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NORTHERN KENTUCKY LAW REVIEW Volume 32 Symposium Issue Number 3 SECONDARY LIABILITY UNDER THE COPYRIGHT ACT ARTICLES Women in the Web of Secondary Copyright Liability and Internet Filtering Ann Bartow ............................................................................................................. 449 First Amendment Scrutiny of Expanded Secondary Liability in Copyright Ernest Miller ........................................................................................................... 507 The False Origins of the Induce Act Jason Schultz........................................................................................................... 527 NOTES The Secret’s Out: Mental Associations Matter in a Federal Dilution Claim John Dressman........................................................................................................ 569 Knorr-Bremse’s Elimination of Adverse Inferences: A First Step in Willful Infringement Litigation Reform M. Curt Lambert ..................................................................................................... 589 NORTHERN KENTUCKY LAW REVIEW NORTHERN KENTUCKY LAW REVIEW Volume 32 Symposium Issue Number 3 COPYRIGHT © NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY Cite as 32 N. KY. L. REV. (2005) Northern Kentucky Law Review is published four times during the academic year by students of Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41099. Telephone: 859/572-5444. Facsimile: 859/572-6159. Member, National Conference of Law Reviews. All sections which appear in this issue are indexed by the H.W. Wilson Company in its Index to Legal Periodicals. Northern Kentucky Law Review articles are also available on microfilm and microfiche through University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Subscription rates are $35.00 per volume, $10.00 per individual issue. If a subscriber wishes to discontinue a subscription at its expiration, notice to that effect should be sent to the Northern Kentucky Law Review office. Otherwise, it will be assumed that renewal of the subscription is desired. Please send all manuscripts to the address given above. No manuscript will be returned unless return is specifically requested by the author. To the memory of Gentry Aubrey a fellow law student at Chase who impacted us all. * NORTHERN KENTUCKY LAW REVIEW Volume 32 Symposium Issue Number 3 Editor-in-Chief JAY H. KNIGHT Executive Editor PATRICK A. HARTMAN Research Editor JILL M. SCHERFF Symposium Editor Kentucky Survey Editor BLAINE J. EDMONDS III CARRIE E. FISCHESSER Student Articles Editor Symposium Editor KRISTA M. GIESKE MICHAEL E. NITARDY Associate Editors LYNNE BERKEMEIER MATTHEW LOCKABY BRIAN OUSLEY BRAD COUNCIL JENNIFER LOOMIS BRIAN POWELL JOHN DRESSMAN AMANDA LUTTRELL AMY PUGH BRENT DYE JAY MANIRE KATHLEEN ROLLER DAVID EVANS CHRIS MARKUS MARDEE SHERMAN ALISON HATHEWAY TONY MARTINA MATT STINNETT ROB HERKING AMY MILLER-MITCHELL REGAN TIRONE MATTHEW IRBY ROBERT NEINABER KEVIN WHITMER RYAN KIRKHAM JOHN OAKLEY CARLOS WOOD MICHAEL LAMBERT STEPHANIE OGG KARI YEOMANS Faculty Advisor Faculty Advisor DAVID A. ELDER RICHARD A. BALES Technical Advisor Law Review Secretary