 1872: Act, Marriage Christian Indian directs. The otherwise Central Gazette the official unless the tribes scheduled in any notification of by members Government by to Jews apply or Parsis not Christians, does Muslims, Act not the However, are who religion. and those development) also or and forms Jainsits those Sikhs,of Buddhists,any and (in to extends Hindus also to Act applies the It territories. which said to the side territories out are in who domiciled Hindus to also applies Kashmir, and faiths. 1955: religious Act, different Marriage of are Hindu they though even also Act said but Kashmir, the under and Jammu marriage register can of specifically Act this by state governed PersonsKashmir. and the Jammu in except domiciled India India of citizens the of to applies whole the to extends marriages such 1954: Act, Marriage Special The field. and the Parliament in laws namely make Legislature, competent to also Union are legislatures state the The Constitution. the hence of 254 Article and of provisions the India to subject of Seventh the Constitution in list the III-Concurrent List to of Schedule 5 entry to relatable is laws personal succession, of divorce,matter subject The marriage, i.e., of affairs, sets family different by to governed relating etc. are wills, matters They adoption, of faiths. respect and religions in laws different of personal are India of people The dley ope wt dsrin ihu raoal ecs fr w yas r more. or years two for excuse reasonable to without equivalent desertion Church with coupled Catholic Adultery and Roman cruelty); the practices, perverse by adultery, created of grounds divorce on of separation judicial system divorce, a (a to her etoro entitled have mensa would adultery a without as cruelty such with coupled Adultery bestiality; or sodomy Rape, adultery; with woman another with Marriage adultery; with Bigamy adultery; Incestuous hs c, xed t te hl o Ida ecp te tt o Jammu of state the except India, of whole the to extends Act, This Marriages are governed by the Mohammedan Law prevalent in the in prevalent Law Mohammedan the by governed are Marriages rvds o a pca fr o mrig ad h rgsrto of registration the and marriage of form special a for Provides Marriage h ubn cnse dvreo gonso adultery of grounds on divorce seek can husband The oen te armna rltos f ass Every Parsis, of relations matrimonial the Governs ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 43 Notes • • • • • • • Karaj. was Anand 1909 as known Act, commonly Marriage marriages Anand Anand of The registration 2012, for provide Act, to (Amendment) amended Marriage Anand The vide However, • • 44 Election Election Laws and Electoral Reforms ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India oend y hi rlgos as Jw d nt ead arae s cvl otat bt s relation a as but contract, civil a as marriage regard not do Jews laws. religious their by governed matrimonial the for As offices of the President and the Vice-President are: (i) The Representation of the People Act, 1950; the Act, People to the and of legislatures Representation The state (i) are: Parliament, Vice-President the to and President elections the of of offices conduct the with connection in Acts The adopted. were Parsis, of rights succession to relating Marriage other Special The the to under and married succession 1954 persons to Act, and relating Jews Christians, one the Indian schemes, like two to persons succession, of apply property of not respect in does law Act the consolidating The While time. Puducherry. that of at territory union existence the in of was renoncants and intestate which to applicable law succession the consolidate to testamentary 1925 in enacted was Act Succession Indian The Procedure. Criminal of Code the under maintenance claim to are law entitled personal not customary the under payable money received have who wives sufficient divorcedHowever, having husband the on depend however, etc., wife, parents means. the indigent to also of but Claims to children, wives. dependent Right divorced and marriage. and wife the the to right of only 1973, Procedure, not status Criminal extends the of maintenance Code of of the law. Under personal out the arises of wife part a his forms maintain maintenance to husband a of Obligation Act. the under guardian a appointing while welfare the child consideration into the take of must court the the unless that appointed provides also be Act can This person unfit. other found is no father and primary is right father’s that down lays clearly It 1890. WardsAct, and Guardians the in contained is wards and guardians to lawrelating general The right legal Act. the the haveaforesaid under not court the does approach to have child children Indian a adopt to such want who Foreigners, Besides,inheritance. connections. of these old, all years away eighteen break is to that majority, free of is age he the attaining care foster under child a Once care. foster under only Act said the under Guardians child a The take can Parsis under and Christians Muslims, court 1890. law.Wards Muslims,Act, and the personal approach to of have and matter laws subject adoption the no have Parsis forms and it Christians child, a of affiliation legal is adoption Since 1955. Act, Marriage Hindu the of 8 Section under of here registered provisions be the could ceremonies customary other or “Anand” called ceremony marriage 2012: Act, (Amendment) Marriage Anand on The courts through monogamous. are dissolved Marriages be cruelty. or can adultery Marriage of duties. grounds sacred very involving persons two between as f es tee s o oiid a i India in law codified no is there Jews, of laws Maintenance Succession Adoption A Sikh marriage performed according to the Sikh the to according performed marriage Sikh A Ee tdy te are they today, Even . www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • • Voting Voting Rights to the Citizens of India Living Abroad Delimitation Commission c, 92 (v Te eiiain c, 02 () h Adr Paeh eiltv Cucl Act, Council Legislative Pradesh Andhra The (v) 2002; Act, Delimitation The (iv) 1952; Act, Elections Vice-Presidential and Presidential The (iii) 1951; Act, People the of Representation The (ii) h Rpeetto o h Pol (mnmn) il 21 i Ags, 00 t aed the amend to 2010, August, in 2010 a) Bill, to: 1950 Act, (Amendment) People state the People the to of the polls. Representation and of of Sabha time Lok the the at Representation constituency to The their elections in in be votes to their happen they cast case to that concerned in so position the legislatures passport a their of in in rolls mentioned be as electoral India would the in citizens they in residence Indian ordinarily registered of names the place their their enable of get education constituency to employment, to their 2006 India, to in outside owing India otherwise Sabha in or Rajya residence ordinarily in of place 2006 their Bill, from absenting (Amendment) People the of Representation the introduced accordingly and aspects thedemand all of the considered The Government them conferring for demanding persistently been rights. have voting They reasons. various to the due on the bestow country outside residing not citizens Indian will of property number large immovable a are There other qualification. residential or the owner, building a of possession or out ownership moved Mere having as treated been be has should employment It place. or Act. that business for said of country the the of of 20 who out person a Section gone that has Officers in Registration Electoral down for Book Hand laid the in is Chapter-III under specified resident” “ordinarily of constituency. that meaning for The rolls electoral the in not registered is be who to person entitled shall every constituency be in that resident ordinarily provides is and date 1950 qualifying the Act, on age People of years the eighteen than less of Representation the of 19 Section agenda the pursue fearlessly to stabilization. governments population state for enable to measure motivational a as 2026 Population to National up the delimitation fresh of undertaking on freeze part constitutional current as the extend Government, to strategy,decided Policy The malapportioned. become had large, country, and the in by constituencies of nature the and cent per 87 years. almost 30 by after increased has undertaken population The been has census, 2001 on in based completed delimitation, census—was present the 1971 The 1975. on and year based the 1962 exercise— in delimitation third second The the 1973. 1952, year the in in constituted third was India in Commission democracy. Delimitation parliamentary first a The of pillars basic two the are Elections and Delimitation years. elections, six of system sixty first-past-the-post completed the called has also is which country, the the by of system administrated electoral The are Justice. These and 2010. Law Act, of Council Ministry Legislative Department, Nadu Legislative Tamil The (vi) and 2005; a nt curd h ctznhp f n ohr onr ad h i asnig rm i pae of place his from absenting is who and country who other and any roll of electoral citizenship the the in acquired included not not has is name whose India, of citizen every that Provide n h cnttec i wih i pae f eiec i Ida s etoe i hs asot is passport his in mentioned as India in residence of place located; his which roll in electoral the constituency in registered the name in his have India, to entitled outside be otherwise shall or not), or education, temporarily employment, (whether his to owing India in residence ordinary ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 45 Notes n h eetrl ol f hi rsetv constituency. respective their of enrolled name roll their The electoral get and the 2011. them by in 23, self-attested documents the February furnish 2011. February, on now can from 2011 Indians force overseas into Rules The Act the Amendment) bringing notification (Second necessary In issued Electors has Government 2010. Central of Act, Registration and (Amendment) 2011 People 3, Election the February the on 2011 Rules, with (Amendment) of Electors consultation in of Registration the Government, published Representation and Central prepared the Commission the Act said as the of provisions enacted the of been pursuance has Bill said The 46 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India b) c) f ni, y ue, h tm wti wih h nm o pros eerd o n sub-paragraph of roll. registering in electoral for to the procedure and in referred manner persons persons the such and of roll electoral name the the in registered which be within shall above time the rules, by India, of and verification; specify,powerto Government Confer electoral theCentral proper upon Commission Election the consulting after after in rolls entries electoral of in names corrections of make inclusion shall and Officer rolls Registration Electoral the that Provide www.iasscore.in

Chapter

Notes 3. Yojana Protsahan Rojgar Mantri Pradhan 2. 1. governments state the India, legislations. of enact Constitution to the empowered under also list are concurrent the in subject the being Labour • • • are: • Ministry the to entrusted responsibilities main The India. of Government the of ministries oldest and important the of one is Employment and Labour of Ministry The ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India New Initiatives • • Portal Suvidha Shram • • • • Project Service Career National in both force labour the to sectors. security unorganised social and providing organised and labour of welfare of promotion on services. Focus employment and training skill vocational coordinate and Develop productivity. and production higher for environment work healthy a Create particular. in society,disadvantaged and the deprived poor of the and sections general in workers of interests the safeguard and Protect 6 – Ministry: the under organisations major four to caters It compliance. of complexity ease and laws labour of enforcement in accountability and transparency bring to portal, web Unified Rs. earnings having those to applicable be will scheme The employment. employees. their of years three informal formalize to also first and persons unemployed recruit to employers the the incentivise will This for EPFO in enrolling employees per 8.33 new all of contribution for (EPS) cent Scheme Pension Employees the pay will India Rs. of Government of of allocation objective an the and with generation 2016-17 employment in promoting implemented was Yojana Protsahan Rojgar Mantri Pradhan 2015. in nation the to dedicated functional, made (www.ncs.gov.in) been Portal has NCS The like etc. services internships related apprenticeship, employment on of information variety guidance, vocational a counselling, provide career to transformation service for project employment mode national mission the a as of Project NCS the implementing is Ministry The – – – Employees’ State Insurance Corporation. Insurance State Employees’ Organisation. Fund Provident Employees’ Safety.Mines of General Directorate (Central). Commissioner Labour Chief of Office LABOUR, SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOAND ,0 coe. ne te scheme, the Under crores. 1,000 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in YMENT 500 e month per 15,000 47 . Notes 1. Wages on Code Labour 2. 1. 6. 5. 4. 48 Social Security Legislative Initiatives ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Scheme Inspection Labour Transparent • • Corporation Insurance State Employees’ • • • • Bill Factory Small • • Codes Labours • of instead Registration establishments Common the by Acts. Return these Online under Returns, Single separate Labour simplified filing eight of for filling Return Annual facilitates Unified This Single Acts. started has Employment and Labour of Ministry • • • mlye’ tt Isrne oprto (SC i ipeetn te S Shm introduced Scheme ESI 1952. the since implementing is (ESIC) Corporation employment Insurance and State 1948. Employees’ maternity in sickness, enacted was of Act case Insurance State in Employees’ benefits the cash injuries, and care medical provide To of Payment the 1936; 1976. Act, Act, Remuneration Wages Equal of the Payment and 1965; the Act, 1948; Bonus Act, Wages Minimum the labour four laws: following the of provisions relevant the simplifies and amalgamates rationalizes, It the of health and safety security, social alia inter ensuring, workers. while factories small through The of ease of factories employment Bill and thuscatalyze small will thegeneration the operation one at Laws Labour factories. six small small of in these provisions for the workers place rationalizes of and simplifies conditions amalgamates, Bill service The and workers. working 40 than of less employing regulation units manufacturing for provides Bill The legislative also codes. and technology of labour four into laws labour existing use the amalgamating and rationalising simplifying, through by reforms reforms governance include initiatives These opportunities. employment of creation catalyse to establishment an running for ease compliance bringing of and worker every for measures security social safety,health, the strengthening of objective the Laws, Labour with of enforcement in accountability and transparency bringing For Promotion. & Policy Industrial e- on of developed Department been the has of Acts portal Labour Biz Central five under Registration Common for Facility hours. 72 within Reports inspection upload to mandatory is It and data on based examination after evidence. centrally determined are inspections list. based inspection Complaints mandatory the under covered be to are matters Serious criteria. objective based risk on based randomly generated is inspections of list computerised A www.iasscore.in Notes • • 2. 1. 2. Industrial Relations Reforms Pension • eta Gvrmn i te prpit Government. appropriate the the which is the for organisations Government in of disputes Central provisions industrial the of adjudication under for up 1947 Act, set Disputes been Industrial have Courts the tribunal-cum-Labour both Industrial two of Twenty machineries relations industrial the of endeavour centrestates,theand constant theoverall industrial to relations climategenerallyhas Due remainedpeaceful cordial.and Employment. & Labour of Ministry avowedof objectivean remains relations industrial harmonious of Maintenance • • Number Account Universal • • • • Pension Minimum of Implementation • • Organisation Fund Provident Employees’ the employee has activated his UAN by seeding his Know Your Customer details (through the employer). (through details if Customer YourKnow employment his seeding by of UAN his change activated has on employee account the Fund Provident of portability automatic provides UAN launched formally 2014. was subscribers in EPF for (UAN) Number Account Universal of facility The month. the of day working first the on accounts system pensioners’ the to credited was banking pension that ensure to offices field the to issued core were Instructions the banks. using disbursement present pension at out the carried of being platform is pension perpetuity. of in disbursement continued been The has which 2014-15, year the for initially was It – – – 2014: in notified Government The 1976. Scheme, Insurance Deposit-Linked Employees’ and 1995 Scheme, Pension Act. the Employees’Scheme,1952; funds Provident Employees’ of are: framed schemes three Schedule-I following The in mentioned industries in employing employees factories/establishments more in or Fund twenty Insurance and Scheme for Pension provides Fund, 1952 Act, Provident Provisions Miscellaneous and (EPF) Funds Provident Employees’ The proper and guidance phases. for in beneficiaries hospitals the ESIC for in level facilities all dispensary tele-medicine the to in phases, up extended be places to and facilities AYUSH visitors, required proper the to patients, the communications indoor at all for signages system feedback attractive patients/attendants, courtesy the due provide with to them dealing guiding in hospitals the of staff other and para-medical to training up-grading, by or PPP outsourcing queue management system by on in every Hospital for premises helping hospitals in registration and pharmacy, hospital model behavioural in yoga ESIC facilities all pathological treatment, possible in all bedded facilities mode, cardiology/ dialysis six hospitals, detection, to of cancer levels dispensaries different appropriate up-grading at facilities were of 2.0 providing ESIC phases, of in features hospitals salient other the of Some Rs. 250 per month for children pensioners. children for month per 250 Rs. and pensioners; orphan for month per 750 Rs. member/widow(er)/disabled/ for pensioners; month parent per nominee/dependent 1000 Rs. of pension minimum a Providing ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 49 Notes 1. • • 50 Vulnerable Vulnerable Sections ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India n re t rdc pnec o css o Aaas r big raie b te CGIT-cum-Labour the by organised being are Adalats Lok cases of pendency reduce to order Tribunals. In National as function also Kolkata and Mumbai at Tribunals Industrial Two • • Scheme NCLP of Re-alignment • • Plan: Action Legislative • • Labour Child on Policy • • • • Labour Child disputes of willingness. their settlement on depends and for parties litigant the platform between agreement and a consent mutual through provides It system. redressal grievance alternate an as Courts iity f ua Rsuc Dvlpet loe te CP col t sre s special as of serve provisions the with to accordance in Schools children school NCLP of out and the un-enrolled for allowed centre training Development Resource 2009. Human Act, of RTE Ministry of provisions the with Scheme NCLP realignment for the need a was of there 2009, Act, (RTE) Education to Right of enactment the With regular and training vocational nutrition, check-ups. supplementary health stipend, provided are education, children formal besides centres,the training special these In system. education mainstream subsequentlyjoin to environment an with them the provide to as Under so centres country. training special the the into put in districts and 270 work survey,from withdrawn labour in child through identified sanctioned are children working Scheme, present at and (NCLP) Scheme ongoing Project Sector an is Labour Central It labour. child Child from rescued National children rehabilitate to the 1988 Policy,in started Labour was Scheme Child National of pursuance In of provisions the Act. contravening the employers the for punishment stricter making and processes Act, or Education to Right under of education prohibition occupations hazardous in age) years of 18 to adolescents compulsory (14 of employment on the prohibition 2009; and of free age the for age linking the processes; with and employment occupations all in age of years 14 below children of work or employment on prohibition complete the covers alia inter Amendment The 2016. Act, Amendment Regulation) and (Prohibition Child Labour the enacted The Government labour. child of families the of benefit the general on for focus and programmes labour; child development of concentration high of action areas legislative in a action of: based consists project mainly plan; and multipronged is policy this under manner.Plan Action integrated The and holistic comprehensive, a in Labour Child on Policy National The their send processes. to and compelled occupations not all working from are rehabilitate children and withdraw families to approach where an adopted has environment Government work. an to children create to is objective The generation employment and alleviation poverty and schemes. protection social with along elementary education universal rehabilitation, labour. and rescue child measures, legislative and of statutory problem comprises It the tackle to strategy pronged to is objective The issue. the committed is address India of to Government and concern great of area an is labour child of Elimination www.iasscore.in Notes 2. 1. 2. Wages and Bonus and Wages • Wages of Payment • • • • • 1948 Act, Wages Minimum The • • • • • Labour Bonded of Rehabilitation Labour Bonded • 91 i i a o-tttr measure. non-statutory a is the it the 1991, of on mooted recommendations was the (NFLMW) Wage of Minimum the Level basis across Floor wages minimum National in of disparity concept the a reduce country, to and structure wage uniform introduced a have has To Government Central the inflation, Allowance against Dearness Variable wages minimum the protect To – levels: two at ensured – is 1948 Act, Wages Minimum the of enforcement The jurisdictions. employments respective scheduled of their respect in under workers to wages minimum of review revise, payment fix, the to enforce governments and appropriate the are governments state and Central the Both mostly workers sector. the unorganised of the interests in the safeguard to enacted was 1948 Act, Wages Minimum The they contribution. case matching in provided their is provide grant to rehabilitation cent fail per cent states, North-Eastern of case the In labour. bonded identified per to labour, 20,000 bonded Rs. identified per 10,000 Rs. from raised been also has grant Rehabilitation The studies. generation awareness labour, evaluatory bonded and of activities, identification for assistance surveys cent wise per district 100 for conducting provide for to 2000 May in modified drastically been grants has Scheme matching The labour. on bonded assistance of Central rehabilitation the provided for are basis (50:50) governments state Scheme, the Under May, in launched was labour bonded 1978. of rehabilitation for Scheme Plan Sponsored Centrally reconstituted. of been complaints has the offices, with attached its and deal Employment & Labour to of Ministry of workplace employees women of Compulsory at harassment sexual and harassment Free sexual on for committee, Children complaint of A Right the of 5 2010. Rule Rules, and (RTE) Act Education RTE the of 4 Section eutos r md fo te ae o te workers. the of wages the from unauthorised no made that are and wages deductions of payment timely ensures 1936 Act, Wages of Payment The The compliance in the state is ensured through the State Enforcement Machinery. Enforcement State the through ensured is state the in compliance The Machinery Relations Industrial (CIRM). Central a designated commonly (Central) Commissioner Labour Chief the of officers inspecting the through done is enforcement The sphere- Central VA lne t Cnue Pie Index. Price Consumer to linked (VDA) ainl omsin n ua Labour Rural on Commission National ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in NR) in (NCRL) 51 Notes • • 4. 3. 52 Skill Skill Development ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • rmto t si te ed o te nuty n eal dcn qaiy f ie o t population. its to life of quality decent enable and industry the of needs the suit to formal promotion with workforce of entrepreneurship and development skill of ecosystem cent the of reorganization speedy for need a per is There 4.69 abysmal an and workforce, total 60 skills. the between vocational is of workforce skilled cent per of 90 percentage the to where countries, developed so to fragmented highly opposed been As have far. country the across efforts entrepreneurship and development Skill • • • • Health and Safety Occupational • • Bonus of Payment – are:- OSH in events/initiatives important the of Some governments. state Factories of different Inspectorate the under for level functioning national the at agency coordinating the as acts also and docks the in provisions safety enforces Safety Dock of Inspectorate its through DGFASLI, The 1952. Act, Mines the industry under mining appointed the in Inspectors workers its the for through provisions health and safety the enforces (DGFASLI). DGMS The Institutes Labour being and are Service Advice India Factory of of Constitution General the Directorate in for of offices provided the as through workers implemented of OSH on provisions The 2014. from retrospectively effective are 1965 scheduled Act, the Bonus for of wage Payment the minimum in the changes higher. The or is whichever 7,000 ceiling Government, Rs. calculation appropriate the to the by and 3,500 fixed month as Rs. per employment, from 21,000 Rs. limit 12 eligibility to Section statutory 10,000 the Rs. under revise from to (13) amended 2 been Section has under 1965 Act, Bonus of Payment The 2012. from month per 18,000 Rs. by published Survey Expenditure Consumer the of figures of basis the on Government, Central The ainl ape uvy Office, Survey Sample National Every year, Ministry of Labour and Employment distributes awards,viz: distributes Employment and Labour of year,Ministry Every c) b) a) n Bidn ad te Cntuto Wres Rglto o mlyet and Employment of (Regulation Workers 1996. Act, Service) of Construction Conditions other and Building 1986, and Act, Welfare) and Health (Safety, Workers Dock the under covered the employers 1948, Act, factories the under covered establishments industrial the of part the on The foreign of savingscurrency. the in resulting substitution import the as well productivity,as health in and improvement safety to leading suggestions outstanding their for workers of their The of recognition in sector private the etc. in duty to devotion performance, workers more or 500 employing units Public Sector Undertakings of the Central and state governments and the manufacturing The Prime Prime Minister’s Shram Awards National Safety National Awards Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskars Puraskars Rashtriya Vishwakarma Directorate General of Mines Safety Safety Mines of General Directorate (NSA) (NSA) are given good in recognition safety of performance a ehne te ae eln fo R. 000 to 10,000 Rs. from ceiling wage the enhanced has are given to the workers employed in Department/ (VRP) (VRP) are given to individual workers or group www.iasscore.in DM) n the and (DGMS) Notes • • • • • • • • • National National Skill Development Mission nufcet ou o wrfre siain, ak f etfcto ad omn tnad ad a and standards common and certification of outputs, lack as well aspirations, as workforce infrastructure training on of focus quality insufficient and capacity the in gaps are there However, 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. overall achieving for 1. blocks building are: as They act Mission. to the of initially objectives proposed been have submissions Seven – – – institutions: other three by supported be will Directorate Mission – – – into divided been have Mission the tiers: of three objectives the achieving for mechanisms institutional Key Skill of Ministry by Entrepreneurship. driven and mechanism Development institutional streamlined a through implemented be will with It scale at skilling achieve to coordinate sectors and standards. across consolidate and making only speed decision not expedite would also NSDM but the efforts, India’, skilling ‘Skilled of vision the achieve To skill of terms in States and activities. sectors training across convergence create to developed been has Mission This and Development Skill of Ministry fledged 2014 full in a Entrepreneurship to upgraded subsequently and was Development department Skill The of Department first Industry, the the of 2014. in of formation needs Entrepreneurship the the notified to according India Entrepreneurship, of and Government Development Skill of field stakeholders the concerned all in of efforts the coordinating quickly of urgency and need the Recognizing sector. unorganized the on focus of lack pointed Trainers. Convergence. Infrastructure. training. Institutional (DGT). Training of General Directorate (NSDC). Corporation Development Skill National (NSDA). Agency Development Skill National the of arm executive the as Committee) Executive an Mission. with (along Directorate Mission A and Committee; Steering A level; apex at guidance policy for Council Governing eeaig ulc infrastructure. public Leveraging livelihoods. Sustainable employment. Overseas ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 53 Notes c) b) a) • • • • • Schemes Schemes and Initiatives Policy National on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 54 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India h ojcie il e o et h calne f klig t cl wt sed n sadr (quality). standard and speed with scale at skilling of challenge the meet to be will objective The ay ces o nrpeerhp upr ntok n pooin f sca entrepreneurship. social of promotion and network support 2016. in launched was(YUVA) YojanaAbhiyan scheme VikasYuva Udyamita Mantri Pradhan The entrepreneurship to access easy Yojana: among youth promotion educationand entrepreneurship Yuva entrepreneurship training, advocacy, through of elements Mantri on Focus process. Pradhan delivery program. skills of in stakeholders reach with wider connect ensure skill and based to sustainability quality, level competency for district value at aspirational training demonstrate development that institutions envisages benchmark PMKK The of create constituencies. district parliamentary to: every the in all centre of skill coverage ensuring model while of country the up setting for Scheme (PMKK): (PMKK). Kendra Pradhan Kaushal implements Mantri (NSDC), Kendras Corporation Development Skill National Kaushal through Entrepreneurship Mantri Skill 2015. The Pradhan in livelihood. launched was their (PMKVY), earn Yojana Vikas and Kaushal employable Mantri become Pradhan Scheme, to to youth Certification training of skill number large based a outcome mobilize and up enable to take is scheme reward and certification skill this of objective The (MSDE). Entrepreneurship and Development Skill of Ministry the of scheme training (PMKVY): Yojana Vikas Kaushal Mantri Pradhan productivity. and employability improved to development skill link will policy This arrangements. can institutional country the existing across the efforts within development aligned skill how be on coherence and clarity provide also will It outcomes. expected vehicle the the as act reach can which to frameworks institutional various the identify centres. to be demand also with will effort skilling The the link the and within standards out common carried to being activities them skilling align all to to country, framework umbrella an provide to aim will It h Shm am a cetn a ealn eoytm for ecosystem enabling an creating at aims Scheme The h Mnsr o Sil eeomn and Development Skill of Ministry The MV i te lghp ucm-ae skill outcome-based flagship the is PMKVY www.iasscore.in Chapter

