The Renaissance in Europe Chapters 18 - 20

Alyssa Markowski Renaissance Basics

● Began in the 14th century, 1300’s, after the Medieval Period ● Derived from the French word meaning rebirth ● People looked back on ancient Rome and Greece with admiration ● Started from turmoil ● Contained the Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance Turmoil ● The spread of the Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, started in 1347 ● As much as 40% of the population was wiped out by the plague ● The Hundred Years’ War between France and England was going on 1337-1453 ● Fall of Constantinople in 1453 Image from textbook 14 Century Art in Italy Proto Renaissance

● The 1300’s are sometimes referred to the ‘Proto Renaissance’ or pre-Renaissance ● The Proto Renaissance is the precursor to the Italian Renaissance which is often marked by the rise of humanism

Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna 1290-1300 Frescos of the Sala Dei Nove (or Sala Della Pace) By Ambrogio Lorenzetti Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy, 1338-1339 Length of wall about 46’ Virgin and the Child Enthroned Virgin and the Child Enthroned Giotto di Bondone Cimabue High altar of the church of Ognissanti, High altar of Santa Trinita, Florence, 1280 Florence, 1305-1310 Life of St. John the Baptist Andrea Pisano Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence, Italy, 1330-1336 Gilded bronze

Each panel is 19 ¼ x 17” 14th Century Art in The ‘Rest’ of Europe France

Small Ivory Chest with Scenes From Courtly Romances Paris, 1330-1350 Ivory and Iron

“The Kiss of Judas and The Annunciation” from The Hours of Jeanne D’Evreux Jean Pucelle Paris, 1324-1328 Virgin and Child Grisaille and color on vellum 1324-1339 England

Exeter Cathedral Thomas of Witney 1313-1317

East Window Robert Lesyngham 1389-1390

The Chichester-Constable Chasuble Southern England, 1330-1350 Red Velvet with silk and metallic thread and seed pearls Holy Roman Empire

“St. Hedwig of Silsesia Vesperbild (Pieta) With Duke Ludwig I of From the Middle Rhine Liegnitz-Brieg and Region Duchess Agnes” Germany, 1330 From Hedwig’s Codex 1353 Mid Review Questions

Name two of the works of art mentioned so far?

Where does the word Renaissance come from? The Northern Renaissance 15th Century Northern Europe

● Economic growth in the late 14th century lead to a wealthy middle class ● Growing interest in the natural world: birds, plants, and animals ● Used color and perspective to give depth ● Landscapes became a northern specialty ● Artists began to sign work

Image from textbook “Unicorn is Found at The Fountain” From the Hunt of the Unicorn tapestry series 1495-1505 Wool, silk, and silver- and gilt-wrapped thread Mérode Altarpiece (Triptych of the Annunciation) by the Workshop of the Master of Flémalle 1425-1430’s Virgin and Child Dieric Bouts 1455-1460 Oil on wood panel The Italian Renaissance 15th century Italy ● Humanism

○ Focus on individualistic and critical spirit

○ Emphasis on power and potential of the individual

○ Looked back on the classical past (ancient Rome) ● Contrapposto

○ Hips, shoulder, and head turned, slanting, or leaning in different directions Image from Khan Academy Dome of Florence Cathedral Filippo Brunelleschi 1420-1436 David David Donatello Andrea del Verrocchio 1446-1460 1470-1475 Florence Florence Bronze Bronze with gilded details Renaissance perspective

● A system of one-point linear perspective ● Created by 15th century Italian artists ● Everything recedes into distance at the same rate

Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter Perugino 1480-1482 Vatican, Rome End Questions

Define Humanism?

Name one piece of art from the Northern Renaissance.

Name one piece of art from the Italian Renaissance.