AALL Spectrum / May/June 2018 / Volume 22, Number 5

MAAY/JUNE 2018ALL / VOLUME 22, NUMBER 5 Spectrum

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CYBERSECURITY YOU GET MORE THAN SUPPORT. YOU GET AN ENTIRE TEAM.

Your Thomson Reuters Librarian Relations Team. Tools, training, and more. We know law librarians are essential – and that the more productive you can be, the more value you can demonstrate to your organization. So we offer the services of an entire team for training, tools, and counsel to help you work more effi ciently and with even more confi dence. Professional development and training opportunities. Tools to help manage resources. Plus in-person events and educational programs designed specifi cally for your profession. And remember, we want to hear your feedback so we can keep fi nding ways to help you achieve. legalsolutions.com/librarian

S026599.indd 1 12/9/15 9:48 AM EDITOR’S NOTE CHASING TECHNOLOGY Staying Ahead of the Legal Curve

s I write this, I have just returned from the American Bar Association (ABA) TECHSHOW 2018. I was lucky enough to have the opportunity to join two panels as part of the somewhat new academic track, but that was really just an excuse to hear and see rsthand what lawyers, legal tech gurus, and vendors think are the current legal technology issues and what innovations might be on the horizon. (FYI—the planning group for A the academic track did a great job. Expect even better things next year!) As rapidly as technology is changing, I oen Changes in the repository platform land- feel that I am chasing the curve trying to keep scape are addressed in “Rethinking Digital up. Attending TECHSHOW was one way for Repositories & the Future of Open Access.” me to try to close that gap. I not only learned a Newer models for publishing, particularly lot from the sessions I attended, but also from online, raise issues for properly attributing a something as simple as perusing the program work to its author. “‘Who Is is?’ Moving from descriptions and walking the vendor mar- Authority Control to Identity Management” ketplace. Several programs on security were makes the case for thinking more broadly than oered, as well as the expected sessions on arti- name authority control. cial intelligence, eDiscovery, and document If you are looking for more avenues to help automation. A series of programs were oered you stay current, make sure to read “Seeking YOU GET MORE THAN SUPPORT. on process automation and management, as New Members: Special Interest Groups Provide well as issues related to running a practice in Unique Benets for Law Librarians.” You the cloud, which provided crucial information may be inspired to join a new AALL Special YOU GET AN ENTIRE TEAM. for practicing, as well as future, lawyers. Even Interest Section or Caucus, or nd a local though I was unable to attend every program, group focused on your area of interest. Finally, I still learned what the hot issues are, what be inspired by the winners and nalists of the Your Thomson Reuters Librarian Relations Team. Tools, training, and more. technology concerns lawyers today, and what inaugural AALL Innovation Tournament who We know law librarians are essential – and that the more productive you can be, the more value you can demonstrate new products are coming online. I have a better are working on projects as diverse as attor- to your organization. So we offer the services of an entire team for training, tools, and counsel to help you work more idea of what students need to know to prepare ney-facing chatbots and a virtual reality lab. effi ciently and with even more confi dence. Professional development and training opportunities. Tools to help manage them to be competent lawyers. What technology innovations will we see at this If you, like me, are trying to keep up with year’s Innovation Tournament at AALL 2018? resources. Plus in-person events and educational programs designed specifi cally for your profession. And remember, the latest technology, I hope you nd some- I look forward to seeing you there. we want to hear your feedback so we can keep fi nding ways to help you achieve. thing new in this technology-themed issue. legalsolutions.com/librarian “What You Need to Know about Cybersecurity” is an excellent primer with easy-to-follow examples that help you understand the issues and terminology. You can also learn about the Kristina L. Niedringhaus benets of content intelligence tools and how [email protected] they are being used to provide value to individual attorneys and work groups at rms. © 2015 Thomson Reuters S026599/11-15 Thomson Reuters and the Kinesis logo are trademarks of Thomson Reuters.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 1

S026599.indd 1 12/9/15 9:48 AM INSIDE MAY/JUNE 2018

Tips for keeping information secure. FEATURES

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT “WHO IS THIS?” MOVING FROM 14 CYBERSECURITY 24 AUTHORITY CONTROL TO IDENTITY Tips law librarians and legal information MANAGEMENT professionals can use to keep informa- Practical guidance on the successes and tion secure within their organizations. challenges from three large institutions. BY BRIAN DONATO, MICHELE GOSSMEYER, BY SUZANNE GRAHAM, DONG JOON LEE, KEVIN MOORE & JON SEGGER ERIK RADIO & HANNAH TARVER

MOVING FROM CONTENT RETHINKING DIGITAL REPOSITORIES 18 AGGREGATION TO CONTENT 28 & THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS INTELLIGENCE Guidance for choosing the best platform Gaining a competitive advantage from for your legal scholarship. the data-driven insights that content BY MARGARET SCHILT, KAREN SHEPHARD intelligence tools provide. & CAROL WATSON BY STEVEN A. LASTRES

IN EVERY ISSUE Editor’s Note 1 President’s Message 5

Wild Card 60 © iStockPhoto.com/Hywards/ChakisAtelier image Cover

2 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG 41 44 53 56

Special Interest Groups Innovation Tournament Vendor Voice Reference Desk

UP FRONT ADVOCACY

TRENDING TECH TRENDS IMPROVING OPEN 7 Digitizing collections—the processing 38 GOVERNMENT and organizing that goes into making Greater accessibility and transparency things accessible for your audience. in legislative websites. BY TARIQ AHMAD, HANIBAL GOITOM & MEMBER PROFILE ANDREW WEBER 8 Meet Susan deMaine from Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School SEEKING NEW MEMBERS of Law in Indianapolis, Indiana. 41 Special Interest Groups provide unique benefits for law librarians. SHELF LIFE BY MADELAINE A. GORDON 9 What book, article, or resource has helped you think differently about the delivery of technology services? TECHNOLOGY

NEWS & NOTES 10 AALL’S INNOVATION TOURNAMENT From the Treasurer and notable 44 2018 dates. Finalists and winners talk innovations and share successes and next steps. CLICKS 13 Essential apps for your workday— members pick four. EDUCATION

LEADERSHIP MEET JOHN WATERS 50 The 2018 AALL Annual Meeting Keynote Speaker on librarians and criminal justice. LEADER PROFILE 32 Jane Sánchez, the 25th Law Librarian of Congress, shares her personal BUSINESS EDGE journey and career insights, and offers advice to those just entering the field. VENDOR VOICE 53 For more than 100 years, West Academic ASK A DIRECTOR has provided educational materials to help 36 How can librarians assist in data students master U.S. law. privacy and data protection efforts? Advice from David Armond and REFERENCE DESK Mark Gediman. 56 Using technology in disaster management. BY LIZ McCURRY JOHNSON, DOLLY M. KNIGHT & MARIBEL NASH

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 3 ADVANCING LEGAL INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS

105 West Adams Street, Suite 3300 This publication is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Chicago, Illinois 60603 www.aallnet.org | 312.939.4764 The American Association of Law Libraries does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any responsibility for the statements advanced by the contributors EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Kristina L. Niedringhaus to, and the advertisers in, the Association’s publication. Editorial views do not necessarily represent the official position of the Association or of its officers, MEMBERSHIP, MARKETING, AND COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR directors, staff, or representatives. All advertising copy is subject to editorial Cara Schillinger approval. The Association does not endorse or make any guarantee with respect PUBLICATIONS MANAGER to any products or services mentioned or advertised in the publication. Heather Haemker COPY EDITOR All content copyright 2018 by the American Association of Law Libraries, except Timothy Johnson where otherwise expressly indicated. Except where otherwise expressly DESIGN provided, the author of each item in this issue has granted permission for Feldcomm CRUSHING copies of that item to be madeYOUR for classroom DIGITAL use or for any other educational AALL SPECTRUM EDITORIAL BOARD Kendal Bergman purpose, provided that (1) copies areSTRATEGY distributed at or below cost, (2) author Alana K. Bevan and AALL Spectrum are identified, and (3) proper notice of copyright is affixed Rebecca Brady Mattson to each copy. For items in which it holds copyright, the American Association Holly M. Riccio Thomas Sneed of Law Libraries grants permission for copies to be made for classroom Julia Taylor use or for any other educational purpose under the same conditions. ADVERTISING Bill Spilman | Innovative Media Solutions 309.483.6467 | [email protected] SUBSCRIBE AALL Spectrum is a benefit of membership in the American Association of Law Libraries. Nonmembers may subscribe to AALL Spectrum for $75 per year. PUBLICATION AALL Spectrum (ISSN: 1089–8689) is published six times per year by the American Association of Law Libraries. Periodicals postage paid at Chicago, Illinois, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to AALL Spectrum, 105 W. Adams St. Ste. 3300, Chicago, IL 60603-6225.

WEST ACADEMIC DIGITAL COLLECTIONS

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4 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE WHOSE DISRUPTION IS IT ANYWAY? FINDING BALANCE IN THE INFORMATION & NETWORK AGE

e live in a time that both delights us, as law librarians, and simultaneously drives us crazy. We tend to think of this as the “Information Age,” but many others think of it as the “Network Age.” e more I think about it, I believe that we are somewhere in the middle of both. We talk of the disruption caused by advancements in technology—distributed networks that shi our current processes and create new methods in which we conduct our daily routines and perform our tasks at work. Even while this disruption is occurring, we try to instill rules—balancing the new information so that we can maintain order and verify that Wthe disruption is actually making things better, and not just making things dierent. For professionals whose core values are to In this issue of AALL Spectrum, the authors bring order and validity to information and discuss our desire for the free ow of ideas and ideas, the chaos of disruption can make us feel the openness of legal information in a decen- overwhelmed. tralized environment. However, as noted in Twitter founder Evan Williams recently these articles, we also see the value of keeping talked about the chaotic world we currently live private information secure and the need to man- in. Williams said, “I thought once everybody age information to maintain its authoritative could speak freely and exchange information integrity. We understand the desire of others for and ideas, the world is automatically going to immediate delivery of information, but we bal- be a better place. I was wrong about that.” e ance the aggregation and dissemination by ensur- Network Age, and the idea of social networks, ing that the information is accurate and relevant has created a period of time where information to the needs of the user. consumed by others in the network is given We use our networks to enhance our abilities nearly equal weight, whether the information is to connect with our peers, but we must be cau- true or false—authoritative or unsubstantiated. tious that we don’t end up in an echo chamber We, as librarians, along with our professional where we are only listening to those who tell us associations, work to strike a balance that allows what we want to hear. One of the greatest bene- for the free ow of information, thoughts, and ts of our association and our profession is the exchanges to take place, but we will step in to diversity of our fellow information professionals validate or invalidate the information as needed. and our willingness to share and advocate our It’s a battle that we may be temporarily losing. insights and ideas. Our ability to balance these Historian Niall Ferguson recently discussed competing forces shows the true value law librar- this and said something that made me think ians bring to our organizations. about our current environment: “ ere are just occasional periods of history—we’re in one of them now—when technology … empower[s] the networks, and weaken[s] the hierarchy.” In my mind, these are the times when law librarians and other legal information professionals are needed Greg Lambert the most. [email protected]

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 5 BECOME A CHAMPION FOR THE PROFESSION & AALL INTRODUCING THE AALL CHAMPION UPGRADE

You are committed to the profession and the Association and act as one of our best ambassadors. With your $75 upgrade, when joining or renewing, receive:

RECOGNITION AS AN AALL CHAMPION

 Your name listed on the AALL website  A My Communities badge  AALL Annual Meeting* 4 Listed in Awards Brochure 4 Listed on signage 4 Slide during Association Luncheon 4 AALL Annual Meeting badge ribbon 4 Listed in AALL Spectrum once a year

ALSO RECEIVE  Complimentary AALL lapel member pin  Complimentary ticket to AALL Annual Meeting Association Luncheon [$40 value] at the AALL Annual Meeting

*Must upgrade by June 1 for recognition at the 2018 AALL Annual Meeting; members who upgrade after June 1 will be recognized at the 2019 AALL Annual Meeting.

bit.ly/AALLchampion UP FRONT

TRENDING DIGITIZED COLLECTIONS

Digitizing materials is usually relatively simple. MAKE IT SEARCHABLE WITH DESCRIPTIVE METADATA

Processing and organizing the resulting digital ﬁles ¡Title ¡Contributor ¡Source takes a little more forethought. Decisions made before ¡Creator ¡Date ¡Language the material is digitized lay the groundwork for making ¡Subject ¡Type ¡Relations things accessible for your intended audience, so the ¡Description ¡Format ¡Coverage value of planning cannot be overstated. AALL members ¡Publisher ¡Identifier ¡Rights Erik Beck, Jennifer González, Janice Hyde, and guest presenter Chelsea Dinsmore share highlights from MAINTAIN CONTROL WITH ADMINISTRATIVE METADATA their 2017 AALL Annual Meeting program on the topic. ¡Technical metadata doc- % ¡Preservation metadata ument the file format, the contain information source (e.g., analog or needed to support the digital), and information viability, renderabil- about the file’s creation. ity, comprehensibility, ¡Structural metadata authenticity, and identity describe intellectual or of digital objects over physical divisions in an time. object (e.g., page, section, ¡Rights metadata chapter) or relationships encompass information to other objects. pertaining to limitations and restrictions regarding the access to—and use of—content.