Notes h floig ao porme ae en oeae b te iity f ua Development: Rural of 1. Ministry the by operated being are programmes major following The level. grassroots the at people of involvement indirect and were direct efforts governmental by if supplemented only provided adequately be can development accelerated social that realized but was sectors it allied on greater and later for health thrust as education, main Initially, communication, envisaged. industry, agriculture, are well on credit laid to as was access development planning, greater and people of reforms decentralization land programmers, of development, of development economic enforcement rural better for the prospects betterment in better people with of people economic participation rural increased the the provide to both order In implies transformation. built. were development of development blue-prints and Rural plans the all which upon premise planned basic the of of quality were of higher and life objectives Elimination better a itself. providing primary growth and opportunities of the process of inequality the based of and diseases be in poverty,ignorance, to one opportunities has employment alleviation been productive poverty of has the strategy increasing sustainable which on a that poverty realized was rural It governmental India. with of in all designed development been of have alleviation programmes objective of and primary policies aim The the people. the its and of independence welfare since the been state has endeavours welfare a been has INDIA tts n 1 no trioy Ti poes eue te ea i alcto o fns o pyet of level. payment various for at funds funds of of parking allocation removes in and delay states the the reduces to process wages This territory. union 1 and 21 states in (NeFMS) System Management of Fund Ministry Electronic the National wages, implemented has of Development payment Rural in delay down bring and mechanism flow fund the streamline To ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India ao Porme fr ua Development Rural for Programmes Major • • • Act Guarantee Employment Rural National Gandhi Mahatma 7 – – – – are: Scheme adult the whose of household Objectives rural every work. to manual unskilled year do financial to a volunteer members days in hundred employment one to wage up guaranteed providing by of security livelihood enhancing at aims country. programme the This of areas rural in implemented programme employment based wage rights a is (MGNREGA) Act Guarantee Employment Rural National Gandhi Mahatma Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions. Raj Panchayati Strengthening inclusion. social ensuring Pro-actively poor.the of base resource livelihood the Strengthening durability. demand and quality per prescribed as of areas assets productive rural in household every to year financial a in employment guaranteed as a work manual unskilled of days hundred one to up Providing UA AD URBAN AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India resulting in creation of creation in resulting www.iasscore.in 55 Notes • • • 3. 2. 56 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Yojana) Antyodaya (Deendayal Mission Livelihoods Rural National cost or at nominal charges and the banks are responsible for day to day functioning of the RSETI. the of functioning day to of day for besides free responsible land are crore banks provides the government one and state charges rupees nominal the at candidates, or of poor cost support rural training infrastructure of time cost the one reimbursing provides India government. of state of Government support The active the with initiative lead bank are RSETIs in (RSETI) country. Institute Training the Employment of Self district Rural each one up set to decided has government The Institute Training Employment Self Rural • • – – – – – – – – – poverty. abject of NRLM: out the come and of life features of Key quality their improve over to incomes time in increase of appreciable attain period to a support term long them provides Mission The phased (NGOs). a Organizations promoted in Non-Governmental those and (SHGs) including poor, agencies the Groups state of Help other SHGs by Self women all into supporting household at aims poor also and rural manner all mobilizing at aims It to supplement own funds. own supplement to SHG eligible per 10,000-15,000 Rs. of rate the at support (RF) Fund Revolving of Provision level. villages) of (groups cluster at Federation (CF) Cluster leveland village at Federations(VLF) Group Help Self Level levels—Village cluster and village at federations SHG of Promotion household. marginalized and vulnerable uled Tribes (STs), Vulnerable theParticularly Tribal Groups (PVTGs),disabled and other the Castes theScheduled the Sched- from (SCs) and women of the Special focuson mobilization manner.phased a in network SHG into country the in household poor rural each from member woman one least at of Mobilization h mlmnain a tre i 6 dsrcs 316 lcso tecuty n o far so and country the of promoted. been have blocks Groups Help 3,186 Self districts, 27,63,188 460 in started has implementation The So far 29 states (all states haveexcept (Puducherry) Goa)/union territory transited to NRLM. relatively in economy. the them place of and sectors employment youth wage rural high the of skills the build to seeks which component support placement and development skill for earmarked is allocation NRLM of cent per 25 districts. 100 additional to facility this extend to proposed the is It reducing cent. per cent 4 to per interest of 3 rate of effective subvention additional an get will time in Womenrepay lakh. will 3 who SHGs of outstanding credit maximum the upto interest cent per 7 at credit avail to eligible be will districts, IAP all include which districts, 150 selected in SHGs women All years. 8 to 5 of period a over lakh 1 Rs. of credit be bank would cumulative a member leverage SHG to able each that such credit bank to SHG each link to support Intensive households. poor the meet to VLF eligible to norms per of needs priority other such and as security,level security communitynutritionfood and health (VRF) Fund Reduction Vulnerability of Provision www.iasscore.in Notes 6. 5. 4. • ua eternus o stig p ir etrrss Crety 53 STs r fntoig n the in the functioning to are RSETIs hand-holding 583 term Currently, long enterprises. and micro training up term setting short for its entrepreneurs in rural lies RSETI the of strength core The • • Yojana Awaas Mantri Pradhan • • Yojana: Sadak Gram Mantri Pradhan • • • • Pariyojana Sashaktikaran Kisan Mahila country. – – include: PMAY-G of scheme the of features main The housing 2016-17. rural from the effect 2022, into by came All” which for “Housing for priority sc Government’s of context the In – – – – scheme: the of Objective sponsored the centrally a launched as strategy 2000 reduction December, the statethe Constitution. listas in roadsare assistper thestates,in crore) scheme to rural though poverty in (PMGSY) Yojana of Sadak part Gram a Mantri as Pradhan GOI connectivity, rural better give To for loan exposure, federations. skills, their the business and using by SHGs enterprises with the NRLM of months enterprises six critical first the supported during support the business and starting provide to is SVEP The (SVEP) NRLM. Programme in Entrepreneurship included Village was Start-up named scheme new a 2015-16, During crore. 110 Rs. total a at of states 16 outlay in support provided being are kisans mahila lakh 34 programme, the Under marginal. and the small meet predominantly to empowerment NRLM technical and socio-economic of their achieve and sub-component farmers women of a needs specific is (MKSP) Pariyojana Sashaktikaran Kisan Mahila – ee IA heme category. exclusion theautomatic less under falling or excluding after households two rooms with roof kutcha walls and kutcha houseswith in houselessliving are or that households covering data from and plain in lakh of beneficiaries based onthe Identification 1.20 Rs. to districts. 70,000 IAP and areas Rs. difficult states, hilly in lakh from 1.30 Rs. to 75,000 Rs. assistance unit of Enhancement of period the over areas 2018-19. rural to in 2016-17 from houses years crore 3 1 of construction for assistance Providing roads. such of km. 50,000 of target sanctioned total been against have roads km. 11,234 of upgradation for projects the PMGSY-II, Under programme. the to central not is it though standards, prescribed to links rural major and Routes” “Through existing the of connectivity,Toupgradation the provides also for farm-to-market full programme ensure the connectivity.weather all single envisages programme The above.250 and persons of population a with core-network per as habitations unconnected eligible connect To hs en r been has Y estr uctur d o Pr to ed adhan Mantri Mantri adhan Socio-Economic and Caste Census and Caste Socio-Economic A w aas aas ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India Y ojana - www.iasscore.in Gr mn (PMA amin (SECC 2011) Y -G), 57 Notes 8. 7. 58 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • • • Yojana: Kaushalya Grameen - Upadhyaya Dayal Deen • • • • • • • Programme Assistance Social National adtr tbes o tane, ahrlne boerc nomto o atnac, and attendance, on classes. information and centres biometric training of record Aadhar-linked time-stamped trainees, geo-tagged for tablets including skilling, for solutions mandatory IT introduce to first the and training, for procedures operating standard notify to first the India, in skilling of delivery standards-led in pioneer a is DDU-GKY – – – Aim: an has and standards Policy, global requirements. Development to and programmes Skill skill placement-linked National wage the benchmark to agenda, of ambitious component critical a is DDU-GKY – – – – – comprises: NSAP assistance. present, the At enhance to resources own their from contribute may States assistance.minimum uniform a with provided are beneficiaries the all that ensure to done is This share. state a of budget provision their no is from There respectively Affairs Home of Ministry and heads. Finance of and states Ministry the to by NSAP under UTs schemes the all for 2013-14. manner combined till a in Affairs released were Home Funds of Ministry heads budget and the Finance under was of NSAP Ministry of schemeof the of implementation for funds of Allocation bread primary the of death of family. case BPL the a in in assistance winner time one for provision include also and disable widows, aged, the for households BPL poor for programme assistance social a is NSAP – IAP districts under MGNREGS through convergence. through MGNREGS and under districts IAP (MGNREGS) Scheme Guarantee daysperson 95 hillydays areas and states,person in 90 plain areas and in difficult of Employment support Rural National Gandhi Mahatma Swachh under toilet of construction for Kosh and Swachh Bharat including funding dedicatedsource of other any or Bharat Mission assistance as 12,000 Rs. get will beneficiary The In this way, the scheme is expected to play a crucial role in generational poverty alleviation. poverty generational in role crucial a play to expectedway, is this scheme In the are who youth rural poor employment. million sustainable 55 providing than by ready-to-be-skilled, more benefit also will scheme the result, a As labour.skilled of source rural preferred globally a developing into India by dividend demographic a into surplus demographic India’s convert To Annapurna. and (NFBS), Scheme Benefit Family National Scheme,Pension Disability National Scheme,WidowPension National Scheme,Pension Age Old National www.iasscore.in Notes klig o rrl or ot i dmsi ad lbl jobs. through global and opportunities domestic providing in on youth poor focus rural a for with skilling DDU-GKY as announced was Skills Aajeevika • • • • • • • • • • • Post-placement support is given to candidates to enable assimilation into workforce and society.and workforce into assimilation enable to candidates to given is support Post-placement successful whicheverwages, all higher.minimum is the of or cent month per per 6,000 Rs. 70 of of salary minimum minimum a a with candidates, for mandated is employment wage in Placement projects. the implementing states and projects for systems rating/grading NSDC, of SSCs by developed QP-NOS or NCVT from curricula (SOPs), region. North-East from projects Procedures Operating andStandard guidelines Focus itsframework isdone through of on quality for reserved is investment capital DDU-GKY’s of 10 cent and per Roshni called states, nine of across in families districts (LWE) youth poor Extremist the Left-Wing of most-affected youth for 27 rural sub-scheme the for special initiative special a a Himayat; called through, Kashmir, & enabled Jammu is candidates of inclusion Regional disabilities. with persons for cent for cent per per 33 3 and and minorities to women cent per 15 groups, SC/ST to allocation cent per 50 - groups Full social inclusion of candidates is ensured by the mandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged – – scheme: the beneficiaries. of its feature of Key certification acceptable globally career and consistent assessment independent and ensure To beneficiaries, its to employment and upskilling; through sustainable progression and regular ensure To competencies; job-relevant and trades relevant market in skilled are youth poor rural ensure To vres lcmn ad atv placements. captive and support and placement train can overseas who partners training to given is PIAs. primacy projects, to skills given of also allocation In are placements foreign and progression career retention, job for Support The focus of this programme is on the rural youth from poor families, in the age group of group age years, the 35 to in 15 families, poor from youth rural the on is programme this of focus The placements. and training mobilization, for responsible training, skill in Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs), both public and private training partners with a legacy and state investments,controls; for responsible monitoring and Missions are Skills implementation SRLMs/State support; technical and investments central policy, for responsible unit in architecture implementation tier 3 a follows DDU-GKY f) e) d) c) b) a) Household covered under auto inclusion parameters of SECC 2011. SECC of parameters inclusion auto under covered Household and household; NRLM-SHG households; card PDS BPL household; YojanaAntyodayacard Anna household; RSBY work; of days 15 havecompleted members together household which in household worker MGNREGA belonging to: belonging ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India PPP mode PPP www.iasscore.in wt h national the with , 59 Notes 9. 60 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • – – existing implementing power,people’sconvergingand unleashing about primarily is programme The • • • • • Scheme: the of Features Salient • • • Yojana: Gram Adarsh Saansad • t lo ou o lvrgn te edrhp cpct, omtet nry f h idvda Ms to MPs individual Panchayats. the Gram of model energy develop commitment capacity, execution. leadership, the and leveraging on planning focus in also approach It bottom-up adopting and schemes/programmes government retto o te P ad h Cletr o ter tts 2 sae/T hv cnutd the conducted have states/UTs 29 states; their of Collectors the and MPs the of orientation a created has State/UT understood. Every be would villages, and poverty, model as of success out achieved come have to which household villages poor every Gram enabling identified on every focus for special prepared with Panchayat be would Plan Development Village a Yojana, the Under village. the of development Holistic and scheme; centered infrastructure an Not initiative; the lead and guide will Parliament of Members ‘ on Focus 2024; would by one which developed of 2019, such five March Thereafter, 2016. by by MPs, achieved by be chosen Grams Adarsh three develop to Aims decision- in especially village, of life the to related aspects governance. all to in related society making of sections all of other. for models into These the values include: adopting people’s - ensuring the transformed involvement asparticipating an end in itself in get values they certain that so instilling people at their aims and SAGY villages development, infrastructure context. mere present and beyond the comprehensive viewFar in this keeping translate reality, into to Gandhi is Mahatma (SAGY) Yojana of vision Gram organic Adarsh Saansad of goal The – – – – – – through: Accountability and Transparency policy. internship industrial and policy employer captivepolicy, employer champion - engagement multi-pronged through industry with partnership pro-active through India, in Make promotes programme The ral Development and the NABCONS.the and Development ral Ru- of Institute agencies, National i.e., the support technical designated through monitoring level state from apart monitoring project and appraisal project for mechanism Independent and process; monitoring the of validity and reliability for process monitoring Concurrent basis; time real on performance of e-reporting payments; tracking for system management financial public the on agencies implementing project of Mapping sessions; lab and classroom all of recording audio and CCTV centre; training every in training available for inventory of check Online andtrainees; trainers for ID unique based attendance on biometric stamped Geo-tagged time a Bhagidar’ Jan cmuiy participation); (community State Team of Trainers (STOT), Trainers of Team State drh rm (n pr year) per (one Grams Adarsh who shall in-turn assist in the in assist in-turn shall who www.iasscore.in il e eetd and selected be will Notes 1. Raj: Panchayati of Ministry the under Schemes • 10. iity f acaai Raj Panchayati of Ministry • • • • Abhiyan: Sashaktikaran Panchayat PESA. and ZD 243 Article per as Committees Planning district the regarding provisions Constitution, the of IX Part of provisions the of compliance the ensure to objective primary the has It • • Programme Modernization Reforms Land Natural • – atclry riig upr fr rm acaa Dvlpet ln (GPDP). Plan Development Panchayat Gram for support training particularly Award (FFC) Commission Finance Fourteenth under obligations building capacity their meet to states supporting for meant primarily were Component Central the under received funds These activities. Central for 2015-16 in RGPSA for provided were crore 191 Rs. accountability.of tune the to of Funds structures place in put and devolution Panchayats to of power promotion and of training Panchayat infrastructure, man-power, functioning the providing effective by the Panchayats in implementing capacity of limited been and infrastructure has inadequate manpower, MoPR of lack the powers, PRIs of devolution inadequate of constraints of major the addresses to Abhiyaan Sashaktikaran functioning the improve To – – flagship the of one was The (IWMP) Programme Management programmes. Watershed Integrated The others. many of and benefits schemes providing security system, PDS social of strengthening immunization, cent per 100 ensured have Panchayats Gram Many indicators). (6 basis yearly and indicators) (7 yearly half indicators), (22 quarterly on measured is impact The e-governance. and security broadly social security, food indicators inclusion, outcome through measured is Progress GPs. covering basic amenities, the education, health, sanitation, in livelihood, women empowerment, SAGY financial of impact the Darpan: Panchayat availableTamil, Telugumade Punjabi, and online. Urdu) and The SAGY guidelines were translated into seven regional languages (Gujarati, Kannada, Marathi, distributed. and printed were guidelines copies of 10,000 Collectors; District and Parliament of Members for programme orientation state ua rsucs H) H fr EA n egvrac, n fr rgam management programme for and e-governance, and PESA costs. for and HR infrastructure (HR), training GPDP, resources for requirement human building capacity for provided is Support adi terrsetv aes 9sae/T aesopdmna iseo osad 22 and RoRs of websites. their issue in manual uploaded havestates/UTs stopped have states/UTs 19 areas, of respective (RoR) their Records in land of registration the computerized have states/UTs 27 DILRMP, Under been has (DILRMP). (NLRMP) Programme Modernization Records Land India Programme Digital as renamed Modernization Reforms Land National of Scheme The aua Ln Rfrs oenzto Programme: Modernization Reforms Land Natural h Mnsr hs eeoe a 5 on ipc mntrn to t gauge to tool monitoring impact point 35 a developed has Ministry The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 61 Notes 2. 62 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Abhiyan: Swaraj Gram Rashtriya • • • • • include: building capacity for Ministry the by undertaken Initiatives • • • • • • – – – and states the to disseminated and prepared institutions: been training have guidelines and material Supporting villages. PESA in governance strengthening for Support training. and governance.capture providingand e-governance for computers toolsinformation for Support for resources human and infrastructure - capability training building for Support governance. local of stakeholders all of training for Support GPDP. of aspects the on thrust particular with stakeholders all for facilities training and building capacity the enhance and support to made be will efforts comprehensiveRGSA Under scheme. this for preparing Panchayats Gram Awareness lakh resulted 1.45 has etc. process in participatory funds, a through Bharat for Plans Development Swachh Panchayat Gram funds, guidelines for building MGNREGS funds, specific FFC state including command develop to (GPDP) states Plans Development supported has Sabhas MoPR Gram level. Panchayat enabled the and at resources empowerment of economic convergence through empowerment, social on focus which the of lines the on people.be will scheme new the of the thrust The to services and amenities basic providing in Panchayats by leadership leveland local the at convergentplans for opportunity an created awardhas FFC The – – – – sub-schemes: following the have will RGSA 2016. in announced Development was Sustainable (SDGs) the Goals on deliver to capabilities governance develop to Institutions Raj (ERs). Representatives Elected lakh scheme,A new restructured namely, Rashtriya 30 SwarajGram Abhiyan (RGSA) tohelpPanchayati and Panchayats elected lakh 2.55 nearly there and are country the across place in is system Raj Panchayati mandated Constitutionally The netvzto f panchayats. of Incentivization and bhawans;panchayat in ATMservices e-panchayat; on project mode Mission building; Capacity s etr nttto fr aaiy ulig raig aeil fr rm Panchayats Gram for Programme. Development materials Nations United by supported reading building, capacity developed for under “ institution mentor as Raj (NIRD&PR) Panchayati & Development Rural of Institute National with Collaboration GPDP. for planning patory convergence,partici- GP for - framework SHG on advisory planning, grassroots for Manual GPDP.on guidelines central Toolkit generation, GPDP,environment on on advisory Strengthening CapacitiesStrengthening of Panchayati Raj Institutions” (SCPRI) which converge all the resources over which the Panchayats havePanchayats the which over resources the all converge which Gramoday se Bharat Uday programme Uday Bharat se Gramoday www.iasscore.in rm Panchayat Gram project Notes • • • • • • • Commission Finance Fourteenth of Recommendations 3. iity f rnig ae ad Sanitation and Water Drinking of Ministry • Initiatives: e-Panchayat 1. country. the in sanitation for [SBM(G)] (Gramin) Mission Bharat Swachh the and supplywater drinking rural (NRDWP) for Water Programme Drinking Rural National the viz., India of Government the of programmes flagship the of coordination and funding overallpolicy,the planning, for Ministry nodal the is Sanitation Water and Drinking of Ministry The states. the by adoption for Ministry the by been have developed (PRIs) Project Institutions participatory Raj Mode Panchayati in Mission based accountability and e-Panchayat transparency (web under foster that Plus Applications (MMP) important Plan two and the are software) software) accounting planning Panchayat based an (web grants, FFC PRIASoft including grants developed. of been has utilization and (MIS) release system online the of monitoring better facilitate To latest the in recommended formula approved the per as Panchayats Gram to grants the distribute to are states The by states various to Expenditure) released and allocated are grants The Meghalaya, in VI Schedule Mizoram. under and Nagaland areas of areas Manipur,rural IX of districts Non-Part hill the in areas the to Assam, and Tripura Mizoram, grants recommended not has FFC The under Constitution. constituted the country the of in IX Panchayats Gram Part to devolved being are crore tune the 2,00,292.20 to Rs. grants of 2015-20 period the for award (FFC) Commission Finance Fourteenth the Under • • • Abhiyan: Bharat Swachch certificates, of issue like services to etc. citizen licenses, developed of delivery been and audit has social monitoring, Applications accounting, decentralized Common Core of of organs address various suite aspects of Panchayats’ as functioning including a planning, budgeting, MMP, implementation, e-Panchayat effective Under and Institutions, accountable Raj Panchayati institutions. transparent, of self-governing functioning more the them transform making completely to seeks project The India. of programme Govt. India Digital of the under (MMPs) Projects Mode Mission the of one is e-Panchayat • 100 per cent by 2019’. by cent per 100 ‘ to aims Abhiyan The of Ministry the by implemented Water Drinking Sanitation. and is programme The supply. water drinking adequate and sanitation to person every for access pave to includingtoilets,facilities solid waste andliquid is disposal systems, village cleanliness and safe Abhiyan Bharat Swachh of concept The tt Fnne Commission Finance State n codne ih h gieie ise b ta Ministry. that by issued guidelines the with accordance in triple the growth percentage of toilets from present 39 per cent to cent per 39 present from toilets of percentage growth the triple SC report. (SFC) iity f iac (eatet of (Department Finance of Ministry ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 63 Notes 64 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Plan Action Swachhta • Pakhwada Swachhata • (Gramin): Mission Bharat Swachh • • ures have been proposed: havebeen ures meas- important the of some areas rural in sanitation in mechanism delivery To strengthen country.the of schools of part As to work for its realization in a significant manner with appropriate budget provisions. budget appropriate with manner significant a in realization its for work to the vision that swachhta is everyone’s business. All Union ministries/departments have started of realization concrete is a Swachhta, for programme inter-ministerial kind its SAP,of a first activities. Pakhwada and the for plan them help ministries to GoI engaging by ministries the among pre-circulated is Swachhata calendar annual An of jurisdiction. their in departments practices and issues the on focus intense of fortnight a bringing of objective the with 2016 April in started was Pakhwada Swachhata are: SBM(G) the of objectives main The c) b) a) – – – – – – able sanitation. able sustain- and safe ecologically for technologies appropriate and effective cost Encourage and 2019; October 2nd by Bharat Swachh of vision the achieve to areas rural in coverage sanitation Accelerate defecation; open eliminating cleanliness,hygieneand ing promot- areas,by rural the in life of quality general the improvementin an about Bring should state and Centre of officers senior recently.Besidesdata baseline through SupplyWater ing Drink- of Ministry by collected been has household each the of of name already MIS Ministry,as the through up taken be shall level household the at monitoring Intensive and incentives; linked performance him giving and sanitation on skills with a Identifying activities; sanitation in pacity ca- strengthening and information disseminating in (GP) Panchayats Gram to support a Developing space; bathing with maybe toilets better construct to funds need or incentives for of eligible are construction which the toilets for households those to collateral) without lending sector priority Enable a system small of loans through agencies like India; of Government to funds of cost ‘ with states to Release idle sectors; that two ofthe either funds in starved of not statestargets lie in are and not do funds so sanitation and water between funds of interchangeability with sanitation, Signing MoU with states, both water on and water and sanitation for of implementation Swachh Bharat Swachh directly talk to the Sarpanches the to talk directly Swachchata Doot Swachchata lc ee cadre Level Block , priority is being given to build toilets for boys and girls in all in girls and boys for toilets build to given being is priority , Just in Time’ in Just (messenger) for each GP in the country,him the equipping in GP each for (messenger) o sntto codntr wosal ete main the be shall who coordinators sanitation of concept, to be adopted by Centre to avoid extra avoid to Centre by adopted be to concept, on telephone to get feedback. get to telephone on NABARD, SIDBI www.iasscore.in (or banks through Notes b) a) • • • • • • ra Development Urban 2. • (AMRUT): Transformation Urban and Rejuvenation for Mission Atal • • • Yojana: Augmentation and Development City Heritage million National a of population had India in cities 52 as plus. many as 2011, by Census million 575 to of According total A.D.staggering a 2030 reach will India in population urban growth, of rate current At quasi a to rural predominantly a from transition society. cities, of large midst urban the of in number be to the said in be increase may dramatic India a although by characterized is urbanization of process The reduction. poverty and growth economic national of Urbanization in India has become an important and irreversible process, and an important determinant programmes. and sectoral and coordinating guidance legislative guidelines, policy a through sector urban plays of issues schemes. various addresses India sponsored Ministry The centrally of through Government development urban the supports but also and and subject role state formulation monitoring a policy is broad Development of development. Urban urban of responsibility area the the has in programmes of Development monitoring Urban of Ministry The aciua, ahr, ui Vrns, eakni n Warangal. and Velankanni Varanasi, Puri, namely, Mathura, cities Kanchipuram, implemented being identified initially is 12 and Scheme in Sector Central a as operated being is Mission The country. the in cities heritage at aimed is scheme The cities. 12 of coverage initial an with 2015 in launched (HRIDAY)Yojanawas Augmentation and Development City Heritage National The • • • • Programme Water Drinking Rural National – Mission: the of Objective The cities/towns. The Mission is being operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS). Scheme Sponsored Centrally a as operated being is Mission The cities/towns. To 500cities/towns in improvewould be knownwhich as Mission infrastructure basic urban focus. of area important an is sector supply water drinking rural the in Institutions Raj Panchayati the of participation the Thus states. the by panchayats to entrusted be may that subjects the amongst Constitution the of Schedule Eleventh the in included also is and subject state a is supply water drinking Rural areas. rural in schemes supply water drinking of operation ful for and sector the to success-the for capacities and infrastructure resources developmentthe environment of for an creating additional significant of provision the in resulted the has This of creation the on focuses which Nirman Bharat infrastructure. of component a is NRDWP The country.the of population rural the to water drinking safe and adequate providing at aimed scheme sponsored centrally a (NRDWP)is Water Programme Drinking Rural National The rsrig n rvtlzn te ol n uiu character unique and soul the revitalizing and preserving je, mrvt, misr Bdm, wra Gaya, Dwarka, Badami, Amritsar, Amaravati, Ajmer, ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in f the of 65 Notes d) c) 66 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • • Mission Cities Smart • Cities: • Mega Seven around Towns Satellite in Development Infrastructure Urban for Scheme • • • rae rpial mdl hc wl at ie lgt os t ohr siig cities. aspiring other to house light a like act will which model replicable a create areas, compact at look to is idea the and developmentinclusive the and sustainable on on is focus The ecosystem urban entire planning. the integrated developing and of complete idea of the principles on based is Mission Cities Smart – – – are: Scheme infrastructure this of urban Objectives for The scheme cities. mega pilot seven a around towns implementing satellite is in development Development Urban of Ministry of A&OE under SLIP of Mission. preparation for this States/UTs to released been has crore 123.38 Rs. advance of an As (SAAP). Plan Action Annual State the prepare will SLIP,states of basis the On (SLIP) Plans Improvement Level Service ULBs. lakh, of 25 by preparation Rs. below for comes States/UTs it to wherever released eligibility per been as has or city per lakh 25 Rs. of advance An – – – – AMRUT: of Purpose The – culzn tesii o oprtv fdrls.A o o, 9 iis twshv been have towns cities/ 497 now, of Mission. thus this As under selected projects, federalism. of cooperative of implementation spirit and the planning actualizing in partners equal states makes AMRUT non-motor- cycling).(e.g.,and walking for transport ized facilities constructing or transport public to switching by pollution Reduce (e.g.and parks); spaces open maintained well and greenery developing cities by of value amenity the Increase connection; a sewerage and water of supply assured with a tap has access to household every that Ensure notified with destinations. hill lakh and tourist and rivers one main of over stem like on cities of cities some towns, capital other certain population and a areas) (Civilian with Boards towns Cantonment including and Municipalities, cities all cover to aims It avsigad es ad eyl f at ae ad mlmnain f ulc Private Public of implementation and water projects. waste (PPP) Partnership of water recycle and management, reuse disaster for and provisions harvesting incorporate urban to the bye-laws for sites housing of of cent formulation per poor, 10-15 least at and services basic for budgets of ing earmark- charges,user reasonable of levy as such reforms of implementation Strengthening and benchmarks; level service of accounting, entry implementation and wastewaterand water utilities double of code,audit building energy waterand tax, property national the with compliance in safety norms e-Governance, environment,free structural barrier of creation as such reforms implement To their channelize to cities; mega and the on pressure reduce megacities to as so seven growth future the around towns satellite at etc. management, waste solid and seweragewater, drinking as such facilities infrastructure urban developTo www.iasscore.in Notes e) • • Policy: Transport Urban National A • • • • Transport: Urban • • • • • • • • • • include: would city smart a in elements infrastructure core The • • rnprain n tafc ln wt ln ue ln fr vr ubn agglomeration. urban every for plans use land of with integration plans for policy traffic appropriate and an transportation to attention give to necessary is it planning urban by For care. poor health urban and the education on employment, impact to beneficial access economic a their facilitating have improving hereby also would and mobility areas improved urban Such in growth. mobility improving for a requirement are modes critical ion-motorized and products. pedestrianisation petroleum transport, public of in consumption improvement Significant increasing an transport, as public well as of accidents neglect of with incidence along higher pollution, air vehicle congestion, increased in motor resulted has personal modes non-motorized of and pedestrianisation use the in growth Rapid the in growth rapid a demand. to travel led urban has size city increased with coupled population urban Increasing and education. elderly; and the Health and children women, particularly citizens, of security and Safety environment; Sustainable participation; citizen and e-Governance especially governance, Good digitalization; and connectivity IT Robust poor; the for especially housing, Affordable transport; public and mobility urban Efficient management; waste solid including Sanitation, supply; electricity Assured supply; water Adequate – – cities. smart as developed Objective: be The will that areas urban 20 first announced of has list government the the experts international and national of smart panel their a of by evaluation proposals and city Cities Smart potential 98 of names of (CSS). finalization Scheme to Subsequent Sponsored Centrally a and as within operated of both is parts Mission replicated and regions The various be country.in can cities the similar that of examples creation the set catalysing City, to Smart the meant outside is Mission Cities Smart The e o maue fr aaiy ulig n ra tasot planning. transport urban in building capacity for measures of set comprehensivea also as spaces parking adequate travel,of encouragement provision of modes transport, non-motorised public of in improvements significant planning, transport and “ use to land is policy the of focus The The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact cities. aspiring at other to lighthouse look a like act to will which is model replicable a idea create areas, the and development inclusive and sustainable on is focus The its to life of quality Solutions. decent ‘Smart’ a of application give and environment sustainable and and clean a citizens, infrastructure core provide that cities promote To oe epe o Vehicles Not People Move . hs oiy niae integrated envisages policy This ”. ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 67 Chapter

