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Factors Related to the Eating Behavior and Dietary Adequacy of Girls 12 to 14 Years of Age Maxine Armstrong Hinton Iowa State University

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Factors Related to the Eating Behavior and Dietary Adequacy of Girls 12 to 14 Years of Age Maxine Armstrong Hinton Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1962 Factors related to the eating behavior and dietary adequacy of girls 12 to 14 years of age Maxine Armstrong Hinton Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Home Economics Commons Recommended Citation Hinton, Maxine Armstrong, "Factors related to the eating behavior and dietary adequacy of girls 12 to 14 years of age " (1962). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2088. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2088 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 02-6496 microfilmed cxactly as received 11INTON, Maxine Armstrong, 1919— FACTORS RELATED TO THE EATING BEHAVIOR AND DIETARY ADEQUACY OF GIRLS 12 TO 14 ' YEARS OF AGE. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1962 Home Economics University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan FACTORS RELATED TO THE EATIKG BEHAVIOR AMD DIETARY ADEQUACY OF GIRLS TO 14 YEARS OF AGS r.pxine Arn.stronp Hir.ton - Dissertation 5ucrr.ittea to the C-radurte Faculty in Partial Fulfill:..ent o The Requirements l'or the Degree of DOCTC^ OF PHILOSOPHY i.pjor Subjects; Food ?r.a Lutritior- T j• ^UUiC •*> ...CuiiUiiJlO. v -s - 4 CA «uuC;^ i ^ n "*•UxJii. n V' Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of i-.plotf ;;or£. Signature was redacted for privacy. Heads of r.a jor Departments Signature was redacted for privacy. Dey of Grad ate College lovva State University Of Science end Technology Aa.es, Iowa 166 g: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION • . 1 Reasons for Study . ..... ... 1 Selection of Factors. ... .... 4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE . ................ 8 Physiological Saturation 8 Overweight. ....... 11 Activi ty . 15 _Socio-economic Status . 17 Education of the iother . 18 Psychological Adjustment. 20 Family Relationships. 23 Employment of Mother. 25 Knowledge of Nutrition. ... 25 Taste Sensitivity and Food Preferences. .'. 33 ko no tony of Diet. ................ 36 kETHOD OF PROCEDURE. 38 Experimental Design . ... ... 38 Selection of Sample 39 Collection of Data. 41 Analysis of Data 59 FINDINGS 60 Characteristics of Sample 60 Relationships of Factors Studied to Indices of Eating Behavior and Adequacy of Diet 71 DISCUSSION 103 Factors Related to Selection of an Adequate Diet. 103 Factors Not Significantly Related to Eating Behavior 112 Relationship of Eating Behavior Indices to Dietary Adequacy 116 Seasonal Variation of Eating Behavior and Dietary Adequacy 117 Implications for Educational Programs 118 SUtasdARY AND CONCLUSIONS 125 ill Page LITERATURE CITED . ..... 133 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 140 APPENDIX A . ... ... .... 141 Social Status Classification. • . 141 APPENDIX S . ..... , . 143 Questionnaire 143 APPENDIX C 149 Checc. List of Foods 149 Food Enjoyment Scale I. 151 Food Enjoyment Scale II 151 Food Experience Scale • . 152 APPENDIX D . ... ." . ... 153 Taste Test Record Form. ... 153 Concentrations of Solutions for Taste Tests . 154 APPENDIA E: VALUES INVENTORY. ... 155 APPENDIX F - 170 Food Intake Records 170 Scoring of Food Intake Records 177 APPENDIX G ]/79 Sex-role Identification Scales 179 APPENDIX H 181 Test of Nutrition Knowledge 181 APPENDIX I 189 Physical Activity Record Form 189 APPENDIX J: CORRELATION MATRICES 191 iv LA:: LIZ 3 ;Fr, . € ci'ô -L • •"!/-•J. - D»-i nv' 1î ^— ' 1 t"L .L•' v* •' • "— c •' ' * i~i n f 1 r> '' <-» •*" • • fi r . .' r« m,i •*» ••• < v . u v. k.» ;.v. •_ i « • L v - _ v . r- 1 C- 7" T T 1 1 "• 4k L. ... X V ' : C « ^ V '.. - • . • • • • n'.V) .-J • • . p »; o -• r T . P 'J i u — v_/ • V' i • Vy » •-> i w - J v» t v,.T.. _'C :• u- ucc;rrl a,?.. 5 r 4. i- 1 0 U C _ ^ ' /. U ) i. -j - 0 J. ; u CCC . , I'"' ^ 6 ."4 ' L 1 c . ctiv *:: 1 or-' . • . ? ;r . I-; ..., ; r .. 1 " - - • • ... * •C -ic' : ;/ v,' t • : u,„f • <-Ï . ,.•>• •>• * -,-i ' , ' i ;;•> , • C r 1 • t r "r y ov.' u.' c.." ne j iv r • -. v' s eve.. .. -yr n.,c . eer.rry, l.-.ol. • . du j . Ac ui. i'; 'V i.;: of ir. diet r- r y rele :: u ? c y scores -. • * v * vn ^ vi' ' i c i or I . °/;,huu-.-v ' IV _ A . _ . 1 K' X . A \ • > « . • • • po O U .L (J 1L • uioi.c..ipr v I in. :_ch'vior ir.rices, L J — V, V . L t. • V. L' < V' V 70 r l i c 1-. • ^v • -• 17-1 •-»w y .—,-vn t. V*- "— r- i"U -*tX •«/«.