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The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications
animals Review The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications Matilde Lombardero 1,*,† , Mario López-Lombardero 2,†, Diana Alonso-Peñarando 3,4 and María del Mar Yllera 1 1 Unit of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo—University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 2 Engineering Polytechnic School of Gijón, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijón, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo—University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Veterinary Clinic Villaluenga, calle Centro n◦ 2, Villaluenga de la Sagra, 45520 Toledo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-982-822-333 † Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript. Simple Summary: The small size of the feline mandible makes its manipulation difficult when fixing dislocations of the temporomandibular joint or mandibular fractures. In both cases, non-invasive techniques should be considered first. When not possible, fracture repair with internal fixation using bone plates would be the best option. Simple jaw fractures should be repaired first, and caudal to rostral. In addition, a ventral approach makes the bone fragments exposure and its manipulation easier. However, the cat mandible has little space to safely place the bone plate screws without damaging the tooth roots and/or the mandibular blood and nervous supply. As a consequence, we propose a conceptual model of a mandibular prosthesis that would provide biomechanical Citation: Lombardero, M.; stabilization, avoiding any unintended (iatrogenic) damage to those structures. -
Rethinking the Evolution of the Human Foot: Insights from Experimental Research Nicholas B
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174425. doi:10.1242/jeb.174425 REVIEW Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research Nicholas B. Holowka* and Daniel E. Lieberman* ABSTRACT presumably owing to their lack of arches and mobile midfoot joints Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long for enhanced prehensility in arboreal locomotion (see Glossary; fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences Fig. 1B) (DeSilva, 2010; Elftman and Manter, 1935a). Other studies between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great have documented how great apes use their long toes, opposable apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe halluces and mobile ankles for grasping arboreal supports (DeSilva, length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to 2009; Holowka et al., 2017a; Morton, 1924). These observations dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal underlie what has become a consensus model of human foot walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent evolution: that selection for bipedal walking came at the expense of biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental arboreal locomotor capabilities, resulting in a dichotomy between investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple human and great ape foot anatomy and function. According to this dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the way of thinking, anatomical features of the foot characteristic of biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in great apes are assumed to represent adaptations for arboreal the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some behavior, and those unique to humans are assumed to be related underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as to bipedal walking. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
Analyses of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries in Frontal Impacts
IRC-13-17 Analyses of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries in Frontal IRCOBIImpacts Conference 2013 Thorsten Adolph, Marcus Wisch, Andre Eggers, Heiko Johannsen, Richard Cuerden, Jolyon Carroll, David Hynd, Ulrich Sander Abstract In general the passive safety capability is much greater in newer versus older cars due to the stiff compartment preventing intrusion in severe collisions. However, the stiffer structure which increases the deceleration can lead to a change in injury patterns. In order to analyse possible injury mechanisms for thoracic and lumbar spine injuries, data from the German In‐Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) were used in this study. A two‐step approach of statistical and case‐by‐case analysis was applied for this investigation. In total 4,289 collisions were selected involving 8,844 vehicles, 5,765 injured persons and 9,468 coded