Notes • • • • • • • • Policy Innovation and Technology Science, ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India 68 Department of Science and Technology and Science of Department ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India e) d) c) b) are: attention its devotes a) Department the which in domains important the of Some outputs. technological and scientific increase to community S&T Indian enable to initiatives planned several implement to pace its kept capability, and capacity Technology, Science and technology and science its endeavornational of in strengthen to Department an oiy goal. policy the main is (SRISHTI) India for path led technology high for system innovation and research Science, the to sector science link country. and the competitiveness of global agenda gain developmental to aspiration an reveals policy STI sector. technology and science in innovations for thrust a includes 2013 in unveiled Policy (STI) Innovation and TechnologyScience, new The e porme ad cin ln fr mlmnain n cec, ehooy n innovation and technology science, country. in the implementation in sector for plans action and programmes new design and develop to established been have institutions academic in centers research policy Five Policy dedicated a established already Cell. has Research Department policy. the STI action, new into the vision this of translate aspirations To expressed are the science in of powers one knowledge as six India of of five emergence top and systems innovation and research science, of Integration 8 rvdn ST nus o oit fr t scoeooi bnft; n plc fruain for formulation policy and benefits; socio-economic sector. its S&T for society to inputs S&T Providing and challenges; national solving for commercialization technology for missions;Deploying through national technology capacitydeveloping and of institutions industry promoting science; for partnerships for mechanisms multi-stakeholder of establishment the for Support research; scientific in India ranking of global enhancing for facilities infrastructural building and institutions R&D competitive Nurturing globally science; out of carrying areas for edge cutting technologists in and R&D scientists of pool the Strengthening SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENTS www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • • – are mission nano the of objectives fashion. main comprehensive The a in research of area emerging this in R&D promote Na • • • • • • ainl ntaie o Dvlpn ad ansig noain (IH) a be eovd s an NIDHI as of evolved components been specific (The are: has booster. ecosystem (NIDHI) innovation seamless Innovations a for Harnessing scheme umbrella and Developing for Initiative National NIDHI tional Mission of Mission tional Opportunities for Womenfor Opportunities Scientists Attracting Young Talent lmt Change Climate Technology and Science Nano nweg o hmlys edl aalbe o te n ues n community and users end the for available readily the himalayas make on to knowledge launched was (http://knowledgeportal-nmshe.in/) Portal Change Climate Himalayas Department. the by implementation under are for (NAPCC) Plan Change Action Climate National under launched (NMSKCC) Change Climate for on KnowledgeMission Strategic National and (NMSHE) Ecosystem Himalayan the Sustaining for Mission National dialogues. national Orchestrating collaboration. International development. resource Human development. technology and Nano-application development. infrastructure Research promotion. research Basic technology. engineering and sciences atmospheric & earth sciences, life in sciences, break chemical had who sciences, scientists mathematical & physical in women research pursue to reasons, to family to due career,primarily their opportunity provides DST initiative, unique this Through Nurturing). namely its scheme under science flagship in women for initiatives several launched Technology and Science of Department years. three last to during education higher Laureates for scholarship awarded been have Nobel students 40,000 Around including abroad and innovations. India of from joy icons the science experience the with interact to science pursuing students XI class to opportunity provide to organized are duration days 5 of camps Science during awards INSPIRE provided been have 10-15 years. of 3 group past age the in students lakh 3.67 About research. and science for talent of (INSPIRE) research inspired for pursuit science in Innovation Nano Science and Science Nano IA (nweg Ivleet n eerh dacmn through Advancement Research in Involvement (Knowledge KIRAN T ec hnolo g y - an umbr an - y ella pr ella is an ongoing initiative for attraction initiativefor ongoing an is o g r amme ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India - w as launc as www.iasscore.in hed in 2007 to 2007 in hed 69 Notes • • • • • • • (NATMO)• Organisation Mapping Thematic and Atlas National - NATMO language. any in students school lakh invited be 10 to are from needs national the to of relevant ideas base intervention, the cultural by widen pyramid Toinnovation Knowledge):the and Aspirations National Augmenting Minds (Million MANAK MANAK 4. 3. 2. 1. 70 uvy f India of Survey ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ragmns Udr N adt, uvy f ni as poie spot o onre i Asia- in countries infrastructures. to data support spatial in provides building also capacity India for region of Pacific Survey bilateral mapping, mandate, under technologies UN of surveying field Under other arrangements. the various and in technology, etc., of Mauritius, transfer Bhutan, education, survey Indonesia, Zimbabwe, Lanka, Sri countries Nepal, other maps to Iraq, support on provides also boundaries. depiction India inter-state of their of Survey demarcation India, The the of on advise boundary also external and country the the fix in to published responsible applications. is GIS and Department planning various The for on agencies maps various by topographical used of being base is data data digital cartographic The scales. digital of creation Department. Technology undertaken and has Science SOI with Scientific pace photogrammetry, keep digital Indian to and data in cartography basic digital provide participation to to etc., related glaciology, projects and seismotectonics, Antarctica and to Expedition seismicity of study surveys, geophysical and geodetic of field the in expertise its deploy to extensively upon called been also has It India. of security and prosperity progress, full their the contribute to resources special measure all a that ensure bears and development India base integrated provide and to expeditious suitably of for mapped maps and Survey explored Agency,is Mapping domain country’s the Principal that National ensure to the responsibility as role assigned its In 1767. in up set Science was Technology, of Ministry and the under organisation mapping and survey national the (SOI), India of Survey ntttos f ihr Learning. Higher of Institutions National in entrepreneurship of aspirit inculcating MHRD— with collaboration in Centre Start-up in and start-ups; (IEDCs) promote Centres to students Development encouraging for Entrepreneurship institutions academic and Innovation through Startup-NIDHI risk; reduce to system Support - (EIR) Residence in Entrepreneur Prototype; to Idea from Support (PRAYAS)- Startups & innovators Aspiring and Young of Acceleration and Promotion xeietl ai. t sas tyn t itoue h tcnqe f sn ealc oor i map in colours metallic using of technique printing. the developmental introduce to for trying also is useful It basis. forms, on other NATMOmaps experimental for with printing spatial reverse maps of in technology resource the develop them to integrate trying NATMOis represent to planning. areas and of data number socio-economic a in relevant attention and its Atlas concentrates National also the It by of Department. care the taken under are operating users (NATMO) specific Organisation Mapping the Thematic of needs the meet maps to thematic specialised required some cartography, in needs national the meets India of Survey While .. Ngra Agaitn Kenya, Afghanistan, Nigeria, e.g., www.iasscore.in Notes • Enrichment Boron • • • Board Water Heavy • • • • • are: objectives its of of Some development the in medicine, engaged agriculture, is of fields research. 1954 basic the and in in industry, technologies radiation established (DAE), of applications technology, Energy power nuclear Atomic of Department The • • • • • tmc Energy Atomic Research Industrial and Scientific of Council - CSIR n dpomn o idgnu tcnlge fr rdcin f nihd oo fr h 1t oe of core 1st the for boron enriched of production PFBR. for technologies indigenous of deployment and process,separation up development,isotope took handling demonstration experience of its decades of HWB,with FBRs, on based NPP of stage second for required input material the with consonance In of supplier trusted a and producer material. global largest strategic the as this emerged has HWB time, of period a Over envisioned the per DAE. as AHWRs of and programme PHWRs power future the nuclear for water heavy supply but upto water,heavy geared also of demand is domestic the man. meeting in common manner self-sufficient only to effective not cost is cost Board affordable the Presently, a an at in power Reactors nuclear Water provide Heavy to Pressurised department the all enabling for water heavy producing by Programme PowerNuclear of stage first the to successfully contributed has Board WaterHeavy The security. national to contribution and research; of with areas related in cooperation international interaction and science, of areas frontier related and universities and energy academic institutions, support nuclear to R&D in projects having a research bearing on DAE’sbasic programmes to Support and industry; to technology of transfer encourage and lasers accelerators, as such technologies advanced industry; Developing and agriculture medicine, of field the in applications technology facilities; cycle radiation proven out carrying and fuel radioisotopes of production for reactors research of operation associated and Building other with reactors and thorium and indigenous reactors of breeder fast Developing deployment through power nuclear of technologies. share the Increasing Bank. Gene and (MTCC) Collection Culture Type (TKDL). Microbial Library maintains Digital Knowledge It Traditional of custodian the is and created has temperature,CSIR time, distance, mass, of standards etc. measurement current, for custodian nation’s the is CSIR technology. information and engineering environmental instrumentation, aeronautics, oceanography,physics,mining, sciences,to spacegeophysics, nanotechnology earth and genomics,chemicals, drugs, biotechnology and radio technology—from and areas. science S&T of spectrum diverse wide in a covers It base knowledge R&D edge cutting its for known is which body autonomous an is 1942 in constituted (CSIR) Research, Industrial & Scientific of Council The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 71 Notes • Technologies Advanced • Reactors Research • Reactor (Kamini) Mini Kalpakkam • • • • • • Reactors Based Thorium • • • • Reactors Breeder Fast • Sodium 72 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India oim s nte iprat nu fr Bs ue a coat n h ratr Ntokn wt the with Networking reactor. the in coolant as used FBRs, for input important another is Sodium aes avne mtras rbtc, uecmues isrmnain n others. and instrumentation supercomputers, robotics, materials, advanced lasers, accelerators, as such technologies advanceddeveloping in engaged are DAE of centres research The research. scientific UGC-DAE the for of Consortium facility beam neutron the utilized country the across from researchers of number Dhruva for tested. devices measurement flux successfully pyro neutron were various for PFBR required of chambers of fission radiography temperature neutron High Space. for of successfully Department operated was reactor Kamini features. safety passive advanced several will have reactor this moderator, as water heavy and coolant as water Water light using Heavyand thorium by Advanced Fuelled MWe 300 a developing been has BARC (AHWR). programme, Reactor this of part a As which 233 Uranium isotope fissile fuel. the nuclear into a transmuted is is 232 Thorium cycle, fuel thorium the In scale. generation power commercial for a fuel as on thorium using at aims Stage-3 Programme Power Nuclear Indian uranium. The of those than larger are thorium of resources World demand. part energy major a world meeting the for option of sustainable only the is cycle fuel closed employing power Nuclear to caters reactors. also fast years, 25 to over related for development Kalpakkam technology at operating (FBTR), Reactor Test Breeder Fast The etc. safety, instrumentation, science, materials metallurgy, engineering, endeavour reactor development as and such disciplines research its of range by a in supported is IGCAR of Programme Reactor Fast The consume. they than fuel more produce reactors Breeder and reactors breeder fast technologies. cooled cycle sodium fuel of associated development for pursuing Centre is Gandhi Indira (IGCAR) the Research Programme, Generation Atomic Power Nuclear the of stage second the For ultimate up. the set with scale tested industrial are an cells size of larger intent Successively sodium. grade nuclear of production for Indian R&D organizations, HWB has developed indigenous and safer closed electrolytic cell technology prtd t ae pwr f 0 Mt t hg sft lvl n aalblt fco. A factor. availability and level safety high a at MWt 100 of power rated at operated www.iasscore.in Notes d) c) b) a) Energy Atomic to Related Organizations • • Agriculture Nuclear • Technology Radiation & Radioisotopes • n ter plctos o bte co vreis tcnqe fr rp poeto, aito based radiation protection, crops for techniques varieties, crop better technologies for radiation applications of their development the and in engaged also are BRIT and RRCAT,BARC, VECC • Ltd. India • of Corporation Electronics and Ltd. Earth Rare Indian • Ltd. India of Corporation Uranium • Ltd. India of Corporation Power Nuclear • • • • Institute National Bhabha Homi traders. and farmers Indian benefiting are technologies These areas. the other for and studies, technology pesticide- related and radiation fertilizer items, food of of processing use radiation seeds, the crop yielding high on focusesof development DAE of Programme Agriculture Nuclear The DAE. of efforts consistent the of result a as isotope today the in technology countries leading the of one is India research. and agriculture industry,healthcare, in radioisotopes various of applications and development the in role significant a playingDAEbeen has growth. industrial and environment better water, particularly drinking diseases safe for of technologies radiotherapy cancer, and radio-diagnosis for techniques technologies, post-harvest n Gvrmn o Taacr Cci. oenet f ni to cnrl f RL n 1963 in IREL of control took India of Government Cochin. Travancore of India Government of Government and the by owned jointly and company limited private a as incorporated was Limited Earths Rare Indian The ore uranium processing. of in India. milling uranium and mining the and for responsible mining is and uranium 1967 in founded for was corporation Energy Atomic of Department the under India of Corporation Uranium (DAE). India of Govt. Energy, administered Atomic is NPCIL electricity. of for Department power the nuclear by of generation the Government for Central the responsible by is owned wholly and is It Maharashtra. of state the in Mumbai in based The abroad. and country the in institutes academic and research premier with linkages its strengthen to continued HBNI students. to awarded were Ph.D including diplomas and Degrees Studies. Undergraduate and Sciences, Studies Life Strategic Sciences, Sciences, Health Physical Sciences, Sciences, Mathematical Engineering Sciences, Chemical as namelyof Boards eight Studies existence.its with its courses various offering by of programmes academic years its continued ten HBNI completed (MHRD) Ministry Development by and university Resource deemed a Human as of accredited (HBNI) Institute National Bhabha Homi The ant s el s aiu vle de products. added value various as well and as sillimanite, monazite, garnet zircon, rutile, ilmenite, namely (DAE). minerals heavy Energy six produces/sells Atomic It of Department of control administrative the under Nuclear Power Corporation of India Power Limited of Nuclear Corporation

The firm operatesThe firm mines at Jadugora, Bhatin, Narwapahar, Turamdih and Banduhurang.

