DOCSLIB.ORG

C O N F E R E N C E 11 5 December 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
C O N F E R E N C E 11 5 December 2018 Joint Pathology Center Veterinary Pathology Services WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2018-2019 C o n f e r e n c e 11 5 December 2018 Conference Moderator: Charles W. Bradley, VMD, DACVP Assistant Professor, Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine 4005 MJR-VHUP 3900 Delancey Street Philadelphia, PA, 19104 CASE I: P15/141 JPC 4066260) macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils (exocytosis), and rare, multifocal, discrete, Signalment: 2.5-year-old, Aubrac bull, Bos shrunken, hypereosinophilic keratinocytes taurus with pyknotic nuclei (apoptosis). The superficial dermis and a variable part of the History: The bull presented to Veterinary adjacent deep dermis are markedly and Teaching Hospital with history of chronic diffusely expanded by a moderate, skin lesions of unknown reason. coalescing, perivascular, and nodular to diffuse infiltration of macrophages, plasma Gross Pathology: Multifocal areas of cells, lymphocytes, eosinophilic alopecia granulocytes and to a locally variable extent also neutrophilic granulocytes, as well as a Laboratory results: PCR positive for B. low to moderate, coalescing amount of besnoiti, ELISA positive for B. besnoiti bundles of fibroblasts and fibrocytes within a collagenous stroma (fibrosis). There is a Microscopic Description: marked coalescing to diffuse loss of Haired skin. The epidermis displays low to moderate, diffuse, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, moderate, diffuse, epidermal hyperplasia characterized by acanthosis and irregular rete ridge formation, rare, multifocal, individual, intraepidermal 1 Haired skin, ox. The dermis is diffusely expanded by numerous apicomplexan tissue cysts ranging from 200- 400um. (HE, 5X) follicular and adnexal structures (alopecia). disease in the central and northern part of Within the superficial and upper deep Europe.1,5,7,8 In endemic areas dermis are numerous round protozoal cysts seroprevalence rates are ~ 50% whereas the characterized by a diameter of ~ 250 µm, a ~ incidence of clinical cases of 1-10% per 12 µm thick, distinctly bordered, pale year, as well as the mortality rate of less eosinophilic, hyaline outer capsule, a than 1% are obviously low. Prevalence and subcapsular ~ 10 µm thick ring of incidence may be higher in areas where the eosinophilic cytoplasm containing multiple disease is emerging.1,11 fusiform nuclei, and a central round vacuole containing myriads of densely packed, ~ 4 B. besnoiti is commonly believed to have a µm in diameter, distinctly bordered, heteroxenous life cycle, however until today crescent-shaped bradyzoites with pale only homoxenous transmission from eosinophilic cytoplasm and a central, intermediate to intermediate host has been hyperchromatic nucleus. The dermal shown experimentally. The most important collagenous stroma, adjacent to the cysts intermediate host are cattle, but wildebeest, show a mild, laminar zone of shrinkage and kudu and impala are also affected.11 The hypereosinophilia (compression atrophy). epidemiological importance of wild ruminants in northern Europe is currently Contributor’s Morphologic Diagnoses: unknown. Although roe deer and red deer Haired skin. Dermatitis nodular to diffuse, can be seropositive in areas of endemic granulomatous and eosinophilic, chronic, bovine besnoitiosis, the strong cross coalescing, moderate with numerous reactivity of B. besnoiti, B. tarandi and B. intradermal, intracellular, apicomplexan bennetti prevents differentiation of these cysts (etiology consistent with Besnoitia species employing serological methods.6 besnoiti), adjacent laminar compression Although many authors have suggested that atrophy, dermal fibrosis, alopecia, epidermal the final host of B. besnoiti could be the hyperplasia and orthokeratotic domestic cat or wild carnivores, attempts to hyperkeratosis. proof this hypothesis have been unsuccessful so far.10 Therefore the final Contributor’s Comment: Etiology: The host of B. besnoiti remains currently apicomplexan protozoan parasite Besnoitia unknown, as is true for most other species of besnoiti (B. besnoiti; Family: Sarcocystidae) the genus Besnoitia (Table 1). is the etiologic agent of bovine besnoitiosis (Synonyms: bovine cutaneous globidiosis, Whether transmission from the currently bovine cutaneous sarcosporidiosis, elephant unknown definitive host to the intermediate skin disease of cattle) and has been