injuries. Thoracic and lumbar spine injuries such as burst, compression or dislocation fractures as well as soft tissue injuries were found to occur in frontal impacts even without intrusion to the passenger compartment. If a MAIS 2+ injury occurred, in 15% of the cases a thoracic and/or lumbar spine injury is included. Considering AIS 2+ thoracic and lumbar spine, most injuries were fractures and occurred in the lumbar spine area. From the case by case analyses it can be concluded that lumbar spine fractures occur in accidents without the engagement of longitudinals, lateral loading to the occupant and/or very severe accidents with MAIS being much higher than the spine AIS. Keywords accident analysis, injuries, frontal impact, lumbar spine, thoracic spine I. INTRODUCTION With the introduction of lap belts a new injury pattern, the so called seat belt syndrome, was observed [1]. -
Most Americans Suffer from Foot Pain
NewsWorthy Analysis Page 1 of 8 NewsWorthy Analysis Foot Ailments Survey January 2009 Down At Their Heels Heel Pain Tops America’s List Of Persistent Foot Ailments The American Podiatric Medical Association recently conducted a national study which investigated how frequently Americans suffer from foot ailments, specifically heel pain. There were 1,082 survey respondents, a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Of these respondents, 818 had experienced at least one foot ailment within the last year, with 429 Americans reporting heel pain. This study was conducted at a 95% confidence interval with 3% margin of error. From standing for several hours each day to wearing ill-fitting shoes, exertion and discomfort take a serious toll on American feet. For many, the pain is serious enough to inhibit daily activities. Yet when problems arise, getting proper foot care is not the first thing on most American minds. A new survey by the American Podiatric Medical Association shows that this combination of bad habits and a reliance on quick fixes may be contributing to the nation’s foot woes. With heel pain as the most common complaint among those who suffer foot ailments, few people who have experienced it have taken the time to get their condition diagnosed. Furthermore, heel pain sufferers tend to consult sources other than podiatrists, instead of seeking appropriate professional care. 1) FOOTSORE NATION With a range of widespread and sometimes self-inflicted conditions, Americans’ foot problems can get in the way of their daily lives – heel pain in particular can exact such a toll. -
Anterior and Posterior Tooth Arrangement Manual
Anterior & Posterior Tooth Arrangement Manual Suggested procedures for the arrangement and articulation of Dentsply Sirona Anterior and Posterior Teeth Contains guidelines for use, a glossary of key terms and suggested arrangement and articulation procedures Table of Contents Pages Anterior Teeth .........................................................................................................2-8 Lingualized Teeth ................................................................................................9-14 0° Posterior Teeth .............................................................................................15-17 10° Posterior Teeth ...........................................................................................18-20 20° Posterior Teeth ...........................................................................................21-22 22° Posterior Teeth ..........................................................................................23-24 30° Posterior Teeth .........................................................................................25-27 33° Posterior Teeth ..........................................................................................28-29 40° Posterior Teeth ..........................................................................................30-31 Appendix ..............................................................................................................32-38 1 Factors to consider in the Aesthetic Arrangement of Dentsply Sirona Anterior Teeth Natural antero-posterior -
Self Range of Motion Exercises for Arm and Hand