(IREL) ( UCIL is a government-owned corporation based in Mumbai. It Mumbai. in based corporation government-owned a is ) is a centrally owned Public Sector Undertaking (PSU), Undertaking Sector Public owned centrally a is ) ( NPCIL ) is a government-owned corporation ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 73 Notes • • • • • programme. Space Indian the of achievements numerous witnessed 2017 June - 2016 March period The Space of Field the in Achievements • • • • • • • • Mission Orbiter Mars - MOM 74 nin pc Programme Space Indian ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India h tid osctvl scesu luc o GL cryn te nieos roei Upr Stage Upper Cryogenic indigenous (CUS). the carrying GSLV of launch successful consecutively third the became (GSLV- II) II Mk Vehicle-Mark Launch Satellite Geosynchronous of launch the apart, This Engine flights. test SCRAMJET maiden and successful (RLV-TD) their Demonstrator had Technology Demonstrator Technology - Vehicle Launch programme. Reusable vehicle launch The the in technologies new demonstrated in orbits also different ISRO two mission. in single satellites place a to capability its demonstrating also while mission in single satellites a 104 launching of distinction unique the had (PSLV)Vehicle Launch Satellite Polar The from launched successfully also were GSAT-18 Guiana. French and GSAT-17 satellites these communication by India’s launched were satellites foreign 152 and satellites missions. student four satellites, ISRO while ten Sriharikota two the (SHAR), PSLVs, Centre seven Space Dhawan included Satish GSLV-MKIII from that one accomplished and GSLV-Mk II successfully were missions vehicle launch Twelve Antrix (SCL). Laboratory services. and products space the Semi-Conductor markets company,owned government a and as 1992 in established (NE-SAC) Corporation, Centre Applications North (NARL), Eastern-Space Laboratory Research Atmospheric National (PRL), Laboratory Research (ISRO),Physical Organisation Research Space Indian mainly, through, programmes these implements DOS the for country. technology the and science of space space benefit of Indian socio-economic application the and of development implementation the promote the to oversees programme and policies the formulates Commission of Space 1972. in Department DOS the under ISRO established brought and and 1972 commission in space (DOS) the Space constituted near India of (TERLS) Government The 1969. Station August, in established Launching was (ISRO) Organisation Rocket Research Space Indian Equatorial Thumba on started. also work was Thiruvananthapuram year, same the In 1962. in for Committee (INCOSPAR) National Research Indian of Space up setting the with initiated were country the in activities Space ih lf-f ms o 14 k, h Mr Obtr pccat are fv payloads five carried Spacecraft Orbiter – Mars the kg, 1340 of mass lift-off a With Mars. planet Indian to first the mission as well spacecraft as mission spacecraft interplanetary first India’s is Mission Orbiter Mars as oor Camera, Colour Mars www.iasscore.in – Notes utmr aelts ae en ucsfly anhd y SV o far. so PSLV by launched successfully international been 209 have Antrix, with satellites contracts customer commercial Under market. global the in services and products Corporation Antrix Commerce Space • • • • • Support Management Disaster and Applications Space • • • ASTROSAT • • • fires. forest and cyclones,earthquakes landslides,floods, as such disasters natural monitoring in (NRSC) engaged is Centre Sensing Remote National at disasters. established (DMS-DSC) of Centre management Support Decision efficient The the for means communication as based well space as provide information to and continues ISRO data of programme (DMS) Support Management Disaster The rescue. and search aided satellite and prospects bodies water groundwaterlakes, glacial monitoring, of pipeline drought, inventory,monitoring mapping, gas agricultural monitoring, inventory, earthquake crops and agricultural landslides Resources fire, in forest helped Natural constellation satellite National remote of Indian architecture country. the in (NNRMS) implementation System Management multi-pronged well-established through out carried being are levels local and state national, at projects applications sensing Remote year. the during continued were by INSAT/GSAT offered and telemedicine tele-education The societal services of the area satellites in ri ts o is ie payloads. five its in extensive of following test operational became ASTROSAT orbit orbit, planned the spectrum. into launch electromagnetic its the After of regions X-ray and violet ultra visible, the in the universe viewing simultaneously of capable observatory wavelength multi first India’s is ASTROSAT PSLV. vehicle launch workhorse India’s by 2015 28, September on launched successfully was It mission critical systems. achieve to other spacecraft and ISRO propulsion of capabilities enabled stringent and which functions autonomy enhanced mission, with operations technological a primarily is MOM 2014. September on 24, Mars around orbit in placed successfully was orbit, parking earth elliptical an into PSLV-C25Sriharikota SDSC,by was launched from which 2013 November spacecraft, 05, on The around planet. orbit an that in it placing by planet the explore to as well as Mars to spacecraft unmanned an navigating and launching building, for technologies the demonstrate envisagedto primarily MOM – – – – as xshrc eta Cmoiin Analyser. Composition Neutral Exospheric Mars and Photometer, Alpha Lyman Mars, for Sensor Methane Spectrometer, Imaging infrared Thermal te omril r o te eatet f pc, s aktn te nin space Indian the marketing is Space, of Department the of arm commercial the , ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 75 Notes • • • • Predictions Cyclone and Weather Improved • • • • • Research Climate and Atmospheric • • • • salse a Tiuaataua i 2007. was university, in deemed a Thiruvananthapuram (IIST), at Technology and established Science Space of Institute Indian the Space Programme, Indian the of demands growing the meet to and resources human in building Towardscapacity Technology and Science Space of Institute Indian 76 at Sciences Earth ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India h ls o lvs uig h ls tre er de o rpcl ylns a rdcd o es than less to reduced has cyclones tropical decade. to previous due the during years thousands the three to last compared as the hundred during lives of loss The lives. of savethousands to advance, helping in days three almost provided were predictions accurate neighbourhood, and Chennai Forcyclonethe Vardah, severecaused had of which city the damagesin Chennai. in recently and Kashmir and Jammu Uttarakhand, in events rainfall heavy the Vardahand and Hudhud Phailin, as such cyclones years. tropical and three rainfall heavy past of skills prediction the in achievedSpecifically,wereimprovements noticeable during improvements appreciable shown has services weather of quality The Department. Meteorological May) India to the (April season by weather issued hot were waves the heat during scales including time different on forecasts time, first the For for implemented been have forecasts. seasonal systems and model range dynamical extended operational Mission, Monsoon the Under models. numerical in the satellites from data International and of ingestion Indian the for assimilation data in made been have improvements major Many models. prediction weather resolution high using in USA as km. capability same the attained has this,WithMoES 12 of resolution horizontal a at generating forecasts for commissioned weather was operational model prediction weather deterministic global resolution high A for governments disasters. state natural to and due agencies damages different minimizing and by lives used human saving effectively being are provided services The disasters. natural various for warnings and forecasts include services The earth the relating aspects seismological and the hydrological state, services. all coastal ocean, addresses climate, weather, providing holistically for (MoES) science system Sciences Earth of Ministry The 5. 4. 3. 2. viz: system, earth the of components 1. five the all with deals sciences system Earth ishr ad hi cmlx interaction. complex their and Biosphere and Lithosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, www.iasscore.in Notes • • • Incubators and Parks Biotechnology • (SAGE) Research Geo-science and Seismology • (PACER) Research Cryosphere and Polar • • Forecasts State Ocean • • Waves Cold and Heat for Forecasts • • Services Advisory Agro-Meterological Biotechnology Observations and Technology Services: Ocean h Mnsr i claoain ih h Ida Cucl f giutrl eerh IA) provides (ICAR) Research Agricultural of Council Indian the with collaboration in Ministry The h cuty o aiiae itc pout eeomn, nrpeerhp rsac ad innovation. and research entrepreneurship, development, product biotech of parts facilitate different to in country incubators organisations/ the and parks government biotechnology state established governments/ has organisations state government with partnership in Department The biotechnology. of development commercial accelerated for provided are studies plant pilot and the setting through up achieved the be biotechnology to parks,is products where commercial facilities new for of technology development incubation, technologywhich by demonstration means the of One into research translate to services. helps and and research products biotech promotes Biotechnology of Department The website. the posted on also and region the in operations rescue and and relief with state dealing agencies,concerned government central all to transmitted smoothly.were functioning events earthquake been significant has to observatories pertaining Information 82 of consisting network seismological national The Pradesh. Himachal Spiti in region remote a altitude at high m) called a (>4000 ft established Himalaya above13,500 Goa in (NCAOR), Research station Ocean research and Antarctic for Centre National Region. Afro-Asian for map in temperature Regional and Early Multi-Hazard Warning Integrated System (RIMES) of served undertheumbrella form currents waves, Sri winds, namely viz., Countries, parameters, Rim various Ocean on Seychelles Indian and other Lanka two to extended were services forecast ocean The folk, years. fisher three to last the etc.) during temperature, considerably surface sea currents, waves, shipping industry, of oil and natural gas industry, navy, (forecasts coast guard and other stakeholders have improved forecasts state Ocean lives. their saving thus and waves heat of occurrence the about advance in people warn to them help could which season, weather hot the during forecasts these on based plans action state have initiated Odisha and Maharashtra Pradesh, Andhra Gujarat, like governments state country.few A the over waves heat for forecasts first issuing the for started MoES hazards, time health associated and waves heat about warnings adequate provide To disasters. weather from crops of protection and harvest application pesticide, irrigation, and sowing, like fertilizer operations the of planning for services these farmers. of of use make benefit Farmers the for (AAS) Services Advisory Agromet the HIMANSH ltrly enn, sie f c) situated ice), of slice a meaning, (literally ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in central 77 Notes • • Vision • • (BIRAC) Council Assistance Research Industry Biotechnology 78 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India p & Ms hne ou i o riig hi capabilities. their raising on is focus hence & SMEs start- & biotech be ups would economy bio Indian the Indian building billion for change 100 US$ of a agents economy. The building bio in role catalytic and transformative a play to is aim BIRAC’s society”. of section largest the of needs the addressing products affordable of creation for SME’s, and start-ups particularly industry, biotech Indian the of capabilities innovation and research strategic the enhance and “Tofoster Stimulate, competitive. globally them make and firms biotech bring help that schemes handholding and management IP transfer, range wide a of through mandate its implements and interface industry-academia new a is BIRAC (DBT Biotechnology needs. of product development relevant nationally addressing Biotech innovation, Department and emerging research the by strategic empower undertake and to up strengthen enterprise to set Agency Interface an as Enterprise, India of Government Sector Public B, Schedule (BIRAC Council Assistance Research Industry Biotechnology mat initiatives, impact b i poiig ces o ik aia truh agtd udn, technology funding, targeted through capital risk to access providing it be i a o-o-rft Scin 8, Section not-for-profit, a is ) innovation excellence innovation www.iasscore.in t the to ), Chapter

Notes • • • • transport. of modes Road various of of Ministry development the the and Shipping for of Ministry in The both system. years the the of Transport and Highways policies and programmes are responsible and forthe formation implementation over of output growth in showed and sector network Transport of etc. spread transport of air consists system shipping, transport coastal Our country. road, rail, of growth economic sustainable in role vital plays Transport ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India Railways iv. iii ii. the of development i. social and industrial economic, the of in length role route vital country. a a over spread played stations has 7,216 It km. of 66,687 network vast a then into From kms. grown 34 have Railwaysof distance of Indian a Thane, to development Mumbai between ran the 1853, in accelerating train engine steam in First helped and country the of agriculture. life and industry economic the bound has It passengers. education. and business,pilgrimage and of conduct the possible makes and freight public of for transport provides It transportation of mode principal the provide India in Railways The . 9 et p rm s 1310 rr i 21-5 o s 16905 coe n 2015-16. in crore 106,940.55 Rs. to 2014-15 in crore 103,100 Rs. from up went of Traffic: Railways. Freight of Ministry Ministry the the grants, for for grant Government. demands for demand sixteen the one of introduced of Finance scheme position erstwhile and the financial railways highways, of the between Instead planning of waterways. to transport picture multimodal Railways facilitate the holistic would of merger a affairs This the present bring and will stage budget unified centre The 2017-18. from Budget the with general Budget Railway the merge to decided Government The separately. Parliament the by passed and considered be to used also which grants, for demands 16 own its Railwayshad The Finance: Railway against resistance life. frame pad higher rubber achieve higher bucking, to RT-8527 wider sleeper of design concrete new pre-stressed a heavier developed has and RDSO Railways. Indian of wing R&D the is Lucknow Development: and Research otiue 58 pr et o h ttl anns Te eann 9.8 e cn cm from came cent per 94.18 remaining The earnings. total passengers. the non-suburban to cent per 5.82 contributed Business: Passenger n 051, ,1 mlin ons f rih tasotd Te rih earnings freight The transported. freight of tonnes million 1,110 2015-16, In ala Bde ws en peetd eaaey o alaet ic 1924. since Parliament to separately presented being was Budget Railway asne erig i 21-6 a R. 4232 coe Sbra traffic Suburban crore. 44,283.26 Rs. was 2015-16 in earnings Passenger h Rsac Dsg ad tnad Ognzto (DO at (RDSO) Organization Standards and Design Research The TRANSPOR ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in T 79 Notes ihas epesas sae ihas mjr itit od, te dsrc ras n vlae od with roads village distribution: and length roads following district other roads, district major highways, state expressways,highways, Collection) automotive and issues, environmental Rates transport, etc. road of to norms relating policies (Determination broad Fee of Highways formulation 2008, Rules, National 1989, and Rules Vehicles Act,1956 Motor Central Highways and 1988 National Act, Vehicles Motor of national administration of (NHs), maintenance highwaysand construction encompasses Highways and Transport Road of Ministry The Divisions their and Headquarters Zones, Railway Indian Major er Railway Metro Railway Central West Western Railway Western South Railway Central East South Eastern South Central South Southern Western North Frontier Northeast Eastern North Central North Northern Central East Coast East Eastern Central Railways Zonal 80 Total Roads Other Highways State Highways/Expressway National Roads ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ni i hvn oe f h lret od ewrs f vr 47 lk km lakh 54.72 over of networks road largest the of one having is India 47,6 km 54,72,464 52,07,044km km 1,61,487 km 1,03,933 Kolkata Jabalpur Mumbai Hubli Bilaspur Kolkata Secunderabad Chennai Jaipur (Guwahati) Maligaon Gorakhpur Allahabad Delhi New Hajipur Bhubaneshwar Kolkata Mumbai Headquarters I cmrss national comprises It . www.iasscore.in Notes ii. i. tt gvrmns n ws e-p n h ya 18 wt te betv o fliln te og et need felt period. long service the the during and level fulfilling entry the of at both country, objective the in Engineers highway the with of training for 1983 year the in set-up was and and governments central both state of body collaborative a is It Ministry. the of control administrative the under society Engineers: Highway of Academy countries. Indian neighbouring with boundaries international share which country the of national parts of in construction/up-grading/widening of highways task the out carries exclusively that Ministry the of Highways. Corporation: National Development Infrastructure & of Highways National management and maintenance development, for responsible is It 1995. in India: of Authority Highways National • Highways: National of Maintenance and Development • • • • • ih est tafc corridors. in traffic up density coming high are expressways class World accessible. easily more areas remote make and terrains difficult in distances shorten to up coming are Kashmir load and Jammu in Chenani-Nashri traffic like tunnels the of cent per 40 Major Initiatives: Major npcin n criiain ete ad od aey n pluin etn eupet and equipment testing pollution and Resource safety Human road and and implementation. programme centres Sector of certification up Unorganized and setting (NHARSS), in inspection Scheme Service Drivers Relief Accident Highways of National Development, Training Refresher Training, Driving for Institutes up Setting for safety,Scheme road on campaign awareness and measures publicity include Ministry the by operated safety road on schemes important The accidents. road Safety: Road Express-ways. field Green and corridors roads, national connectivity routes, port and feeder coastal and improvements, corridor efficiency inter development, corridors economic roads, connectivity International and Border of development like initiatives new the on focus also and under bridges/ Bharatmala over railway building by 2019, by crossings passes. level railway for of free (NHIIP) highways Projects Bharatam lane. Improvement Setu 2 Extremism to Highways Wing National Left of Interconnectivity stretches in various upgrading Highways Connectivity and NE rehabilitating Road the National in of places and Improvement remote an (LWE), and capitals, headquarters state district to of region connectivity improving at (SARDP-NE) aims Region East that North the for Programme Development Road Accelerated Special being (NHIDCL). mainly Ltd. and Highways is Corporation National Development NHDP and Infrastructure (NHAI) The India 2000. of Authority since Highways country National by the implemented in undertaken ever Project Highways largest the (NHDP), Project Development Highways National implementing is Government The lcrnc ol olcin ae o psie ai Feuny dniiain (RFID). Identification Frequency Radio nationwide passive a on implemented based has Collection Government Toll the Electronic toll, of collection hassle-free and vehicles of e-tolling: n re t rmv tafc ote ek t ol lzs n esr sals movement seamless ensure and plazas toll at neck bottle traffic remove to order In is an upcoming umbrella programme that will subsume unfinished parts of NHDP of parts unfinished subsume will that programme umbrella upcoming an is h oenet a prvd Ntoa od aey oiys a o minimize to as so Policy Safety Road National a approved has Government The s nte porme ht is o nue od aey y aig l national all making by safety road ensure to aims that programme another is ainl ihascnttt js w prcn o te onr’ od ewr u carry but network road country’s the of cent per two just constitute highways National Svrl rde lk te hl-ai i Asm n state-of-the-art and Assam in Dhola-Sadia the like bridges Several . The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was set up set was (NHAI) India of Authority Highways National The Indian Academy of Highway Engineers (IAHE) is a registered a is (IAHE) Engineers Highway of Academy Indian The NHIDCL is a fully owned company owned fully a is NHIDCL The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 81 Notes IV. iii. ii. i. fold water inland its and ports within major transport. repair, encompasses ship Shipping and shipbuilding of include also Ministry which sectors The port 2009. and shipping in formed was Shipping of Ministry The iii. h rsetv mrtm sae oenet n fl i Cnurn List. Concurrent of in jurisdiction fall under and are government ones major state in the maritime fall than respective and other the Ports Government Constitution. Central the of of Schedule control 7th List administrative Union direct the under are ports major The coast. west the on are Kandla) (erstwhile Deendayal and V.O. Mumbai) Navi (Sheva, and Port JawaharlalNehru Mumbai, Chennai (Ennore), Kamarajar Visakhapatnam, Paradip, Kolkata, Chidamananar are on the east coast and the ports other major ports viz., Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, major 6 7517 about The is which km. Coastline India’s along ports non-major 200 about and ports major 12 are There Ports Major 82 Shipping ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Ship Building: Building: Ship Programme: Sagarmala Development: Maritime n coe 20. hs oiy hc poie sibidn sbiy ae bot o h Indian the to boost a gave subsidy shipbuilding provided which Industry. policy shipbuilding shipyards This Indian all 2002. to extended October was scheme in the The 1971. by since targeted Shipyards Shipbuilding PSU were Indian Central promote which for to segments industry existence in prime was two scheme subsidy the shipbuilding are A shipyards. Guard Indian Coast Indian the for vessels continued the and Navy has Indian of industry plans expansion shipbuilding fleet vessels.The inland Indian and coastal defence, The on sector. concentrate to private the in especially yards, of number ambitious the on embarked has India of Government the routes, trade maritime international key on location strategic transport. maritime through moved 200 about ports. and ports non-major major 12 are There Islands. the along also and mainland the of shelves eastern The consolidated data in state and National Registry act as the base for a large number of online services. of number information large a and for applications base the citizen-centric as act Registry National and state in data consolidated The Project. Mode Mission Transport under achieved been has country the application across all Offices license) Transport driving (for under Sarathi created and Registry National registration) the vehicle in available are country the across records license hp eyln yr i te world. the in yard recycling ship at mainly out carried is Ship Recycling: Recycling: Ship Records: License and Vehicle of Registry National f h Gen ihas Patto, rnpatto, euiiain n Mitnne Policy Maintenance) and 2016. Beautification Transplantation, (Plantation, part as Highways launched Green was crore the 300 Rs. about of of cost a at highways national of km plantation 1,500 initial on The drive sector. private and NGOs farmers, community, of participation the with Project: Highways Green National lbl eeso i te hpulig nuty a afce te iaca psto o a of position financial the affected has industry shipbuilding the in recession Global India has 25-30 per cent share in the global ship recycling industry. Ship recycling Ship industry. recycling ship global the in share cent per 25-30 has India prxmtl 9 pr et f h cutys rd b vlm ad 8 e cn b vle is value by cent per 68 and volume by trade country’s the of cent per 95 Approximately aaml Porme o rmt pr-e dvlpet n h country the in development port-led promote to Programme Sagarmala o ans te osln, 450k o ptnily aial wtras and waterways navigable potentially of km 14,500 coastline, the harness To ni hs ln catie f bu 757 m sra o te etr and western the on spread km, 7,517 about of coastline long a has India Alang-Sosiya in Gujarat. Gujarat. in Alang-Sosiya h Plc am t dvlp c-redy ainl Highways National eco-friendly develop to aims Policy The tre i Fbur, 93 AagSsy i te largest the is Alang-Sosiya 1983, February, in Started Almost 20 crore vehicle records and 10 crore 10 and records vehicle crore 20 Almost 10 e cn atmto o Regional of automation cent per 100 . www.iasscore.in . aa (for Vahan Notes aewy’ ne te ainl aewy At 2016. Act, Waterways National navigation. the under and Waterways’ shipping for waterways inland of regulation developmentand the for 1986, (IWAI)in India constituted was Waterways Inland of Authority through transport cargo However, networks. water presently is, inland waterways and inland navigable these longest the of one has India iity f hpig a cmisoe i 20, rmrl a a ol ot eiae t handling to dedicated port (TNEB). Board coal Electricity a Nadu as Tamil primarily of 2001, requirements coal in thermal commissioned was Shipping of Ministry (Ennore): Limited Port Kamarajar 1933. in Port: Visakhapatnam major a as development port. its for Kandla over took Government Union and project government central (Kandla): Port Deendayal mass land large the and east south west. the the on on Lanka Sri India with of Mannar, of Gulf the in located 78°13’E. 80°45 latitude at India of coast eastern south the on routes sea international east-west (Tuticorin): Port V.O. Chidambarnar mole. a by also and breakwater harbour natural a a is It by cargo. protected of variety wide a handling of capable infrastructure modern has It port. facilities. navigation Port: clock the Mormugao round with basin boat a and dock wet a with harbour Port: Chennai cargo. bulk break and bulk liquid Port: port. handling Mumbai container international world-class a becoming by way long a come has Port Port: India. Nehru Jawaharlal South-West the to gateway of natural markets a produce is It agricultural trade. and Ocean East-West industrial the vast at the and of India cross-roads the of Coast at South-West position the on commanding located a strategically is Port Bristow. Cochin Robert Sir of MTPA. 87.63 Port of Cochin capacity total a with mooring point single one and berths 16 has port The 1975. in Port: Mangalore New declared India. India independent in of in port major Government commissioned first the coast The it making east 1966 1965. the country the in port major government eighth the state as (PPT) Trust the Port Paradip from port the of management Port: Paradip years. 138 about Port: Kolkata Inland Inland Water Transport Te oen ot f ohn a dvlpd uig h pro 12-90 ih efforts with 1920-1940 period the during developed was Cochin of port modern The : okt Pr i the is Port Kolkata Chennai Port is an all weather artificial harbour with one outer harbour and one inner one and harbour outer one with harbour artificial weather all an is Port Chennai ubi ot s fly nertd ut-ups pr hnln cnanr dy bulk, dry container, handling port multi-purpose integrated fully a is Port Mumbai aai Pr i oe f h mjr ot i Ida Gvrmn o Ida ok vr the over took India of Government India. in ports major the of one is Port Paradip omgo ot stae o te et os o Ida i mr ta a etr old century a than more is India, of coast west the on situated Port, Mormugao Port of Visakhapatnam, a natural harbour, was opened to commercial shipping commercial to opened was harbour, natural a Visakhapatnam, of Port New Mangalore Port was declared as the ninth major port in 1974 inaugurated 1974 in port major ninth the as declared was Port Mangalore New Constructed in the mid 1980’s and commissioned in 1989, JawaharlalNehru 1989, in commissioned and 1980’s mid the in Constructed enaa Pr (rthl Knl Pr) a etbihd n 90 s a as 1950 in established was Port) Kandla (erstwhile Port Deendayal ny ieie ao port major riverine only es hn per 1 than less aaaa Pr Lmtd KL, h 1t mjr ot ne the under port major 12th the (KPL), Limited Port Kamarajar .. hdmaaa Pr i lctd taeial coe o the to close strategically located is Port V.O. Chidambaranar et f h ttl ag mvmn i te country. the in movement cargo total the of cent 1 iln wtras ae en elrd s ‘National as declared been have waterways inland 111 n h cuty aig en n xsec for existence in been having country the in ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in ’ N and longitude and N 83 Notes iii. ii. Parliament. the i. with interface their provides also and activities their and evaluates monitors guidelines, policy of implementation the in organisation the to guidance provides the Ministry for responsible is country. pertaining the It legislations in other country. various sector the aviation and 1937 the in Rules, to Aircraft sector 1934, aviation Act, Aircraft civil the the of for administration programmes of and policies regulation national and of development formulation for the responsible is Aviation Civil of Ministry The • • • • 84 ii Aviation Civil ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ih hm n i taee hs o neat uig h ar travel. air the during interact sector to aviation has traveler in air stakeholders an various whom integrated with has initiative airport Sewa grievance Air information, FAQS. for status/schedule and flight mechanism Information handling a grievance includes for It operations experience. back-office travel redressal, air hassle-free and convenient a people Sewa: Air airports. and the strips a of air for existing airports operation of underserved in revival and un-served through be to country will connectivity providing which envisages Scheme, years, 10 The masses. of for period affordable flying making and growth regional balanced promoting of objective twin the with 2016 (NCAP) PolicyAviation Civil National Scheme: Connectivity Regional development. skill and manufacturing aerospace aviation, and cargo, covering general MRO, manner procedures harmonized a simplified in chain deregulation, sector aviation entire through the affordable promote business and it e-governance doing making by of masses the ease to enhance flying convenient, take and to aims to Policy lead The and growth. employment regional increase balanced tourism, a promote would turn, in which sector, aviation civil the 2016: Policy, Aviation Civil National okt bcm a eta Pbi Sco udraig n 1984. in undertaking Sector Public Central a became Kolkata Ltd.: Engineers Port and Dock Hooghly the Navy. Indian of repairs of dock carriers dry aircraft undertaken regularly has which yardships only repair the and is DWT DWT. It 1,10,000 1,25,000 upto upto ships build can which country the in shipyards largest the Limited: Shipyard Cochin two the vessels. between 70 of operations fleet a of owning Shipping Line, premier efficiencies country’s the be and to continues SCI decades, economy five for through Sailing greater companies. policies, better of envisaged amalgamation The co-ordination 1961. Order Corporation Amalgamation Shipping Western Corporation and Shipping Corporation through Shipping Eastern of amalgamation by 1961 in Limited: India of Corporation Shipping etc. functioning effective and their for education offices subordinate maritime other of supervision of certification, and promotion examination training, organizations, maritime international the of regulations mandatory other and pollution of of safety,prevention implementation to relating legislation, conventions and international various policy shipping to relating matters all on 1958 Act, Shipping Merchant Indian the administering for 1949 in established was Shipping, of Ministry the of Mumbai: office Shipping, of General Director i Sw i a iiitv o te iity f ii Aito luce i 21 t offer to 2016 in launched Aviation Civil of Ministry the of initiative an is Sewa Air Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), located in Kochi in Kerala is one of one is Kerala in Kochi in located (CSL), Limited Shipyard Cochin h Rgoa Cnetvt Shm (C)UA ws niae in envisaged was (RCS)-UDAN Scheme Connectivity Regional The t is t raig n csse ta wl ps te rwh of growth the push will that ecosystem an creating at aims It Hooghly Dock and Port Engineers Limited (HDPEL), Limited Engineers Port and Dock Hooghly h Sipn oprto o Ida SI a formed was (SCI) India of Corporation Shipping The h Drcoae eea o Sipn, n attached an Shipping, of General Directorate The www.iasscore.in Notes xi. x. ix. viii. vii. vi. v. iv. and non scheduled air transport services, FDI in scheduled airlines upto 49 per cent permitted under permitted cent per 49 upto airlines scheduled in FDI services, transport air scheduled non and Liberalization: FDI ilm, ere n ps gaut dges n h fed f ii aviation. civil of field the in degrees awards graduate university post The and India. within degree the industry diploma, aviation as the enhance envisaged to research been and has training critical University The and edge cutting providing Pradesh. at aimed milieu aviation the within learning higher Uttar for institution premier Amethi, at situated Dist. is It Raebareli, 2013. Act, UniversityFursatganj, Aviation National Gandhi Rajiv university the The by Aviation. established Civil been of has Ministry of control administrative the under University Central a the in University: country. improvement Aviation the National quantum Gandhi in Rajiv pilots a commercial about of bring training ground to and Pradesh) flying (Uttar of standards Raebareli Fursatganj, at up set Akademi: platforms. Uran off-shore Rashtriya Gandhi Bombay Indira in situated vital rigs and men drilling its to carrying clock for the ONGC round of supplies operation has Hans offshore Pawan for operators. support helicopter helicopter largest Asia’s providing been of one as emerged has Hans Pawan tourism. and travel of promotion for flights availablecharter make and areas inaccessible and hilly in operate exploration, offshore sector services theoil in support to helicopter objective is providing Act. Primary Companies the under company government a as Limited’) India of Corporation ‘Helicopter of name Limited: Hans Pawan India: Air their ensuring and flights civil of audits. respect security and in inspections regular measures pre- through for compliance anti-sabotage standards the and down laying for security responsible is embarkation and country the in Aviation security Civil aviation in civil for personnel train and regulator the is BCAS 1987. inspect in Department monitor, independent an into coordinate, reorganized was It matters. to Security 1978, in DGCA the in cell Aviation: Civil of standards. Bureau airworthiness and safety air regulations, air civil of for enforcement and India to/from/within services transport air of regulation for responsible primarily is DGCA Aviation). (Civil General Director by headed is and Aviation Civil of Ministry the of Aviation: office attached Civil of General Directorate route. automatic under allowed he to continue will FDI cent per 100 NRIs,For approval. Government through cent per 49 beyond FDI and route automatic egr te e ett i kon s Ar ni” n te pone dt o te egr s April mascot. 1 is its merger as the retained of is date “Maharaja” appointed the The and 2007. India” “Air as known is entity new the merger, post Consequently incorporated. was (NACIL) Limited India of Company Aviation National viz., ISRO. is it and and AAI Aviation Civil by in jointly requirements implemented approach precision being meet to signals GPS of integrity and (GAGAN):NavigationAugmented Geo Aided GPS Consequent upon merger of erstwhile Air India Ltd. and Indian Airlines, a new company new a Airlines, Indian and Ltd. India Air erstwhile of merger upon Consequent Government of India has raised the FDI limit for 49 to 100 per cent in scheduled in cent per 100 to 49 for limit FDI the raised has India of Government aa Hn Lmtd PL ws noprtd n coe, 95 udr the (under 1985 October, in incorporated was (PHL) Limited Hans Pawan h Bra o Cvl vain euiy BA) a iiily e u a a as up set initially was (BCAS) Security Aviation Civil of Bureau The h Drcoae eea o Cvl vain DC) s an is (DGCA) Aviation Civil of General Directorate The The Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRUA)was Akademi Uran Rashtriya Gandhi Indira The Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University (RGNAU)is University Aviation National Gandhi Rajiv is an augmentation system to enhance the accuracy the enhance to system augmentation an is ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 85 Chapter