host occurs in via oocytes shed in the feces described first by Cadéac in 1884.1 The remains unknown. In contrast, horizontal closely related Besnoitia species B. caprae, mechanical transfer between intermediate B. bennetti and B. tarandi induce a hosts by blood-sucking insects including comparable disease mainly in goats, equids tsetse flies (Glossina brevipalpis), tabanids and wild ruminants, respectively (Table 1).11 (Tabanocella denticornis, Atylotus nigromaculatus, Haematopota albihirta), Besnoitiosis is an endemic disease in the mosquitoes (Culex simpsoni, Culex spp.) southern part of Europe, the subtropical and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) has areas of Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, but been experimentally proven and is suggested has also been reported as an emerging to be an important mode of transmission.5 2 Furthermore, transmission by other dermis and submucosa, as well as various arthropods, iatrogenic transfer and direct other tissues.8 A detailed description of the contact including sexual transfer are sequential steps of tissue cyst formation can possible other routes of transmission.1 be found in Langenmayer et al. (2015).8 Rapid asexual intracellular proliferation of The clinical disease can be subdivided into B. besnoiti tachyzoites occurs mainly within two phases. The acute phase (“anasarca the intermediate host´s endothelial cells phase”) of bovine besnoitiosis occurs 11-13 during the acute phase after the first days after infection and lasts for 6-10 days, infection. This leads to vasculitis and and is characterized by fever, subcutaneous thrombosis of capillaries and smaller veins, edema, lymphadenitis, conjunctivitis, nasal especially within the dermis, and subsequent discharge, salivation, laminitis and generalized subcutaneous edema.2,8 One to depression.2,8 two weeks after the onset of the acute phase, the infection reaches the subacute to chronic In contrast, the chronic phase (scleroderma stage which is characterized by evolving phase) is characterized by macroscopically intracellular tissue cysts containing myriads detectable tissue cysts in connective tissues, Haired skin, ox. Tissue cysts are surrounding by the thick hyaline wall ranging from 10 to 20um. Within cyst the wall, a thin rim of cell cytoplasm with peripheralized nuclei surrounds a parasitophorous vacuole contain innumerable zoites. Tissue cysts are separated by moderate numbers of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils, as well as down projecting rete ridges of the hyperplastic epithelium (HE, 159X) of bradyzoites within vimentin-positive, especially the pathognomonic pin-head sized MAC387-negative, mesenchymal cells cysts in the dermis and submucosa of (suggested to be fibroblasts or conjunctiva, nasal cavity and vagina, as well myofibroblasts), especially within the 3 as lichenification, hyperkeratosis and tissue of the subcutis, intermuscular fascia, alopecia.5,8 mesentery and scrotum.2,4,5 Histologically, crescent-shaped 6-7,5 x 2,5- Overt clinical disease most often affects 2- 3,9 µm sized B. besnoiti tachyzoites with to 4-year old adults and chronically infected eosinophilic cytoplasm and a round animals may partially recover but are basophilic nucleus may be visible within thought to remain infected for the rest of endothelial cells, blood and lymph vessels, their lifes.1 Although only a small and extracellular spaces during the acute percentage of less than 1% of the affected stage. Notably, these tachyzoites are cattle die, bovine besnoitiosis may lead to indistinguishable from Neospora caninum or major economic losses due to weight loss Toxoplasma gondii by light microscopy.2,4,8 and decreased milk production, abortion, male infertility, and reduced value of the The B. besnoiti tissue cysts of the chronic hides. Currently there are no therapeutic phase exhibit a diameter of up to 600 µm, treatment options available. An attenuated and a characteristic double-walled live vaccine is available in some countries morphology which allows differentiation for prophylaxis. from the similar cysts of Sarcocystis spp. and Eimeria spp.11 The outer 10-12 µm, pale Macroscopic changes in the acute phase of eosinophilic, hyaline cyst wall is comprised besnoitiosis are rather unspecific and of host-derived collagenous material and its include coalescing to generalized outer surface blends irregularly into the subcutaneous edema (anasarca), multifocal surrounding connective tissue. The inner to coalescing, lymphohistioplasmacytic and cyst wall is a thin pale gray-bluish band with eosinophilic perivascular dermatitis, dermal distinct histochemical staining hemorrhages, generalized swelling of lymph characteristics in between the outer cyst wall nodes (lymphadenopathy), and swollen and the outer cell membrane of the host cell. testicles (orchitis).2,8 The outer cyst wall stains blue with Masson´s trichrome and pale white with The characteristic tissue cysts start to Giemsa stain, whereas the inner cyst wall develop in the subacute stage concurrent stains pale white with Masson´s trichrome with the decline of dermal edema. The tissue stain and deeply violet with Giemsa stain.8 cysts become clearly macroscopically The large host