Self-Range of Motion Exercises for the Arm and Hand After a stroke, it is important to do the exercises in this handout for your affected arm and hand. You can do them on your own by using your unaffected arm and hand. These gentle movements are called “self-range of motion” exercises, and they help to maintain your movement, prevent stiffness, improve blood flow, and increase awareness of your affected arm and hand. Complete the exercises slowly and do not force movements. Stop if you feel pain. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact your Occupational Therapist: _______________________________ Do the exercises in this handout _____ times each day. Page - 1 Self-range of motion exercises for the arm and hand 1. Shoulder: Forward Arm Lift Interlock your fingers, or hold your wrist. With your elbows straight and thumbs facing the ceiling, lift your arms to shoulder height. Slowly lower your arms to starting position. Hold for ____ seconds. Repeat ____ times. Page - 2 Self-range of motion exercises for the arm and hand 2. Shoulder: “Rock the Baby” Stretch Hold your affected arm by supporting the elbow, forearm and wrist (as if cradling a baby). Slowly move your arms to the side, away from your body, lifting to shoulder height. Repeat this motion in the other direction. Slowly rock your arms side-to-side, and keep your body from turning. Repeat ____ times. Page - 3 Self-range of motion exercises for the arm and hand 3. Shoulder: Rotation Stretch Interlock your fingers, or hold your wrist. With your elbows bent at 90 degrees, keep your affected arm at your side. -
The Role of FDG PET/CT in Detection of Distant Metastasis in the Initial Staging of Breast Cancer
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Turk J Med Sci (2016) 46: 349-360 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/sag-1409-1 The role of FDG PET/CT in detection of distant metastasis in the initial staging of breast cancer 1 1 1 1 1 Anar ALIYEV , Sabire YILMAZ AKSOY , Meftune ÖZHAN , Özgül EKMEKÇİOĞLU , Betül VATANKULU , 2 1 3 1 1, Pınar Çiğdem KOCAEL , Muhammet Sait SAĞER , Melih Engin ERKAN , Kerim SÖNMEZOĞLU , Metin HALAÇ * 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey 2 Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey Received: 02.09.2014 Accepted/Published Online: 30.06.2015 Final Version: 17.02.2016 Background/aim: We aimed to evaluate the role of FDG PET/CT in the detection of extraaxillary regional nodal/distant metastasis in breast cancer patients and to assess the value of FDG PET/CT for detecting distant metastases in patient subgroups. Materials and methods: A total of 254 patients with breast cancer (248 female, 6 male) who underwent PET/CT for initial staging were enrolled. Patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 consisted of 154 patients diagnosed by tru-cut/core/FNAB, Group 2 comprised 32 patients diagnosed by excisional biopsy, Group 3 included 62 patients who had mastectomy-axillary lymph node dissection, and Group 4 consisted of 6 patients who had axillary lymph node metastasis diagnosed by excisional biopsy. Results: PET/CT detected distant metastasis in 76 of the 254 patients. -
Post Op Knee Exercises
POST OP KNEE EXERCISES Ankle Pumps and Circles - Day of Surgery Bend both your ankles up, pulling your toes toward you, then bend both your ankles down, pointing your toes away from you. In addition, rotate each foot clockwise and counterclockwise, keeping your toes pointed toward the ceiling. Thigh Squeezes (Quadriceps Sets) Tighten the muscles on the front of your thigh by pushing the back of your knee down into the bed. Hold for 5 seconds and relax. Repeat with opposite leg. You may place a rolled towel under the heel to regain full knee extension Heel slides (Hip and Knee Flexion) Bend your hip and knee by sliding your heel up toward your buttocks while keeping your heel on the bed. Slide your heel back down to the starting position. Keep your kneecap pointed up toward the ceiling during the exercise. You may want to use a plastic bag under your heel to help it slide easier. Repeat with opposite leg. Leg Slides (Abduction/Adduction) Slide your leg out to the side, keeping your kneecap pointed up toward the ceiling. Slide your leg back to return to the starting position. You may want to use a plastic bag under your heel to help it slide easier. Repeat with opposite leg. Paragon Orthopedic Center 702 SW Ramsey, Suite #112 Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-472-0603 Fax 541-472-0609 Revised March 2020 Page 1 of 3 POST OP KNEE EXERCISES Lying Kicks (Short Arc Quadriceps) Lie on your back with a padded 3-pound coffee can or rolled blanket under your knee. -
The Role of Plantigrady and Heel-Strike in the Mechanics and Energetics of Human Walking with Implications for the Evolution of the Human Foot James T
© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2016) 219, 3729-3737 doi:10.1242/jeb.138610 RESEARCH ARTICLE The role of plantigrady and heel-strike in the mechanics and energetics of human walking with implications for the evolution of the human foot James T. Webber* and David A. Raichlen ABSTRACT mid- or forefoot contact. Given the importance of limb length to Human bipedal locomotion is characterized by a habitual heel-strike cursorial mammals, it is uncertain why humans use a plantigrade (HS) plantigrade gait, yet the significance of walking foot-posture is foot posture with a consistent HS during walking (Cunningham not well understood. To date, researchers have not fully investigated et al., 2010). the costs of non-heel-strike (NHS) walking. Therefore, we examined A popular hypothesis is that the human HS gait evolved to reduce walking speed, walk-to-run transition speed, estimated locomotor the energy costs of walking (Cunningham et al., 2010; Usherwood costs (lower limb muscle volume activated during walking), impact et al., 2012). This hypothesis is supported by studies showing transient (rapid increase in ground force at touchdown) and effective subjects had relatively high energy costs of locomotion (COL) when limb length (ELL) in subjects (n=14) who walked at self-selected asked to walk with digitigrade foot postures compared with typical speeds using HS and NHS gaits. HS walking increases ELL plantigrade HS walking (Cunningham et al., 2010). Yet, human compared with NHS walking since the center of pressure translates lower limb anatomy is not adapted for full digitigrady and it is anteriorly from heel touchdown to toe-off. -
Building a Basic Lap Steel Guitar by Friger on January 16, 2011
Home Sign Up! Browse Community Submit All Art Craft Food Games Green Home Kids Life Music Offbeat Outdoors Pets Photo Ride Science Tech Building a basic lap steel guitar by friger on January 16, 2011 Table of Contents Building a basic lap steel guitar . 1 Intro: Building a basic lap steel guitar . 2 Step 1: Got wood? . 3 Step 2: Squaring things up . 4 Step 3: Laying out the head stock . 4 Step 4: Making the cut . 5 Step 5: Transition time . 7 Step 6: The head shape . 7 Step 7: Don't fret the small things . 8 Step 8: Time to pick it up a bit . 11 Step 9: Dealing with cavities . 12 Step 10: Control freak . 13 Step 11: The cover up . 14 Step 12: And sometimes "bleep" happens. 15 Step 13: Let's get wired . 15 Step 14: Getting a bit of bridge work . 16 Step 15: Boom! Head shot . 19 Step 16: The finish . 20 Step 17: And we are done. 22 Related Instructables . 24 Comments . 24 http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-basic-lap-steel-guitar/ Author:friger I live on the east coast of Canada. I have been tinkering and building things all my life and still manage to learn something new and exciting every day. Intro: Building a basic lap steel guitar In this, my first Instructable, I will attempt to chronicle the construction of a simple Lap Steel guitar. Disclaimer; power tools and sharp cutting tools will be used and I take no responsibility for people who use these things carelessly, read and understand manufacture's instructions and safety guidelines for their proper and safe use. -
Section 3 Types of Weight Loss Surgery
Northern California Bariatric Programs Section 3 Types of Weight Loss Surgery Bariatric Contact Information Fremont Medical Center 39400 Paseo Padre Parkway Niles Building, 1st Floor Fremont, CA 94538 Appts/Advice: (510) 248-3335 Page 1 Northern California Bariatric Programs Types of Weight Loss Surgery Open and Laparoscopic Procedures Anatomy of the Stomach and Intestines Roux en Y Gastric Bypass Anatomy Surgical Procedure and Hospital Stay Weight Loss Short Term Side Effects and Complications Long Term Side Effects and Complications Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Anatomy Surgical Procedure and Hospital Stay Weight Loss Short Term Side Effects and Complications Long Term Side Effects and Complications Adjustable Gastric Banding Surgical Procedure and Hospital Stay Weight Loss Short Term Side Effects and Complications Adjustments and Fills The Green Zone Long Term Side Effects and Complications Comparison of the Different Operations Goals and Preparation Before Surgery Who is the ideal candidate for surgery? Why do you need to lose weight BEFORE surgery? How do you lose weight BEFORE surgery? Hospitalization Life After Surgery Summary and Key Points Page 2 Northern California Bariatric Programs TYPES OF WEIGHT LOSS SURGERY The different types of Weight Loss Surgery Surgical procedures for the treatment of obesity can be divided into three general categories. 1. Malabsorptive procedures 2. Restrictive procedures 3. Combined malabsorptive/restrictive procedures In the mid-1970’s malabsorptive procedures such as the jejuno-ileal bypass procedures were popularized for the treatment of obesity. By 1983 it was recognized that complications associated with this bypass were too frequent and too severe. The procedure was, therefore, abandoned and no longer recommended.