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Umbra Krameri 4. В.Зенкин, Е.Рязанцева, О.Лосев „Полиморфизм мышечных эстераз и анализ популяционной структуры обыкновенной и капской ставрид шельфа западной Африки” (Биохимическая и популяционная генетика рыб), Ленинград,1979. c.94 5. В.Кирпичников “Генетика и селекция рыб”, Ленинград, 1987. pag.519 6. Л.Смирнов “Сравнительная оценка белковых спектров печени и мускулатуры рыб, птиц и млекопитающих, получаемых методом диск-электрофореза в полиакриламидном геле” (Сравнительная биохимия рыб и их гельминтов) Петрoзаводск, 1977. Pag.85 7. Л.Шарт, Ю.Илясов „О типах трансферpинов и эстераз у производителей карпа селекционируемых нa устойчивость к краснухе”, (Биохимическая и популяционная генетика рыб), Ленинград, 1979. Pag.147 TWO NEW CNIDOSPOREAN SPECIES (CNIDOSPORA: SPHAERO- SPORIDAE, MYXOBOLIDAE), PARASITES OF THE EUROPEAN MUDMIN- NOW (UMBRA KRAMERI) FROM LOWER DNIESTER RIVER Alexander Moshu, Ilya Trombitsky* Institute of Zoology, Academy of the Sciences of Moldova; *Fisheries Research Station Introduction The European mudminnow – Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792 (Esociformes: Umbridae) from the zoogeographical point of view is as a relict endemic of the Danube and Lower Dniester River basins and of the Black Sea region of Ponto-Aralo-Caspian province of Holarctic [1]. At present this freshwater fish is highly rare and figures in Lists of the Red Books of the World, Europe, Romania, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine as an especially threatened species [13]. The analysis of the collected material showed, that parasitic fauna of U.krameri is rich and diverse (about 45 species of different taxonomical groups) and is included on the whole with the common and widely-distributed species of the Dniester River and other waterbodies of the region. Among them only nine species seem to be more or less specific for this fish and pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) [28]. Conforming opinion of parasitologists [24, 26, 27, 31], parasitic fauna of the relict endemic fish are mostly not specific. However, among European mudminnow parasites we discovered, several species prove to be unknown to science [23, 28]. The description of two of them is presented below. Materials and Methods The host specimens from the lower flow of the Dniester basin (Cuciurgan res- ervoir - South-Eastern part of the Republic of Moldova; Turunciuc branch and Putrino Lake - South-Western part of Ukraine) were collected between February and March of 2000 [21]. The data was obtained through a complete parasitological investigation of 30 specimens of U.krameri resulting from different ages - 1-5 years old, sizes - 7,2 (5,5-9,5) cm length, and genders - 19 males and 11 females. In addition, 34 fish fixed in 4% formaldehyde (5.0-7.0 cm long) from the middle Danube basin (Cernica Lake - near Bucharest, Romania) in May 2003 were examined. The material was routinely processed according to standard ichthyoparasitologi- 78 cal procedures [8, 11, 22, 29, 30]. Description, measurements (in micrometers) and drawings of parasites were taken under phase-contrast optics from fresh or preserved smears in glycerine-jelly and are based upon no less than 50 spores. Infected tissues were fixed in buffered 4% neutral formaldehyde. The identified parasites were com- pared with those from slides of Sphaerospora and Myxobolus species from the Pro- tozoological Collection at the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of the Sciences of Moldova (Chisinau) and at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sci- ences (Saint-Petersburg). Results and Discussions Description of the species Phylum Cnidospora Doflein, 1901, Class Myxosporea Buetschli, 1881, Order Bivalvulida Schulman, 1959, Suborder Varrisporina Lom et Noble, 1984, Family Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917, Genus Sphaerospora Thélohan, 1892 Species Sphaerospora umbrae, sp. n. (Fig. 1) Fig. 1. Line-drawing of the Sphaerospora umbrae sp. n. spores from kidney of the European mudminnow, Umbra krameri (bar = 5 µ) Host: European mudminnow - Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792. Age: 2-5. Locality: lower flow of the Dniester basin (Cuciurgan reservoir - South-Eastern part of the Republic of Moldova; Turunciuc branch and Putrino lake - South-Western part of Ukraine), February-March 2000; middle Danube basin (Cernica lake - South- Eastern part of Romania), May 2003. Site of infestation: inside the Bowman’s capsule, in the lumens and epithelia of renal tubules, in ureteres and urinary bladder. Early presporogonic developmental stages of parasite, more often - in the blood of kidney (its head portion) and gills, rarely – in the blood of choroidal and ocular rete mirabile, spleen and peripheral vessels. Prevalence and intensity of invasion: Plasmodia and pseudoplasmodia (= pansporoblasts) - in 22 out of 30 (73,3%) examined specimens, spores - in 9 specimens (30%) only. Intensity of invasion of fish was very low (up to 14 spores in a field of view of a microscope, 7x40). Blood presporogonic stages of parasite development in all examined fish were found (kidney - 27/30, gills -23/30, rete mirabile - 4/30, spleen - 3/30, peripheral stream - 1/30). 