Notes • • • • • area countries. neighbouring and command India to management, awards water riverscommon to of relating matters and assistance bilateral/external assessment,Tribunals, implementation quality water rivers,of ground inter-state of development and irrigation, regulation rejuvenation), tributaries (including minor rejuvenation its Ganga and and development river and safety medium dam management, flood major, development, of guidance respect and planning formulation, in policy assistance disputes, water external inter-state of of resolution facilitation the projects,in assistance specific and to assistance central providing projects, of techno-economic appraisal and examination technical guidelines, policy country. coordination, planning, the sectoral covers It of resources water the of regulation and development and for policies down programmes lays Rejuvenation Ganga and Development River Resources, Water of Ministry The ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India 86 NATIONALWATER MISSION NATIONALWATER POLICY ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India 3. 2. are: 2012 Policy 1. Water National of recommendations water important manage the better of and Some develop conserve, to country. adopted the was in resources 2012 Policy, Water National The 5. 4. 3 2. 1. are: mission the of goals identified five The management”. and water integrated development through states resources within and across wastage both minimizing distribution water, equitable more of its “conservation ensuring and is Mission Water National the of objective main NAPCC. The under missions the of one is Mission Water National 10 vlig sse o bnhak fr ae ue fr ifrn proe t esr efcet use efficient ensure to purposes water. different for of uses water for valleys. benchmarks of river system and a Evolving rivers inter-state of development optimum for legislation Comprehensive law. framework water national a for need the on Emphasis management. resources water integrated level basin of Promotion and cent, per 20 by efficiency use water Increasing areas; over-exploited including areas vulnerable to attention preservation; Focused and augmentation conservation, water for action state and citizen of Promotion change climate resource; of water impact on of assessment and domain public in database water Comprehensive W A E RESOURCES TER www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • • • • COUNCIL RESOURCES WATER NATIONAL NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN GANGA CLEAN NATIONAL FOR MISSION NATIONALWATEROF FORUM RESOURCES NATIONALWATERBOARD 5. 4. Nmm Gne porme nerts h efrs o la ad rtc te ie Gna n a years. in 5 next Ganga for river crores the 20,000 Rs. protect of and outlay clean budget to a with efforts manner the comprehensive integrates programme Gange” “Namami years. two only of tenure have constitution would initial the who from members six for except years four of tenure have shall member territories a Thus, states/union would from members ministers its the country. of by the half replaced in that regions be similar provision would from and the years with two members every twelve after of retire forum permanent a is It 2. by constituted reference: was of States terms of following 1. the Ministers with 2012 Irrigation in and Resources Water Resources of Water Ministry of Forum National A Council Resources Water time. National the to to time progress the from report to and Policy Water National the of implementation in achieved progress the review to 1990 in constituted was Board Water National A 4. 3. 2. 1. on: emphasis lays also Policy The ag Rejuvenation. Ganga Members. its are Governors/ Territories Lieutenant Union & States the all of of Administrators Ministers Chief and State,concerned Resources,Water for of State Ministers/Ministers Union of Minister Union The Council. the of Vice-Chairman the ertr o te oni - ertr, iity f ae Rsucs Rvr eeomn and Development River Resources, Water of Ministry Secretary, - Council the of Secretary is Rejuvenation Ganga and Development River Resources, Water of Minister Union - Members Minister. Prime The - 1983. Chairman March in up it set India of Government The o rvd aporae ltom o saig f da ad aiiaig upr t nw and and/or new central to the by support proposed governance facilitating governments. water and better state ideas for initiatives of and sharing ideas for innovative platform appropriate provide To and level; national and the time to at time consensus from evolving sector towards resources water attempt the in needed reforms various on deliberate To a areas. in over-exploited in levels infrastructure water ground and declining Arresting bodies water and participation; corridors, community through river manner rivers, planned scientifically of conservation Undertaking evaporation- operation, etc; irrigation reduction, with automated transpiration pattern irrigation, cropping micro aligning endowments, like resource methods natural through irrigation in saving services; water and Incentivizing projects resources water of management in participation Community water. of reuse and recycle and Incentivizing state; each in Authority Regulatory Water of up Setting ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 87 Notes d) c) b) a) of objectives The include: etc. practices, scheme conservation the water to sustainable introduce aim efficiency, improve use an irrigation, water assured with under farm area on cultivable launched expand was and farm on (PMKSY) water Yojana of access Sinchayee physical enhance Krishi Mantri Pradhan 2015-16, During • • • • • • • • • 88 ACCELERATED IRRIGATIONPROGRAMME BENEFIT ABHIYAN KRANTI JAL PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAYEE YOJANASINCHAYEE KRISHI MANTRI PRADHAN ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India activities/projects and plans to provide for operation and maintenance of the assets for a minimum a for assets the variousof maintenance of and operation funding for cent provide per to 100 plans over and take activities/projects to decided has Centre the progress, up speed to order In nac rcag o aufr ad nrdc ssanbe ae cnevto practices. conservation water sustainable introduce and aquifers of recharge Enhance per crop (more technologies saving water other drop). and precision-irrigation of adoption the Enhance Pani). Ko Khet (Har irrigation assured under area cultivable expand and farm the on water of access physical the Enhance plans). use water level district sub and, level required, district if of (preparation level field the at irrigation in investments of convergenceAchieve projects. completed the through created was ha lakh enclosed. 24.39 were of projects potential 5 irrigation and An completed been have projects 143 this of under Out funding for included been have projects AIBP. irrigation/multi-purpose 297 inception, its in Since were or states accelerate the to of completion. capability objective of resource the stage beyond with advanced were country, which the projects such in of projects implementation irrigation major/medium to central provide assistance to 1996-97 in launched was (AIBP) Programme Benefits Irrigation Accelerated The 3. 2. 1. include: Abhiyan Kranti Jal of movement. objectives mass The a it making stakeholders, all involving approach holistic a through Kranti country the in Jal management and celebrated conservation water Rejuvenationconsolidate to 2015-16 Ganga year the during and Abhiyan Development River Resources, Water of Ministry Task Ganga a establish Unit. to Army plans Territorial also a Centre Force,the pollution, of enforcement bolster hotspots. to pollution attempt an controlling In for adopted be to proposed being is approach APPP/SPV period. 10-year nacn lvlho scrt truh ae scrt i rrl areas. rural in security water through security livelihood Enhancing management. its and conservation resources water in knowledge traditional of adoption/utilization the Encouraging Irrigation Participatory (e.g. schemes (PIM). development Management and security water the in bodies Institutions local Raj Panchayatiand including stakeholders all of involvement root grass Strengthening www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • f) e) • • • Plan Management and Mapping Aquifer CENTRAL GROUND WATERGROUND CENTRAL BOARD COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT amr ad rs ro lvl il functionaries. field level root grass and farmers for alignment crop and management water harvesting, water to relating activities extension Promote elto, e-ae iges gon wtr otmnto, ojntv ue f ufc ad ground and surface of etc. balance, use water water conjunctive ground water, as contamination, such water water ground ground ingress, of aspects sea-water various depletion, on studies special up etc. takes country, also the Board The of resources water wells, ground observation of water assessment ground periodic augmentation, of network a through quality recharge for harvesting rainwater and recharge artificial schemesfor demonstrative waterof implementation and levels water ground of monitoring and drilling, water,exploratory ground efficiency of management include Board the ecological of activities Major and India’s economic of of principles on management based and equity”. distribution development and pollution sustainable from scientific and scientific multi-disciplinary the a implement groundwater resources including their exploration, assessment, and conservation, for augmentation, is protection monitor technologies, policies Ministry disseminate and the national “develop to: under mandate a (CGWB), with Board organization Water Ground Central level. national and the at coordinate Programme Development Ministry Area Command the the of of implementation the wing monitor Management Water and under Development 2015-16. Area Water from implemented Command - and The Pani being Ko is Khet Development Har - programme Area (PMKSY) Yojana The Sinchai Command Krishi 2004. Mantri as in Pradhan renamed Programme and (CAD&WM) Management restructured was programme Authority. Development The Area Command a under team multi-disciplinary with manner coordinated a in agriculture irrigated to relating activities all of envisagesintegration programme The farmers. of of condition unit socio-economic per crops improving of for in productivity water and and launched production with land and field was efficiency farmers’ use to water up programme enhance water to irrigation objective (CAD) of an system delivery Development adequate of Area development for Command 1974-75 Sponsored Centrally The irrigation. precision in investments private greater Attract dniiain dlnain caatrzto ad fetv mngmn o aufr t ensure to aquifers of management resources. effective water and ground of sustainability characterization delineation, identification, u a pr eal rtcl fr implementation. for protocols detail per as carried being out are which tasks and sub-activities aquifer of number a of has formulation activity and Each plans. map management aquifer of preparation for data additional of generation analysis, water ground for also level project grassroots levels. The at local plans. at stakeholders management management involving aquifer approach of participatory formulation a (iii) including envisages and aquifers water water; of as ground characterization well of detailed as (ii) quality units areas); assessment problem/vulnerable of other categories and quality semi-critical and critical (over-exploited, areas h mjr ciiis niae udr h poet nld cmiain f xsig aa dt gap data data, existing of compilation include project the under envisaged activities major The priority in scale 1:50,000 on facilitate 3D in aquifers to of delineation (i) : are (NAQUIM) project the of objectives Major Management Aquifer on Project National the up took CGWB ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 89 Notes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CWC of Functions 90 CENTRAL WATER CENTRAL COMMISSION WATERGROUND CENTRAL AUTHORITY ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India cuiie i CC rm h ve pit f yrlg, ii dsg, ne-tt ise ad cost and issues inter-state design, civil hydrology, components. of civil point of view aspects the from CWC in scrutinised also are (CEA) Authority Besides private Electricity Central boards/ by Governments. clearance electricity techno-economic for State corporations/ organisations sector power by state proposed by proposed projects projects hydro-power multipurpose the these, and control flood snow irrigation, including of parameters appraisal techno-economic is Water Commission Central meteorological to assigned activities important the of One selected (v) as stations. well key as at silt observations (iv) discharge, (ii) quality, (gauge), level water water (i) observe: (iii) to basins river major all on country the throughout stations observation hydro-meteorological 954 of network a operating is WaterCommission Central 2010. in (India-WRIS) System Information Resources Water developed jointly ISRO and CWC of appraisal technical the in or consultancy design projects. the of way by water countries mega African and the Lanka of Sri majority of design with resources associated projects Indiain and activelyneighbouring countries viz., Nepal, is Bhutan, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Commission Water onwards. Central 2011 of season monsoon the on from basins River basis Indian monthly of Region Himalayan the in bodies Governments. lakes/water glacial State monitoring is by CWC proposed projects multipurpose and control flood irrigation, of appraisal techno-economic is WaterCommission Central to assigned activities important the of One India. major of the all basins covering locations river key 396 at quality water monitoring (RM). is Commission wing Water Central Management River and (WP&P) wing Projects and wing Planning Research Water and Designs (D&R), namely, wings 3 among divided is (CWC) Commission Water Central ground state the with jointly resources water ground departments. of water assessment periodic out carries 162. CGWB and are country regulating the in of areas notified Total responsibility purpose. the the for with entrusted been has controlling ground water development and management in the country and issuing Authority necessary directives Water Ground Central country. the in industries/projects by abstraction CGWA. by issued groundwater NoC for Water Ground Central has of also revised Authority framed forgrant guidelines guidelines per as areas water notified ground in of extraction purposes for drinking/domestic permission for of grant for requests process to advised been have They areas. of notified extraction in for uses permission drinking/domestic of for grant water for ground officers authorized as appointed were districts revenue of CGWA, commissioners magistrates/deputy district of function regulatory the streamlining country. of part As the in development and management water ground of control of 3 Section under (CGWA)of (3) Authority Water Sub-section Ground Central as constituted was Board Water Ground Central the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Act, (Protection) Environment the in 1997 for regulation and regulation for 1997 in www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • • • • • NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Commission Control Flood Ganga tre ir ytm f oioig t ete sae n poet ee ws nrdcd n 1975. in introduced was level ensure to is project monitoring and of objective state main The CWC. centre, to entrusted at was work this monitoring level, central At of system tier three A 3. 2. 1. objectives: main also. following component the Himalayan with the functions in Agency of Subsequently The studies grant-in-aid. the through up take India to of resolved Government Society NWDA the 1990-91, by funded fully peninsular is NWDA under The links the of feasibility Plan. Perspective the National study to of component 1860 Act, Registration Societies the under society registered a as 1982 in established was (NWDA) Agency DevelopmentWater National The state by funded schemes management flood important management and flood Govt. government. all Central of by monitoring maintenance; funded and schemes control quality for bridges; rail guidelines and include: road of under framing waterways outlined of adequacy as of assessment schemes; activities management appraisal flood techno-economic several of management; flood out of plan carries comprehensive of updating (GFCC) and preparation Commission Control Flood as states Ganga Basin Board. Ganga Control in Flood management Ganga its of and wing floods executive with and deal secretariat to 1972 in created was Patna, at headquarter its with Ministry the of office subordinate a (GFCC), Commission Control Flood Ganga DRIP. under dams “CBIP large received of also safety Commission and Water health Central promoting 2015. for in 2016” Award Standards Indian of systems Bureau management the quality its from for certification 9001:2008 ISO Safety receivedDam Commission. The has six-years. CWC Water of Organisation, period a Central over implementation and for 2012 states from (namely effective become has participating states It for participating component seven strengthening the in institutional dams large 225 with along Uttarakhand) and TamilNadu Odisha, Madhya Kerala,Pradesh, about Karnataka, Jharkhand, of rehabilitation of the with project provision assisted Bank World the is (DRIP) Project Improvement and Rehabilitation onwards. Dam 2011 of season monsoon the from basis on monthly basins River Indian of Region Himalayan the in bodies lakes/water glacial monitoring is CWC irrigation of creation of targets the achieve potential. and targets financial and physical of achievement the o rpr faiiiy eot f h vros opnns f h shm rltn t peninsular to relating scheme the of components various the of report feasibility prepare To and development rivers Development. peninsular Resources of Water for Perspective proposal National the the of part of forming components development feasibility rivers Himalayan establish to order interconnecting in and sites links reservoir possible of investigations and surveys detailed out carry To rpsd y h states. be the may as by links proposed intra-state the of reports project pre-feasibility/feasibility/detailed prepare To development. rivers Himalayan and development rivers ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 91 Notes • • • • • 92 WAPCOS (WATER AND POWER CONSULTANCY SERVICES) LIMITED HYDROLOGY OF NATIONALINSTITUTE ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India evcs n ae Rsucs Pwr n Ifatutr Dvlpet Projects. Development Infrastructure Consultancy and for Power 9001:2008 Resources, Water ISO in of Services requirements Assurance abroad. Quality and the India with in complies sectors WAPCOS infrastructure and power resources, water consultancy of providing facets been all has WAPCOS in 1956, services Act, Companies the under 1969 in Incorporated Ministry. this of aegis the under Enterprise Sector RATNA-I” Public “MINI a is WAPCOS Limited (Uttarakhand). Roorkee at headquarters development. its resources has water Institute and The hydrology of aspects all on basic, research coordinate and strategic promote and aid, undertake, applied to country the in institute R&D premier organization of a is (Government autonomous Rejuvenation India), Ganga an and as Development River Resources, 1978 Water in of established Ministry under (NIH), Hydrology of Institute National The www.iasscore.in Chapter