PRESENTATION IS KEY

¡Graphical display: visu- results may not be WHERE TO BEGIN ally appealing, especially well-differentiated. online, but may be too ¡Who is your audience? ¡ Citation-based: may yield simple for complex exact match(es), but ¡What are your users’ information. requires correct formatting research habits? ¡Browse lists: great for of citation. structured data such as ¡What interface and search ¡Keyword: ideal where con- law, but requires a user’s trolled vocabulary lists are tools would best suit those understanding of the used and known, but may research habits? content. render large result sets. ¡What metadata will you ¡Full-text search: very collect to support your novice-friendly, but search tools? ¡What are your goals for the collection? ¡How will you evaluate to know if your goals have been met? Content contributed by Erik Beck (Digital Services Librarian, University of Colorado); Chelsea Dinsmore (Director of Digital Based on the 2017 AALL Annual Meeting program, “Digitization Is Done—Now Support Services, University of Florida); Jennifer González What? Understanding Metadata, Online Delivery, and User Experience.” (Legal Information Analyst, Law Library of Congress); and Janice Hyde (Assistant Law Librarian for Collections, Library

Image © iStock.com/Creative-Touch Image Watch the program at bit.ly/AM17Digitization. of Congress).

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 7 UP FRONT

MEMBER PROFILE VANTAGE POINT SUSAN deMAINE 3 ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR INFORMATION SERVICES 3 INDIANA UNIVERSITY 3 ROBERT H. McKINNEY SCHOOL OF LAW 3 RUTH LILLY LAW LIBRARY 3 INDIANAPOLIS, IN WORDS TO LIVE BY? From Mr. Rogers: “There are three ways FAVORITE THING ABOUT YOUR JOB? to ultimate success: The Building connections with and for first way is to be kind. students, faculty, and colleagues. The second way is to be kind. The third way is to be kind.”

WHAT’S YOUR GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT AND HOW HAS IT SHAPED YOU? It’s a cliché, but my greatest achievement has to be A SKILL YOU’D LIKE TO LEARN? raising three children and There are so many! Sailing, playing the two stepchildren, who are mandolin, and speaking Chinese. From a well on their way to being professional perspective, I would like to competent and kind adults. really understand blockchain, and In addition, I’m grateful that I how to make use of it. was able to reenter my chosen profession and succeed in it after 10 years of full- time child-raising. Together, these accomplishments have helped me become an interesting mix of humble, confident, and intrepid.

8 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG SHELF LIFE TECH RECS What book, article, or resource has helped you think dierently about the delivery of technology services?

“YOU DO LIKE READING OFF A 4 COMPUTER SCREEN,” by Cory Doctorow, Locus magazine, March 2007. “Although brief, Doctorow’s feature in Locus has a lot to say about the way people read online. Much ink, both physical and virtual, has been spilled on the looming ‘death of the book.’ THE MYTHICAL “THE TWENTY-FIRST DELIVERING ON Doctorow’s piece and reas- MAN-MONTH: ESSAYS CENTURY LAW DIGITAL: THE surances from others that the 1 ON SOFTWARE 2 LIBRARY,” by Richard A. 3INNOVATORS AND internet will never replace phys- ENGINEERING by Frederick Danner, S. Blair Kauffman, and TECHNOLOGIES THAT ical media do a lot to put this P. Brooks Jr. (Addison-Wesley; John G. Palfrey, Law Library ARE TRANSFORMING debate into proper perspective. 1st paperback edition; January Journal, vol. 101, no. 2 (Spring GOVERNMENT by William D. The difference lies in the level 1975). “A technology book 2009). “‘Assertive reference’ Eggers (RosettaBooks; June 7, of attention demanded by the from 1975—this book has is one of the most important 2016). “Although the subtitle medium—a novel, for example, aged well. References to spe- concepts I’ve come across implies it is targeted toward demands sustained attention, cific technologies at this point in my time as a law librarian. transformative information while online reading (e.g., would have been so obscure ‘The Twenty-First Century technology (IT) delivery in emails, memes, and tweets) as to be fables. One essay is Law Library’ highlights some government, it is instead a vade lends itself to shorter attention about the tower of Babel as a of the ways the digital age mecum for anyone involved in spans. The problem, according metaphor for software and as has changed librarianship. IT supply and support in their to Doctorow, is not that the a failure in communications, Kauffman’s discussion on organization. Readable prose screens of 2007 weren’t sharp not in engineering skill nor in assertive reference has been and real-life examples from the enough to allow for the reading resourcing. You see what I’m instrumental in re-directing public and private sectors reveal of novels, but that ‘novels aren’t getting at. This book focuses reference services here at the novel ways of delivering informa- screeny enough’ to read for on the people dynamics of Ohio Attorney General’s Office. tion initiatives for sustainability, sustained periods on a com- making and delivering tech- When practicing assertive ref- growth, and collaboration. puter. This article is especially nology—those little elves erence, librarians strategically Eggers underscores the impor- interesting historically, given who do all the invisible things intervene before someone asks tance of having a digital mindset that, eight months later, the behind the devices, apps, for help. They watch for teach- that includes values of openness, Amazon Kindle debuted, and and programs we use every able moments to show attor- user-centricity, co-creation, that changed the reading hab- day. It goes into topics such neys, students, paralegals, and simplicity, and agility. He its of millions over the past 10 as how to achieve integrity in others exactly how librarians emphasizes the significance years. This was a sign that per- a product, what to do while can help them find information. of understanding the cultures haps what we actually needed waiting, and long-term main- We have continued referencing of our user bases and having a all along was a portable device tenance. It’s conversational back to the idea through the mindset that drives change. This that was ‘booky’ enough.” and all meat, no fluff.” years as we’ve adapted and book helped me understand David E. Matchen Jr.; Circulation/ Wilhelmina Randtke; Digital revisited our reference services processes that I did not fully Reference Librarian; University Library Services Coordinator; as technology has evolved.” appreciate and helped me imag- of Baltimore School of Law; Florida Academic Library Services Jonathan N. Chagat; Senior Research ine creative ways of proceeding Baltimore, MD Cooperative; Gainesville, FL Librarian; Oce of the Ohio Attorney with future technology projects.” General; Columbus, OH Filippa Marullo Anzalone; Professor of Law; Associate Dean for Library & Technology Services; Boston College Law School; Newton Centre, MA Photo © 2018 by AALL by © 2018 Photo

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 9 UP FRONT

NEWS & NOTES FROM THE TREASURER LOOKING BACK AND MOVING FORWARD

Each year, the AALL Executive Board sets aside time to assess the financial health of the Association. The process includes preparing year-end financial statements and an examination and audit of these statements by a certified public accountant. Here are the highlights from the annual report.

In March 2018, the AALL Finance and FIGURE 1: FY 2016–17 ASSETS Budget Committee met in Chicago to review the Association’s nancial statements, listen and respond to pre- sentations by representatives from our 232K 114K audit rm and investment advisors, $232,331 $114,258 consider funding requests, begin the budgeting process for 2018-19, and review the proposed budget guidelines for 2018-19. Members of the committee were 619K pleased to hear the conclusions of $619,204 Legacy Professionals LLP, an independent audit rm. In the rm’s 5.9M report, dated February 28, 2018, it $5,949,044 rendered an unmodied opinion that the Association’s nancial statements “present fairly, in all material respects, the nancial position of the American Association of Law Libraries as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the changes in its net assets and its cash ows for the years then ended, in accor- dance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.” e audit also noted that “the disclosures in the nancial statements are neutral, consistent, and clear.” During a closed session, committee members had the opportunity to ask questions about the statements, methods, records, and procedures 3 Investment Funds utilized by the nancial sta. e 3 Cash and Cash Receivables auditor conrmed that AALL sta 3 Accounts Receivable was well prepared and that AALL’s 3 Prepaid Expenses nancial documents are correctly

10 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG maintained. e audit reects well FIGURE 2: FY 2016–17 FUND BALANCES on the Association. To request a copy of the complete report, please con- 3 Endowment Funds tact AALL Director of Finance and $1,073,447 Administration, Paula Davidson. 3 Investment Funds $4,036,529 3 Association Assets Board Restricted Funds A representative from Chevy Chase $518,897 3 Trust met with committee members Donor Restricted Funds in March to review and discuss our $47,404 Association’s investment portfolio. e portfolio, which represents the greatest percentage of our Association’s assets, is comprised of three invested funds: the Permanent Investment Fund (PIF), the Restricted Endowment Fund (REF), and the Current Reserve Fund (CRF). Figure 1 illustrates the importance of these investments to the Association’s long-term nancial security. Each year, one of the goals of this meeting is to ensure continued compliance with the Association’s investment policy objectives. See AALL’s Permanent Investment Fund Policy at FIGURE 3: FY 2012–17 FUND REVENUE bit.ly/AALL-PIF. $1,800,000 Moderate investment objectives drive our Association’s investment $1,600,000 strategy. We “seek to balance the pos- $1,400,000 sibility of increased gains with a desire to avoid substantial risk to principal.” $1,200,000

Our investment advisor informed us $1,000,000 that Chevy Chase Trust followed a similar asset allocation the prior year. $800,000

While our economy grew last year, the $600,000 developed economies outside of the United States were doing even better. $400,000

Chevy Chase began investing more $200,000 outside of the U.S., while still focusing on robotics, articial intelligence, $0 and other technology equities. As of September 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

September 30, 2017, $482,745 of our 3 Annual Meeting 3 Membership Dues 3 Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals investment income was realized, an increase over the $421,012 realized in 2016. e largest fund within our investment portfolio is the PIF; it is invested in a variety of managed equities and the Scholarship Fund; the AALL and International Law Special Interest xed income instruments, such as omson Reuters George A. Strait Section Schaer Grant for Foreign corporate bonds, securities, REITs, Minority Scholarship Endowment; Law Librarians. Like the PIF, this and municipal funds. Contributions to the LexisNexis/John R. Johnson fund is also invested in a variety a variety of endowed funds form the Memorial Scholarship Endowment; of xed-income instruments and basis of the REF. ese funds include and the Foreign, Comparative, and equities. e CRF fund serves as a

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 11 NEWS & NOTES

short-term reserve for investing cash Association Revenues vs. Expenses Board has to determine whether available from operations—essentially e Association’s General Fund— activities are still relevant and pro- the Association’s short-term savings essentially, the Association’s “checking vide meaningful benets to members, account. See Figure 2. account”—covers daily operational while also investigating new activities expenses, including salaries and bene- that may be better positioned to move Association Revenues ts; rent; marketing; expenses related the Association forward and provide AALL saw total revenue of $4,189,179 to committee administration; scholar- enhanced value to members and stake- in 2017, which was 2 percent less than ships and grants; professional develop- holders. During the 2016-17 year, the the $4,271,692 in 2016. ere are three ment; and all Association publications. Association completed the successful major sources of revenue for our e sta continues to work with the launch of the upgraded AALLNET, Association, which fund Association Board to reduce overall expenses, held our rst-ever, well-attended programs and activities: membership while investigating income generating Competitive Intelligence workshop, dues, AALL Annual Meeting regis- opportunities. Some cost savings were introduced the KnowItAALL daily trations and fees, and revenue from realized with the 017 AALL Annual eNewsletter featuring AALL member the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals Meeting. While expenses for AALL articles with more than 500 nonmem- (IFLP). In reviewing how each of these Spectrum rose this past year, changes ber subscribers, implemented the Body revenue streams performed in the 2017 implemented to Law Library Journal of Knowledge, and continued to oer scal year, we found that membership have resulted in expense reductions. the biannual Management Institute. dues of $921,984 was up from the If any member has questions or $906,332 collected in the 2016 scal Looking Ahead comments about the Association’s year. Membership dues constituted 26 e AALL Executive Board con- nancial performance or policies, percent of the Association’s overall rev- tinuously evaluates how specic please don’t hesitate to contact me or enue. Revenue from the AALL Annual Association activities and related Paula Davidson.  Meeting decreased by 9 percent from costs advance the profession of law the prior year. Income from IFLP was librarianship and support the profes- also slightly down by $9,809 over 2016. sional growth and development of our See gure 3. members. e Finance and Budget Overall, AALL’s net assets showed Committee works with sta to ensure an increase of approximately 3 percent the Association budget is not only over the prior scal year for a total of aligned with the strategic goals of JEAN L. WILLIS WILLIS JEAN L. BY © 2018 $5,697,617. knowledge, community, and leader- ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR SUPPORT SERVICES ship, but that it is also consistent with Sacramento County Public Law Library AALL nancial policies. e Executive [email protected]

2018 CALENDAR

MAY JUNE 14-17 111th AALL Annual Meeting & 04 AALL Annual Meeting 01 2018–2019 AALL membership Conference, Baltimore, MD Innovation Tournament year begins

submissions due AALL Annual Meeting early-bird • ••• 10-11 AALL Competitive Intelligence registration ends QUICK LINKS Strategies & Analysis 18 AALL Annual Meeting pre- AALL ANNUAL MEETING conference workshop registration 11 Michigan Association of bit.ly/AALL2018 Law Libraries Spring deadline for: workshops, library Education Meeting tours, and ticketed SIS events AALL EDUCATION bit.ly/AALL-education 16 AALL/LexisNexis Call for JULY Papers Award submissions due AALL/LEXISNEXIS CALL (student division) 12-13 AALL Executive Board Summer FOR PAPERS Meeting bit.ly/AALL-callforpapers

12 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG FAVORITE APPS 4CLICKS They help us save items to the cloud, generate reports, quickly capture and edit screens from any device, manage to-do lists, and stay organized with our day-today tasks. What apps are essential to your workday?

