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Boulder Orthopedics Physical Therapy & Sports Medicine 1000 Alpine Ave., Suite 211 • Boulder, CO 80304 • Phone 303.417.1277 BOULDER HIP REHABILITATION EXERCISES - PHASE 1 orthopedics Please perform your rehabilitation exercises under the guidance of your physician or your personal physical therapist. Isometric Quad Set Pull toes toward knee, tense muscles on front of thigh and simultaneously squeeze buttocks. Keep leg and buttock flat on floor. Hold 5 seconds. Repeat 3 to 5 times per session. Ankle Circles Slowly rotate the foot and ankle clockwise and counterclockwise. Do 10 rotations in each direction per set. Straight Leg Raise (Supine) Tighten muscles on front of thigh, then lift leg, keeping knee straight. Keep the hips stable and grounded, do not let the pelvis lift or tilt with the leg movement. Repeat 10 times per set. Do 2 sets per session. © Copyright 2007 Page 1 Phase 1 Heel Slide Slide heel toward buttocks until a gentle stretch is felt. Repeat 10 times per set. Do 2 sets per session. Heel Raise (Sitting) Raise heels, keeping toes on floor. Repeat 10 times per set. Do 2 sets per session. Isometric Gluteals Tighten buttock muscles. Hold 5 seconds. Repeat 3 to 5 times per session. Terminal Knee Extension With knee over bolster, straighten knee by tightening muscles on top of thigh. Hold momentarily, and then slowly return to start position. Keep bottom of knee on bolster. Repeat 10 times per set. Do 2 sets per session. Hip Abduction / Adduction with Extended Knee (Supine) Bring leg out to side and return. Keep knee straight. Do not cross midline. Repeat 10 times per set. Do 2 sets per session. © Copyright 2007 Page 2.

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Rethinking the Evolution of the Human Foot: Insights from Experimental Research Nicholas B
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174425. doi:10.1242/jeb.174425 REVIEW Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research Nicholas B. Holowka* and Daniel E. Lieberman* ABSTRACT presumably owing to their lack of arches and mobile midfoot joints Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long for enhanced prehensility in arboreal locomotion (see Glossary; fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences Fig. 1B) (DeSilva, 2010; Elftman and Manter, 1935a). Other studies between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great have documented how great apes use their long toes, opposable apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe halluces and mobile ankles for grasping arboreal supports (DeSilva, length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to 2009; Holowka et al., 2017a; Morton, 1924). These observations dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal underlie what has become a consensus model of human foot walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent evolution: that selection for bipedal walking came at the expense of biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental arboreal locomotor capabilities, resulting in a dichotomy between investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple human and great ape foot anatomy and function. According to this dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the way of thinking, anatomical features of the foot characteristic of biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in great apes are assumed to represent adaptations for arboreal the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some behavior, and those unique to humans are assumed to be related underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as to bipedal walking.
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