Notes MS&) a bfrae it to eatet wih r, eatet f Sca Jsie and Justice I. Social of Department are, Empowerment Disabilities. which with and Persons Justice of Departments Empowerment Social for two of Department into and Ministry Empowerment The bifurcated Welfare. was of (MoSJ&E) Department the and Child and Women Development of Department the into bifurcated Welfarewas of Ministry erstwhile the 1985-86, IN ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India efr o Shdld Castes Scheduled of Welfare (c) (b) are: 338(5) Article for (a) the in responsible enumerated is as NCSC Castes the of Scheduled Functions welfare. for their concerning issues review Commission to also and Castes Constitutional Scheduled for National provided 89th safeguards the monitoring The the after 2003. for Tribes Commission Act, Scheduled National for (Amendment) namely, Commission Commissions National the two and of into Castes 383 Scheduled bifurcated Article under was up 1990 set was in which (NCSC) Constitution STs and SCs for Commission National The Castes Scheduled for Commission National • • • (STs) Tribes concern. Scheduled of and cause (SCs) a Castes been Scheduled had of members the against and atrocities continuing 2015 Act, Amendment Atrocities) of 2016: (Prevention Tribes Scheduled and Castes Scheduled 11 h shdld castes. of safeguards scheduled and rights the of deprivation the STs.to respect and with SCs complaints specific into of inquire To safeguards the to relating matters all monitor and investigate To within done be to is sheet relief charge admissible of The days. offence. filing and sixty the Investigation days. seven of within nature paid the be to upon is depending 8,25,000 Rs. between enhanced to is 85,000 amount Relief Rs. rationalised. amount relief of payment provided of is phasing atrocities and for of offences 47 for amount Relief witnesses. and and defendants duties their of victims, protection Certain for arrangement inserted. necessary stakeholders, is making for Witnesses” State the the and upon imposed Victims all are responsibilities of “Rights with to relating areas. process chapter five cover new broadlyA consultation to the proposed were on Act Based PoA the effective. in amendments more Act the accused. of the by provisions relevant the felt make and Act adequatelythe strengthen to appropriate not considered therefore,was, It was Act PoA the of effect that indicated deterrent also STs and the SCs of members against offences of occurrences of incidence High o atcpt ad die n h pann poes f oi-cnmc eeomn o the of development any socio-economic and Union State. the under of development their process of progress the planning evaluate to and the Castes Scheduled on advise and participate To Despite the deterrent provisions made in the PoA (Prevention of Atrocities) Rules, 1995 Act, 1995 Rules, Atrocities) of (Prevention PoA the in made provisions deterrent the Despite ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India WELF www.iasscore.in ARE 93 Notes III. II. 94 (d) • • Assistance: Central Special • • • • • Empowerment Educational (f) (e) ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India f 95 (eta/tt) a itoue i 1979. in ratio introduced the was in (SCDCs) (central/state) Corporations 49:51 Development Castes of Scheduled the of share equity the in the below SCs of Scheduled Castes Development Corporations: development economic of schemes oriented family line. to poverty thrust a give to objective main The is (SCSP). Plan to Sub given Castes is Scheduled grant their cent to additive per an 100 as States/UTs,which the under 1980, in started scheme, sector central a is (SCSP) Plan: Sub Castes Scheduled institutions. scientific and institutions research universities, in degree research to Scheduled Caste students for pursuing research studies leading to M. Phil, Ph.D, existing and equivalent their Students: SC for Fellowship of National Gandhi Rajiv expansion for only benefit the avail facilities. Deemed can and hostel sector NGOs while private facilities the hostel in existing the Universities of of expansion construction for fresh and for buildings both and assistance,hostel central central the for eligible and are administrations universities/institutions territory colleges state schools, governments/union secondary state higher schools, The middle universities. in and studying girls and boys SC to facilities Yojana: Chhatrawas Ram Jagjivan Babu programme. Masters Ph.D for for years years 4 candidates. 3 of women period and maximum for a earmarked for been provided haveis awardsScheme the the under assistance of Financial cent awardees per 30 prospective given and be to The 100 (maximum) awards is Scheme. yearof number each total the The age. under of years 35 benefit than more be get not should to same the eligible of are children two parents/guardians etc. Only allowance. premium insurance journey and incidental allowance, fee contingency visa annual passage allowance, maintenance monthly actual, per as SCs: for Scholarship Overseas National of Scheme. Government the from under and assistance expenditure governments cent for per state India 100 the provides by which implemented administrations, and territory schemeunion Students: sponsored centrally SC is for Scheme The Scholarship Pre-Matric dry pickers. waste of (iv) scavengers and (i) flayers, viz: (iii) groups, tanners, target following (ii) latrines, the of also provided children is were assistance to financial education scheme day-scholars pre-matric the for Under 1991 scheme. the in of Subsequently, purview the hostellers. within brought only covered it Initially, 1977-78. Scholarship: Pre-Matric and development and welfare advancement. protection, the to relation in functions other such discharge To development. socio-economic measures and other welfare and safeguards protection, the those the by of taken for implementation be effective the should for that State measures any the or to Union as recommendations reports, safeguards. such those in make To of working the upon reports President, the to present To hs s cnrly pnoe shm. h shm ws tre in started was scheme The scheme. sponsored centrally a is This pca Cnrl sitne SA t Shdld ats u Plan Sub Castes Scheduled to (SCA) Assistance Central Special The Scheme provides for fees charged by institutions by charged fees for provides Scheme The h ojcie f h Shm i t poie hostel provide to is Scheme the of objective The The Centrally Sponsored Scheme for participating h shm hs en nrdcd n 2012. in introduced been has scheme The The scheme provides financial assistance financial provides scheme The www.iasscore.in Notes • • Campaign India Accessible • • • • • • efr o Pros ih Disabilities with Persons of Welfare • p niomn, rnprain c-ytm ad nomto ad omncto eco-system. communication and information and eco-system, transportation environment, built the up namely accessibilities universal achieving for verticals separate three targets campaign The universal achieving for campaign nation-wide PwDs. a for as accessibility Abhiyan), Bharat (Sugamya Campaign accessible India the formulated has (DEPwD), Disabilities with Persons of Empowerment of Department society. the of sections weaker and other welfare among include Disabilities justice, with Persons social of and interests development respect the economic safeguarding with for respectively of schemes Municipalities case and of Panchayats in implementation the to of responsibilities assistance and powers public the to pertain to 243-W,which Article to and Schedule Twelfth want. and undeserved 243-G education Article to of Schedule effective Eleventh to cases Besides, other make work, in and development, to disablement and and right sickness capacity age, the old economic unemployment, its securing of for limits the provision within shall, State “The 41: Constitution. the Article of Part this in mention appear specific no persons though even such Disabilities of with Persons the to available also are Remedies. rights these Constitutional All to Right and Rights Educational and Cultural Religion; Freedom to Right of Exploitation; against Right Freedom; to Right Equality; to Right - include These in also). (and citizens non-citizens the to all casesto Rights few Fundamental a six of set a for provides Constitution the of Part-III opportunity. of equality worship; of and and faith status belief, expression, thought, justice, of citizens; liberty its political; all and to secure economic to social, seeks inter-alia Preamble, its through India of Constitution The • • • oprto udr h Mnsr o Sca Jsie n Epwret Te agt ru o the of group target “Scavengers”. The are Empowerment. and Corporation Justice Social apex of an is Ministry NSKFDC the 1956. Act, under Companies corporation the of Corporation: 25 Section under profit for Development as not company 1997 a in and incorporated was (NSKFDC) Corporation Finance Development and Finance Karamcharis Karamcharis Safai National castes. scheduled facility to enhancement belonging credit entrepreneurs, towards start-up allocated and be young will for crore 200 Castes: Rs. of Scheduled sum a for that announced Scheme Guarantee Enhancement them. to Credit finance entrepreneurship concessional promote provide to to was and This castes scheduled 2014. the in among Castes Scheduled for Fund Castes: Capital Venture Scheduled for Fund development. Capital economic their Venture for line the poverty the of youth double below the living to group, training target concessional skill-cum-entrepreneurial 1956). of and Act, form families, the Companies castes in scheduled the assistance to financial of loans provide 25 to is Section NSFDC (formerly of objective 2013 broad Act, The Companies the under 1989 of February, 8 in up Section set was (NSFDC) Corporation Development and Finance Castes Corporation: Development and Finance Castes Scheduled National ih t wr, o dcto ad o ulc sitne n eti css provides: cases, certain in assistance public to and education to work, to Right oenet none te etn u o a of up setting the announced Government ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India n 04 te government the 2014, In The National Scheduled National The www.iasscore.in ainl Safai National 95 Notes II. I. • • • • • • 96 rbl Affairs Tribal pedn aaees bu te apin n seig omteteggmn o various of commitment/engagement seeking and campaign for the media social and about IT use awareness will and timelines spreading defined with targets ambitious has campaign The ra atr oslain ih h Gvro o te tt. h Sxh ceue ne Atce 4 (2) 244 Article under Schedule Scheduled Sixth be The state. to the declare of Order Governor by the may with consultation President after the Areas as areas such as Areas” “Scheduled defines Areas: Tribal and Areas manner. Scheduled planned and coordinated a in society, the of underprivileged more the most (STs), Tribes providing Scheduled the of objective of development socio-economic the integrated with the on Empowerment approach focused and Justice Social of Ministry of bifurcation Tribes: Scheduled of Development of area the continuing in of working encouragement organisations (v) with disability. recognised and collaboration the in rehabilitation, programmes possessing of education professionals area rehabilitation for the in register qualifications rehabilitation central rehabilitation a of education maintenance special and rehabilitation (iv) in research of promotion (iii) basis, reciprocal outside a and on within country disabled the the of rehabilitation of at area the in courses courses training training running universities of institutions/ of regulation recognition (ii) country, and the and throughout institutions training standardisation rehabilitation the all in levels (i) of different area include: the functions in Its training professionals education. the of special regulating categories for various responsible for is programmes Council and The policies 1992. witness, Act, India of of Council summoning Rehabilitation to relating court Council: Rehabilitation civil etc. a document, any of powers of production the and with requistioning discovery, vested is with persons and for into meant law,etc. rule, any look disabilities of to non-implementation also of notice moto and suo take disabilities also can with persons Commissioner Chief The disabilities. to with persons of rights of available deprivation to respect with complaints made facilities to steps and taking government, (Equal rights central the with safeguard by persons disbursed Disabilities funds for Commissioners of with utilisation State of of Persons monitoring work disabilities, the The coordinating of duties include of and Commissioner functions The Chief 57 1995. the Act, Participation) Section Full and Rights under of Protection Opportunities, appointed functionary, Disabilities: with statutory Persons for Commissioner Chief development. economic their for is (NHFDC) an apex-level financial institution extending for credit facilities to persons withdisabilities Development: etc. Economic Cuttack Research, and Training Rehabilitaion of Institute National National (v) the (ii) for Institute Dehradun, National Handicapped, Jung YavarSecunderabad, Handicapped, Mentally the for Institute National (iv) Ali Mumbai, Handicapped, Hearing Visually (iii) the Kolkata, Handicapped, for Orthopedically Institute for Institute National major (i) each in disability; set-up of been have area Institutes level Institutes/apex National following the population, PwDs. of Institutes: empowerment National economic and social for initiatives various implementing for (DEPwD) Disabilities with Persons of Empowerment of Department the (SIPDA),by Act run scheme Disabilities umbrella an with Persons of Implementation of Scheme the by supported be will This stakeholders. ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India In order to effectively deal with the multi-dimensional problem of the disabled the of problem multi-dimensional the with deal effectively to order In h Rhbltto Cucl f ni i a tttr bd st p ne the under up set body statutory a is India of Council Rehabilitation The h Ntoa Hniapd iac ad eeomn Corporation Development and Finance Handicapped National The h Mnsr o Tia Afis a st p n 99 fe the after 1999 in up set was Affairs Tribal of Ministry The h Ffh ceue ne Atce 4 () f Constitution of (1) 244 Article under Schedule Fifth The h Cif omsinr s n important an is Commissioner Chief The www.iasscore.in Notes V. IV. III. hc aedcae a Tia Aes n poie o Dsrc onis n/r einl Councils Regional and/or Councils District for provides and Areas” “Tribal Mizoram as and Tripuradeclared Meghalaya, Assam, are which of states the in areas those to relates Constitution the of n i cs, a fr xml t er a iig r ek dcto, t. a as b rgre a a as state/union home regarded his be to also relation can in etc. order that education, in seek specified or been has living tribe applicable a his Order earn if Presidential his Tribe, to the Scheduled from example away of for notification temporarily say the is case, of who his time person in the a at (f) residence case; of his place in permanent applicable his Order or he Presidential that the (e) of religion; notification any of profess date the on state/UT may the he of resident permanent (d) be should etc., parents/grandparents, scheduled; been has community the respect which in to state of that relation within area the in and state tribes that to scheduled belongs person the the that (c) specifying state; concerned Order the that Presidential (b) the claimed; in community included the is to belong community actually the parents his and person the that (a) verified: culture; be distinctive (b) Status: traits; ST Ascertaining primitive of indications (a) are: i.e., backwardness.isolation, geographical (d) and large; at community the with contact tribe shynessof (c) scheduled a as Tribes: community of De-Scheduling and Scheduling tribes. scheduled through as President considered be the will by notification such public as initial declared an been have this who of purposes communities the those for tribes Only scheduled Constitution. be or to tribes 342 such Article within under groups deemed of are as parts communities or tribal communities tribal or tribes such as 366(25) Article under ST: as Declaration for Procedure • and judicial • legislative, ranging wide with conferred been powers. have executive Councils These Areas. such for (d) (c) (b) (a) that: are Areas Scheduled of advantages The (d) (c) (b) (a) are: Schedule the under Fifth Area” “Scheduled a as area any declaring for criteria The Areas: Schedule Fifth The advancement of the scheduled tribes in the state as may be referred to it by the Governor. the by it to referred be may as state Areas. the in Scheduled tribes scheduled the having and of welfare advancement states the to pertaining in matters on government state the established advise to is TAC be of role The shall (TAC) Council Advisory Tribes Areas. Scheduled the of so whenever or annually, shall therein, Areas required by the Scheduled President of India, make a report to the President regarding the administration having Area. state Scheduled a a of to Governor apply The not shall state, the of Legislature the of or question. in of Parliament Act area particular any that direct notification public may bethrough The Governor the to applicable the of is or which Parliament state of the Act any of amend Legislature or repeal may Governor the regulation, making and such In Tribes. people; any Scheduled tribal of members from the to land lending money of transfer of business the restrict regulate or (ii) regulations prohibit make (i) to following: empowered the is of Areas, respect Scheduled in has which state, a of Governor The areas. neighbouring to compared as area the and of taluk; backwardness or Economic block district, a as such entity administrative viable A area; the of size reasonable and Compactness population; tribal of Preponderance hr a esn lis o eog o shdld rb b brh i should it birth, by tribe scheduled a to belong to claims person a Where The term scheduled tribes is defined in the Constitution of India of Constitution the in defined is tribes scheduled term The h ciei gnrly dpe fr pcfcto o a of specification for adopted generally criteria The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 97 Notes VIII. VII. VI. 98 owtsadn te at ht h nm o hs rb hs en ceue i rset f ht State that of respect in scheduled been has tribe residence his temporary his of of name place the the to that relation fact in such the as notwithstanding treated be cannot he but (g) territory; • • Affairs. Tribal in of up Ministry set the was erstwhile under (NSTFDC) 2001 the Corporation April, Development tribes, and Finance scheduled Tribes Scheduled of National and development economic of bifurcated was Corporation Development Financial Tribes Scheduled pace and Castes Scheduled National the accelerate and attention Corporation: Development and Finance Tribes Scheduled National evaluation. and monitoring for specify (f) mechanism and the implementation; its for strategy administrative suitable a define (e) development; socio- for framework policy broad rapid in a prepare gaps (c) Year critical for TSP; and Fivefor resources availablepeople all 1972 Fifth tribal identify (b) the of development; in their need in and Welfare problems time the first identify Social the (a) should: for and Sub-Plan adopted The wasPlan. Education and people of tribal Ministry of development the economic by up set Committee to relating complaint Plan: any Sub tribes. Tribal into scheduled the inquiring of or safeguards matter and any rights civil investigating a of of deprivation while powers the suit all a with vested trying is Commission court The tribes. scheduled the of working safeguards rights of and the deprivation the evaluate to respect to with complaints and specific into tribes inquire to scheduled and safeguards; the such of for all provided monitor safeguards and investigate the to State to to are Secretary Commission relating of a the matters of of Minister duties rank main and The the India. given Minister of been haveGovernment Cabinet the Commission Union the of of members rank the while respectively, the conferred been the have of Vice-Chairman Commission the and Chairman the The through 2003. Constitution, Act, the Amendment) in February, (Eighty-ninth 338A Constitution Article 19th new from a inserting effect and with 338 Article up amending set by 2004 was (NCST) Tribes Scheduled for Commission National tribe. a Tribes Scheduled status. of such for ST requirement Commission for to a eligible National is be belong there to to order whom in for Territories claim Islands Union Lakshadweep the they the in which born of being STs under the to Order apply of time not Presidential the does at This the of parents their purpose of the of abode for notification permanent residence the of of place place the the is Order, status, Tribe Presidential Scheduled relevant acquiring the the after of born persons notification of case of the in date (h) Order; Presidential any in settled, temporarily is he where ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India Special Schemes: Special hm Te c hs en oiid o oeain ih fet rm eebr 1 2007. 31, December from effect with to operation injustice for historical notified in been resulting forests has India state Act independent of The in as consolidation them. well the as in period recognized colonial adequately the not during ancestral on were rights habitat chose their but generations forest and for traditional lands forests other such and in tribes residing scheduled been have dwelling who forest dwellers in land forest in rights forest occupation the vest and and recognize to seeks 2006 Act, Rights) Forest STs: of (Recognition Dwellers of Rights Forest of Recognition scheme NSTFDC. the the by Under provided scheme(s)/project(s) the is of interest. cost the of of cent per 99 rate to up assistance Financial centre. unit/profit concessional individual per 50,000/- Rs. highly upto costing project(s) a scheme(s)/ for loan at term provides NSTFDC women, (AMSY) ST of Yojana development Sashaktikaran Mahila Adivasi h peet rbl u Pa (S) taey a iiily eeoe b a Expert an by developed initially was strategy (TSP) Plan Sub Tribal present The h Shdld rbs n Ohr rdtoa Forest Traditional Other and Tribes Scheduled The s n xlsv shm fr h economic the for scheme exclusive an is With a view to pay a focused a pay to view a With www.iasscore.in Notes V. IV. III. II. I. efr o Ohr akad Classes Backward Other of Welfare • Classes (OBCs)/ De-notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (DNTs)/ Economically Backward Economically(DNTs)/ Tribes Semi-Nomadic and Nomadic De-notified, (OBCs)/ Classes Students: OBC for Fellowship National education. higher and secondary pursue to to them areas, enable rural from especially classes, backward educationally and socially to belonging students to to Girls: and them Boys OBC enable for Hostels of to Construction stage post-secondary or post-matriculation education. at their complete studying students OBC the to OBCs: for annum. Scholarship Post-Matric per 44,500 Rs. is eligibility for ceiling pre-matric at income studying OBCs The of stage. children motivate to is Scheme this of aim The ratio. 50:50 in state OBCs: the for Scholarship of favourPre-Matric and in posts recruitment civil direct in (OBCs). through vacancies Classes filled of Backward be or cent to Other per Classes” Government, 27 Central Backward reserved the “Other 1993 under as in services to India the of referred to Government (also belonging of The persons classes, Government OBCs). for the backward posts report, government economically this central and of in light socially reservation the cent In per 1980. 27 in provided Report India its submitted 340, Article under Backward Second Classes The • • • ra vr hc tte hv be ise i Mdy Paeh s 11,9.7 acres. 21,10,991.87 is Pradesh Madhya in forest total issued The been Act. have this titles under which issued over been area have titles which over area forest of highest distinction the having has Pradesh title. Madhya 4,05,509 titles). per is community which 5,513 land titles and average titles of individual number (3,99,996 highest acres of issuing lakh of acres 47 distinction the about 3.30 has Odisha of land. of area forest average of an over an distributed with been have land titles forest community 48,192 Similarly, of acres lakh 55.47 of and Ph.D 2006: Act, Rights Forest Graduation, Post students. for ST make for to abroad beneficial provisions its more studies it of some revised higher has Ministry The pursuing programmes. research for Post-Doctoral scholarship selected providing is scheme students The to students. ST for (NOS) Scholarships Overseas National availing Scholarships: for Overseas process activities. learning of improving simplification in aids with technological along through also through ministries and achieved scholarships line be to of intended schemes is This of scholarships. convergence through children ST for education for STs for providing andincentive infrastructure Children educational adequate schemesthe objective with of ST of Education for Scheme Umbrella mechanism. appropriate through institutional resources state as of convergence well by groups as intended target central the the of reach actually all programmes/schemes governments various that under ensure services to and envisages goods a process of as benefits This people. adopted tribal been of has development VKY holistic The oriented outcome orientation. and based need for environment enabling outcome-based creating at aims It process. an strategic with population tribal of developmentoverall into resource available the translate to view a with Yojana”(VKY) Kalyan Yojana: VanbandhuKalyan

h Mnsr o Tia Afis a apoe te eie Shm of Scheme revised the approved has Affairs Tribal of Ministry The Commission (commonly known as Mandal Commission), constituted Commission), Mandal knownas (commonly Commission By 2016, about 16.82 lakh individual titles were granted over an area an over granted were titles individual lakh 16.82 about 2016, By