LAWTOOLBOX GOOGLE KEEP “LawToolBox is an auto- “There are a number mated, rules-based, of list-making and legal calendaring cloud note-taking apps—I’ve app that makes legal tried (and still use) calendaring and calcu- several! But the one I’ve lating legal deadlines a become extremely fond breeze. It will generate of lately is Google Keep. a deadline report for With Google Keep, you an individual case and can create typewritten MURAL LIGHTSHOT auto-populate multiple or hand-drawn notes, “We licensed Mural “There are more robust Microsoft Outlook cal- checklists, and pictures. for our legal design screen-capture tools endars with one push; You can organize your course, LawX. The available, but the this makes calendaring notes with labels, and basic feature is a huge free Lightshot tool is in more than one calen- pin important notes to whiteboard that you quick, easy to use, and dar across our legal aid the top. When notes can drag notes, images, doesn’t disrupt my practice more efficient are no longer relevant, text, and other files workflow. Lightshot for us. Our CMS (central you have the option to to. It has templates allows users to make management system) archive or delete them. to guide the design edits directly from the does not include a As with other Google process. We have used initial screen capture, rules-based automated products, the app syncs it for brainstorming, and it includes essen- calendaring feature (it across all my Google empathy maps, work- tial editing tools (pen, has a basic calendar- access points, so I can flow mapping, service line, arrows, squares, ing module), and we create lists on my com- envisioning, screen text, and highlight). If desperately needed puter or on the app, and design, prioritization of you need more editing the rules-based auto- have them automati- grant proposals, plot- tools, you can upload mation feature to help cally sync. You can also ting competing designs your capture to their with legal calculations. set reminders for notes for web layouts, and to comprehensive web- LawToolBox has proven by date/time or loca- develop task lists for based editor. Another to be an excellent, tion. I use this app for product launches. Its nice feature allows affordable option that work and personal use, collaboration features users to search simi- fits within our limited so the location feature are amazing, allowing lar images on Google, budget.” has become especially multiple people to directly from the screen Julie Hall; Admin Director helpful with grocery contribute at the same capture. I find Lightshot of Training, Technology, and lists—I add the address time. As a thinking and to be the most efficient Other Support; California of my grocery store to organizational tool, tool for creating the Rural Legal Assistance, Inc; the location reminder, Marysville, CA for us, it is incredibly visual examples that and the next time I’m powerful.” I use throughout my http://www.lawtoolbox. there, my list pops up com/ (iPhone, iOS, Android; David Armond; Head workday.” on my phone!” pricing available for the web of Infrastructure and Marisol Roberts; Information Ashley Ames Ahlbrand; application and Office 365) Technology; Brigham Young and Library Services Assistant Director for Public Services; Indiana University TELL AALL SPECTRUM University Law School; Manager; Hopping Green & Provo, UT Sams; Tallahassee, FL Maurer School of Law; What apps are essential Jerome Hall Law Library; Mural.co (Windows 10 and app.prntscr.com/en/index. to your workday? Email Bloomington, IN [email protected] and iOS; $12/per membership/ html (Windows and Mac; month) free) keep.google.com/ your answer may be (Windows, iOS, Android;

Image © iStock.com/Alexander Mikhailov/Victor/Alex Belomlinsky Mikhailov/Victor/Alex © iStock.com/Alexander Image featured here. free)

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 13 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CYBERSECURITY BY BRIAN DONATO, MICHELE GOSSMEYER, KEVIN MOORE & JON SEGGER

Tips law librarians and legal information professionals can use to keep information secure within their organizations.

14 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Technology in law ﬁrms has changed dramatically in recent TO KNOW ABOUT years. Many of you may remember bills being produced on dot-matrix printers, accounting reports being printed on “green bar” paper, and even the days before email when Selectric typewriters were considered “high tech.”

echnology has made and service delivery needs, and provid- many things in the legal ing law librarians and legal information world faster, easier, and professionals with technology and secu- more ecient. However, rity information to safely and eectively as with most things, advance in their arenas. “easier” oen comes with ILTA’s LegalSEC (security) group Ta catch. e catch with technology’s focuses on the increasingly complex eciency is the frequent trade-o that world of security in the legal industry. must be made with the need to under- A steering committee of volunteers stand and mitigate risks. provides thought leadership and strat- Firms who ensure that educa- egies for raising security awareness and tion and communication eorts are knowledge to enhance the legal com- coordinated with their technology munity’s security posture. Following are programs have the best chance of a few cybersecurity tips that should be maximizing the value of technology helpful to you and your organization. while minimizing the risks that come with it. e legal industry has made Data Loss Prevention (DLP) great strides over the past several years DLP technology works by identifying in building relationships, developing certain types of information and apply- communications, and sharing security ing controls on where that information knowledge that strengthens the indus- can go. A common example is detect- try. e collaboration between the ing key words or patterns that match American Association of Law Libraries credit card data within emails (e.g., cc# (AALL) and the International Legal xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx) and prevent- Technology Association (ILTA) is a ing them from being sent to external great example of this. Each associa- email addresses. DLP requirements can tion looks for ways to share valuable aect legal researchers, librarians, and information across its groups, helping knowledge management professionals, technologists understand workow particularly when accessing and sharing

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 15 for the key to “unlock” them. Some Law ﬁrms are increasingly being asked by their clients to programs just pretend to be ransomware. NotPetya, for example, has been implement DLP tools and processes to more securely manage described as a weapon of mass destruc- the ﬂow of their data. tion, likely designed by a nation-state actor, to create havoc. While these Despite the above challenges, addi- attacks can be very sophisticated, other tional steps can be taken to reduce the similar attacks are spread by a simple overall risk of data loss. Controls such malicious attachment to an unsolicited as blocking the ability to upload con- email that, when opened, installs the tent to cloud storage and web-based malware. Be very suspicious of any email sites, along with blocking write unsolicited email, particularly those access to removable storage devices, with attachments or links. such as USB drives, can be easily Beyond developing best-practice implemented. ese are controls that security defenses, increased client clients look for to reduce the risk of scrutiny has also helped drive improve- data “loss.” Further, it is important ment in law rm information security, to have structured logging and alerts especially from regulated industries for email activity that “violates” data such as nance and healthcare. e list loss prevention policies agreed upon below highlights some of the common precedent, know-how, or research by your rm’s management, along security requirements rms are work- information. with clear and well-communicated ing on with clients: Law rms are increasingly being policies on how to handle condential ¡ Maintain security policies and pro- asked by their clients to implement information. DLP tools and processes to more cedures that are approved by management, reviewed frequently, and securely manage the ow of their data. Common Client Security revised appropriately. However, implementing DLP in a law Requirements rm can be tricky for a few reasons: Would it surprise you to learn that ¡ Secure all client-related data and 1. Legal documents rarely contain eas- most law rms are under constant documents to only those individuals ily predictable patterns of data, such cyberattack? Firms are under siege, working on the matter. whether it be from scans of their net- as that in the credit card example ¡ Ensure all rm members participate works that attempt to nd an unautho- above. Simply searching for key- in security education. words within documents can lead to rized way through the rm’s defenses, “false-positives” where, for example, or from malicious email links that, ¡ Require unique user IDs and com- client A may be referenced in an when clicked, provide hackers silent plex passwords for each user, require unrelated matter for client B, and control of the victim’s machine. Most passwords be changed every 90 days, thus blocking communication on attacks don’t succeed, but when they and limit how oen they can be that basis might cause an unwanted do, they can seriously aect a rm’s reused. business operations and performance, impact. ¡ Encrypt sensitive data that is at rest with results ranging from a single (i.e., stored on a hard drive, thumb 2. Legal matters oen involve sending user’s computer being impacted to an drive, etc.) or in motion (i.e., data information to multiple parties. Rules entire email, document management, that is sent via email or similar implemented to control the ow of intranet and/or phone system being technology). such information must consider all rendered inaccessible. Recovery times possible valid recipients—including for these attacks can range from min- ¡ Enact employee termination policies recipients who might be external to utes to weeks or even months. and procedures to ensure that termi- the law rm or the client. (For exam- Multiple law rms have fallen vic- nated rm members no longer have ple, you may need to block the trans- tim to recent malware attacks (e.g., access to systems. mission of credit card data for some WannaCry, NotPetya, etc.). Malware ¡ Apply security patches promptly; this clients while you also unblock it for rapidly spreads by multiple methods can be complicated, especially for users of your travel reimbursement to computers on the same network. rms with hundreds of servers need- system). Sometimes this happens within min- ing monthly patches. 3. Keeping rules up-to-date amidst utes across hundreds of servers or changing requirements can be a thousands of users’ workstations. ¡ Audit rm’s vendors to ensure they full-time job in an arena where Ransomware renders the victim’s use the same security standards as headcount is very limited. les inaccessible and demands ransom the rm.

16 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG A comprehensive client questionnaire scenes and within your email system, AALL 2018 ALERT can include hundreds of requirements. you may hear the acronyms from your Don’t miss the session “Businesses Be Warned: Data Breaches Don’t For further details on controls being technology teams or when receiving Discriminate,” Monday July, 16 from requested by clients, see the Association requests from clients for “secure” 11:30 a.m.–12:30 p.m. For more informa- of Corporate Counsel Guidelines email/le transmissions. tion visit bit.ly/AALL18Databreach. (available at bit.ly/MJ18ACC) on what ¡ Sender Policy Framework (SPF) AALL2go EXTRA in-house counsel should expect from enables an organization (email Watch the 2017 AALL Annual Meeting their vendors, including law rms, program “Understanding Security domain owner) to specify which sys- or access the white paper “Staying in Threats to Better Collaborate,” tems may send email on their behalf Compliance with Client Conditions,” at bit.ly/AM17Security. and authenticates the return path. from the 2016 Law Firm Information READ Governance Symposium (available at ¡ Domain Key Identied Mail (DKIM) Lori B. Andrews article “iSpy: Threats to bit.ly/MJ18Comply). uses rules and cryptography to Individual and Institutional Privacy in the Digital World,” from the May/June authorize email server addresses to 2017 issue of AALL Spectrum at Email Protection/Authentication verify the message. Limitations of bit.ly/MJ17iSpy. It is amazing to think that even though these standards are that the valida- email has been around for almost 30 tion can be “spoofed” by a malicious years, we still assume the “sender” is sender, allowing phishing messages who is listed in the “From” line. We are to get through. conditioned to immediately open an ¡ Domain-based Message email because we believe it is business Authentication, Reporting, and communication that might be import- BRIAN DONATO Conformance (DMARC) is a “tri- BRIAN DONATO BY © 2018 CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER ant or time-sensitive. Email is espe- ple-authentication” method that cially important to law rms, who use Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease LLP ensures that the ‘From’ eld, the Columbus, OH it to communicate with clients, oppos- return-path, and the cryptography [email protected] ing counsel, federal/state/local courts, signature elds match. and government agencies where deadlines are a critical part of legal service Email authentication requires delivery. knowledge of the email system’s Email systems were not initially infrastructure, constant monitor- designed with sender identity authen- ing, and updating to protect from tication because they were designed new attacks. Your rm may be using MICHELE GOSSMEYER for productive uses, and the malicious services such as Agari, Mimecast, GLOBAL DIRECTOR, INFORMATION GOVERNANCE, RISK & COMPLIANCE © 2018 BY MICHELE GOSSMEYER BY © 2018 use of email systems came well aer or Proofpoint to assist with authen- Dentons their creation. Combining the ubiquity tication. Communicating with Chicago, IL of email today with this weakness has your email support team when you [email protected] produced the rapid rise of “phishing receive suspicious messages and/or attacks,” which entice recipients into unusual requests to share informa- divulging sensitive information, open- tion is one of your best defenses. ing attachments, or clicking embedded links. Email authentication xes the Keeping Information Safe weakness mentioned above by ensur- No matter what your role is in your

ing that the recipient of an email can organization, everyone is a valuable KEVIN MOORE MOORE KEVIN BY © 2018 determine the legitimacy of the sender part of mitigating risks and keep- CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER Fenwick & West LLP and, if not, discard or quarantine the ing things more secure. If you don’t Mountain View, CA message. Email authentication can be already have an open dialog with [email protected] an important tool for legal researchers your rm’s security and/or infor- and information teams who receive mation technology team, contact volumes of data from countless them or the ILTA LegalSEC team. sources, helping to ensure that they are Every opportunity we have to learn dealing with legitimate sources pro- more about various rm roles and tecting their rm’s systems. workows provides us with valuable ere are three standards for email information to help protect our rms, JON SEGGER JON SEGGER BY © 2018 INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGER authentication that your rm may use  our clients, and our industry. Linklaters LLP to help authenticate the sender. While London, England

Image © iStockPhoto.com/Hywards/ChakisAtelier Image this authentication happens behind the [email protected]

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 17 MOVING FROM CONTENT AGGREGATION TO CONTENT INTELLIGENCE

Gaining a competitive o give clients their best advice, law rms need to ensure that their lawyers are informed about the latest news, legal devel- advantage from the opments, decisions, and deals—and that they keep an eye on the competition, too. Forward-thinking rms are taking data-driven insights that content aggregation tools used for more than a decade to the content intelligence next level by providing content intelligence (CI) platforms. TContent intelligence is a combination of business intelligence and con- tools provide. tent management that helps law rms leverage a vast amount of unstruc- BY STEVEN A. LASTRES tured data and empowers lawyers to make smart strategic and tactical decisions. e primary benet of content intelligence is that it delivers personalized information to each individual or team within an organization based on their particular focus and personal preferences. User features include real-time current awareness dashboards, which give lawyers the ability to search across the entire data warehouse of the rm’s premium subscription services and internet resources, and allow them to create their own alerts. Additionally, by leveraging technology and