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genital Dermatology
    GENITAL DERMATOLOGY BARRY D. GOLDMAN, M.D. 150 Broadway, Suite 1110 NEW YORK, NY 10038 E-MAIL [email protected] INTRODUCTION Genital dermatology encompasses a wide variety of lesions and skin rashes that affect the genital area. Some are found only on the genitals while other usually occur elsewhere and may take on an atypical appearance on the genitals. The genitals are covered by thin skin that is usually moist, hence the dry scaliness associated with skin rashes on other parts of the body may not be present. In addition, genital skin may be more sensitive to cleansers and medications than elsewhere, emphasizing the necessity of taking a good history. The physical examination often requires a thorough skin evaluation to determine the presence or lack of similar lesions on the body which may aid diagnosis. Discussion of genital dermatology can be divided according to morphology or location. This article divides disease entities according to etiology. The clinician must determine whether a genital eruption is related to a sexually transmitted disease, a dermatoses limited to the genitals, or part of a widespread eruption. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AFFECTING THE GENITAL SKIN Genital warts (condyloma) have become widespread. The human papillomavirus (HPV) which causes genital warts can be found on the genitals in at least 10-15% of the population. One study of college students found a prevalence of 44% using polymerase chain reactions on cervical lavages at some point during their enrollment. Most of these infection spontaneously resolved. Only a minority of patients with HPV develop genital warts. Most genital warts are associated with low risk HPV types 6 and 11 which rarely cause cervical cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Warts with Topical Cidofovir in a Pediatric Patient
    Volume 25 Number 5| May 2019| Dermatology Online Journal || Case Report 25(5):6 Treatment of warts with topical cidofovir in a pediatric patient Melissa A Nickles BA, Artem Sergeyenko MD, Michelle Bain MD Affiliations: Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, llinois, USA Corresponding Author: Artem Sergeyenko MD, 808 South Wood Street Suite 380, Chicago, IL 60612, Tel: 847-338-0037, Email: a.serge04@gmail topical cidofovir is effective in treating HPV lesions Abstract and molluscum contagiosum in adult patients with Cidofovir is an antiviral nucleotide analogue with HIV/AIDS [2]. Case reports have also found topical relatively new treatment capacities for cidofovir to effectively treat anogenital squamous dermatological conditions, specifically verruca cell carcinoma (SCC), bowenoid papulosis, vulgaris caused by human papilloma virus infection. condyloma acuminatum, Kaposi sarcoma, and HSV-II In a 10-year old boy with severe verruca vulgaris in adult patients with HIV/AIDS [3]. Cidofovir has recalcitrant to multiple therapies, topical 1% experimentally been shown to be effective in cidofovir applied daily for eight weeks proved to be an effective treatment with no adverse side effects. treating genital condyloma acuminata in adult This case report, in conjunction with multiple immunocompetent patients [4] and in a pediatric published reports, suggests that topical 1% cidofovir case [5]. is a safe and effective treatment for viral warts in Cidofovir has also been used in pediatric patients to pediatric patients. cure verruca vulgaris recalcitrant to traditional treatment therapies. There have been several reports Keywords: cidofovir, verruca vulgaris, human papilloma that topical 1-3% cidofovir cream applied once or virus twice daily is effective in treating verruca vulgaris with no systemic side effects and low rates of recurrence in immunocompetent children [6-8], as Introduction well as in immunocompromised children [9, 10].