«; <"» ' r* * . - % , -i *' •' * •• • - ' '* r» 1" n viC •' 4 « « . V.L i O L/ k) 0 ± ••'* U —. i.. uehrvi _r ":.n dietary -'c.c.-urcy. 73 -, r, • * •- - il h ' r\' • 1 •-.> V f r ùi t: -Li** • Inturrelr tionshi:. r •-no. i..ui....cVS;;l o !.. o • f :.lz' u 1 j:.r r oie I s. .lei" Lioi.S'.V: of ;..o;.. : • n ! e:..pl-::yr.iOi'.t rnô r ; ir, or^rn Iz étions «o responsicility ;;r t r;e : iris i'or ' «""• 1 ; • , 1 C rule 14. Relationship of ;..o hors1 e:i.ployr:.cnt mci ...e;..c: rship in o :> r-n izptions to r,_e, go ci r 1 st' tus, î'ooo enjoy;:,er.t, I'c-ol experience, ertiny behavior pr.c. Cietrr; -c.equ?cy of the (-.iris. • • . 20 V Pege Tacle 15. Interrelationships among types of responsibility of girls for family meals. 93 T'aole 16. ' Relationship of responsibility for family meals to food experience, eating behavior and dietary adequacy. 94 Table 17. Relationship of family criticism to age, social status, menarcheal status, food enjoyment, food experience, eating behavior and dietary adequacy . 96 Tacle 18. Relationship of reactions to new foods to age, social status,. .food enjoyment, food experience, eeting behavior and dietary adequacy. 98 Tacle 19. Significant F ratios of the dependent variables -with the three independent variables : age, menarche and social status. « . ... 101 Tacle 20. Correlation matrix 1. 192 Tacle 21. Correlation matrix 2 193 .41 vi ur-c i. ôorvei -rio;; 5. ]./r 1 . INTRODUCTION Repsons for Study Adolescence is p period of accelerated growth end devel­ opment. At tnis period the individual is advancing, from childhood to : adulthood and is attCi-ptina to assert himself ?s a ,ILG turing individual. Early adolescence is marked .by .rspid. physic pi growth or .skeletal and soft tissues; sexuel matura­ tion; Pi id change's ir. interests, attitudes and em _;tional re­ sponses • As a result this is p period- of stress in p.: 1 as­ pects.' oi' development : 'physiological, psychological, emotional and social. To ' ti.e .nutritionist, these cha.np es. mean increased needs for energy and essential nutrients to rne^t the demands or chemical- growtn. They mean differentiation in the nutri­ tional i.ecus of bo y s a..d girls and changes in the attitudes of & a o 1... scent s to v: -r- ra 1'ooa. The f~oa practices of adolescents and youny adults have ueen of concern to many research wo rk T s in L.ar.y universities and colleges and to perso: r.el in health rp encies as v:ell as to parents, teachers, dietitians and physicians. Surveys of large numbers of children have even undertaken to obtain information on food intake and nutritional status- Some of these have included biochemical tests to determine the con­ centration oi' nutrients in blood and excreta . The dietary habits of many adolescents, particularly girls, --re not good according to current standards. Between-meal snacks often provide mainly food energy. Frequently breakfasts are omitted and the nutrients missed • re" seldom replaced by the foods eeten at other times. Some iusdecuacles often found ir. the diets of adolescent girls are calcium, due to a lov: consumption of milk, vitamin A. ei.ci -scorcic • cic, due to insufficient intakes of csrotene- ricii ci:d r scorcic acid-ric:: vegetables and -fruits. In some s tuai e's the -n-complex vi tanins, and- iron intakes are loi-.', an observation th: t ii.aic.- tes a nev:.&-' for - increasing- the intake of meat ana/or wnoie t.r,:in and enriched cereal products (40). A . s tuày . or ' tr.c . nu trient. in 1 * kr,s of I6;v? children ( 17) also focuses attention on ado 1er cent ^ iris as a group whose nutri­ tion needs special attention. Poor diets for this .roup are pr "ticulr.riy serious since g iris -: t this age are approaching tue c.'iild bearing years and their nutritional s ta te can affect the her-1th of the future generation. Stearns (50) points out thr t among teen-age ...o there there is s hi.- n incidence of com­ piler tions during pregnancy and of defective infants. She states: Trie girl who marries uuring her mid-teens is apt to be a girl poorly nourished through most of her life­ time and to oe equally ill-equipped to meet the many psychological problems inh rent in establishing a successful marriage and the net: racily. It is not surprising, therefore, tn~t she is the le-st suc­ cès si'ul mother in producing a healthy full-term infant. These young- adolescent girls greatly need counseling in nutrition and in the --hole area of preparation for successful family life. (50, p. 10 Ob ) 3 Present programs of nutrition education for the adoles­ cent girl apparently are not so effective °s they should be in helping h r to establish good food practices.
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