18 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Moving beyond Content current awareness content that is being Aggregation pushed to end users. Furthermore, e use of content aggregation tools in with the new economic realities that law rms is not new. In fact, a majority the legal industry has faced since the of rms deployed these tools almost Great Recession of 2008, lawyers today a decade ago to solve a basic problem are not only focused on practicing lawyers had, whereby they were inun- law today, they are also focused on dated with dozens of daily emails from business development. Accordingly, vendors pushing their publications the amount of time lawyers have avail- directly to the lawyers’ email inboxes able to spend keeping up with current and clogging a communication chan- awareness, both for the practice and nel meant primarily for clients. As a business of law, is compressed. result, content aggregation became Due to the convergence of expo- widely adopted in law rms because it nential growth in content sources and solved this business problem. Content the breadth of what lawyers need to aggregation tools provided an eective know to be successful as practitioners the expert know-how of information method to enable lawyers to consume and business developers, lawyers have professionals that is embedded into current awareness more eciently by shied how they consume current practice groups, client teams, industry aggregating all of the content relevant awareness. No longer is it customary for sectors, and market teams, law rms for a lawyer into one daily email at the a lawyer to read an electronic newsletter can publish curated enewsletters that beginning of their business day. cover to cover. Instead, lawyers now are far more relevant and targeted to What dynamics have changed to look for targeted content by scanning the specic needs of their audience account for content aggregation tools the headlines of current awareness than automatically generated alerts. no longer being seen as an eective material and searching for specic con- Actionable intelligence is also being solution for delivering current aware- tent to implement on a real-time basis. pushed directly on to practice groups, ness? With the age of the internet Many traditional aggregation tools have client teams, and industry intranet came the disaggregation of the major not kept up with these changing user pages, as well as their lawyers’ mobile legal publishers. What started as a needs. is has led to a demand for a devices. Lawyers can now keep up on a handful of publishers mushroomed smarter tool that can help lawyers eec- real-time basis with the latest informa- into thousands of publishers from tively search and lter for the most rele- tion that impacts their practice, making traditional media as well as social vant and actionable information related them not only knowledgeable, but also media. As a result, there has been to their specic preferences based on proactive in serving their clients. exponential growth in the amount of their practice, clients, deals, etc.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 19 own publications on a 24-hour cycle. In fact, users are looking for tools that provide not only content, but also provide context, extract the noise, and help CONTENT INTELLIGENCE them quickly focus on the most relevant information. As stewards of the rm’s MARKET PLAYERS information resources, how do information professionals advance from pro- Below is a brief synopsis about each of the market players in the legal sector as of February 2018. On page 22, you will find a table listing each product’s key functionality. viding content aggregation to providing Confirm that the key functionality outlined in this article is provided by your vendor of content intelligence? choice. You should look for a content aggregation tool that makes use of the latest technology to help you move up the value chain by delivering content intelligence that can Checklist of Functionality be used to make key decisions and provide better client service. to Consider in a Content ¡BNAConvergence – the strength of BNAConvergence, now part of Bloomberg Law, Intelligence Platform is the proprietary BNA legal newsletter content and the vast collection of Bloomberg sources. BNAConvergence provides pre-built dashboards that can be filtered to ensure Taxonomy and Search relevance and deeper search capability and trending analysis. A mobile version is also e backbone of any content intel- available for on-the-go access. ligence system is the taxonomy that ¡InfoNgen – describes itself as a real-time discovery engine for business, finance, and enables information professionals to information professionals that automatically monitors and extracts highly relevant accurately and automatically catego- information. While a relative newcomer in the legal sector, it provides a sophisticated rize content by nodes, such as subject, user portal platform that aggregates and indexes all content and automatically tags it client, industry, geography, practice with InfoNgen’s robust metadata. group, etc. Look for relevant, pre-built search taxonomies to aid in reducing ¡LexisNexis Newsdesk – a relatively new product offering that came about as a result noise, as well as opportunities to over- of the LexisNexis acquisition of Moreover Technologies in 2015. The combination of lay your rm’s custom-built taxonomy LexisNexis premium content, which includes The Wall Street Journal and thousands with the platform’s out-of-the-box of other business, legal, and news sources, together with the Moreover Technologies taxonomy. Remember that a robust current awareness and media monitoring tool, makes it a formidable competitor in taxonomy leads to more eective and the content intelligence space. ecient searching of resources and ¡ Manzama – has developed a strong client base with law firm marketing departments, on-point content delivery. It is highly primarily for monitoring a wider range of news and social media sources focused on recommended that when evaluating any business development and competitive intelligence. They also provide professionally content intelligence platform, you spend prepared premium intelligence reports created by their in-house industry analysts. a signicant amount of time testing to Most recently they have developed a new product called Signals. ensure you receive expected results. ¡Ozmosys – was one of the first content aggregation, search, alerting, and content Look to see which underlying delivery tools used by large enterprises to control information overload. Ozmosys search engine the vendor is using. Is consolidates high-value information from leading content providers and publishers it a proprietary search engine or an and removes barriers found in typical distribution methods. Most recently, Ozmosys industry leader like IBM Watson? has developed a new platform called ‘Open Alerts,’ which provides a customizable e more robust the search engine, end-user dashboard. the better the results will be that you ¡Vable – formerly known as Linex, Vable is a UK-based content intelligence tool that can deliver to your end users, and the has made significant inroads in the U.S. with law firm clients. Their content automation easier it will be for your end users to platform was completely overhauled in late 2016, and now uses IBM Watson search to nd content on their own through the power its taxonomy and search engine. platform. Also make sure that your search engine provides robust ltering capabilities, so that you can narrow and sort search results.

The Role of Information teams, and rm leadership, but also Source Management Professionals what custom content is needed for e old adage of “garbage in, garbage In law rms, there is an expectation individual practitioners to be success- out” applies to content intelligence that information professionals should ful. No longer is it acceptable to simply platforms, too. It is critical to your understand what specic content is push RSS (rich site summary) or XML success to evaluate the source man- required not only for practice and (extensible markup language) feeds that agement tool that enables informa- industry groups, client and market publishers provide as they update their tion professionals to manage all of the

20 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG organization’s content sources (free, While lawyers tend to live in email, and other decision-makers at the rm, premium, and rm proprietary con- pushing content via email is not and has raised their prole as valued tent). Be aware that some vendors may enough. Leverage your ROI (return on partners in supporting the business charge you to add premium content. investment) on your content budget by and practice of law. Do not overlook the ability to connect streaming content into your SharePoint to your rm’s automated HR system intranet, particularly on client team, Competitive Intelligence and or AD (Active Directory) feeds so practice group, and industry pages that Data Analytics that you can programmatically assign lawyers frequently visit. Remember that With the inux of big data in the legal sources to certain individuals, teams, one approach does not necessarily sat- industry, it is critically important that or the entire rm. Can you control the isfy all users. Keep in mind that dierent your content intelligence platform relevancy of sources by pushing articles lawyers like to work dierently, so you automate the gathering of competi- from certain sources higher up in the should ensure that your tool can work in tive information, business news, and search results, or by excluding certain ways that the lawyers want to work. social media using an analytics engine groups? designed to nd, analyze, display, A critical feature of any source man- Curation and Publishing and disseminate intelligence to help agement tool is the ability to obtain As lawyers continue to get buried in an drive results within your organization. detailed metrics by content title, user, avalanche of content, information pro- When lawyers receive daily alerts via and distribution list. Having granular fessionals have come to their rescue by email there is a lack of insight into metrics enables the information pro- providing curated newsletters for prac- and context surrounding the plethora fessional to negotiate licensing agree- tice areas, market teams, management, of feeds that they are receiving. e ments that are aligned with “actual” and industry groups. As more infor- ability to provide data analytics insight usage, and to understand what content mation professionals are being embed- through cloud tagging by industry, your users nd valuable. User metrics ded into various legal and marketing entity, persons named, and geography are invaluable in moving further along teams, they are becoming keenly aware is indispensable in today’s data-driven the content intelligence spectrum, as it of what actionable information those world. Bar charts showing the volume allows you to use hard data to evaluate teams need, who makes up their client of news that’s being generated on a and understand user needs. bases, and what kinds of prospective particular day, for a particular client, clients they are courting. at provides or a particular feed provide helpful Content Delivery excellent insight for the information insight that cannot be replicated by e content intelligence platform professional to cherry-pick the content traditional daily email pushes. In must have the ability to seamlessly that’s most relevant from all of the con- terms of media content, it is more integrate content via RSS, XML, APIs tent sets that the group receives. is important today than ever before that (application programming interface), eort has become extremely valuable we include social media channels in PDF, URLs (uniform resource loca- because it saves the lawyers time from addition to traditional media. ere tor), emails, Twitter feeds, and website having to scroll through and navigate are several providers that are scrap- scraping into one platform. Integration all the content that a typical content ing content from social media, which helps engage and reach users on your aggregation tool pushes to them. What has become important for law rms rm’s intranet, extranet, and mobile we now hear from our lawyers is that in sending out client advice memos, apps, with focused content and import- “if I don’t have time to read Law360, press releases, and other information ant information relating to specic the BNA newsletter, the Wolters onto social media platforms, such as practices, industries, and clients. Be Kluwer newsletter, and the other alerts LinkedIn. Social media has become mindful that your use of these for- that I receive each day, I just read the another key avenue for marketing and mats should conform with the license curated newsletter because I am guar- business development initiatives. agreements you negotiate with your anteed to not miss any critical content premium content vendors. ere is a that’s relevant to my practice.” In fact, Dashboard View of “My Alerts” growing trend among marketing pro- it is now commonplace for partners While lawyers are not traders that sit in fessionals to use content intelligence to regularly interact with the infor- front of a Bloomberg terminal waiting platforms to distribute internal rm mation professionals to ne tune and with bated breath for market data and newsletters within the content aggrega- tweak the curated newsletters to focus news to complete a trade, they do need tion tool, and to ingest external client on new areas of interest or potential to be kept abreast on a real-time basis advice memos from other rms to clients. is level of collaboration was of signicant legislative and regulatory monitor competitors. erefore, keep previously uncommon, aside from the issues that impact their clients and in mind that there are many dierent occasional research request. practice. As a result, a once-a-day email types of content formats beyond RSS For information professionals, this push with perhaps an aernoon update or XML that the platform needs to has opened up a new avenue of collab- is no longer sucient. Lawyers want accommodate. oration with rm leadership, partners, to be the rst to know about breaking

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 21 AGGREGATOR COMPARISON CHART

LEXIS BNA KEY FEATURES OZMOSYS MANZAMA VABLE INFONGEN NEWSDESK CONVERGENCE

Taxonomy & Search Pre-built search taxonomies Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Create and Create and Integration with firm’s custom built taxonomy manage cus- Ye s manage cus- Ye s Ye s Ye s tom taxonomy tom taxonomy Categorization and filtering by subject, client, Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s industry, geography, practice, etc. Yes (Manzama No, limited to Artificial intelligence/machine learning No Ye s No Signals) analytics Source Management Integration of premium content Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Synchronization with firm HR system or AD feeds Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s No Ye s Relevancy ranking of best sources No Ye s No Ye s Ye s Ye s Detailed metrics by content title, user, distribution list Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s De-duplication Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Content Delivery Emails, Rich RSS/ Use of RSS, XML, APIs, PDF, URLs, email newsletters, Atom, RSS, XML feeds, Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Twitter feeds and website scraping Atom, TSV, and webscraping HTML Via SharePoint pages, intranet, extranet, and mobile Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s apps Internal firm newsletters Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Newsletters Mobile friendly Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s only Mobile app No Ye s No No Ye s Ye s Curation and Publishing of Newsletters Automated option Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Curated option Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Competitive Intelligence and Data Analytics Gathering of competitive information, business news, Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s and social media using an analytics engine Ability to identify trends and interact with Ye s Ye s No Ye s Ye s Ye s information Monitor Twitter Monitor Twitter Twitter/ Social media channels Ye s Ye s Twitter feeds feeds Yammer Manzama IBM Watson Sentiment Additional features? Ye s Signals Vable Connect Discovery Dashboard View of My Alerts Ability to consume breaking alerts on all current Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s awareness Ability to disseminate the information to clients and Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s internal team members Real-Time Alerts Within 10 Hourly push, Real-time notifications Ye s Ye s Every 5 minutes Ye s minutes real-time RSS Within 10 Real-time dashboard Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s minutes End User Creation & Management of Custom Alerts Ability to set up their own custom alerts Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ability to edit and delete alerts on the user interface Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s

Manzama provides a handy News Aggregation Platform Evaluation form that is helpful as you begin evaluating platforms. Current as of February 2018 View the form at bit.ly/MJ18Manzama.

news so they can be the rst to inform which defeats the purpose of what easily view and consume breaking news their client. However, sending out real- content aggregation tools were meant on all of their current awareness alerts, time alerts to a lawyer’s inbox runs the to solve. Instead, by providing the user as well as disseminate the information risk of bombarding their inbox with with a dashboard view of their alerts on to clients and internal team members, a plethora of new additional emails, their desktop or mobile device, they can subject to copyright permission.