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Essentials of Dermatopathology Slide Library Handout Book
    2016 Essentials of Dermatopathology Slide Library Handout Book April 8-10, 2016 JW Marriott Houston Downtown Houston, TX USA CASE #01 -- SLIDE #01 Diagnosis: Nodular fasciitis Case Summary: 12 year old male with a rapidly growing temple mass. Present for 4 weeks. Nodular fasciitis is a self-limited pseudosarcomatous proliferation that may cause clinical alarm due to its rapid growth. It is most common in young adults but occurs across a wide age range. This lesion is typically 3-5 cm and composed of bland fibroblasts and myofibroblasts without significant cytologic atypia arranged in a loose storiform pattern with areas of extravasated red blood cells. Mitoses may be numerous, but atypical mitotic figures are absent. Nodular fasciitis is a benign process, and recurrence is very rare (1%). Recent work has shown that the MYH9-USP6 gene fusion is present in approximately 90% of cases, and molecular techniques to show USP6 gene rearrangement may be a helpful ancillary tool in difficult cases or on small biopsy samples. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Enzinger and Weiss’s Soft Tissue Tumors, 5th edition. Mosby Elsevier. 2008. Erickson-Johnson MR, Chou MM, Evers BR, Roth CW, Seys AR, Jin L, Ye Y, Lau AW, Wang X, Oliveira AM. Nodular fasciitis: a novel model of transient neoplasia induced by MYH9-USP6 gene fusion. Lab Invest. 2011 Oct;91(10):1427-33. Amary MF, Ye H, Berisha F, Tirabosco R, Presneau N, Flanagan AM. Detection of USP6 gene rearrangement in nodular fasciitis: an important diagnostic tool. Virchows Arch. 2013 Jul;463(1):97-8. CONTRIBUTED BY KAREN FRITCHIE, MD 1 CASE #02 -- SLIDE #02 Diagnosis: Cellular fibrous histiocytoma Case Summary: 12 year old female with wrist mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Colposcopy of the Vulva, Perineum and Anal Canal
    VESNA KESIC Colposcopy of the vulva, perineum and anal canal CHAPTER 14 Colposcopy of the vulva, perineum and anal canal VESNA KESIC INTRODUCTION of the female reproductive system. The vulva is responsive for Colposcopy of the vulva – vulvoscopy – is an important part the sex steroids. The alterations that are clinically recog- of gynaecological examination. However, it does not provide as nizable in the vulva throughout life and additional cyclic much information about the nature of vulvar lesions as col- changes, occurring during the reproductive period, are the poscopy of the cervix. This is due to the normal histology of this result of sequential variations of ovarian hormone secretion. area, which is covered by a keratinized, stratified squamous Significant changes happen during puberty, sexual inter- epithelium. The multifocal nature of vulvar intraepithelial dis- course, pregnancy, delivery, menopause and the postmeno- ease makes the examination more difficult. Nevertheless, col- pausal period, which alter the external appearance and func- poscopy should be performed in the examination of vulvar pa- tion of the vulva. Knowledge about this cyclical activity is im- thology because of its importance in identifying the individual portant in diagnosis and treatment of vulvar disorders. components of the lesions, both for biopsy and treatment pur- poses. Anatomically, the vulva, the term that designates exter- It should be remembered that the vestibule, as an endodermal nal female genital organs, consists of the mons pubis, the labia derivate, is less sensitive to sex hormones than adjacent struc- majora, the labia minora, the clitoris including frenulum and tures. This should be taken into consideration during the treat- prepuce, the vestibule (the vestibule, the introitus), glandular ment of certain vulvar conditions such as vestibulitis.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Early Tissue Cysts and Associated Pathology of Besnoitia Besnoiti in a Naturally Infected Bull (Bos Taurus) from South Africa Author(S): J
