Diagnostic Initial Du Territoire D’Étude

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Diagnostic Initial Du Territoire D’Étude Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien Une structure au cur du développement durable Connatre Comprendre Conserver Communiquer Réflexions préalables et première approche de la mise en uvre d‘une déclinaison locale de la Trame Verte et bleue Cas de la plaine de Champagne crayeuse, territoire d‘étude du programme SYMBIOSE Réalisé avec le soutien financier de : Document de travail ersion de Mars 2010 2 Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien Une structure au cur du développement durable Connatre Comprendre Conserver Communiquer Diagnostic du territoire d‘étude SYMBIOSE Analyse du territoire et premi%res réflexions relatives ( la mise en place d‘un programme d‘actions en faveur de la biodiversité et des continuités écologiques J.MIROIR Auteur du rapport : érémy MIROIR CBNBP, délégation Champagne-Ardenne Mars 20.0 Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien UMS 2011 2 Unité Inventaire et suivi de la biodiversité Muséum national d‘3istoire naturelle 0., rue Buffon - CP 53 - 75005 Paris Cedex 05 2 France Tél. 9 0. 40 71 35 54 2 [email protected] 3 4 Diagnostic du territoire d‘étude SYMBIOSE Analyse du territoire et premi%res réflexions relatives ( la mise en place d‘un programme d‘actions en faveur de la biodiversité et des continuités écologiques Ce document a été réalisé par le Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, délégation C ampagne-Ardenne, sous la responsabilité de 7rédéric 3ENDOUX, directeur adjoint du Conservatoire Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin Parisien Muséum national d‘3istoire naturelle 0. rue Buffon CP 53, 75005 Paris Cedex 05 Tel. : 0. 40 71 35 54 2 7ax : 0. 40 71 35 53 E-mail : cndp"mn n.fr Inventaires de terrain, rédaction et mise en page, cartograp ie: érémy MIROIR, Le partenaire de cette étude est : Le Conseil Régional de Champagne-Ardenne 5, rue de Jéric o ' 51037 C +lons-en-C ampagne Cede, Tél. 03 26 70 31 31 ' Fa, : 03 26 70 31 61 5 6 Sommaire Avant propos .7 Introduction .1 PARTIE I Approche descriptive et analytique du territoire d‘étude * - Partie introductive : Caractériser la biodiversité et les continuités écologiques à l’échelle d’un territoire 23 1 – Caractéristiques du territoire étudié 31 ..-. 2 Cadre géographique et spécificités 3. ..... Caractéristiques géographiques 3. ....2 Caractéristiques et découpage administratif du territoire 40 ....3 Spécificités agricoles et écologique de la Champagne crayeuse et du département de la Marne 4A ..2 2 Caractéristiques du territoire d‘étude 07 ..2.. Conditions stationnelles et édaphiques 0A ..2.2 Cas particulier du réseau hydrographique 77 2 – Pression s’opérant sur les espaces naturels 91 2-. 27acteurs d‘origine naturelle 1. 2.... L‘embroussaillement 1. 2...2 Le déficit pluviométrique 12 2...3 L‘envahissement par des espèces végétales et animales 13 2...3 L‘impact de la tempBte de décembre .111 15 2-2 2 7acteurs d‘origine anthropique 17 2.2.. Les aménagements agricoles et agro-sylvicoles 17 2.2.2 Le drainage 1A 2.2.3 Les rejets agricoles 11 2.2.4 La populiculture 11 7 2.2.5 La plantation/boisement et exploitation forestière .00 2.2.0 Les aménagements liés aux infrastructures .0. 2.2.7 Les aménagements liés D l‘urbanisme et D l‘artificialisation .05 2.2.A Les prélèvements d‘eau et les rejets .-0 2.2.1 Le remblaiement par dépôts d‘ordures ou de gravats ..0 2.2..0 Les étangs de loisir et d‘agrément ... 2.2... Les loisirs motorisés ... 2.2..2 L‘engrillagement des parcelles ... 2-3 2Principaux obstacles naturels ou artificiels recensés sur le territoire ..3 2.3.. Principes généraux concernant la fragmentation ..3 2.3.2 Présentation des principaux obstacles naturels ou artificiels recensés sur le territoire d‘étude ..5 2.3.3 Localisation et contexte du principal point de discontinuité du territoire .20 3 – nités paysagères du territoire d’étude 131 3-. 2 Principales unités paysagères du territoire d‘étude .3. 3-2 2 Approche écologique et caractéristiques du paysage .42 3.2.. Bases conceptuelles .42 3.2.2 Fonctionnement du paysage D une échelle plus fine .44 1 PARTIE II Présentation des principales formations végétales présentes sur le territoire d‘étude 34abitats, faune, flore remarquables et approc e par continuum) Méthode de réalisation des inventaires Végétations des cours d‘eau Froupements végétaux observables dans les rivières ..........................................................................................50 Froupements herbacés et arbustifs se développant D proximité immédiate des cours d‘eau ........................................................................................03 Végétations des marais (tourbières plates, bas-marais et molinion) Végétations des mares, fossés et plans d‘eau Végétation des mares D Characées.....................................................................................05 Végétation des