22 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Real-Time Alerts While no tool is likely to check off all lawyers. This is particularly important While many publishers now provide the boxes in your RFP, there are oppor- with your premium content sources. real-time alert services via an email tunities for you to draft a provision into Neutral content intelligence tool push, it is imperative that you confirm the contract agreement for the vendor vendors that do not create and sell that your content aggregation tool to develop the functionality you need their own content, such as InfoNgen, has the ability to push those real-time within a short period of time after sign- Manzama, Ozmosys, and Vable, are alerts on to a user’s dashboard or their ing an agreement. Also, don’t overlook more likely to benefit from close rela- group or client team page, as opposed the service-level agreement (SLA) to tionships with all legal and business to clogging up a lawyer’s email inbox. ensure your vendor can deliver on a publishers than content intelligence Arguably, while there may be times platform that works as close to 24/7 as tool vendors that also publish and where a specific alert needs to be possible with little downtime for main- sell content, like Bloomberg BNA pushed via email, what is needed is tenance and upgrades. and Lexis. Be aware that some legal the flexibility to offer it in both the publishers like Lexis and Westlaw will content aggregation tool as well as Testing the Tools require an additional agreement to in email. While you can use your RFP check- allow their law firm clients to stream list to narrow down your choices, in their content through a content intelli- End-User Creation and Management order to understand which tool really gence tool. of Custom Alerts gets you closest to solving your firm’s Don’t underestimate the deploy- While many partners do not fully content needs, you must conduct at ment time that it takes to implement utilize many of the technology tools least two pilot tests to kick the tires. a content intelligence tool. It is highly deployed at law firms, we are now see- The pilot will provide you with valu- suggested you use a project manager, ing that change due to the millennial able feedback to understand what the since it is likely to take a minimum of lawyers, who are more hands-on. In tool does well and what you thought it three months to get all of your feeds and order to accommodate their desire to could do but it really doesn’t do. Pilots alerts onto any new system, as well as create their own alerts, a content intel- should include information profession- sync users from your HR or AD system. ligence platform should provide the als and a pool of end users comprised Further, you will likely need to ded- end user with the ability to set up their of lawyers and marketing professionals. icate one or more full-time equivalents own custom alerts, and allow them Good candidates to evaluate a new tool (FTEs) to managing and maintaining to edit and delete alerts on the user should include the top complainers at the content intelligence platform. Do interface. While these end-user created your firm who are telling you they’re not overlook the need for some lawyer alerts are not substitutes for the pro- drowning in information. training and a feedback loop. fessional alerts created by information Remember to not get side-tracked Finally, remember that what lawyers professionals, they do provide the end into looking at products that only have want most out of a content intelli- user with more choices. a great administrative tool that helps gence tool is the ability to keep up on the information professionals better a real-time basis with the latest rele- Who Are the Market Players in the manage content, but which does not vant information that impacts their Legal Sector and How Should You address the needs of your primary end practice and clients, making them not Evaluate Their Tools? users. Focus first on what it is that the only knowledgeable, but proactive in There are some excellent content intel- lawyers need, because they are the core serving their clients. The closer your ligence tools in the legal market. On audience that will be using the tool. content intelligence strategy is aligned page 20, I mention vendors who, as Next, look for a tool that has a simple to the business strategy of your organi- of this writing, are the serious market and easy-to-use interface. Unnecessary zation, the more successful you will be players in the legal sector. What makes complexity will prove to be a barrier in meeting the needs of your lawyers a great tool for one law firm may make to adoption. Secondarily, focus on the and firm. Actionable information leads a poor choice at another firm. It is needs of the information professionals. to better client service. ¢ incumbent upon every information After you find a content intelli- professional to perform their due diligence tool that has all of the bells and gence review. whistles that you could possibly want, Create a detailed request for pro- provide the vendor with a list of all of posal (RFP) focusing on the content, the publishers, as well as titles, that features, and functionality you need you would like to disseminate to your delivered to solve the business prob- users. Do this to confirm that the con- STEVEN A. LASTRES lems you are trying to solve for your tent vendor has fully executed licenses DIRECTOR OF KNOWLEDGE © 2018 BY STEVEN A. LASTRES A. STEVEN BY © 2018 and distribution agreements with those MANAGEMENT SERVICES users. Don’t forget to survey your Debevoise & Plimpton LLP lawyers and conduct focus groups to publishers to ingest and distribute the New York, NY

Image © iStockPhoto.com/Jfanchin/PeopleImages/Teekid Image determine their needs. content that you want to send to your [email protected]

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 23 “WHO IS THIS?” MOVING FROM AUTHORITY CONTROL TO IDENTITY MANAGEMENT

Practical guidance n addition to cataloging creative and intellectual products, librarians create and maintain records for the people and organizations on the successes and responsible for those items. is work, known as authority control, challenges from three distinguishes individuals and provides a means to access their body of work. In past centuries, the library community tightly held on to this large institutions. task by housing these records in printed physical form, such as card BY SUZANNE GRAHAM, DONG JOON LEE, Icatalogs. More recently, these les moved to online databases, such as the ERIK RADIO & HANNAH TARVER Library of Congress National Authority File (NAF) and Virtual Internet Authority File (VIAF), which have experimented with less library-specic record formats. is opening up of traditional library work has coincided with the increased ability of individuals to create professional proles for themselves in a variety of platforms (e.g., ORCiD, Scopus, and LinkedIn). Developers of new name registries can use the librarian-curated name authority les to enhance their databases, and librarians can use the reg- istry entries to supplement their catalogs. Below are brief case studies from three large institutions with evolving projects underway to organize, disambiguate, link, and promote individual creators through linked open registries and apps. Discussion of these projects provides an introduction to, and practical guidance on, the benets and challenges of leaving the connes of name authority control for the broader world of identity management.

24 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG “WHO IS THIS?” MOVING FROM AUTHORITY CONTROL TO IDENTITY MANAGEMENT

University of North Texas authorized forms of their names. (Read from the repository’s Scholarly Works Name App the full study at bit.ly/MJ18Digital.) collection, and sta manually added By Hannah Tarver e study reinforced the grow- subsequent names as needed. ing feeling among library sta that Primarily, the focus is on names istorically, authority con- they had to start controlling names related to the UNT community, though trol for faculty members’ locally, particularly for those people other names are included to facilitate names in the University associated with UNT, since there metadata creation for selected collec- of North Texas (UNT) was no reasonable expectation that tions. Since developers created both Digital Collections was other libraries would assume this the system and the app in-house, they H were able to connect the app directly to not a priority for several reasons. responsibility. However, any solution Nevertheless, metadata editors were needed to be able to manage names the metadata editing form. As an editor encouraged to consult authorities without prior control as well as those types a name into the creator, contribu- when applicable and to use available with one or more authority records tor, or publisher elds, the app prompts authorized forms. As the UNT Digital or established identities. To address the user with a list of authorized forms Library accumulated more scholarly this issue, sta in the Digital Libraries of possible matches, along with helpful items (both current and historic), Division developed the UNT Name disambiguation information. concerns grew about maintaining App (code is available from the UNT Although there are likely many consistency for names of faculty mem- Libraries GitHub account at bit.ly/ changes that may be useful, there is at bers who did not have established MJ18UNTgit). e App creates a least one area of interest to consider for authorized names, including former or unique, linkable URL associated improvement. While the app has pro- deceased faculty. In 2013, the Digital with each local authority record, and vided more standardization, the names Libraries Division published a brief includes the ability to link to external remain stored as character strings study, “Implementing Name Authority authority records (Virtual International within individual metadata records. Control into Institutional Repositories: Authority File (VIAF), NAF, etc.) or Ideally, in the future, these metadata A Staged Approach,” showing that only identities (ORCiD, Twitter, Wikipedia, records will be able to store hyperlinks 30 percent of faculty who had submit- etc.) when they are available. An initial that point to a local authority record

Image © iStockPhoto.com/Chombosan/Kohb/Luismmolina Image ted materials to the Digital Library had set of names was imported into the app when one exists.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 25 Texas A&M University specialized knowledge of the MARC Scholars@TAMU (Machine-Readable Cataloging Record) By Dong Joon Lee format for authority records. In addition, the identication of authoritative he Texas A&M records for some entities has become University (TAMU) too dicult, or even impossible, Libraries develop and because no one regularly updates them maintain Scholars@ to include new elds or works. TAMU, a faculty prole In response to the limitations, system, and Research the TAMU Libraries employ two TInformation Management (RIM) approaches: (1) the development of System, which includes the identities a faculty prole system using VIVO and the scholarly records of TAMU’s ontology representing research infor- faculty. Scholars@TAMU is based on mation, and (2) the motivation of VIVO, a member-supported, open- individual faculty members to increase source, semantic-web soware pro- e contextualize task, dened by their involvement in and contributions gram. In support of the Libraries’ goal FRAD as clarication of the relation- to their own identities. In a recent of enabling and contextualizing the ship between the dierent entities article titled “Readers, Personal Record discovery of scholars and their exper- that appear as access points, has Managers, and Community Members: tise across disciplines, the scholars’ become a major concept for librar- An Exploratory Study of Researchers’ proles include a faculty member’s ies. For example, contextualizing Participation in Online Research academic background, publications, within a university setting entails an Information Management Systems,” teaching activities, grant activities, understanding of the relationships the authors conrm that increased and related subject headings. among the faculty members, their researcher participation to RIM sys- e TAMU Libraries’ approach is aliations, their scholarly work, their tems improves the quality of their forged around the four “user tasks” expertise, their teaching activities, identity records. dened in “Functional Requirements and their grants and awards. Scholars@TAMU serves as the for Authority Data” (FRAD), a con- As the need for identity manage- University’s authoritative record of ceptual model for authority records ment has grown in recent years due to the faculty’s scholastic achievements. developed and published in 2009 increased interest in preserving more e system aggregates heterogeneous, by the International Federation of types of outputs and the proliferation authoritative data from internal and Library Associations and Institutions of online works, the limitations of the external databases and allows the fac- (IFLA). In addition to claiming traditional process of name authority ulty to manage or control their own the user tasks of Find, Identify, control are more pronounced. e scholarly narratives by contributing Contextualize, and Justify, the model creation of authorized name headings authoritative data (see Figure 1). e species the attributes of and the can be too slow and unresponsive library seeks to integrate the traditional relationships between intellectual as it relies on a body of work and a library name les with the faculty pro- entities, including names, to control preferred form of the name. e input le system and with TAMU’s multiple and/or manage authoritative records. process is also too complex, requiring institutional repositories (IRs). Currently, Scholars@TAMU automatically col- lects data from OAKTrust (TAMU’s Institutional Digital Repository, built on DSpace repository soware), and Human Resource Websites in the future will collect from two TAMU Faculty Expert/Collaborators Finding other TAMU IRs, built using Fedora and Dataverse soware. e disam- Grants/Awards Portfolio/Vitae biguation of authors’ names between DATA Publications/Scholarly Works Network Analysis Scholars@TAMU and OAKTrust has Teaching/Courses Ad hoc Queries been implemented by the use of name string search, but TAMU Libraries is Institutional Repositories Reports conducting multiple pilot tests to make a decision concerning the use of a personal name identier, such as ORCiD, ISNI (International Standard Name Identier), and local URI (Uniform Figure 1. Heterogeneous data sources of TAMU identity management system and its diverse use cases. Resource Identier).

26 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG AALL 2018 ALERT Don’t miss the session “Game Day! It’s Librarian Skills vs. eRecords to Demonstrate ROI for the Win!,” Sunday, July 15 from 2:30 p.m.– 3:30 p.m. For more information visit bit.ly/AALL18eRecords.

AALL2go EXTRA Watch the 2017 AALL Annual Meeting program “From Authority Control to Identity Management: Managing— Not Controlling,” at bit.ly/AM17Authority.

Identity Management at the Consistency allows for greater University of Arizona discoverability. For example, faceted By Erik Radio search is really only useful when there are multiple variations of a heading. dentity management has long been However, the aordances of linked an area of interest in bibliographic SUZANNE GRAHAM data suggest that referring to a URI METADATA & ANALYTICS LIBRARIAN practices. At the University of GRAHAM SUZANNE BY © 2018 rather than a pre-coordinated string of University of Georgia School of Law Arizona (UA), identity management characters would help avoid the com- Alexander Campbell King Law Library takes dierent forms based on the Athens, Georgia plications caused by having multiple [email protected] context of the work involved, but the variations coexist, while not negatively Igoal is the same. Whether the items are aecting retrieval. Yet preparation and digitized archival resources or works curation of metadata for a linked data in an institutional repository, it is environment requires varying degrees desirable to refer to recognized author- of remediation work. at is, it is neces- ity les to ensure consistency for the sary to match existing names with those names of those responsible for them. from linked data providers to insert the DONG JOON LEE

e digital collections use VIAF to JOON LEE DONG BY © 2018 appropriate URI, which allows library ASSISTANT PROFESSOR determine name headings, which has sta concomitantly to x existing Texas A&M University Libraries the added benet of supplying URIs College Station, Texas names. is double benet allows for [email protected] for potential linked data integration. greater consistency while also preparing RIM is another area of signicant the metadata for linked data integration. interest at UA, and a recent integra- While the specics of what dis- tion between ORCiD and UA’s RIM covery will look like in the future and platform facilitates the synchronizing what role linked data will have in that of works shared between the two dif- process remain to be seen, at a base

ferent systems, lessening the burden RADIO ERIK BY © 2018 level, positive eects of more web- on researchers to update them man- ERIK RADIO friendly name heading projects can be ually. For faculty-produced resources METADATA LIBRARIAN seen through achieving greater consis- Office of Digital Innovation that are ingested into UA’s institu- and Stewardship tency in and across digital collections. tional repository, it is possible to align University of Arizona Libraries The Future Tucson, Arizona preferred names through ORCiD, [email protected] though the details of this workow As libraries invest more in identity are still in nascent stages. While there management solutions to support their are several identity les from which digital repositories, sta will need to to draw, ORCiD is the preeminent understand dierent record formats and one for academic audiences, particu- how to incorporate data into and from larly due to its inclusivity. Although broader registries. Making our authority both the Library of Congress Name work discoverable by the larger pub- HANNAH TARVER Authority File and VIAF are much lishing and research communities will DEPARTMENT HEAD TARVER HANNAH BY © 2018 larger sources, they have stricter benet researchers and producers by University of North Texas Libraries Digital Projects Lab criteria guiding the creation of new merging and capitalizing on strengths of Denton, Texas entries. the various identity systems. [email protected]

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 27 RETHINKING DIGITAL REPOSITORIES & THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS

Guidance for choosing the best platform for your legal scholarship in an ever-changing publishing environment.