DONALD K. KAZEE LOIS HOUCHINS SALMON P. CHASE COLLEGE OF LAW GERARD A. ST. AMAND, B.A., M.S., J.D. KELLY BEERS, B.A., J.D. Dean of the College of Law Associate Dean for Enrollment Management NANCY L. FIRAK B.S., J.D., LL.M. KAREN OGBURN, B.A., M.P.A. Associate Dean & Professor of Law Associate Dean for Administration ELAINE J. SHAFER, B.S. SHERRIE TURNER, B.S. Registrar of the College of Law Budget Coordinator ALAN THOMAS, B.A., M.B.A. DAVID H. MACKNIGHT, B.S., J.D. Coordinator of Career Development Associate Dean for Law School Advancement FACULTY RICHARD A. BALES, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law DONALD K. KAZEE, B.A., M.A., J.D. IAIN BARKSDALE, B.A., M.PHIL., M.L.S., J.D. Associate Professor of Legal Writing Associate Professor of Library Services ALBERTO LOPEZ, B.S., M.S., J.D., J.S.M. Assistant Director of Information Technology Assistant Professor of Law DONNA S. BENNETT, A.B., M.A., M.S.L.S. LJUBOMIR NACEV, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Library Services & Assistant Professor of Law Director of Administrative Support & ADRIENNE NOBLE-NACEV, B.A., J.D. User Services Visiting Professor of Law ROGER D. BILLINGS, JR., A.B., J.D. LAWRENCE ROSENTHAL, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Law Assistant Professor of Legal Writing CAROL BREDEMEYER, A.B., M.S.L.S. LOWELL F. SCHECHTER, B.A., J.D. Associate Professor of Library Services & Professor of Law Assistant Director of Reference & FREDERICK R. SCHNEIDER, B.A., J.D. Research Services Professor of Law EDWARD C. BREWER III, B.A., J.D. ROBERT L. SEAVER, A.B., J.D. Professor of Law Professor of Law Emeritus ANNETTE BURKEEN, B.A., J.D. DAVID C. SHORT, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Assistant Professor of Law Professor of Law DAVID A. ELDER, A.B., J.D., LL.M. WILLIAM SJOSTROM, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law Assistant Professor of Law CAROL FURNISH, B.A., M.L.S. PHILLIP SPARKES, B.S., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Library Services & Assistant Professor of Law & Assistant Director for Institutional & Director of Local Gov’t Law Center Outreach Services MARK M. STAVSKY, B.A., J.D., LL.M. KATHLEEN GORMLEY HUGHES, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law Assistant Professor of Law & H. L. STEPHENS, JR., B.A., J.D. CHRISTOPHER GULINELLO, B.A., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Law Assistant Professor of Law ADAM TODD, B.A., J.D. THOMAS E. HEARD, B.A., M.L.S., J.D. Visiting Assistant Professor of Legal Associate Professor of Library Services & Writing & Academic Support Associate Director of Information JOHN T. VALAURI, B.A., J.D. Technology Services & Planning Professor of Law MARTIN J. HUELSMAN, B.B.A., J.D. MICHAEL WHITEMAN, B.A., M.S.L.I.S., J.D. Professor of Law Associate Dean for Library Services & DAVIDA H. ISSACS, B.A., J.D. Information Technology and Assistant Assistant Professor of Law Professor of Law JENNIFER JOLLY-RYAN, B.A., J.D. CARYL A. YZENBAARD, A.B., J.D. Professor of Legal Writing Professor of Law SHARLENE W. LASSITER, B.A., J.D. CLAUDIA ZAHER, B.A., M.S.L.S. Professor of Law Assistant Professor of Library Services KENNETH D. KATKIN, A.B., J.D. & Assistant Director of