    Development of Early Tissue Cysts and Associated Pathology of Besnoitia besnoiti in a Naturally Infected Bull (Bos taurus) from South Africa Author(s): J. P. Dubey , E. van Wilpe , D. J. C. Blignaut , G. Schares , and J. H. Williams Source: Journal of Parasitology, 99(3):459-466. 2013. Published By: American Society of Parasitologists DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/12-128.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1645/12-128.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. J. Parasitol., 99(3), 2013, pp. 459–466 Ó American Society of Parasitologists 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY TISSUE CYSTS AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY OF BESNOITIA BESNOITI IN A NATURALLY INFECTED BULL (BOS TAURUS) FROM SOUTH AFRICA J. P. Dubey, E. van Wilpe*, D. J. C. Blignaut†, G. Schares‡, and J. H. Williams§ United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2016/033635 Al 10 March 2016 (10.03.2016) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/033635 Al 10 March 2016 (10.03.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: AN, Martine; Epichem Pty Ltd, Murdoch University Cam Λ 61Κ 31/155 (2006.01) C07D 249/14 (2006.01) pus, 70 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 A61K 31/4045 (2006.01) C07D 407/12 (2006.01) (AU). ABRAHAM, Rebecca; School of Animal and A61K 31/4192 (2006.01) C07D 403/12 (2006.01) Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, A61K 31/341 (2006.01) C07D 409/12 (2006.01) South Australia 5005 (AU). A61K 31/381 (2006.01) C07D 401/12 (2006.01) (74) Agent: WRAYS; Groud Floor, 56 Ord Street, West Perth, A61K 31/498 (2006.01) C07D 241/20 (2006.01) Western Australia 6005 (AU). A61K 31/44 (2006.01) C07C 211/27 (2006.01) A61K 31/137 (2006.01) C07C 275/68 (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07C 279/02 (2006.01) C07C 251/24 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07C 241/04 (2006.01) A61P 33/02 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, C07C 281/08 (2006.01) A61P 33/04 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, C07C 337/08 (2006.01) A61P 33/06 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, C07C 281/18 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (21) International Application Number: MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PCT/AU20 15/000527 PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (22) International Filing Date: SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, 28 August 2015 (28.08.2015) TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety and Efficacy of Topical Cidofovir to Treat High-Grade Perianal And
    Safety and efficacy of topical cidofovir to treat high-grade perianal and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive men and women Elizabeth A. Stiera, Stephen E. Goldstoneb, Mark H. Einsteinc, Naomi Jayd, John M. Berryd, Timothy Wilkine, Jeannette Y. Leef, Teresa M. Darraghg, Maria Da Costad, Lori Pantherh, David Aboulafiai and Joel M. Palefskyd 09/15/2020 on BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD35y8U/jUqeEzZu3CM2R+euzaQ04PJ10v9LxBxxWvdNy4= by https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline from Downloaded Downloaded Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical cidofovir for treatment of high- from grade squamous perianal intraepithelial neoplasia (PAIN) and vulvar intraepithelial https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline neoplasia (VIN) lesions in HIV-positive individuals. Design: Phase IIa prospective multicenter trial conducted at eight clinical sites through the AIDS Malignancy Consortium. Methods: HIV-positive patients with biopsy-proven high-grade PAIN that was at least 3cm2 were enrolled. PAIN biopsy specimens were assessed for human papillomavirus by (HPV) using PCR and type-specific HPV probing. Participants applied 1% topical BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD35y8U/jUqeEzZu3CM2R+euzaQ04PJ10v9LxBxxWvdNy4= cidofovir to PAIN and VIN (if present) for six 2-week cycles. Results were designated as complete response (CR), partial response (PR) (>50% reduction in size), stable disease, or progressive disease (PD). Results: Twenty-four men and nine women (eight with high-grade VIN as well) were enrolled. Mean age was 44 years and mean CD4þ cell count was 412 cells/ml. HPV DNA (most commonly HPV16) was detected in all pretreatment study specimens. Twenty six (79%) participants completed treatment per protocol: CR, five (15%); PR, 12 (36%), stable disease, seven (21%); PD, two (6%) (one with a superficially invasive cancer and one with new area of high-grade PAIN).