BY MARGARET SCHILT, KAREN SHEPHARD & CAROL WATSON

28 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG ver the last two years, changes in the legal publishing arena involving digital repository platforms have raised concerns about the future of open access. In the summer of 2016, Elsevier, a leading commercial publishing company, acquired SSRN (the Social Science Research REPOSITORIES Network), including its Legal Scholarship Network. Elsevier’s move concerned many legal scholars and law librarians, who feared that Othe open access policies of the SSRN platform would disappear. Slightly more than a year later, concerns intensied when Elsevier purchased bepress, developer of the Digital Commons platform used by many academic law libraries for their digital repositories, as well as for hosting their law reviews and journals. While there has been no indication that the open access initiatives of these platforms will be altered, the possibility that a future need for prots could jeopardize free and open access remains a real fear in the legal scholarly community.

Why This Matters Open Access & SSRN How important is it to law schools and Today, nearly half of the American their faculties that their scholarship be Bar Association (ABA)-accredited law posted in an open access online repos- schools have legal repositories and itory, outside of traditional law review SSRN series. In addition to previously and monograph publishing? Ten years published print scholarship, many ago, the question could have been repositories have expanded their con- debated; today, the answer is clear. It is tent to include born-digital materials, immensely important. So much so that data sets, and other types of archival or it is among the American Association historical materials. of Law Libraries (AALL) basic tenets— Law schools have used open source to provide or enable “open access to options, home-grown systems, and information for all individuals” and “to commercial platforms to preserve and promote open and eective access to provide access to their scholarship. legal and related information.” Without SSRN and bepress’s Digital Commons the free and immediate exposure that are the most popular of the platforms, open access repositories enable, writers although a new entrant has come run the risk that scholarly dialogue will into the arena: LawArXiv. LawArXiv leave them behind. e question is not is being developed by LIPA (Legal whether to post, but where? Which Information Preservation Alliance), open access solutions best meet the NELLCO (New England Law Library needs of law faculties while also ensur- Consortium), and MALLCO (Mid- ing perpetuity? America Law Library Consortium) Only a few legal repositories existed librarians in conjunction with Cornell before Harvard faculty’s Open Access Law School to provide an open source, Mandate of 2008, and the Durham nonprot alternative for digital preser- Statement on Open Access to Legal vation and access to legal scholarship. Scholarship (2010) inuenced many How does the law school and law academic law libraries to seize the librarian select from among these alter- opportunity to increase the scholarly natives? Each platform oers distinct impact of their faculties. advantages and has potential pitfalls.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 29 Bepress’s Digital Commons Platform Each year 70,000 to 80,000 new or revised papers are deposited in Bepress’s Digital Commons platform SSRN. Scholars keep track of the download counts of their papers has been adopted by many law schools and use the platform as a repository for their publications, from as a way to obtain a larger audience working drafts to published articles. for their faculty’s scholarship. Digital Commons oers a customizable website presence along with the option of creating Selected Works pages for each faculty member. e platform is search engine optimized and oers exposure to an international audience. Law librarians oer various levels of support to their faculty in creating a Digital Commons site; some libraries create the site, upload all the scholarship and maintain it, without faculty input, while others create the site and provide assistance and advice to faculty who wish to participate. While bepress has been committed to open access in legal scholarship in the past, law librarians worry that Elsevier’s acquisition could signal a move away from that core commitment.

A Closer Look at LawArXiv And with limited time and stang, for among researchers, permitting great at concern is one of the driving faculty authors as well, is it worth it— ideas that have been published in more factors behind the development of or even possible—for schools to partic- obscure journals to be read by anyone, LawArXiv. Corie Dugas, co-founding ipate in more than one repository? and encouraging creation of some- member of LawArXiv, explains that e history of open access in law thing new by exposing the breadth and LawArXiv “started as a reactive project begins nearly 20 years ago with SSRN’s depth of existing scholarship. Access when Elsevier acquired SSRN … [as] Legal Scholarship Network. Each year to earlier-stage research increases legal scholars were concerned, right 70,000 to 80,000 new or revised papers relevant current research. SSRN’s big- or wrong.” SocArXiv, a social science are deposited in SSRN. Scholars keep gest advantage is its immense corpus, open access repository, initially was track of the download counts of their which enables Elsevier to position considered as a possible platform, but papers and use the platform as a repos- itself as a data informatics and network was instead adopted as a model for itory for their publications, from work- analysis company. LawArXiv, designed as a unique space ing dras to published articles. SSRN Familiarity, ease of entry, and the specically for legal scholarship. e oers law schools the opportunity trust that law schools and scholars have Center for Open Science, through the to establish a presence on the plat- placed in SSRN will help it continue to Open Science Framework, provides the form, enhancing the reputation of the grow, so long as it remains true to its platforms and their backend technology. institution through the impact of the core commitments—open access and its But what particular advantages scholarship deposited by their faculty, ability to leverage, as Gordon says, it’s does LawArXiv have to oer legal or, in many cases, by the library or law “human curation and cross-disciplinary scholars who already are posting their school on behalf of the faculty. classication to facilitate discovery and scholarship, oen with the assistance Gregg Gordon, managing director of ease of use.” Carol Watson, director of or direct eorts of law librarians, SSRN, is well aware of the role librarians the University of Georgia Law Library, on a variety of digital repositories, have taken on to help promote faculty acknowledges that “the history of open including Digital Commons, SSRN, scholarship. “ at’s what librarians do,” access in law for many law schools ResearchGate, and others? said Gordon, speaking at the AALL began with SSRN, and SSRN, now LawArXiv is a free, non-commer- Annual Meeting last summer, “they help owned by Elsevier, will retain a signif- cial platform that is owned and main- others to be successful by pushing their icant grip on the open access market tained by members of the scholarly ideas forward.” According to Gordon, going forward, especially in view of legal community, including academics one thing that makes SSRN outstanding Elsevier’s recent acquisition of bepress’s and librarians. is approach frees is that it has leveled the playing eld Digital Commons platform.” LawArXiv from the vagaries of market

30 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG forces, Dugas advises. It is committed ¡ Content. Best practices for pre- UPDATE to remaining free for scholars and serving born digital and nontradi- Since this writing, a project involving three pilot schools began, testing how users. e LawArXiv community has tional content such as video, audio, best to integrate the SSRN and bepress a direct impact on how the platform blogs, datasets, and open education platforms. SSRN managing director evolves, and “[LawArXiv’s] approach resources need to be developed and Gregg Gordon said in a March 21, 2018 is that when scholarship is truly open, consistently applied. As more schol- webinar, “If tests go well, later collabo- it shouldn’t matter what platform you ars produce content beyond print ration with other repository platforms, such as LawArXiv, would not be out of the are on,” what matters most is getting scholarship, law librarians can excel question.” According to Gordon, different the scholarship out there and main- at capturing this type of data. platforms and tools like PlumX, Digital taining it. ese core commitments are Commons, Google Scholar, and SSRN ¡ Choice. very appealing to law librarians, but Information professionals provide different services. Understanding those who have committed to another must confront the reality that fac- how they can work together can be a huge advantage for all. A paper on platform may nd actually switching ulty are overwhelmed with the variety of services and systems available the integration project will be shared to LawArXiv, or adding LawArXiv as at the AALL Annual Meeting in July. a secondary platform, to be dicult. to host and preserve their intel- LawArXiv currently oers only indi- lectual content. Our top priority AALL2go EXTRAS vidual paper uploads. For this reason, should be to provide expert advice Watch the 2017 AALL Annual Meeting program “Digital Repositories, Law the repository is currently testing batch on choice of platforms and to apply standards that enhance discover- Libraries, and the Future of Open upload capabilities, which will be essen- Access,” at bit.ly/AM17DigitalReposit. tial to convincing law schools to switch ability, access, and preservation of our institution’s scholarship and Watch the 2016 AALL Annual Meeting to LawArXiv or add it as an additional program “Sustainable Planning platform for scholarship. Additional fea- archival materials. for a Digital Repository,” at bit.ly/ AM16Repository. tures such as enabling an institutional ese commitments are essential to as well as individual presence are on the making the choice of platform truly horizon and should enhance its growth. one that is best for the scholarship of a particular law school or law library at a Four Important Areas of Focus particular point in time. Development Law schools and librarians face of best practices and interoperable data important choices, such as what plat- will enable law schools and libraries to form to recommend, how to deal with MARGARET SCHILT avoid being constrained by past choices ASSOCIATE LAW LIBRARIAN © 2018 BY MARGARET SCHILT MARGARET BY © 2018 any barriers to entry, and whether (and or blindsided by platform changes that FOR USER SERVICES to what degree) they should be con- are not consonant with its objectives. University of Chicago strained by choices made in the past. D’Angelo Law Library Chicago, IL To steer these decisions, academic law Repositories and the Future [email protected] libraries should focus on four areas: Law librarians are uniquely posi- ¡ Standards. With the proliferation tioned to navigate this complicated of systems, data standards are hap- environment by leveraging their expe- hazardly applied, resulting in a lack rience with multiple platforms, and of interoperability among systems. by applying their understanding of Law librarians must adhere to Open scholarly communications. With their KAREN SHEPHARD Access and Open Access Archive guidance, law schools can condently INFORMATION SERVICES © 2018 BY KAREN SHEPHARD BY © 2018 (OAA) standards. It is critical to choose the best repository (or repos- LIBRARIAN agree upon and apply metadata itories) to satisfy their individual and University of Pittsburgh Barco Law Library standards as well as determine how institutional repository needs, while Pittsburgh, PA to measure usage. at the same time support the goal of [email protected] ¡ Impact. To maintain continued sup- open access to legal scholarship into port for repositories, libraries must the future. track open access success stories and Everyone agrees that more expo- communicate their impact. Harvard sure for legal scholarship is a good Law’s repository includes a unique thing. Open access to that scholarship benets the researchers themselves, feature inviting visitors to share how CAROL WATSON the public they are addressing, and WATSON CAROL BY © 2018 they have used the repository’s schol- DIRECTOR OF THE LAW LIBRARY arship. eir link invites users to the progress of ideas. Development of University of Georgia School of Law “Please share how this access benets competing platforms to achieve these Alexander Campbell King Law Library goals is also a good thing.  Athens, GA

Image © iStockPhoto.com/Vertigo3d/Greyfebruary/Georgijevic Image you. Your story matters.” [email protected]

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 31 LEADERSHIP

LEADER PROFILE THE 25th LAW LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS

2017 was a big year for Jane Sánchez. On February 1, 2017, Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden announced that Sánchez would become the Law Librarian of Congress, succeeding fellow American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) member Roberta Shaffer.

