NATI Onail CONSERVATION ST~1RATEGY

SRI LANKA NATI ONAiL CONSERVATION ST~1RATEGY DECEMBER 1988 2 - D 003020- 4,000 (11189) Central Environmental Authority 836C03z)=Tj In mmcz~ C'Ua1hi 549455/56 LwiirraflajsqiLjsav5Lb, QrTQ&IL lo.0.C1srr~aCiA .549455/56 Maligawatte New Town, Colombo 10. Telephone: 549455/56 Our Ref. 08/10/10/83 (vii) December 13, 1988 Your Excellency, SRI LANKA NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY In terms of Your Excellency's letter dated November 8, 1982 and on ihe recommendation of the Hon. R. Premadasa, Prime Minister, the following were appointed a:s Members of the Task Force for the Preparation of the National Conservation Strategy for Sri Lanka: K H J Wijayadasa, Chairman Central Environmental Autilority (Chairman) Dr R P Jayewardene, Dirctor-General Natural Resources. Energy and Science Authority Dr Hiran Jayewardene, Chairman National Aquatic Resources Agency Lyn de Alwis, Director Department of Wilclife Conservation V R Nanayakkara, Conservator of Forests Forest Derartment Dr Lloyd Fernando, Director, National Planning Ministry of Finance and Planning Dr Walter Fernando, Director Department of Agriculture S R Amara.,inghe, Director Coast Conservation Department T W Hoffman Wildlife and Nature Protection Society and W D Ailapperuma, Direclo4 -General Central Environmental Authority (Secretary) The appointment of the Task Force was subsequently approved by the Cabinet of Ministers at its Meeting held on November 10, 1982. The Task Force regrets the delay in submitting its eport. This was necessitated by the complexities of bringing together a large number of disciplines for the ptipose of integrating developmert and conservation, in wo"ding towa:x-ds tho goal of sustainable utilization of the natural resources of the country. In order to give effect to this holistic approach of development, the Task Force pursued t ,e methodology ou,.ined below: (i) calling for the views of the public, en conservatioa and develop ment issues, through press notices; (ii) identification of twenty-seven sectors for the preparation of in depth background papers by specialists in the relevant fields (Annexure 1); reviewing the sta.e of each sector; analysing the obstacles to sustainable development; identifying the inter-sec toral linkages that determine conservation and proposing ways and means of bring.,g about conservation-oriented, development; (iii) appointment of an Edkorial Board (Annexure 2) to review the background papers and to assess the extent to which the proposals could be accepted and recommended as practical ways of achiev ing conservation-oriented development; ii (iv) appointment of a Chief Editor and a Consultant for the purpose of developing the Strategy; and (v) reviewing the central document at meetings of the Editorial Board to which specialists from different disciplines have been invited as and when necessary. The Editorial Board has held over ninety meetings inthe preparation of the Strategy. The background papers will be submitted to Your Excel lency, as ?art II of the Strategy, as early as possible. The Task Farce has the honour to submit for Your Excellency's con struction, tie Sri Lanka National Conservation Strategy. Forty-five copies of the Report are submitted to enable the Strategy to be tabled at the Cabinet of Ministers. We remain, Yours faithfully, TASK FORCE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THF SRI LANKA NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (Sgd.) K H J Wijayadasa (Sgd.) Dr Lloyd Fernando (Chairman) (Sgd.) Dr Walter Fernando (Sgd.) Dr R P Jayewardene (Sgd.) S R Amarasinghe (Sgd.) Dr Hiran Jayewardene (Sgd.) T W Hoffmann (Sgd.) Lyn de Alwis (Sgd.) W D Ailapperuma (Sgd.) V R Nanayakkara (Secretary) His Excellency J R Jayewardene President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Presidential Secretariat Colombo I iii Annexure 1 SRI LANKA NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY Sector Paper Authors 1. Agricultural Development Dr Walter Abeygunawardena and Natural Resource Former Deputy Director of Conservation with Special Agriculture Reference to Sustained Production of Annual Crops 2. Air, Soil and Water Mr E E JeyaRaj Director, Environmental Protection Central Environmentat Authority 3. Alternative Systems of Land Dr G W E Fernando Use for Chena Lands Director of Agriculture Dr S Somasiii Head, Land Water Use Division Department of Agriculture Dr M Sikurajapathy Deputy Director Department of Agriculture 4. Coastal and Marine Mrs D Sadacharm Systems Deputy Manager, Planning Coast Conservation Department 5. Cultural Resources Mr Pandula Endagama Assistant in Anthropology National Museums Department 6. Development Issues Prof A D V de S Indraratna Director, Research & Planning University Grants Commission v 7. Energy Mr GB A Fernando Director, Energy Planning Ministry of Power and Energy 8. Environmental Education Dr S W Kotagama Lecturer