The central government launched an approach, namely, approach, “Vanbandhuan launched government central The n hs cee te xedtr i sae bten ete and centre between shared is expenditure the scheme, this In h ojcie f h shm i t poie iaca assistance financial provide to is scheme the of objective The sitne o Sil eeomn o Ohr Backward Other of Development Skill for Assistance : h Mnsr i r-niern is educational its re-engineering is Ministry The This Scheme aims at providing hostel facilities hostel providing at aims Scheme This ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 99 Notes IV. III. II. I. VI. 100 oil Defence Social lse (Bs. h am f h shm i t ivle h vlnay etr o mrv educational improve to upgrade to sector view a OBCs/DNTs/EBCs, voluntary with i.e., group the target involvethe to of conditions is socio-economic and scheme the of aim The (EBCs). Classes nentoa ognstos NO, t. ad c r-set ni’ cmimn t cma te drug the manner. combat holistic to a as commitment in well India’s menace as re-assert governments (c) state and the etc., to NGOs, and organisations, India international of Government the various to in guide organisations a as and serve Ministries (b) substances; psychotropic and drugs narcotic the towards out India the of out brought policy spell (a) to: has aims which Empowerment Policy) (NDPS Policy and Substances Psychotropic Justiceand Drugs Social Narcotic of Department the including stakeholders necessity.” medical Policy: a Substances is Psychotropic and supply Drugs such Narcotic where others to and Government the social with the be registered to may substances addicts rehabilitation, as psychotropic and manner drugs such after-care, narcotic any in of and Government education, concerned conditions the such by prescribed, treatment, to subject supply, for identification, and addicts for of to fit reintegration Government thinks it of and many (Power as as drugs establish Act narcotic centers discretion, of its the in may, supply Government for of “The and that 71 provides addicts Substances) of Section Psychotropic etc abuse. treatment, drug identification, for curb centres to establish alia, inter enacted, was Substances: Psychotropic and Drugs aged. the of welfare the for advise to body on highest and coordinate policy withthe the government in the formulationis and implementation of policy national and NCOP programmes The the persons. older of for initiatives implementation specific the the and persons on older government the to feedback provides It persons. older for programmes and policies developing on government the aid and advise to (NCOP) Persons etc. training elderly; the and Persons: for Older for research Council services National of promote organizers to and elderly; givers care the geriatric to train facility to facilities healthcare adequate provide to the by family; enable provided to care the members; supplement family to older organizations persons. their non-governmental and voluntary of older support care as and take the well to as of families own encourage their to well-being for age; provision old the spouse’s make their ensure to individuals to encourage to commitment were: objectives the primary The reaffirm to 1999 in announced Persons: Older for Policy National has country NBCFDC the of which parts for different in services SCAs. classes and backward through of products members diverse the to the assistance financial exhibit provided linkages. to also marketing and establish Corporation of schemes the the to showcase to exhibitions in State participate exhibitions the or motivates organize also to these NBCFDC (SCAs) Agencies artisans. Channelizing beneficiary in the all to products cost of free their allotted are stalls The exhibit providing target to the of way to by platform artisans loans of traditional them helps of Ministry NBCFDC types classes. of backward various aegis of extends the members i.e., Corporation under group self The Undertaking and Empowerment. development India and skill of Justice in Government Social classes a these is of of benefit It sections the ventures. poorer for employment the activities assist developmental to and and economic classes promote not backward to Company objective a an as with 1992 in profit incorporated for was (NBCFDC) Corporation Development and Finance Corporation: Development and Finance Classes Backward National other. in employed the gainfully or get or sector own their some on activities generating income start to them enable to skill ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India h eitn Ntoa Plc o Odr esn (PP was (NPOP) Persons Older on Policy National existing The The government has reconstituted National Council for Older for Council National reconstituted has government The h Nroi rg adPyhtoi Sbtne c, 1985, Act, Substances Psychotropic and Drugs Narcotic The Ministry of Finance in consultation with all with consultation in Finance of Ministry ainl akad Classes Backward National www.iasscore.in Notes IV. III. II. I. 1992. Act, Jains (NCM) Minorities and for Commission (Parsis) National the under Zoroastrians provisions per as Buddhists, minorities as Sikhs, notified havebeen Christians, Muslims, viz., communities religious Six efr Maue fr h Minorities the for Measures Welfare eto 32 o te c siuae ta fv mmes nldn te hipros hl b from be shall Chairpersons the including members five communities. Vice that minority a under stipulates the for provision amongst Act The the provided Chairperson). Vice of which a 3(2) and 1995 Chairperson Section in was a composition (including Commission’s amended members the was 7 amendment, to 1995 1992 expanded the Act, With Commission. NCM the The in 1993. Chairperson in up Commission set National statutory was first The Minorities. for Commission 1992 National Act, the Minorities as for renamed Commission and National the of enactment the with body statutory a became Minorities: for Commission National • • • communities:- minority notified Students: the to belonging students of empowerment educational the for Minority schemes scholarship for Schemes development violence. infrastructure and Scholarship in disharmony communal them for of for control share support and appropriate prevention (d) an credit and ensuring schemes, enhanced by minorities schemes, of new living of conditions and the improving are: (c) jobs, government existing central programme and state to the through recruitment and self-employment of employment, objectives and The 2006. activities in economic in announced minorities for share equitable an was ensuring (b) minority education, for opportunities enhancing Minorities (a) the of of Welfare the benefit for the for programme Minorities: Welfare of the for 15-Point Programme development and regulatory communities. the of evaluation coordination, planning, review policy overall the and in role pivotal a play to and minorities the relating issues to the to approach focused a ensure Minorities: to January, 2006 of in created was welfare Affairs Minority the for of measures following the taken has government The ore, t negaut ad otrdae ees i isiuin rcgie b appropriate by recognized institutions in levels, authority. postgraduate technical and and professional undergraduate pursuing at for borne courses, awarded being are is Scholarships expenditure government. scholarship central cent the per by 100 2007. in launched scheme a sector central in notified Scholarship: and based concerned. Merit-cum-Means selected Administration territory institutes government/union state private the by eligible manner and transparent school/college secondary higher for awarded scheme sector central a is studies It in India in a government 2007. higher secondary school/college in including residential launched government was communities minority the to Post-MatricScheme: Scholarships students. girl for scholarships earmarked of cent been per have30 renewals. the to addition in year scholarships every awarded fresh be lakh to 30 proposed scheme, are the Under scheme. the under scholarship Pre-matric the of examination previous award for the eligible are lakh, in 1 Rs.exceed marks not does cent income annual per parents/guardians’ per whose 100 and 50 with secure scheme who sector student central The a funding. is central It cent 2008. in approved was Communities Minority the Scheme: Scholarship Pre-Matric h Pemti shlrhp cee o tdns eogn to belonging students to scheme scholarship Pre-matric The The scheme of Post-matric scholarship The forstudents schemebelonging of h Mnrte Cmiso wih a st p n 1978 in up set was which Commission Minorities The h mrtcm en bsd coasi shm i a is scheme scholarship based means merit-cum The hs iity s mlmnig olwn three following implementing is Ministry This The Prime Minister’s New 15-Point Programme ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in h Ministry The 101 Notes eiltv spot o ealn te t go ad eeo t ter ul potential. full their I. to develop and grow to them enabling for support legislative and institutional nutrition, learning, to access facilitate rights, and their policies about awareness cross-cutting spread programmes,through protection and care well development, ensure and to is discrimination children for and mission Its violence from free environment an growth and development for in a safe protective fullopportunities and with children nurtured environment. in contributing development and dignity in with partners living women a equal empowered in as of participation vision and a development has protection, Ministry survival, The manner. their holistic promote to concerns and and rights children the and advance women to of responsibility main the has legislation, Ministry centred The child programmes. and and equitable policies promoting gender for create and to children convergence and inter-sectoral women and for ministerial overall action 2006 inter state for in from gaps existence pace addressing into the of came intention sets Development prime the Child and with and importance Women paramount of of Ministry separate is A children development. and women of development The VI. V. 102 oe ad hl Development Child and Women • Minorities Linguistic and Religious for Commission National olwn At rltn t wmn n children: and women to relating Acts following Children: and Women to relating Acts and Justice Social of Ministry the of responsibility the is Wakfs for Empowerment. these from Legislation Apart Central charitable. or of Administration pious upliftment. economic religious, and social as of instruments Law also are Wakfs the Muslim aspects, religious the by recognised purposes for Council: WAKF Central • ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under the under minorities linguistic Constitution. for provided safeguards the to relating matters all investigate to groups. minority linguistic to belonging Minorities Linguistic for Commissioner as children designated Officer Special a for provides to mother 350B Article education the of in stage of instruction primary any for the in provides at state 360A tongue a Article or Union/States. Union the submit the in to of used right languages authority the the any gives to 350 grievances Article of specify. redressal may part for President any or representation the state as a purpose of such populations the for to thereof proportion recognition substantial official a for by direction spoken language Presidential any for of provision makes 347 Article choice. conserve their to right of institutions their educational administer recognize and establish to and and culture minorities or script language, of distinct their interests the protect to seek the Constitution of 30 and 29 Article minorities. linguistic and religious the to granted havebeen safeguards Minorities: Linguistic minorities. for Safeguards linguistic Constitutional to provided safeguards agreed nationally and Constitutional the of its CLM has implementation This concerning issues Kolkata. the to and Organization pertaining matters Chennai the all Belgaum, CLM on States/UTs with at interacts The offices zonal three concerned. with the to Delhi States/UTs sent and at and headquarters of direct Parliament the may of administration President House each the government before as laid the be intervals to such reports such at all causes matters President these upon President reporting and the Constitution the to the under to India relating in minorities matters linguistic all the for of of provided 350-B safeguards CLM Article by of investigation envisages provision 350-B the Article of Constitution. pursuance the in 1957 in established was (CLM) Minorities Minorities: Linguistic for Commissioner Wk i a emnn ddcto o mvbe r moal properties immovable or movable of dedication permanent a is Wakf A h Mnsr i i cag o te diitain f the of administration the of charge in is Ministry The h Ofc o te omsinr o Linguistic for Commissioner the of Office The Under the Constitution of India, certain India, of Constitution the Under www.iasscore.in Notes II. • • • • • (l) (k) (j) (i) (h) 2005. Act, (g) Violence Domestic from Women of Protection (f) (e) (d) (c) (b) (a) Schemes: o uhrte/oie h icdne o voec aant oe sc a dmsi violence, domestic as such women against violence of incidences the authorities/police to phones. mobile Volunteers: Police on Mahila button panic physical of installation the up taken had Phones: Mobile on Button (181). related Panic number women uniform single about a information through country and the across hospital) non- programmes Centre, and schemes Stop government emergency One police, appropriate hours as with 24 (linking such referral provide authority through violence to by affected intended women to 2015, response emergency April, since implemented being Helpline: pregnancy Women during of mode Universalisation DBT conditions. in specific LM fulfilling individual and to PW response of in lactation account and office 5,000/ Rs. bank/post to the amounting to incentive -directly cash providing mothers. envisages scheme The legislature. for territories union 60:40, lactating without for cent as per legislature 100 and with 90:10 and be UTs will and it states states Himalayan and the states women north-eastern and States/UTs centre to the released between being ratio is pregnant sharing grant-in-aid cost the in which under eligible scheme sponsored centrally to a PMMVY (PMMVY). is YojanaVandana Matru Mantri Pradhan as programme named was programme The benefit maternity Yojana: child. Vandana girl Matru Mantri the Pradhan of participation scheme protection and the and education ensuring of survival and ensuring child objectives girl elimination; specific the selective of The sex biased women. gender of preventing address disempowerment and include (CSR) of Ratio issues Sex Child related declining the other address to 2015 in launched Government, Padhao: Beti Bachao Beti 2012. Redressal), and Prohibition (Prevention, Workplace 2012. at Rules, Women POCSO of and Harassment Act Sexual (POCSO) Offences Sexual from Children of 2000. Protection The Act Children) of Protection and (Care Justice 2005. Juvenile Act, Rights Child of Protection for Commission 1992). Supply of Production, (41 of 1992 (Regulation Act, food Distribution) Infant and and Bottles Feeding Substitutes, Milk Infant 1990. Act, Women for Commission National 2007). January, in (notified 2006 Act, Marriage Child 1988). of of Prohibition (3 The 1987 Act, (Prevention) Sati of Commission The 1986. in amended as 1986). 1961 Act, of Prohibition (60 Dowry 1986 The Act, (Prevention) Women of Representation 1986). Indecent in The amended (as 1956 Act, (Prevention) Traffic Immoral The anl n Mhnrgr i Hraa Ohr tts r epce t flo te ae soon. same the was follow to It expected of are scheme. districts states the Other Volunteers for Haryana. 2016 Police in in Mahendragarh government Mahila and Haryana Karnal the and Ministry WCD operationalise the Haryana to by spaces. jointly state launched public in first women the by become faced has violence and harassment dowry marriage, child

The broad mandate of Mahila Police Volunteers (MPVs) is to report to is (MPVs) Volunteers Police Mahila of mandate broad The

ei aho ei aho s n te lghp rgams f the of programmes flagship the one is Padhao Beti Bachao Beti

o rvd eegny epne o oe i dsrs, MWCD distress, in women to response emergency provide To

h Shm o Uieslsto o Wmn epie is Helpline Women of Universalisation of Scheme The

oenet none Pn ni ipeetto of implementation India Pan announced Government ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 103 Notes III. 104 • eta mnsre/eatet t esr te fetv ipeetto o te eul harassment sexual the of implementation effective the ensure to governments/ state ministries/departments to Act, issued central Redressal) been have and framework monitoring Prohibition and advisories (Prevention, Workplace regard, this at In Women 2013. implementation of effective Harassment the Sexual towards the working is of Development Child and Women of Ministry the Women at Workplace: of Harassment institutes. Sexual educational by adoption for developed been has skills Champions Gender life for Module Training in A and Development. Resource operationalized Human rights being of Ministry are the legal MWCD with collaboration by legislations. developed to laws, guidelines institutions Champion on Gender awareness educational The create education. through and implemented students being young is sensitize Champions Gender of initiative The Champions Gender centres. nodal Budgeting Gender union designated have and states territories 21 gender inter-ministerial. and intra- for point both focal initiatives, a agency budgeting as gender serve coordinating nodal to for expected are the which GBCs as up set have MWCD departments 57 and levels. The state ministries and central national 2007. the at forward in it taking for Finance initiatives several undertaking is of budgeting Ministry the by was ministries/departments mandated all in (GBCs) Cells Budgeting Gender of up setting the country, the in budgeting such institutionalize To audit. and review assessment, allocation, impact/outcome planning, implementation, budget of steps various but at perspective alone gender exercise a accounting keeping an of process not ongoing is an It men. as much as women reach development of that ensure benefits to as so mainstreaming gender achieving for tool powerful a is (GB) Budgeting Gender Initiatives Budgeting Gender • • • ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ilne epre ioc ad utd o cide ec A te sus nov inter-country abroad. involve residing is issues party other the the As when procedures etc. children of domestic desertion, regarding information lack of to due custody such cases hurdles facelegal engaged in women jurisdiction, to and related issues divorce facing are exparte abroad, violence, or India in residing whether women misuse. this check to order in NRIMatrimonial framework Disputes: regulatory a place in put and decided issue was the it websites, into matrimonial look in to shared information of account the on women against Websites Matrimonial for Guidelines benefits. disability Acid disability. avail of now kind can a as victims attack acid attack included 2016, in MWCD notified 2016 attention, Act, Persons Disabilities medical of with Rights enacted recently constant The disabilities. specified as of well list the within as damage disfigurement or induced acid attack acid include with to Empowerment attacked and Justice Social person of Ministry a requested of life the on Disability: as Attack Acid of Inclusion Diu, and reservation. Daman Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Nagaland, namely such extendedhave UTs already Odisha, Puducherry Delhi, Haveli,NCT Nagar and 6 Dadra and Lakhadweep 14 Gujarat, and in Bihar, Telangana extended viz., been Pradesh, has states Madhya reservation 8 Jharkhand, result, force. far a As So police strength. territories. in total the states/union sensitivity in of women cent of gender per representation 33 increase strengthen to to governments police and state all women to issued more been has cases to advisory sensitive An gender visibility to bring responsiveness police to overall and improve to Affairs Home of Ministry Force: Police in Women for Reservation

Due to increase in Indian Diaspora and consequent overseas marriages, :

n iw f h icesn nme o cie committed crimes of number increasing the of view In Taking note of the long lasting damage or disfigurement or damage lasting long the of note Taking

h WD iity a be wrig ln wt the with along working been has Ministry WCD The To ensure safety and security of womenTo at workplaces, ensure safety of and security www.iasscore.in Notes I. VIII. VII. VI. V. IV. hlrns Issues Children’s n diin MC hs lo rprd n rlae a adok n h S At hc provides which Act SH the on Handbook a released and prepared also has MWCD addition, complainant. In the of victimisation further prevent to and complaint the into inquiry expeditious Act, • Missing/Trafficked/Runaway Children national and state district, at mechanisms institutional dedicated level. place in for environment putting social by and economic victims legal, the strong a creating by trafficking tackle Bill to draft proposes The also victims. various of including rehabilitation by and protection trafficking prevention, of trafficking aspects all to pertaining cover offences and gaps existing the fill to view a Bill, with Rehabilitation) 2017” and Protection economic (Prevention, Persons of health, “Trafficking - Trafficking on legislation education, from issues Trafficking: on etc. Legislation of environment enabling an spectrum of creation wide violence, making, a decision participation, life-cycle encompasses a on issues and women’s addresses policy The continuum years. 15-20 next the action over government issues guide women’sto on expected is and years 15 after revised been has policy The finalization. Women: for Policy National handled be can e-Haat of contact mobile.business entire a direct the through as facilitating access is to women easy e-haat is strengthening It buyer. Mahila in and vendor of catalyst the between USP a The become can inclusion. it financial as and initiative entrepreneurship 2016. changer in game entrepreneurs/SHOs/NOOs a women become for can This platform marketing digital online direct unique e-Haat: Mahila inclusion. financial through balance societal to make opportunities entrepreneurial creating exhibitions/ and Such sharing knowledge products. through their women sell empower and festivals exhibit to opportunity farmers an and get entrepreneurs India women rural that so from especially platform a provide outside to already locations held being in have are organised events being exhibitions/festivals Such are Delhi. exhibitions/festivals such such Three more many market. Delhi, in the held been to directly entrepreneurs and farmers Exhibitions/Festivals: India of Women etc. scheme, promotion loan scheme, loan main viz., RMK etc. shop,of schemes various petty through sanctioned as are such loans The business small to handicraft modern and traditional from ranging activities about bring economic different from to entrepreneurs are beneficiaries target The development. procedure socio-economic their client-friendly a in terms support concessional livelihood at various activities generating for organizations income others and intermediary main among through NGOs The companies, women 25 1993. poor Section in includes to which micro-credit established (IMO), provide organization to is micro-finance RMK apex of objective an and 1860 Act, Registration manner. practical Kosh: easy-to-use Mahila Rashtriya an in Act the of provisions the about information ae pra KoaPy ws anhd n 05 hc eals otn o ifrain of information of posting missing children. - sighted enables databases two and the which matching for facility 2015 provides also in It children. sighted and launched missing was Khoya-Paya portal based Portal: Khoya-Paya h Mnsr o Wmn n Cid eeomn luce “aia -at, a e-Haat”, “Mahila launched Development Child and Women of Ministry The In order to bring citizen participation for protecting children, a new citizen new a children, protecting for participation citizen bring to order In Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) is a society, registered under the Societies the under registered society, a is (RMK) Kosh Mahila Rashtriya Ministry of Women and Child of DevelopmentMinistry has drafted a comprehensive h Dat ainl oiy o Wmn 21, s n t ls sae of stages last its in is 2016, Women, for Policy National Draft The h iiitv ws tre i 21 t ln wmn organic women link to 2014 in started was initiative The ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 105 Notes II. 106 • • • • girls adolescent • and women weight. among birth anemia low reducing of and prevalence years) (15-49 the young reducing among anemia months); of (6-59 prevalence the children reducing lactating years); (0-3 and children and women preventing in of objectives pregnant under-nutrition the with reducing and years three of girls period a adolescent over manner bound years), time a (0-6 in mothers children of status nutritional in Mission: Nutrition National • ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India o nue rae fcs n hlrn ne tre er o ae (i t srnte convergent strengthen to (ii) age; of years three under children on focus greater ensure to policy (ICDS) framework, Services systems and capacities, and facilitatecommunity engagement, Development Child Integrated the strengthen to (i) objective: development project following with the Centres Anganwadi lakh 3.68 covering country the in states 8 of districts burden high 162 government. state central such the concerned by System: persons, the ICDS prescribed be from entitled may allowance to as manner security meals and food or time such such within foodgrains receive government, to of entitled quantities be shall entitled persons the of case In non-supply Act. said the of of 300 II Schedule for in malnutrition) specified standards from nutritional the suffering per those as year, (including a in years days 6 to months 6 of group child age every and the birth, in child after months 6 till mother Development lactating and Child woman Act pregnant said every Integrated for of provisions the under specified (under entitlement the regulate the to 2017 notified in 2017) Rules, has Scheme Ministry the 2013, (NFSA), Act programmatic, covering Nutrition Supplementary scheme ICDS of areas. strengthening institutional have and and steps management several improvement end, for this Towards taken learning. early been and nutrition health, for outpost village first the become to centre development childhood early vibrant a (AWC)as Centre Anganwadi Infrastructure: Anganwadi Improving education. health and and nutrition of needs proper nutritional development; through and children health child normal the the after promote look to to mothers the of departments capability the various enhance the amongst of implementation incidence and the for reduce foundation child; the the policy the lay of co-ordination effectiveachieve improve of dropouts; years; school and mortality,morbidity,malnutrition development to 0-6 social age-group objective and the physical the in psychological, with children proper 1975 of status in health launched and was nutritional Scheme Services Anganwadi as Services: Anganwadi the on based are 2016 Rules, society. Model into reintegrated JJ and The reformed be 2007). to need Rules, children (JJ that philosophy 2007 Rules, Children) of Protection and (Care Justice Juvenile the repealing thereby notified was 2016) Rules, assistance. Model (JJ provides complaints. required. and 300 Justice: wherever handled Juvenile child child and received the the has of 2016, behalf August, contacts on in launched complaint e-box formal POCSO immediately a registers counsellor also counsellor The trained a complaint the filed, as soon As is details. or minimal child with a complaint Here,a file provided. can been behalf has his/her e-Box,on facility, anyone based internet an complaint, a mode anonymous making and safe of a with them provide to order In them. to known someone by done e-Box: POCSO

WD mlmnig nentoa Dvlpet soito (D) sitd in assisted (IDA) Association Development International implementing MWCD hlrn r otn nbe o opan bu sxa aue eas i i usually is it because abuse sexual about complain to unable often are Children h Jvnl Jsie Cr ad rtcin f hlrn Mdl ue, 2016 Rules, Model Children) of Protection and (Care Justice Juvenile The

h Itgae Cid eeomn Srie (CS Shm nw known now Scheme (ICDS) Services Development Child Integrated The : In pursuance of the provisions contained in the National Food Security Food National the in contained provisions the of pursuance In National Nutrition Mission (NNM) is proposed to achieve improvement

h Gvrmn i cmitd o eoiinn the repositioning to committed is Government The www.iasscore.in Notes IV. III. rgams o s o ou o ojcie truh eldfnd taeis n atvte t achieve to children. activities for and outcome strategies of well-defined level through desired objectives on focus to as so programmes new of initiation and and programmes ongoing protection; convergenceof ensure development; to NPACseeks The and participation. education nutrition; and health survival, areas; priority key four has Plan Action The 2013. Children, for Policy National the in embedded principles the on based is Children for Action of Plan National nutrition - components major two non-nutrition. and has scheme The basis. pilot on years 11-18 of girls adolescent of 2010-11 andis operational in 205 selected districts across the country. Itaims developmentat all-round Girls Adolescent for Scheme cin fr mrvd urto otoe. n o te e atvte i ID Systems ICDS in activities ICDS. key of the (ICT-RTM) Monitoring of Time Real One enabled Technology outcomes. Communication and Information is nutrition (ISSNIP) Project Improvement Nutrition and Strengthening improved for actions Shm fr dlset il (A) a itoue i te year the in introduced was (SAG) Girls Adolescent for Scheme : Te ainl ln f cin o Cide (PC, 2016 (NPAC), Children for Action of Plan National The : ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 107 Chapter