32 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Jane Sánchez had previously served as chief of served as a business unit managing director humanities and social sciences at the Library at the U.S. Government Publishing Oce, of Congress. Her time as a legal information as an associate director of justice libraries in professional and law librarian has included the Justice Management Division of the U.S. several important private sector and govern- Department of Justice, and nally as depart- mental positions, each of which has contrib- mental head of history and culture libraries at uted to what has become a remarkable career the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, before at both the Library of Congress and the Law becoming chief of humanities and social sci- Library of Congress. ences at the Library of Congress in 2014. Sánchez has worked in libraries most of her Sánchez has been a member of AALL since adult life—since her undergraduate days at the 2012, serving on both the Government Law University of New Mexico, as part of a work- Libraries Special Interest Section (SIS) and the study program. “Upon graduation, I worked at Government Documents SIS. Here, she shares two libraries at Harvard University—Lamont, her professional journey and career insights, the undergraduate library, and the Gutman and oers advice to those just entering the eld. Library in the Graduate School of Education,” notes Sánchez. Her rst experience with legal Describe a typical day. materials came when she was working as a man- e Law Library must remain exible to ager for a judicial opinions unit at BNA, Inc. respond to the needs of Congress on a “We acquired slip opinions from federal and daily basis, so no two days are ever alike! state courts, and I supported the legal editors by omas Jeerson noted, “ ere is in fact supplying them with slip opinions that matched no subject to which a member of Congress their subject areas, and later wrote a proposal for may not have occasion to refer.” We must be responsive to our Congressional colleagues’ needs—whatever the subject may be. One day, a Member of Congress could ask our foreign “Now that I’m at the Law Library, I see how crucial it is for the law specialists about fees charged for asylum library to continue safeguarding the world’s historical and applications. e next day, we could receive a request to use a rare book for a swearing-in current legal materials. We must remain as a leader in foreign, ceremony. Recently, I donned a hard hat to comparative, and international law research.” tour the active construction site of the Law Library’s new secure storage facility—a second, much-needed space to hold our precious rare book collection. Another day, I looked over the the source material management system,” says blueprints for a law stacks replacement shelv- Sánchez. “ is system would be a repository for ing project. On another day, I had the plea- all primary legal documents coming into the sure of poring over one of the many research company, including court slip opinions, state reports produced by our foreign legal special- Attorney General opinions, state laws, state ists, including: Miranda warning equivalents regulations, etc.” In fact, the system has only abroad and the regulation of drones around recently been retired, some 20-plus years later. the world. Finally, the Law Library is digitizing She received her JD from American a number of primary legal documents to make University’s Washington College of Law and them freely available (at no cost) to the world. her MLS from Simmons College in Boston. Following her time at BNA, Inc., she also What have the positions you’ve held taught you about the Law Library of Congress and the role it plays in society as the world’s largest law library? JANE SÁNCHEZ When I worked at the Department of Justice 3 LAW LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS (DOJ) library, I was an external customer of 3 LAW LIBRARY OF CONGRESS the legal research done by the Law Library of Congress. At a time when the National Security 3 WASHINGTON, DC

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 33 LEADERSHIP

QUICK HITS WITH JANE SÁNCHEZ How does your background working in different types of libraries—both law and non- law—benefit you in your current position? When you have a specialized library such as the Law Library of Congress, most of the time, patrons need help nding what’s in the law collection. However, the rest of the time, we’ll get a “curveball” question that requires Favorite book/or non- us to marshal our knowledge about the entire book items in the Library Library of Congress collection. I came from the of Congress? Humanities and Social Sciences Division of the I never tire walking past Library of Congress. Being familiar with that Thomas Jefferson’s ebooks or print? Words to live by? collection allows me to connect patrons with Library in the Jefferson Both! I still love to hold The “Golden Rule” has Building. There’s also the subject specialists who can answer their a book in my hand, and always served me well, the wonder of the Main questions on religion, political science, history, I love the smell of paper. and I try very hard not to Reading Room, or the medicine, and other topics outside of law. But I have my e-reader “judge.” Keep an open mind entire Jefferson Building, filled with books to until you have all the facts. at that! What treasures! read, too. What’s the biggest challenge you face as Favorite TV show to binge Most unusual item in the iPhone or Android? watch? Law Librarian of Congress? Library of Congress? iPhone Tin Star, Endeavour, and For me, it would have to be Our biggest challenge is trying to keep up with The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. Last book you had the Abraham Lincoln’s Bible, and anticipate future resource needs. While pleasure of reading? Favorite travel and Mrs. Lincoln’s pearl we are fortunate to have 30 bright and talented The Marsh King’s destination? bracelet and necklace. foreign legal specialists and American law- Daughter by Karen Anywhere I haven’t trav- She wore them to Abe’s yers/librarians, we must constantly evaluate Dionne. eled already! I love discov- inauguration. ering new places. our human resources in support of Congress. Because legislative agendas change with the times, the Law Library must adapt our expertise to best serve Congress. Sometimes, that requires reaching outside the Law Library to get assistance for countries and jurisdictions we don’t currently support.

Division was being stood up, we were receiv- What do you see as the biggest challenges ing more questions that required foreign legal facing the profession? expertise. I triaged foreign law reference ques- e law librarian community’s biggest challenge tions from DOJ attorneys and referred them is demonstrating value when many are satised to the Law Library. Also, on one occasion, the with a “quick search.” at is, working with Law Library found an expert witness for us. patrons who conduct quick online searches Now that I’m at the Law Library, I see how that yield an answer—not necessarily the best crucial it is for the library to continue safe- answer—that bubbles up to the top of the guarding the world’s historical and current results list. e need to provide results that sat- legal materials. We must remain as a leader isfy patrons’ desire for immediate gratication in foreign, comparative, and international is competing with our desire to demonstrate law research. e Law Library’s collection is the greater value that comes from producing approximately 60 percent foreign legal materi- results that are authoritative, authentic, accu- als, and the foreign law specialists have unique rate, and objective. expertise to answer the toughest questions for some 240 jurisdictions. Also, we’ve had a num- What advice would you give to those ber of foreign visitors remark that our collec- looking to advocate for themselves or their tion exceeds what they have back home. libraries? As a law librarian, you should always be marketing your library’s services to users in your

34 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG large institution) or determining others who could benet from your collections and services. Get involved in your organization’s activities (e.g., helping develop a strategic plan) so you can continue to shape expectations, and remain relevant as things change.

What role has AALL played in your career? AALL was instrumental early in my career when I was at BNA, Inc., a respected legal publisher. To be able to meet our subscribers face- to-face at annual conferences was extremely important for me in understanding the needs RENEW and wants of our customers. I learned what they wanted from BNA as a provider of legal information. Now, in my current role, I appre- YOUR AALL ciate AALL’s advocacy on behalf of law librarians and the legal information profession. MEMBERSHIP What lessons have you gained through the Continue to enjoy the benefits leadership roles you’ve held? of membership and renew today. When I rst became a manager in the 1980s, a colleague passed along some advice (from her We Champion Our Profession & Our Members father, actually!) that I try to live by every day. at advice was to treat everyone fairly. Being KNOWLEDGE Law librarianship continues to evolve fair means applying policies and practices rapidly. AALL offers ongoing professional develop- uniformly across the organization, and being ment opportunities that keep you on the leading edge open to listening to all sides before making of changes in legal information. decisions. COMMUNITY A network of colleagues for resources, What career advice would you give to best practices, and recommendations is critical. AALL newer law librarians? offers you perspective only peers can provide. I would encourage newer law librarians to take a chance and try dierent roles (either func- LEADERSHIP Legal information professionals are tional ones within their library, or leadership essential. AALL communicates the value of law roles within an association). In my own career, librarians and offers opportunities for you to estab- I’ve been a cataloger, created back-of-the-book lish, grow, and share your professional value and indexes, developed and assigned metadata expertise. for databases, been a reference librarian, and I’ve worked for a legal publisher and many RESOURCES Legal information is a unique field. AALL dierent types of libraries, both inside and members know the power of having knowledge of, outside the federal government. Build a sup- and access to, the right information at the right time; port network early on; you never know who leveraging online resources, national alliances, and may assist you later in your career. Consider the collective brainpower of nearly 4,500 law librari- public service! Public service oers opportuni- ans, you can always deliver. ties to apply your knowledge in ways that may surprise you, allowing you to stretch beyond single areas of law. RENEW BY MAY 1 ONLINE for a chance to win one of What’s something most people don’t know bit.ly/AALLrenew18 three complimentary about you? registrations for the 2018 AALL PHONE 312.205.8022 I have a twin brother—I come from a family of Annual Meeting & Conference. nine children, with three sets of twins!  LEADERSHIP

ASK A DIRECTOR Safeguarding Privacy & Data

uestion: How can librarians assist in data privacy and data protection efforts as the issues become Qwider and more complex? •

••• ore than 50 years ago, an economist named Edgar S. Dunn Jr. argued: “We must somehow commit resourc- Mes immediately to the task of developing the techniques for safeguarding human rights as we exploit the great advantages of our new technology. …” (Read the full article at bit.ly/MJ18Amerstat.) This is still true for law librarians. DAVID ARMOND We should do at least three things to encourage data privacy: HEAD OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Keep inuencing the development of data privacy policies in your Brigham Young University own organizations—librarians should set the standard for frank and Law School honest disclosure. Provo, UT [email protected] 2. Keep reading vendors’ privacy policies and, to the extent possible, make things uncomfortable for bad actors (librarians are oen the only ones who read the policies and pay the vendors).

36 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG 3. Keep educating users about how our patrons’ trust over their income, don’t store the ultimate, penulti- their private information can be it is worth trying to inuence contem- mate, and antepenultimate user. used, and why they might want to porary culture, rather than just sitting shop around before giing their per- idly by on the sidelines. We serve both 3. Be ready when hacked—sadly, it sonal “brand” to information pro- the winners and the losers of the digital is only a matter of time. Planning viders who leverage data acquired revolution. for the required legal disclosures from “free” services. eir personal But leading on privacy policy required by a data breach will private data has value. requires us to also lead in data protec- sharpen your sensitivity to what tion. erefore, we should do at least you should keep and how hard you Our leadership in the intellectual and three things to protect our patrons’ should work to protect it. data privacy domain is fueled by the fact data privacy: that we’ve had a front-row seat to the Law librarians have decades of rst- digitization of print materials and the 1. Only keep data we absolutely hand experience dealing with increas- customization of online research and need. ingly complex technologies and their discovery tools for individual users. It unintended consequences. Once our probably hasn’t hurt that we are willing 2. Anonymize data whenever we collective houses are in order, we must to read things, including dense legal can—if we only need to know if an reach out to help those who need our material. Because we traditionally value item was used aer it was returned, expertise but may not know it.

• ata privacy and protection have been important issues since ••• the days of paper files. Ensuring that client information is not Dobtained by unauthorized entities is enshrined in the Amer- ican Bar Association’s (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Rule 1.6), and it has been a matter of sacred trust for attorneys for a long time. The name of the game in data protection is risk man- MARK GEDIMAN agement. Having good policies and procedures in place provides DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH a road map for handling data, and demonstrates a level of due SERVICES diligence should the unthinkable happen. Best Best & Krieger LLP Riverside, CA [email protected]

A good way to manage the risk is to Current awareness is an important authentication using emails or text have clear policies outlining how the component of data protection and messages is now normal for any public rm’s data is handled. ese policies privacy. Industry groups adjust their records service. e librarian’s experi- oen will include guidelines as to how guidelines, legislative bodies introduce ence using these types of systems can long to retain data from a client (the new legislation, and agencies propose provide a valuable contribution to the Retention Policy), processes governing new regulations constantly. It’s just as rm’s development, implementation, access to sensitive client information important to keep the decision makers and maintenance of these types of (including ethical screens and personal up-to-date on these developments as security protocols.  data), and protocols for transferring it is to provide them with information data in and out of the rm. Using about current events. is isn’t any dif- their intimate knowledge of the rm’s ferent from other services we provide culture and practice, librarians know attorneys on a daily basis. where to look for the rules, regulations, Data protection has also become and information to address the rm’s a concern with third-party online unique needs. Finding and evaluating services. Aer a series of highly publi- checklists and forms with the proper cized data breaches, the requirements language for the rm is another way for accessing these services has become librarians can apply their expertise. much more rigorous. Multifactor Image © iStockPhoto.com/MF3d © 2018 by David Armond; © 2018 by Mark Gediman by Armond; © 2018 David by © 2018 © iStockPhoto.com/MF3d Image

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 37 ADVOCACY

TECH TRENDS IMPROVING OPEN GOVERNMENT

Enhancements to government t the 2017 American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) legislative websites allow Annual Meeting, we presented a panel discussion enti- for greater accessibility tled “Tech Trends + Transparency: Enhancements in Government Legislative Websites.” In preparation for the and transparency. panel, we enlisted sta from the Global Legal Research BY TARIQ AHMAD, Directorate of the Law Library of Congress to survey and HANIBAL GOITOM & Aevaluate enhancements made to approximately 50 parliamentary websites. ANDREW WEBER A key aspect of participatory democracy requires governments to be transparent and accessible to the public. Numerous legislative bodies around the world have made enhancements to their websites to improve open government. A variety of innovative features allow constituents and researchers to locate and utilize detailed information

38 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG on laws and lawmaking processes in various ways. ese include search and browse functions, tracking and In the United States, Congress.gov has a variety of tracking op- alerts, apps, mobile friendliness, audio tions. Constituents can subscribe to receive notiﬁcations of and video feeds of legislative debates, changes to a bill’s status, the sponsorship or co-sponsorship of and other unique features. legislation by a Member of Congress, and the addition of new e Law Library of Congress survey and the panel discussion focused on items to saved searches. aspects that improve accessibility and, by extension, transparency.