79 Description: Vegetative stages are large round-oval or oval-elongate shaped mother plasmodia, 25.0-30.0 x 35.0-50.0 µ in size, with large-granulated endoplasm and slight distinct thin ectoplasm, which forms at the edge several short lobopodia. Within each plasmodium 4-8 rounded (8.75-17.5 µ in size) to oval (6.87-8.5 x 10.0- 12.5 µ in size) disporous pseudoplasmodia are formed. They also contain the refractive inclusions and droplets, black and yellow coloured granules. The plasmodia and pseu- doplasmodia in lumen of the renal tubules can be seen solitary or in conglomerations, arranged free or, rarely - attached by rootlike shoots of ectoplasm to the epithelia. Para- site development was asynchronous. Mature and young plasmodia, as well as pseudo- plasmodia, occurred in the same tubular portion. Moreover, the plasmodia contained spores in varying states of maturity at the same time. In vital blood samples from the kidney and the gills, but rarely in other organs, the immobile rounded multinucleate bodies were detected (6.2-10.0 µ in diameter) with granulated endoplasm, sometimes having fringed ectoplasm. These bodies, revealed often by other authors for Sphaero- spora invasion of different fish species, are considered as early proliferative stages of parasitic development [3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16]. In sutural view the mature spores are almost subspherical, with a somewhat prominent anterior end (on apex of each valve a short thickening are observed), where distinct suture bulge forms a small short knob on each valve near suture and in posterior rounded end bulge form a well visible keel. Valves are thick-walled, its surface is striated (3-4 well-distinguished longitudinal fine rows on the posterior end of each valve, which oriented, and meridionally, especial- ly well distinguished on the posterior surface of spores like as smalls ridges), which comes off in the middle of spore light (fine ridges running anteriorly). The sutural line is slightly prominent and suture margin not run out. Spores measure 6.25 (4.75-6.87) µ long, 6.2 (6.0-6.25) µ wide and 6.25 (3.75-6.87) µ thick. Each spore contains two slight distinct, oval-pyriform shapes and equally sized extrusive capsules, 1.2-2.5 µ in size, which are positioned at some distance from anterior apex of spore and opens on each side of suture margin. The extrusive filaments with 3-3.5 coils, are arranged almost parallel or 45о to the transverse axis of capsule. Extended filament is comparatively thick and measures up to 8.5-8.8 µ in length. The transversally elongate and binuclear sporoplasm occupies all remained volume of the spore. The collected material shows the presence of specific polymorphism at this spe- cies, which is expressed by a high variability of the morphometrical data of the struc- tures (vegetative forms and spores) and it depends a great deal on the maturity of the parasite and the intensity of the kidney’s invasion. The juvenile spores, unlike mature ones, are bigger, round or broadly shaped (in valvular view), with a clearly expressed and projected suture margin, with non-smooth and thicker valves, on posterior surface of which the slightly expressed knobbly was observed. Occasionally the lateral-proxi- mal surface of each shell valve of the maturing spores, opposite the sutural plane, ap- peared to have a small lateral ear-like process and on the proximal surface – surrounded by mucous envelope. On the whole, valves architectonic are more pronounced in im- mature spores. Differential diagnosis and remarks: Previously no Sphaerospora species had been reported from U.krameri. Based upon the morphometrical characteristics the spe- cies in question finds out some looking alike to S.minuta Konovalov, 1967, first de- 80 scribed from ureteres and urinary bladder of the common pike fingerlings (Penjina river - border between the Chukot and the Kamchatka, North-Eastern part of Russia) [30] and was repeatedly found by us throughout pikes in Moldova’s waterbodies (Prut and Dniester basins, 1988-1995). Moreover, S.umbrae sp. n. clearly differs from S.minuta by fish-host, the spores less oval shape, the variability of the valves ornamental pattern (not pronounced suture and their margin, less thick valves, presence of striation on the rounded posterior pole of spores), by smaller length of spores, and by the smaller extru- sive capsules and their arrangement inside the spores (Fig. 2 and Tab. l). Fig. 2. Sphaerospora minuta Konovalov, 1967 from the kidney of common pike (Esox lucius L.) from Moldova’s waterbodies (bar = 5 µ) The comparison with sphaerosporean species of Salmoniformes fish -S. rota Za- ika, 1961, S.krogiusi (Konovalov et Schulman in: Schulman, 1966), S. truttae Fischer- Scherl, El-Matbouli et Hoffmann, 1986 and S. coregoni El-Matbouli, Hoffman et Kern, 1995 [5, 6, 30, 32] has shown that discovered in U. krameri parasite is distinguished in the structure and sizes of the developmental stages, sporal and capsular shapes and di- mensions, pattern of valvular ornamentation.
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