Notes • Sports. and State Affairs of YouthMinister for the Charge) of guidance (Independent overall the under functions Sports and Affairs Youth of Ministry The economy. to the contribute productively to enablers youth the other and and awareness force health labour skills, the education, in appropriate increase the the have support to ability the has dividend, economy the demographic that this essential capture is to it order In only. opportunity. years great a 28 offers dividend’ of ‘demographic age This median a have would by The India that age. estimated is of It of population population. the years the the 35 of of 2020, cent under year per one population the 27.5 comprise is the years 15-29 India of of group cent population. age per the the in 65 youth of about with segment world, vibrant the and in nations dynamic youngest most the represent youth The 3. 2. 1. ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India 108 National YouthNational Policy, 2014 ot Affairs Youth – – – process. nation-building the to productively contribute and potential full their realise can they India, that of so youth the of development round all to nation entire the of commitment the reiterates Policy,Youth2003 National erstwhile the replaced which (NYP-2014) 2014 Policy,Youth National The 12 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India evc t bid ainl ownership. national build to service community promote and values social Instill challenges. future on take to equipped generation healthy and strong a Develop development. economic India’s to contribution a sustainable make can that workforce productive a Create Objectives roiy ra ietfe udr h NP21 hv be gvn n al below. Table in given been have and NYP-2014 objectives the The Objectives. under the identified of areas each under priority Areas’ ‘Priority the which and ‘Objectives’ pursued defined be clearly to five need identifies NYP-2014 the Vision, this realise to order In nations”. of community the rightful its in find to place India enable them through and potential, full their achieve to country youth empowerthe “to of is which India, of youth the years. for ‘vision’ 15-29 holistic a proposes of NYP-2014 The group age the in persons as ‘youth’ defines Policy The Y UH AFF OUTH IS N SPOR AND AIRS 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. omnt engagement Community values social of Promotion Sports lifestyle healthy and Health Entrepreneurship development skill and Employment Education Areas Priority www.iasscore.in TS Notes a) 5. 4. Schemes for Youth for Schemes 2. 1. Karyakram: Sashaktikaran Yuva Rashtriya agnlsd youth. marginalised and disadvantaged all for opportunity equitable create and risk at youth Support governance. of levels at engagement civic and participation Facilitate • • • • • Corps Youth National • • • • • • Sangathan Kendra Yuva Nehru • initiatives of NYKS. of and initiatives programmes various of implementation in role active an play and block the in NYKS of arm extended an as act They Normally,block. every deployedin NYCtwo volunteers are employment some get can ends. NYKS they with term their that after so training development skill them provides NYKS passed. Class-X is volunteers NYCactivities. for maximumtwoyears nation-building to qualification The minimum up in Scheme,the the Under youthin NYKS. through implemented being is Scheme NYC The Rashtriya and Scheme.(NYC) (NSVS) Youth National Corps the in Sadbhavana Yojana subsumed wereScheme (RSY) Volunteer Service National namely, schemes, earlier The during country the in launched was(NYC) Youth National Corps of Scheme The departments/agencies. development various and bodies local elected governments, state of All the programmes NYKS of are implemented in close coordination with/ active involvement efforts. voluntary through work development social towards inclined also are but motivated and awaresocially only not are YuvaKendras Nehru with associated youth self-employment, The and development etc. skill rehabilitation, and relief disaster education, civic development, development, entrepreneurship rural empowerment, women issues, social on awareness conservation, environment cleanliness, and sanitation welfare, family and health education, and literacy include activities NYKS the of focus of areas The activities. nation-building in them engage to and youth the of qualities leadership and personality the develop to is Programme the of objective The Yuva(NYKs). Kendras Nehru through districts 623 in presence has NYKS world. the in organisations ( Sangathan Kendra Yuva Nehru age-group of 18-25 years 18-25 of age-group NYKS t osss f olwn schemes: following of consists It ), ), anhd n 1972 in launched 11. 10. 9. 8. oil Justice Social Inclusion engagement Youth governance and politics in Participation are engagedservevolunteersas to are ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India i oe f h ags youth largest the of one is , www.iasscore.in 2010-11. 109 Notes 110 3. 6. 5. 4. ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • Programme Leaders Young National • • • • Organisation Guiding and Scouting to Assistance • • • Hostels Youth • • • Development Adolescent and Youth for Programme National The assistance under NPYAD is provided under five major components which are: which components major five under provided NPYADis under assistance The 2008. 1, April since operational is Scheme The development. adolescent and youth for activities up taking for organisations Government non- Government/ to provided is assistance financial which under Ministry the “Umbrella of Scheme” an is (NPYAD) Development Adolescent and Youth for Programme National in December, 2014. December, in National Young Leaders (NYLP) Programme is a Central Sector Scheme and was introduced environment literacy, adult to related programmes include conservation, community service, health alia, awareness hygieneand promotion of and sanitation. inter activities, The development mental and physical girls. and boys the among balanced promote to seeks also Guiding and Scouting girls. and boys young among character, service and patriotism building at of spirit and aimed idealism confidence, movement international an is movement Guides and Scouts country.the in movement Guides and Scouts the promoting to view a Organisations, with Guiding and Scouting the to assistance financial provides Department The governments. state and central the of venture joint a is hostels youth the at of construction The youth the for accommodation good provide rates. reasonable hostels Youth etc. destinations, tourist in centres, educational value,in cultural and historical of areas in located are Youthhostels country.the of heritage cultural rich the Youth Hostels are built youthto promote travel and toenable the young people toexperience – v iv iii ii i . . . . . ehia ad eore eeomn (eerh n suis n ot issues, youth on studies and (research development seminars/workshops). documentation, resource and Technical and guidance,etc.); career counseling, education, skills adolescents (life of empowerment and Development Awards;Adventure National TenzingNorgayadventure; of Promotion youth State Inter Camps, etc.); activities, Integration multi-cultural festivals, youth programmes, (National exchange integration national of Promotion training; development personality and Youthleadership mn teyuht nbete o els hi ulptniladi h rcs, to process, the in and process. building potential nation the full to contribute their realise to them enable to youth the among qualities leadership developing at aims (NYLP) Programme Leaders Young National www.iasscore.in Notes c) b) • Development Youth of Institute National Gandhi Rajiv and ‘College Community’, and ‘Campus between linkages meaningful establish to attempts NSS viii vii vi v iv iii ii volunteers: i the among qualities/competencies following the developing at aims NSS NSS of Objectives • • • Scheme Service National ilg’ n ‘nweg ad Action’. and ‘Knowledge and Village’ ...... o rcie ainl nerto ad oil harmony. social and integration national practice and To disasters; natural and emergencies meet to capacity develop To values; democratic and qualities leadership acquire To participation; community mobilizing in skills gain To problems; community and individual responsibility; to solutions practical civic finding in knowledge their and To utilize social of sense a themselves among problem- develop in To themselves involve and community the of exercise; problems solving and needs the identify To community; their to relation in themselves understand to and work volunteers NSS the which in community the To understand NSS. the of purpose the is Service’ through ‘Education the and Gandhi is Mahatma of NSS ideals the of by motto inspired is NSS service. the of community orientation ideological voluntary The ‘self’. through before youth ‘community’ the student places the volunteer NSS of An character and personality the in introduced was (NSS) Scheme Service National Nadu, is an ‘Institute of National Importance’ under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Tamiland Youth Affairs of Sriperumbudur, Ministry the under (RGNIYD), Importance’ National Development of Youth ‘Institute an is Nadu, of Institute National Gandhi Rajiv – – – – The Programme shall have the following components: following havethe shall Programme The Scheme. Sector Central a as proposed is Young Programme National Leaders The Youth National Policy,the 2014. in ‘youth’ of definition the with line years,in 15-29 of age-group the in youth the be shall beneficiaries Programme The building. nation for energy youth immense the harness to seeks It process. development the of forefront the to them bring to and fields respective their in excellence for strive to youth the motivating at aims Programme The o o o o o National Youth Development Fund (NYDF). Youth Fund Development National (NYAC);and Council Youth Advisory National YoungAwards National (NYLA); Leaders (YFDP); Programme Development Youth for Youth Neighbourhood (NYP); Parliament Nt e Bt You”. But Me, “Not 1969 with the primary objective of developing of objective primary the with ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 111 Notes • d) c) b) a) Scheme: of Objective • • 112 National Sports National Policy 2001 Incentive Schemes for Sportspersons for Schemes Incentive Khelo India Sports • A. below. to incentives given give as to sports schemes up various take implements to also sportspersons Sports and Affairs Youth of Ministry The etc. levels, State District, Tehsil, mofussil, at Infrastructure Sports of Creation mode. PPP in by or either up Government set State new or and Government academies Central sports the existing through talent the of nurturing and Guidance competition. talent. structured of a Identification through competitions sports annual in youth of participation Mass (NSTSS). Scheme Search Talent Sports National and (USIS) Scheme Infrastructure (RGKA),Sports Abhiyan Khel Urban Gandhi Rajiv of merger after formed been has It viii vii vi v iv iii ii are: i 2001 Policy Sports National the of features sports. salient in excellence The of promotion and basing broad mainly envisages 2001 Policy, Sports National • . ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India ...... • Award Ratna Khel Gandhi Rajiv large. at public the among mindedness sports of Promotion and promotion; sports in sector corporate of Involvement youth; rural and tribes scheduled women, of participation Enhanced sports; promote to Incentives sports; to support coaching and scientific of Strengthening bodies; appropriate other and Federations Sports National to Support infrastructure; of development and Up-gradation excellence; of achievement and sports of basing Broad and development youth country. of the across areas initiatives youth outreach vital and of the in dimensions extension the besides development, youth research various in programmes building training/capacity conducting seminal encompassing in level offering engaging of graduate functions development, post multi-faceted its at with centre programmes resource academic vital a as functions institute The Development. by 2008, Resources in Human category ‘De-novo’ of under Ministry University’ be the to ‘Deemed and of 1975 Act, status Registration the Societies the conferred under was society a as 1993 in up set was RGNIYD The to enhance their general status and to give them greater dignity and honour in place society.of year the in launched was scheme The 1991-92 with the objective of honouring sportspersons honouring of objective the with www.iasscore.in Notes F. E. D. C. B. • Puruskar Protsahan Khel Rashtriya • • Trophy Azad Kalam Abul Maulana • • • Award Dronacharaya • • • Games and Sports in Achievements Time Life for Award Chand Dhyan • • • Award Arjuna • • It has four categories, namely:categories, four has It 2009. year the from Puruskar Protsahan Khel coaches and sportspersons than the recognizing to view a With three top awards. addition, cash get University. In universities the by retention for awarded also is Trophy MAKA the Trophy (MAKA) Azad Kalam Abul Maulana The 1956-57. in instituted was trophy This year.every given awardsare five than more Not lakh. five Rs. of prize cash Dronacharaya, a and dress a certificate, ceremonial Guru The awardeegivenis of a statuette international in results outstanding achieve competitions. to them enabled and teams or sportspersons awardThis in was instituted year.every givenawards are three than more Not 5 Rs. of awardlakh. cash a and dress ceremonial certificate, a statuette, a given is awardee The sports have instituted was award This year.everygiven awardsare 15 than more Not 5 Rs. of awardlakh. cash a and dress ceremonial certificate, a statuette, a given is awardee The discipline. of and a sense leadership, sportsmanship shown of qualities level only not instituted wasaward The year the outstanding performance Rs. thisscheme, 7.5lakh Under is given an as of amount award the for – – top overall performing university performing overall top with excellence for the year for which Award is recommended, but but recommended, is Award which for year the for excellence with ‘Encouragement to sports through Corporate Social Responsibility’, Social Corporate through sports to ‘Encouragement talent’, budding/young of nurturing and ‘Identification contributed to sports by their performance to by sports contributed their even after their retirement their after even in which award is to be given.be awardto which is in good performance good by a sportsperson over a in 1961. in in 2002 in

1985 consistently contribution made to sports development sports to made contribution , Government has instituted a new award titled titled award new a instituted has Government , to honour honour to from active sporting career. activesporting from . This award is given to honour those sportspersons who sportspersons those honour to given is award This . To be eligible for the Award, a sportsperson should haveshould sportsperson Award,a the for eligible Tobe in the the in for the for eminent coaches eminent , which is a rolling trophy. A small replica of replica trophy. small rolling a A is which , Inter-University Tournaments Inter-University and continue to contribute to promotion of continuepromotion and to tocontribute period of four years previous four years at the international the at years four previous ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India who havewho successfully trained

immediately preceding www.iasscore.in most spectacular and spectacular most should have also have should by entities entities by is given the given is Rashtriya other 113 Notes A. 114 Promotion of Excellence Institutions Promotion in Sports through • • (SAI) India of Authority Sports I. H. G. ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India o civ eclec i ntoa ad nentoa sports. international and national in excellence achieve to 1982. of sportspersons training for sports basingand broad for ASIAD, thecountry nodal agencyin isnow the It during of Delhi utilization in built optimum was and that maintenance infrastructure effective sports ensure the to primarily society 1984 registered year in a India of as Government the by established was (SAI) India of Authority Sports The • • • Sportspersons for Fund Welfare National Upadhay Deendayal Pandit • • Sportspersons Meritorious to Pension for Fund Sports of Scheme • • • Coaches their and Events Sports International in Winners to Awards Special • Thosesportspersons,are who in launched was scheme This equally. them among distributed is money awardthe coach, one than more is case, there In coached. sportsperson the to given money awardthe of cent Awardper is50 a coach to money tournament. the immediatelypreceding Cash awardis also givento coacheshave who at least180 days for the medalwinners trained sports eventsa in year held international recognized in medals thescheme,Under career.a as sports up take to generation younger the attract to and achievements higher for in introduced was scheme This categories. mentioned above the award of cash no is each There in trophy a and citation a of consists award The sitnei poie o hs hs mnhyicm fo l sucsi ls hn Rs. Chairperson. the as Sports than Youth and for Affairs less is Minister the with sources Committee a by all operated and managed from is fund The income annum. per 2,00,000 monthly whose those to provided is Assistance circumstances. indigent in living umpires) and coaches (referees, promoters sports for and sportspersons, of a treatment or medical circumstances,for indigentthan in for,living sportspersons other injury,of training fatal families injury during sustaining sportsperson injury competition; fatal a international an sustaining in, participation of case in families their or sportspersons Assistance from the Fund is given in the form of Sportspersons. for Fund Welfare National had won glory the in for country sports. It has been asrenamed circumstances indigent in living yesteryears, of sportspersons March, outstanding assisting in up set was sports-persons for Fund Welfare National The Scheme. this under pension life for eligible are career sports Games, Paralympics and in Olympic Games, World Cup/World Championships, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games – – ‘Sports for Development’. for ‘Sports and measures’ welfare sports and persons sports of ‘Employment special awardsspecial . have attained the age of 30 years 30 of age the attained have Indian citizens Indian 1994 1986 are given to . to encourage and motivate outstanding sportspersons outstanding motivate and encourage to and sportspersons and their coaches their and sportspersons lump sum financial assistance, ex-gratia assistance, financial sum lump havemedals won gold, bronze and silver and have and Pandit Deendayal Upadhay Deendayal Pandit . www.iasscore.in 1982 retired wt iw to view a with for fo active from winning who to Notes • • B. • • • Fund Development Sports National Scheme of Assistance for Anti-Doping Activities Scheme of for Anti-Doping Assistance • 2. WADA 1. anti-doping: of of area Board the in works Foundation institutions following the the level of national At members doping. check the to effort of concerted one ensuring became for constituted India of Government The glory. and gold (WADA) of Agency by pursuit Doping in banned Anti World method Committee/ or Olympic substance International a of of sportspersons Commission by Medical use inadvertent or deliberate the is Doping • Gwalior (LNIPE), Education Physical of Institute National Lakshmibai • o dniy rbes n tk u rsac ad eeomn suis o poiig upr to support providing for studies development and etc. and sports, research governmental in up to excellence take equipment and problems sports; supply in identify excellence to promoting to to sports; view a to in with individuals disciplines and excellence organizations sport non-governmental of relevant promotion in for be coaching may as required infrastructure and maintain and construct training to specialists; sports special and coaches sportspersons, imparting particular; in level international and national the at excellence sports achieving for specific is sportspersons and individual general and in disciplines tax sports of income promotion for used from are NSDF under available funds exemption The cent per 100 attractive, contributions. fund all on the available to contributions make To and sports of promotion for country. the Indians, in non-resident games and sector private/corporate the including to view a with Government Central the by instituted was (NSDF) Fund Development Sports National The • Laboratory Testing Dope National • • Agency Doping Anti National in University” “Deemed a to (upgraded College a India’s Independence. the first war as 1995) of in Gwalior on August year 17, 1957,the centenary of initially established was Institute The Patiala. Sports, of Institute National the Regional at its of one each and at sportspersons Centers elite for (CoE) Excellence of level. Centres up international set also and has SAI national at excellence (STC) achieve Centres to Training (SAG) SAI Games (ABSC), Area Special Company and Sports Boys Army Sports (NSTC), National namely, levels, Contest senior Talent and junior sub-junior, at schemes various operates SAI • by maintaining close association with the WADAWADAlaboratories.the and accredited with association close maintaining by subject the on research advance conducting and samples dope testing for responsible is This Sports Youthand of Affairs Ministry the under body autonomous an is (NDTL) TestingLaboratory Dope National WADA. of Code Doping Anti the with NADAcompliant are of rules Doping Anti The and coordinating, promoting, for responsible country.the in sports in programme control doping the organization monitoring national the is agency This mobilizing resources resources mobilizing from from h Gvrmn a wl a nngvrmna sources non-governmental as well as Government the ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 115 , Notes 116 ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India • • oetsig i hs iesfe n h ra fhre oe etn ad rfcec testing proficiency and testing dope horse of drugs. of area field the the in programme in diversified has it testing, dope NDTL has state-of-the-art facilities for both routine and research activities. Apart from human 2008. September in WADA achievedaccreditation NDTL www.iasscore.in Chapter

Notes b) • a) ni Ya Bo (08 Volume-II (2018) Book Year India Organisations related to Mass Communication from Chapter 22 ChapterCommunicationfrom Mass Organisations torelated • • • India for Newspapers of Registrar the of Office viii. vii. vi. v. iv. iii. ii. i. 1990 Act, Bharati Prasar the in out laid as Corporation Bharati Prasar the of objectives major The constituents. two its as Doordarshan and Radio) India (All country, the Akashvani in broadcaster with service public the is India) of Corporation (Broadcasting Bharati Prasar Bharti Prasar r a follows: as are 13 h tte Pes n India”. in “Press title under the published subsequently is report the country; the in Media Print of state the Report”, highlighting India in “Press the year every December 31st by I&B Secretary, the to submits also It the circulation establishes of and office it checks them, functions, attached derivative registers claims. an newspapers, and is of Statutory titles (RNI) its approves Under India and verifies Broadcasting. for and Newspapers Information of of Registrar Ministry the of Office The T communities. T society.T the of sections vulnerable other and aged the children, T technology. and science and welfare family and health environment, development, T information. of flow balanced and fair T T Constitution. the in enshrined values the and country the of integrity and unity the uphold To to actual users which are registered with RNI as well as Essentiality Certificates for import of import for etc. Certificates machinery, Essentiality printing as well as RNI with registered are which users actual to newsprint, of import for Certificates Eligibility issues RNI the functions, non-statutory its Under o promote research and expand broadcasting facilities and development inbroadcast technology. affairs. youth and games, and sports cultures, diverse the to coverage adequate provide o of interests the protect to steps special take to and issues women’s about awareness rural create agriculture, o literacy, of spread and education of fields the to attention special pay o a presenting and interest public of matters all on informed be to rights citizen’s safeguard o integration. national promote o pooe oil utc, aeur te ihs f wrig lse, ioiis n tribal and minorities classes, working of rights the safeguard justice, social promote o RM IFRN CHAPTERS DIFFERENT FROM ICLAEU CONTENT MISCELLANEOUS ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 117 Notes g) f) e) d) c) 118 • Bureau Information Press • Festivals Film of Directorate • • • India of Council Press • • • India of News United • • India of Trust Press • ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India 3. 2. 1. h Drcoae f im etvl ws e u i 17 wt te rm ojcie f promoting of objective prime the with 1973 categories: broad in these under activities of range a organizing by up undertaken is This cinema. good set was Festivals Film of Directorate The the from by Grants-in-Aid also and receipts other newspapers, Government. from Central comprises it that Act by the collected under functions fee its of the performance for funds own its has Council The Sahitya and India of Council Bar Commission, Akademi. Grants University i.e. country, represent the 20 legal and of members, literary bodies premier 28 and Sabha) Rajya the 2 of and Sabha representatives Lok of (3 are Parliament interest, of India, Houses readers’ two the the of overseeing eight Court and Press Supreme the the of segments been various of convention, judge by has, retired Chairman or the While sitting members. a 28 and Chairman a of comprises person. It press the well as authorities the quasi- over equal exercising functions India judicial in agencies and news maintaining the and and press newspapers of the standards of the freedom improving the preserving of objective twin the for the Parliament by mandated authority autonomous quasi-judicial statutory a is India of Council Press The decade. same the in Service and Service Graphics Photo a a and ‘UNIVARTA’1982 service since wire Hindi full-fledged a has also news It of areas vital the in competition dissemination. and of gathering spirit much-needed its the with provided and, India presence, in organisation vibrant news major a into grown has UNI decades, five past the In 1961. from effectively functioning December, in started 1956 Act, and Companies the 1959 under incorporated was (UNI) India of News United in services news its offers It 1949. from languages. functioning Hindi and began English PTI 1947, all August, to in news Founded unbiased and efficient provide to mandate a subscribers. with newspapers country’s the by India media. the in reflected as reaction people’s on Government the to feedback provides also and media the and Government the between to interface an as functions India It of Government the achievements. of and agency initiatives nodal the programmes, policies, government on is media electronic and print the (PIB) to information disseminate Bureau Information Press The T abroad. C T ’s largest news agency, Press Trust of India (PTI) is a non-profit sharing cooperative ownedcooperative sharing non-profit a is (PTI) India of agency,news Trust ’slargest Press e ainl im wrs n te aaae Pak Award. Phalke Dadasaheb the and Awards Film National he India. of Festival Film International he ultural ultural exchange and organizing programme screening films of the Indian through missions www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • Composition • • • • • Introduction h) bu NT AAYOG NITI About mmes f te no Cucl f Mnses o e oiae b te rm Minister. Prime the by nominated necessary. rank deemed be the of as in Secretariat tenure, to maximum fixed India. a be of for Ministers Government will Minister the Prime to of the Members Secretary by appointed officio of Council be Ex to is Union basis. Officer Executive the rotational Chief a of on research members be universities, 4 will leading members from time 2, Part of capacity. ex-officio maximum an in be institutions relevant will other members and organizations part-time and time Minister. Prime Full the the by to appointed be addition to in is of, which consist Vice-Chairperson will Chairperson, as framework Minister organizational Prime time full The Minister. Prime the by nominated invitees special as knowledge domain relevant with practitioners and specialists Experts, union of Chairperson. Ministers the territories. union Chief other is states, of Governors Lt. the India and all Puducherry and of Delhi viz., legislatures, of with Minister territories Ministers Prime Chief follows: the as comprises Council is Governing Aayog The of NITI the pursuit of composition joint The the in states, in and Centre the at ministries and goals. gaps various developmental plugging the progress, monitoring together by bringing implementation facilitating platform collaborative A levels government. all to expertise of strategic as well as knowledge domain offering tank think a and practices best governance good of repository as serving resources; external as well as internal of hub knowledge A federalism. cooperative national in of partners equal principle as states the of role underlying empowered an development of foundation the on built be to is This India. of Government and sector public the sphere of limited the beyond going development to approach overall holistic an a through nurturing environment, process; enabling developmental the to catalyst a be to envisaged is institution new The Commission. Planning the to successor the is Aayog NITI The • • • India of Society Film Children’s 7. 6. 5. 4. n sraig h cide’ fl mvmn al vr h cuty n abroad. and country the over all movement film and children’s the Delhi spreading New and at strengthening encouraging, by children’s films offices of promotion facilitate to is branch CFSI of mission with The Mumbai in is CFSI the of Chennai. office head The films. children’s of promotion and distribution/exhibition acquisition, production, in engaged is CFSI films. of medium the through children to Children’s Film Society India (CFSI) was established in 1955 to provide value based entertainment P S P T eil im xoiin o bhl o te oenet f India. of Government the of behalf on expositions film pecial it olcin n documentation. and collection rint abroad. festivals film international in articipation e eeto o Ida Panorama;. Indian of selection he ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 119 Notes • • • • • • Programme and Making Policy 120 The il e euse t sbi ter epcie P dtst fr eiw n vldto o te given the of validation and review for datasets NITI. KPI by respective inputs their submit to requested this be state will Each of sectors. these of objective each in (KPIs) their Indicators primary of Performance Key review to a respect The with through performance states water. by policy and crucial of implementation education the determine to healthcare, is framework of sectors development social country. and economic the critical the in in framework monitoring federalism based outcome an cooperative establishing is competitive, institution The drive will that indices represent major also three developing They produce. Performance her/his States’ Measuring Indices of markets. sale agriculture for in transparency options and and efficiency competitiveness, commerce, from benefit to and farmers for trade opportunities agri-business, doing modern of ease to respect position the with reveal and state to aim each States indicators The of index. areas. no the selected implying of score the the “0” in of value terms reforms in minimum land ranked complete been have a UTs private implying with on “100” score value forestry a maximum and carries and index reforms reforms The lease trees). land of the reforms, transit in market and reforms undertake (felling agriculture to need of the areas about key states sensitise three to index reforms friendly farmer and Index: Reforms Ministries. Friendly Central Farmer with the perspectives and State Centre the of by Advocacy agenda (ii) development and national States; the of development Joint (i) are: federalism therefore, is, cooperative of aspects key Two equals. as It together work governments state governments.and centre the that crucial state from cooperation active without to objectives government national federal the any achieve for impossible is It country. the may achieved throughout be ramifications to political ought carry that objectives several state, that federal states truly strong a In build nation. to strong India, a make in will governance good enable to and federalism cooperative of goal Federalism Cooperative Competitive UT Lakshadweep. in Suheli and ministries/departments, Cheriyam Tinnakara, Bangaram, Minicoy, central the and in Islands Nicobar developmentand Andaman in concerned holistic Andaman Little Avis,and Ross, for Long, Smith, viz., islands phase with first 10 short-listed has stakeholders, consultation other and in the administrations in etc., Aayog, energy thermal NITI ocean energy, tidal islands. energy, wind energy, non-conventional solar promoting by as diesel such sources of use energy the replace to aims also It activities. other socio-economic and gas and oil mining, under-sea eco-tourism, fisheries, shipping, trade, maritime for islands Islands: of Development Holistic all in options economy. payment the digital user-friendly of frame sectors time possible earliest the in operationalize identify and to constituted was Committee a this, enable To platform. digital the on government- transactions of citizen maximum the facilitating by life public from corruption and money black out weed payment digital Director.Promoting Mission the was as Aayog, Directorate NITI Mission CEO, A with Plan. Aayog Action NITI India at Start-up created the of part as 2016 in (SETU) Utilisation ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India tl noain Mission Innovation Atal pin i a itga pr o te oenet f ni’ srtg to strategy India’s of Government the of part integral an is options AM ws anhd usmn te efEpomn ad Talent and Self-Employment the subsuming launched was (AIM) II ao hs eeoe te is ee arclue marketing agriculture ever first the developed has Aayog NITI II ao hs ntae te rcs t dvlp identified develop to process the initiated has Aayog NITI : NITI Aayog has been constituted to actualize the important the actualize to constituted been has Aayog NITI : I 21-7 NT Ayg a udrae te rca task crucial the undertaken has Aayog NITI 2016-17, In : www.iasscore.in Notes • • • • h qaiy f elhae evcs rvdd y h sae hs en pahae b NT Aayog, NITI by spearheaded been has states the by provided services healthcare of quality the Index: Outcomes Health on Performance aaahr, uaa, P Dli n Assam. and Delhi UP, Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra state Maharashtra, Nadu, and Tamil bodies namely states, parastatal seven Bodies, covered Local programme Urban The officials. of government capacities building of objective the with 2016 Programme’ Management ‘Urban the called Cooperation programme Singapore building capacity with a Understanding launched implement Enterprise of to Memorandum bodies its local under urban Aayog realizing of NITI constraints in program. capacity improve limitations the the key to is the transformation order of urban in one of recognized, vision infrastructure widely the as However, urban citizens. basic of life of availability of City quality improhving Smart and of (AMRUT) objective Transformation the Urban with and Rejuvenation for Mission Atal - missions pro-active Bodies Local of Urban Building Capacity stakeholders. with other and index, the states with the management consultation in ministries/departments, developed water central being is concerned composite Index The a territories. union and developing states of is engagement Aayog NITI India, for Index: Management Water critical. is data learning quality high of availabilityTherefore, outcomes. the learning provide on based outcomes, is score towards SEQI the states of to cent per of innovations 60 quality. Currently state-led improve focus encourage the and improvements shift annual to continuous is for benchmarks index objective the education of of domains key vision on larger states of The quality. improvements annual report will that index composite a SEQI is (SEQI). Index Quality Education School the designed and conceptualized has Development, exercise the data. Index: towards Quality for Education School of states methods guidelines and nudge developed measures to also index, has aims the of NITI index features sector. The indicating health Welfare. the Family in and action Health transformative of Ministry with along In view of the criticality of sustainable management of water resources water of management sustainable of criticality the of view In NITI Aayog, in partnership with the Ministry of Human Resource Human of Ministry the with partnership in Aayog, NITI : The Government of India has initiated urban rejuvenation has of initiated : TheIndia Government ‘efrac o Hat Otoe’ ne t assess to index Outcomes’ Health on ‘Performance A ni Ya Bo (2018) Book Year India www.iasscore.in 121 in