    [Show full text]
  • Nephromyces, a Beneficial Apicomplexan Symbiont in Marine
    Nephromyces, a beneficial apicomplexan symbiont in marine animals Mary Beth Saffoa,b,1, Adam M. McCoya,2, Christopher Riekenb, and Claudio H. Slamovitsc aDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138-2902; bMarine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015; and cCanadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 1X5 Edited* by Sharon R. Long, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved August 3, 2010 (received for review February 23, 2010) With malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.), Toxoplasma, and many associations can also sometimes be locally high in particular host other species of medical and veterinary importance its iconic repre- populations or environmental conditions, overall prevalence of a sentatives, the protistan phylum Apicomplexa has long been de- parasite within a given host species nevertheless varies over space fined as a group composed entirely of parasites and pathogens. and time. We present here a report of a beneficial apicomplexan: the mutual- Mirroring the consistent infection of adult molgulids with Neph- istic marine endosymbiont Nephromyces. For more than a century, romyces, the obligately symbiotic Nephromyces has itself been found the peculiar structural and developmental features of Nephromy- only in molgulids, with all but a few stages of its morphologically ces, and its unusual habitat, have thwarted characterization of the eclectic life history (Fig. 1) limited to the renal sac lumen (6, 11). The phylogenetic affinities of this eukaryotic microbe. Using short-sub- apparently universal, mutually exclusive association of these two unit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences as key evidence, with clades in nature thus suggests that the biology and evolutionary his- sequence identity confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization tories of Nephromyces and molgulid tunicates are closely, and (FISH), we show that Nephromyces, originally classified as a chytrid mutualistically, intertwined.
    [Show full text]
  • Besnoitia Besnoiti Lytic Cycle in Vitro and Differences in Invasion and Intracellular Proliferation Among Isolates Caroline F
    Frey et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:115 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1405-9 RESEARCH Open Access Besnoitia besnoiti lytic cycle in vitro and differences in invasion and intracellular proliferation among isolates Caroline F. Frey1,2*, Javier Regidor-Cerrillo1, Nelson Marreros3, Paula García-Lunar1, Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito1, Gereon Schares4, Jitender P. Dubey5, Arcangelo Gentile6, Philippe Jacquiet7, Varda Shkap8, Helder Cortes9, Luis M. Ortega-Mora1 and Gema Álvarez-García1* Abstract Background: Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the protozoan Besnoitia besnoiti, reduces productivity and fertility of affected herds. Besnoitiosis continues to expand in Europe and no effective control tools are currently available. Experimental models are urgently needed. Herein, we describe for the first time the kinetics of standardised in vitro models for the B. besnoiti lytic cycle. This will aid to study the pathogenesis of the disease, in the screening for vaccine targets and drugs potentially useful for the treatment of besnoitiosis. Methods: We compared invasion and proliferation of one B. tarandi (from Finland) and seven B. besnoiti isolates (Bb-Spain1, Bb-Spain2, Bb-Israel, Bb-Evora03, Bb-Ger1, Bb-France, Bb-Italy2) in MARC-145 cell culture. Host cell invasion was studied at 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post infection (hpi), and proliferation characteristics were compared at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hpi. Results: In Besnoitia spp., the key parameters that determine the sequential adhesion-invasion, proliferation and egress steps are clearly distinct from those in the related apicomplexans Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Besnoitia spp. host cell invasion is a rather slow process, since only 50 % of parasites were found intracellular after 3–6h of exposure to host cells, and invasion still took place after 24 h.
