Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 22(1), 113Å131 (2019). POWER, POLITICS AND PERSONALITIES IN AUSTRALIAN ASTRONOMY: WILLIAM ERNEST COOKE AND THE TRIANGULATION OF THE PACIFIC BY WIRELESS TIME SIGNALS Ian Tasker University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
[email protected] Abstract: In 1916 the New South Wales Government Astronomer, Professor Ernest Cooke, proposed the triangulation of the Pacific by wireless time signals, in order to improve mapping. The world was at war, and this scientific advancement was urgently required. The State Government gave Cooke authority to proceed, but later rescinded this decision. It also prevented Cooke from attending the first International Astronomical Union (IAU) General Assembly in Rome in 1919. Although Cooke became Chairman of the Longitude Committee of the Australian National Research Council in 1922, attended the Pan-Pacific Science Association Congress in 1923, MRLQHG WKH ,$8¶V Commission 18 (Longitude by Wireless) in 1925, and continued to promote triangulation of the Pacific by wireless, the Sydney Observatory Board of Visitors, bureaucrats and politicians all continued to block him. This paper examines the interplay between Federal and State politics in international astronomy, using &RRNH¶V triangulation of the Pacific project as a case study. Keywords: Sydney Observatory, W.E. Cooke, Board of Visitors, triangulation of the Pacific, wireless time signals, State-Federal politics 1 INTRODUCTION presented the same scientific proposal that he Power, politics and personalities often are in- had put forward in 1916, although on this occas- tricately intertwined in science, allowing some ion he gained the public support of visiting inter- scientists continuing success and others contin- national peers and favourable media attention.