College Associate Professor of Law Development & Acquisitions / Serials EMERITI FACULTY CAROL B. ALLRED, B.A., M.S.L.S., J.D. ROBERT M. BRATTON, A.B., M.A., J.D. C. MAXWELL DIEFENBACH, B.S.C.E., M.S., J.D. EDWARD P. GOGGIN, J.D., LL.M. W. JACK GROSSE, B.S.C., M.B.A., J.D. MARTIN J. HUELSMAN, B.B.A., J.D. WILLIAM R. JONES, B.S., M.A., J.D. KAMILLA M. MAZENAC, A.B., J.D., LL.M. ROBERT L. SEAVER, A.B., J.D. ADJUNCT FACULTY TRACEY R. ADAMS, J.D. DON MALLORY, B.A., J.D. HON. GREGORY M. BARTLETT, A.B., M.A., J.D. HON. WILLIAM L. MALLORY, B.A., J.D. ELIOT G. BASTIAN, J.D. HENRY E. MENNINGER, B.A., J.D. KELLY BEERS, B.A. J.D. THERESA MOHAN, B.A., J.D. HON. WILLIAM O. BERTELSMAN, B.S., J.D. FRANK M. MUNGO, J.D. DAVID D. BLACK, B.A., J.D. MICHAEL J. NEWMAN, B.F.A., J.D. KIMBERLY L. BROOKS, B.S., J.D. DAVID W. PECK, B.S., J.D. TRACEY A CHRISKE, B.S., J.D. T. STEPHEN PHILLIPS, A.B., LL.B. STEPHEN COHEN, B.A., J.D. MARTIN A. PINALES, B.F.A., J.D. RICHARD A. CULLISON, B.A., J.D. STEPHEN L. RICHEY, B.A., M.ED., J.D. WILLIAM M. DETERS, B.A., J.D. JEFFREY S. ROSENSTIEL, B.A., J.D. KENNETH J. DIETZ, B.S., J.D. DEBRA D. ROTHSTEIN, B.A., M.A., J.D. THOMAS C. DONNELLY, B.A., M.A., J.D. E. ROBERT SANDERS, B.A., B.S., J.D. LAURIE B. DOWELL, B.A., J.D. BRETT SCHATZ, B.S., J.D. MICHAEL DUNCAN, B.S., J.D. KIMBERLY SCHMALTZ, B.A., J.D. SUSAN ZELLER DUNN, B.S., J.D. HON. MARTIN J. SHEEHAN, B.A., J.D. SUE FERRELL, B.A., J.D. CANDACE SMITH, B.A., J.D. RANBOW FORBES, B.A., J.D. BRIAN STACK, B.S., J.D. JOHN J. FOSSETT, B.A., J.D. KAREN S. TAPP, B.S., M.S., J.D. DONALD F. FREI, B.M.E., J.D. HON. KAREN A. THOMAS, B.A., J.D. HON. PENNY GATES, B.A., J.D. BERNADINE C. TOPAZIO, B.A., M.B.A., J.D. ROBERT A. GOERING, B.A., J.D. ALEX M. TRIANTIFILOU, B.A., J.D. HON. DANIEL T. GUIDUGLI, B.A., J.D. JAY R. VAUGHN, B.S., J.D. MARK E. HOCH, B.A., J.D., LL.M. MARY WAGNER, B.S./B.A., M.S.L.I.S. WILLIAM E. HESCH, B.S., J.D. BERNICE L. WALKER, B.A., J.D. ROBERT W. HOJNOSKI, B.S., J.D. JAMES P. WALSH, B.A. M.L.I.S., J.D. THERESA HOLLAND, B.A. J.D. HON. WILLIAM J. WEHR, B.A., J.D. KEITH W. JOHNSON, B.A., J.D. HON. J. GREGORY WEHRMAN, B.A., J.D. ROBERT T. KREBS, J.D. JUSTICE DONALD C. WINTERSHEIMER, A.B., M.A., J.D. JENNIFER L. LEWIS, B.A., J.D. J. STEPHEN WIRTHLIN, JR., B.A., J.D. Special Thanks The 2005 Spring Symposium, Secondary Liability under the Copyright Act, was held on Saturday, February 5, 2005, at the Westin Hotel in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Northern Kentucky Law Review wishes to extend special thanks to its sponsors for their generous gifts in support of the Symposium. Without the continuing financial support of our sponsors, events such as the Symposium would not be possible. Sponsors of the 2005 Spring Symposium are listed below: Wood, Herron & Evans LLP Deters, Benzinger & LaVelle PSC Dinsmore & Shohl LLP Frost Brown Todd LLC Greenebaum, Doll & McDonald PLLC Taft, Stettinius & Hollister LLP NORTHERN KENTUCKY LAW REVIEW Volume 32 Symposium Issue Number 3 SECONDARY LIABILITY UNDER THE COPYRIGHT ACT ARTICLES Women in the Web of Secondary Copyright Liability and Internet Filtering Ann Bartow ............................................................................................................