    [Show full text]
  • ESTUDO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DA BESNOITIOSE (Besnoitia Besnoiti) NUMA EXPLORAÇÃO DE BOVINOS DE CARNE
    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária ESTUDO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DA BESNOITIOSE (Besnoitia besnoiti) NUMA EXPLORAÇÃO DE BOVINOS DE CARNE JOANA MARIA SANTOS DOMINGUES CONSTITUIÇÃO DO JÚRI: ORIENTADOR: Doutor Fernando Jorge Silvano Boinas Doutor George Thomas Stilwell Doutor George Thomas Stilwell CO-ORIENTADORA: Doutor José Alexandre da Costa Perdigão e Cameira Doutora Helga Marlene Cardoso Waap Leitão 2018 LISBOA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária ESTUDO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DA BESNOITIOSE (Besnoitia besnoiti) NUMA EXPLORAÇÃO DE BOVINOS DE CARNE JOANA MARIA SANTOS DOMINGUES DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA CONSTITUIÇÃO DO JÚRI: ORIENTADOR: Doutor Fernando Jorge Silvano Boinas Doutor George Thomas Stilwell Doutor George Thomas Stilwell CO-ORIENTADORA: Doutor José Alexandre da Costa Perdigão e Cameira Doutora Helga Marlene Cardoso Waap Leitão 2018 LISBOA DECLARAÇÃO Nome _________________________________________________________________________ Endereço eletrónico ________________________________________Telefone ________/______ Número do Bilhete de Identidade__________________________ Título: Dissertação Tese ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Orientador(es) ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________Ano de conclusão____________ Designação
    [Show full text]
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malignancy: Thoughts on Viral
    SPECIAL ARTICLE Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malignancy Thoughts on Viral Oncogenesis William P. Schecter, MD n the spring of 1981, as a newly minted assistant professor of surgery at the University of California–San Francisco, I was called to see a 33-year-old man with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates who was dying of acute respiratory failure at San Francisco General Hospital. My medical colleagues requested an open-lung biopsy. To our mutual amaze- Iment, this previously healthy gay man had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, despite the fact that there was no history of lymphoma or organ transplantation. The first cluster of cases of this pneu- monia was reported the same year.1 At approximately the same time, a previ- surgeons in San Francisco and elsewhere ously rare tumor, Kaposi sarcoma (KS), be- spent a lot of time performing biopsies on gan to appear in epidemic numbers, first HIV-infected gay men with generalized reported in Los Angeles, Calif, and New lymphadenopathy. It was not long before York, NY.2 By 1983, Luc Montagnier had B-cell lymphomas, located in the gut, brain, discovered an RNA retrovirus associated liver, and other relatively unusual sites, be- with the disease complex occurring pri- came common devastating problems.8 marily in gay men, which had been termed One of my early patients was a pre- the acquired immune deficiency syndrome viously healthy 29-year-old gay man with (AIDS).3 The viral etiology of AIDS was not no known history of HIV infection who generally accepted in the United States un- presented with a small-bowel obstruc- til 1984, when Gallo et al4 confirmed Mon- tion and computed tomographic evi- tagnier’s work with specimens obtained dence of a large soft tissue mass involv- from Montagnier.
    [Show full text]
  • Topical Imiquimod for Bowenoid Papulosis in an HIV-Positive Woman
    212 Letters to the Editor Topical Imiquimod for Bowenoid Papulosis in an HIV-positive Woman Pedro Redondo and Pedro Lloret Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4209, ES-31080, Pamplona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted February 18, 2002. Sir, CASE REPORT Bowenoid papulosis consists clinically of multiple verru- coid papules, usually situated in the anogenital region A 36-year-old woman presented with perianal and gen- of young men and women. Histologically, it is an in situ ital skin lesions of 6 years’ duration. The patient’s HIV-1 squamous cell carcinoma (1) and is most commonly infection had been diagnosed approximately 10 years associated with high-risk oncogenic genotypes of human earlier, and had been well controlled during most of papillomavirus (HPV ) types 16, 18, 33 and 39 (2, 3). that time with antiviral therapy. The patient’s viral load Bowenoid papulosis usually follows a benign course and and CD4 levels were 50 copies/ml and 750/mm3, respect- may spontaneously resolve in immunocompetent ively. She had received previous treatment with cryo- patients. In older women and immunocompromised therapy and local excision with electrocoagulation, with patients it generally persists and may progress to an relapses. Physical examination revealed perianal and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Conventional treat- perivulvar red plaques covered with warty papules ments include local excision, electrocoagulation, elec- (Fig. 1A). Histological specimens con rmed the clinical trodessication, cryosurgery, laser removal and topical diagnosis of bowenoid papulosis. Topical treatment with 5- uorouracil. Imiquimod, an imidazoquinoline amine, imiquimod 5% cream was proposed.
    [Show full text]