Open University 9. Forestry M- M Pushparajah Driector Forest Resources Development Project 10. Genetic Resources Prof W E Ratnayake Head, Department of Zoology University of Sri Jayewardenepura Dr S D G Jayewardena Botanist Central Agricultural Research Institute Dr KVivekanandan Chief Research Officer Forest Department Dr R Jayasekeia Head, Human Genetics Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo 11. Health Prof GP Samarawickrema Vice Chancellor University of Ruhuna 12. Human Settlements Dr Percy Silva Director Land Use Policy Planning Division Ministry of Lands and Land Development 13. Industries Mr M S Wijeratne Director Ceylon Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research vi 14. Land Utilization Mr S Dimantha Head, Land Use Division Irrigation Department 15. Living Aquatic Mr Anton R Atapattu Resources Director, Fisheries (Marine) MiiListry of Fisheries 16. Livestock Production Prof A S B Rajaguru Head, Department of Animal Science University of Peradeniya 17. Mineral Resources Mr D E de S Jayawardena Director Geological Survey Department 18. Minor Export Crops Dr S T W Kirinde Director Department of Minor Export Crops 19. Natural Forests Dr C V S Gunatillake and Dr I A U N Gunatillake Senior Lecturers Department of Botany University of Peadeniya 20. Natwral Hazard, Dr M U A Tennakoon Director, Rural Banking and Staff Training Central Bank of Sri Lanka 21. 1hysical Setting Prof G HPeiris Department of Geography University of Peradeniya 22. Plantation Agriculture Dr R L de Silva Director-General Sri Lanka Tea Board 23. Population Mr V KNanayakkara Director, Secretariat Central Environmental Authority vii 24. Soils Prof M W M Thenabadu Head Department of Soil Chemistry University of Peradeniya 25. Tourism Mr Renton de Alwis Director Ceylon Tourist Board 26. Water Resources Mr M W P Wijesinghe Consultant Engineer Water Resources and Ground Water Exploration 27. Wildlife Mr Lyn de Alwis Director Department of Wildlife Conservation Mr T W Hoffmann Wildlife and Nature Protection Society viii Annexure 2 MEMBERS OF THE NCS EDITORIAL BOARD K H J Wijayadasa Chairman, Central Environmental Authority (as Chairman) Dr R P Jayewardene Chairman, Natural Resources, Science and Energy Authority Dr Hiran Jayewardene Chairman, National Aquatic Resources Agency Lyn de Alwis Director of Department of Wildlife Conservation (ChiefEditor) Mr V R Nanayakkara Conservator of Forests Dr Lloyd Fernando Director, National Planning Mr S R Amarasinghe Director, Coast Conservation Department Dr Walter Fernando Director of Agriculture T W Hoffman Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lankg W D Ailapperuma (as Secretary) Director-General, Central Environmental Authority Mr N B F Bhareti Additional Director, National Planning Mr I D T de Mel Chairman, Parantham Chemicals Corporation Former Director of Meteorology ix Prof A D Vde S Indraratna Director, Research and Planning University Grants Commission Mr M S Wijeratne Former Director, Ceylon Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (Consultant) Mr R A Wijewansa Director, Environmental Management, Central Environmental Authority (Coordinating Editor) The following also served on the Editorial Board: Prof B AAbeywickrema Emeritus Professor, University of Colombo Dr S T Senewiratne Former Profesor of Agriculture, University of Ceylon Dr G H P De Bruin Former Research Officer, Department of Fisheries Mr D M Femando Former Head, Plant Breeding Department, Rubber Research Institute Dr F N Ponnamperuma Consultant, Janatha Estates Development Board Prof T EJ de Fonseka Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo Mr A D S Gunawardena Deputy Director, Hydraulics, Irrigation Department x TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement xiii Preface xv Chapter 1 - Introduction 1 Part I Environmental Profile Chapter 2 - Physical Characteristics of the Country - 7 Chapter 3 - Demographic Characteristics - 14 Chapter 4 - Non-renewable Resources - 17 Chapter 5 - Renewable Resources - 22 Part 11 Management of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development Chapter 6 Forests - 35 Chapter 7 - Wildlife - 44 Chapter 8 - Genetic Resources 47 Chapter9 - Coastal Zone Resource Systems 50 Part III Human Activities Involving the Environment Chapter 10 - Land Use - 59 Chapter 11 - Human Settlements - 61 Chapter 12 - Housing - 65 Chapter 13 - Agricultural Systems 70 Chapter 14 - Fisheries - 87 Chapter 15 - Energy - 92 Chapter 16 - Industries 97 Chapter 17 - Cultural Resources 104 xi Part IV Constraints to Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development Chapter 18 - Constraints to Conservation 109 Part V The Strategy Chapter 19 - Removal of Constraints to Conservation - - 119 Chapter 20 - Plan of Action - - 124 Part VI Implementation Chapter 21 - Implementation of the Strategy - 151 Appendices I - Sector Papers

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