fossés..........................................................................................................01 Végétation des plans d‘eau..................................................................................................7. Plans d‘eau temporaires......................................................................................................77 Végétations des tourbières plates et bas-marais alcalins 7ormations végétales de tourbières neutro-alcalines Formations pionnières de bas-marais paratourbeux........................................................A0 Végétation de prairies D Molinie..........................................................................................A. Formation de Laches (magnocariIaies) ...........................................................................A5 Cladiaies et cladiaies-phragmitaies....................................................................................A0 Phragmitaies.........................................................................................................................10 Froupements transitoires etCou de dégradation Roselières transitoires et communautés de mégaphorbiaies sur sol mésotrophe Formation D Cirse maracher...............................................................................................13 2 Roselières transitoires et communautés de mégaphorbiaies eutrophes Formation D Phragmite et Liseron des haies.....................................................................15 Formation D Ortie di Jque et Liseron des haies.................................................................15 Formation D Aster lancéolée................................................................................................10 Prairies abandonnées...........................................................................................................17 Végétations des pelouses calcicoles et prairies mésophiles Froupements pionniers sur éboulis et zones remaniées Végétation des zones remaniées sur substrat crayeux décapésLLLLLLLLLL,00 Végétation des éboulis calcaires et talus crayeux décapés............................................203 Froupements herbacés Pelouses D Lin de Léon et Fétuque de Léman...................................................................205 Pelouses D Brome dressé sur graveluches crayeuses.....................................................200 Micro-pelouses linéaires de talus.......................................................................................207 Micro-pelouses linéaires et ourlets de boisement............................................................20A Formations herbacées mésophiles.....................................................................................2.0 Pelouses marnicolesLLLLLLLLLLLLL8............................................................2.. Pelouses ourlets denses D Brachypode penné.................................................................2.2 Pelouses D Fenévrier comm LLLLLLLLLLLLL8............................................2.3 7ormations arbustives 3faci6s d7embroussaillement, fourrés et manteaux arbustifs, aies et bosquets) Fourrés arbustifs sur craieLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL,.A Prunellieraies-ronceraiesLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8.............................................2.1 Fourrés D Prunellier et TroèneLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8.2.1 Pré bois calcicolesLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8LLLLLLLLL8.2.1 Fourrés de SaulesLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL22. 7ormations forestières Boulaies sur tourbeLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8.............LL8224 Boulaies sur sable et colluvions sableusesLLLLL8..................................................224 Boisements d‘Aulne glutineux et de 7rêne commun sur tourbe alcalineLLLLLL224 Futaie de FrBne commun et d‘Erable sycomore..............................................................225 Sylvofaciès de la chênaie pédonculéeLLLLLLLLLLLL8LLLLLLLLL8220 Stade préforestier sur rendzines crayeusesLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL227 Plantations de Pins noirs et de Pins sylvestresLLLLLLL.LLLLLLLLLL,21 Farennes de Champagne-crayeuseLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8......235 10 Chênaie sessiliflore D Festuca fliformisLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8.......23A Végétations des cultures sur calcaire FénéralitésLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL8.....................240 Moissons, cultures et leurs marges sur sols calcarifères Communautés des marges de moissons sur sols calcaires ou limono-calcaires et de cultures extensivesLLLLLLLLL8............L8..............................................244 Communautés des cultures sarclées estivales de sol limono-calcaires très fertilisés.............................................................................................................................252 Problématiques propres
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