Search & Browse e ability to search and browse are current status of the bill in the legis- Mobile Friendliness core functions available in almost lative process, including the last stage As more trac to websites occurs all government legislative websites. completed. Moreover, the status of via mobile devices, mobile friend- However, some websites are more the bill can also be tracked through a liness is becoming a key feature for advanced than others. Forty-six of color-coded bar. providing constituents with the same the 50 countries surveyed had both In the United States, Congress.gov level of access as a desktop computer. search and browse tools on all of their has a variety of tracking options. According to the 2016 Jumia mobile legislative information websites. Only Constituents can subscribe to receive trend report for Africa, 4.7 billion of four countries had search and browse notications of changes to a bill’s sta- the world’s population—close to 70 for some of their sites. Indonesia was tus, the sponsorship or co-sponsorship percent—used mobile devices. From the only country with search tools but of legislation by a Member of Congress, 2016 to 2017, page views of Congress. without browsing tools. and the addition of new items to saved gov from mobile devices almost searches. Also, legislation has a status doubled. Tracking bar that shows where the legislation e Law Library of Congress anal- Tracking allows users to follow legis in the legislative process, including ysis showed that mobile-friendly fea- islation through its various stages. Introduced, Passed House, Passed tures diverged greatly in quality. For IMPROVING OPEN Tracking capabilities improve trans- Senate, Resolving Dierences (if appli- instance, last year the Parliament of parency and engagement as users can cable), To President, and Became Law. Canada websites, including the House eectively follow the legislative process Other countries provide less of Commons and Senate websites, were and debates. irty-one of the coun- detailed means for tracking legislation. updated with a more mobile-friendly tries surveyed provide users with some For example, Tanzania provides a sim- and responsive design. Even though form of tracking or alert function to ple tracking chart for bills showing the users have been able to access legisla- receive updates on certain documents, date of introduction, the three read- tive information via mobile devices in including bills, parliamentary news, ings, and passage. Users can also sub- the past through the LEGISinfo web- committee activities, or other aspects scribe to monthly email updates. site, only parts of that website appear of the website. Twenty countries had to be mobile-friendly. e status of no tracking or alert features. Languages legislation page is not, but the text of LEGISinfo, a research tool on the Of the 50 countries surveyed, 20 legislation is mobile-friendly. Parliament of Canada’s website for have legislative websites in just one In the United States, Congress.gov nding information on pending legis- language. irty are in multiple lan- is built using responsive design to t lation, uses RSS (Rich Site Summary) guages. ree countries (Sweden, a variety of screen sizes and devices. news feeds so users can subscribe to a Germany, and Austria) also include Kenya and South Africa have also number of topics, including new bills sign language. Two (Germany and taken some steps to make their sites for the current session of Parliament, Austria) have an “easy language” more mobile-friendly by providing an new bills before committees, and the (leichte sprache) version, which makes app and a partially mobile-friendly latest activity or progress for bills. the content more accessible by using website, respectively. However, addi- Subscribers can even create a custom shorter sentences and more images. tional changes would make the infor- RSS feed matching certain lters or Canada’s site provides a nice example mation more accessible. search criteria. In terms of tracking, of side-by-side bilingual legislative each bill has a page that provides the information with French and English.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 39 ADVOCACY

this regard are Congress.gov, which is The Law Library’s analysis uncovered a variety of unique features. maintained by the Library of Congress, and Kenya Law, administered by the One unique feature shared by some of the sites is a section for National Council for Law Reporting, children. Argentina’s included coloring sheets for kids. a statutory body, both of which are funded through annual appropriations. Other governments keen on improving issues that stand in the way of access access and transparency will do well to and transparency. e gravity of such follow these examples.  challenges largely depends on the level of political and technological advance- ment of the jurisdiction. READ Key among these are infrastructure The Law Library of Congress survey is challenges, particularly among devel- available at bit.ly/MJ18LOCsurvey.

oping countries, related to access to the AALL2go EXTRA internet and electricity. Watch the 2017 AALL Annual Meeting Also, a universal challenge is the program “Tech Trends + Transparency: lack of availability of sucient Enhancements in Government Legislative resources for purposes of developing Websites,” at bit.ly/AM17Techtrends. and maintaining a legislative information system. is is at times com- pounded by the fact that eorts by various governmental and non-governmental institutions aimed at improving access to legislative information are not

well coordinated. is can result in a AHMAD TARIQ BY ©2018 TARIQ AHMAD fragmentation of eorts. FOREIGN LAW SPECIALIST Another resource-related problem is Law Library of Congress that too many websites are not updated Washington, DC [email protected] frequently enough, which diminishes their usefulness. Similarly, websites Unique Features oen do not include contextual mate- e Law Library’s analysis uncov- rial or information, such as research ered a variety of unique features. papers, debate papers, and analyses of One unique feature shared by some bills, to help users better understand of the sites is a section for children. raw legislative data. Lastly, the compet- Argentina’s included coloring sheets ing interests of the dierent audiences HANIBAL GOITOM for kids. Germany has a “virtual eagle” FOREIGN LAW SPECIALIST GOITOM HANIBAL BY © 2018 that consume legislative information Law Library of Congress chatbot that answers questions users present a challenge in terms of priori- Washington, DC type in the search box, and it provides tizing the enhancements to the govern- [email protected] links to relevant parts of the parliament information websites. mentary website. Aside from the larger infrastruc- Austria has a feature that allows citi- tural challenges, we have noticed that zens to vote on initiatives and petitions improving access to government in online. Users submit their votes by general, and legislative information in clicking a thumps-up icon. is feature particular, to a large extent hinges on is only informative in character, and is the availability of sustainable funding ANDREW WEBER © 2018 BY ANDREW WEBER ANDREW BY © 2018 not binding on Parliament, but it does mechanisms. is makes it possible for CONGRESS.GOV PRODUCT OWNER Library of Congress help Parliament make decisions. Votes investments in the most recent tech- Washington, DC are published on the Parliament web- nology for the storage and delivery of [email protected] site if users agree to publication. information, and for keeping dedicated sta that can curate and update the Challenges information regularly. In jurisdictions In addition to the challenges that are where continuous funding mechanisms specic to websites and their enhance- are available, the results have been very ments, there are also larger structural positive. Among the best examples in Image © iStockPhoto.com/Skynesher/Chombosan/Nosopyrik Image

40 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG SEEKING NEW MEMBERS: SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS PROVIDE UNIQUE BENEFITS FOR LAW LIBRARIANS

Take advantage ne of the highly touted benets of recent technological of unique networking advances is the ability to communicate almost instan- and professional taneously from any point in the world. is advance has brought new life into the old and well-established development opportunities special interest groups (SIG). For a long time, American by joining a local, state, or Association of Law Libraries (AALL) membership national special interest group. Oconsisted of the AALL Annual Meeting and the monthly or quarterly newsletter that arrived via the U.S. Postal Service. Now, AALL and other BY MADELAINE A. GORDON professional groups and associations (both national and local) oer a diverse package of benets that includes websites, listservs, specialty subgroups, online tools and resources (such as templates and forms), and immediate access to research publications. However, to fully maximize the benets of special interest groups, one should start by joining several groups consisting of dierent member types and purposes.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 41 ADVOCACY

is article outlines the benets of is a smaller, more specialized group conference calls, assist with the National belonging to such groups, which each addressing state policy issues. e Association of Attorneys General serve dierent geographic populations. research librarians group at NCSL pro- (NAAG) wiki—an information resource To start, AALL provides extensive ben- vides the opportunity to work closely for all attorney general oces—and ets to the law librarianship commu- with individuals who share my specic work on developing a series of podcasts. nity. ese include the AALL Annual daily librarian tasks. ere is a listserv Meeting, daily and weekly electronic where any question I ask is usually State/Local Groups newsletters such as KnowitAALL, and answered within a few hours. Recently, National groups have many benets, access to AALL’s government relations I received a request for the statutes that but there are also benets to be derived arm, which works to further the inter- allowed a “World of Warcra” tourna- from belonging to a state or regional ests of librarians at the state, national ment to be held in Ohio when it was librarians group. In Ohio, there is the and international governmental fronts. illegal to hold such a tournament in the Ohio Regional Association of Law Groups such as AALL excel at look- requestor’s state. In addition, the NCSL Libraries (ORALL), a regional chapter ing at the needs of the profession as a website (available at bit.ly/MJ18NCSL) of AALL with members from Ohio, whole, and the AALL SIG communi- contains a plethora of information on Indiana, and Kentucky. ese more ties (called special interest sections) topics being addressed across the U.S., localized groups allow for interaction can oen help members with research such as healthcare and housing. It has and cooperation on a smaller scale, or daily operations issues. articles and links, as well as lists of the where interests are shared by virtue legislation passed by each state on dif- of location. For example, a group of National Groups ferent topics. Membership in NCSL has law librarians in Maryland or New In addition to umbrella groups such as the added benet of access to the links Jersey may be concerned with sh- AALL, there are national groups that that provide the actual full text statutes. ing and crabbing rights by virtue of focus particularly on subsets of the is is available to any NCSL member, being coastal states, but a group of law library population. For example, not just individuals who are active in librarians from the Western states (for I am a librarian at the Oce of the the research librarians’ subgroup. example, the Mountain Plains Library Ohio Attorney General. I spend a great Librarians involved in the courts Association) may be more concerned deal of my time researching policy have a similar group within the National with environmental law and issues such issues that are of interest nationwide. Conference of State Courts (NCSC). as grazing rights. In addition, chapters erefore, I joined the research librar- ere are also groups for academic of AALL coordinate with the national ians group of e National Conference and rm librarians. Attorney General organization on advocacy issues, such of State Legislatures (NCSL). While librarians have even formed their own as adoption of the Uniform Electronic still having a national focus, NCSL special interest group and have regular Legal Material Act by their states. ese groups allow for greater networking among members through their cooperative programs and proj- In addition to umbrella groups such as AALL, there are national ects, which are easier for members to participate in due to lower costs groups that focus particularly on subsets of the law library and shorter travel distances. State and population. regional groups provide members more opportunities to work together on projects and share resources and research on issues that are important to their members by virtue of location. ere are also groups in one’s own backyard that address the issues law librarians work on daily. In Columbus, Ohio, the local bar association, the Columbus Bar Association (CBA), has formed a research librarians group. We meet once a month during the academic year, and any member can propose the topic for the monthly meeting. Past meetings have taken on a wide variety of topics and formats, including visits to dierent local libraries to see what resources and

42 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Soon, I was coordinating a small claims mediation project in Arlington, Virginia. I became familiar with the judges and the procedure specic to that county’s court system. is information was of assistance when I worked at a public law library in the area, and even lead to a part-time job to help pay my law school tuition. Another example comes from my position on a local Friends of the Public Library Board. At a board meeting, I learned the library was going to weed their Ohio reference section, with the goal of signicantly reducing the size of the collection. My library oered to take the discards. We went There is a common saying that goes, “the more people through the books and sent them to several specialty libraries who wel- you know, the more you know.” The beneﬁts from belong- comed the books into their collections. ing to multiple special interest groups bear out the truth ere were even a few legal history of this statement as everyone has their own unique skills books that we kept for our own collec- and perspectives. tion and have used for research during the past two years.

The Advantage Is Yours assistance they can provide to other Association librarians’ group has devel- ere is a common saying that goes, local libraries. One trip was to the oped a one-day, free training session “the more people you know, the more Ohio Supreme Court Library, a public for summer associates to help ease you know.” e benets from belong- law library with a large collection of their transition from academic chal- ing to multiple special interest groups resources. However, its existence and lenges to the actual practice of law. bear out the truth of this statement as services were known to only a very everyone has their own unique skills limited audience. e visit made local Additional Benefits and perspectives. Collaborating with law librarians aware of this resource. Membership in local groups can have individuals in diverse groups brings us Even if your local bar association does far-reaching benets. For example, a wider selection of resources, oppor- not have a librarians’ group, it may word spread through local librar- tunities, and people from whom you have a group you can join that focuses ian meetings about an upcoming can learn, exchange ideas, and teach in on an area of law that is one of your International Federation of Library return. I encourage all law librarians to rm’s primary practice areas. ese Associations and Institutions (IFLA) expand their network and get involved groups usually welcome all interested meeting in Columbus. Anyone who on the national, state, or local level.  individuals. Membership in local was interested could volunteer to help groups allows you to get to know the at the conference and attend at no AALL2go EXTRA Learn more about AALL’s committees, law librarians in your neighborhood cost. is provided several librarians special interest sections, caucuses, and and develop interconnected working with the opportunity to interact with chapters at bit.ly/AALLcommunity. relationships. In Ohio, e Ohio State librarians from around the world and University Law Library has a large col- to learn what issues they were currently lection of periodicals. It provides the facing. is was also an opportunity few Ohio Attorney General Library with librarians ever receive, but we were able articles and receives copies of the Ohio to take advantage of it because IFLA Attorney General Opinions in return. reached out to local librarian groups. at relationship developed during Groups and organizations you join MADELAINE A. GORDON CBA meetings. in your free time, based on personal PRINCIPAL REFERENCE Local law librarian groups also interests, can also be a benet in your LIBRARIAN © 2018 BY MADELAINE A. GORDON A. MADELAINE BY © 2018 provide training similar to low-cost professional life. For example, I took Office of the Ohio Attorney General Library continuing legal education classes. a class on mediation, which led to my Columbus, OH [email protected] Image © iStockPhoto.com/Jirsak/Chombosan Image For example, the Columbus Bar joining a mediation group in Virginia.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 43 TECHNOLOGY

AALL’s INNOVATION TOURNAMENT STIMULATING CREATIVE SOLUTIONS

The 2017 ﬁnalists and winners erriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary denes innovation as talk innovations and share “a new idea, device, or method that is implemented successfully.” In the legal world, innovation is oen seen as something successes and next steps. that serves as a better solution to a problem—something that meets the needs and requirements of an institution in the ever-changing legal landscape. Leading up to the 110th MAmerican Association of Law Libraries (AALL) Annual Meeting in Austin, Texas, legal information professionals were invited to showcase their innovative ideas and forgo the status quo. AALL’s rst-ever Innovation Tournament, sponsored by Bloomberg Law, attracted all kinds of applicants with incredibly unique ideas. In the end, three concepts made it to the nal round, and their creators— omas R. Boone (associate law librarian for electronic resources and services, Georgetown Law Library) and Matthew L. Zimmerman (electronic resources librarian, Georgetown Law Library); Katherine Lowry (director of practice services, BakerHostetler); and Jennifer Wondracek (director of legal educational technology, University of North Texas-Dallas College of Law)—pitched them to a live audience and a select panel of judges during the AALL Annual Meeting. Below we discuss the process for how applicants were selected and check in with the nalists to see how their innovative ideas are progressing.

How Finalists Were Selected Applications for the Innovation Tournament were solicited with a deadline of May 5. A preliminary review panel made up of Annual Meeting Program Committee members from each library type—private, government, and academic—was

44 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG established to evaluate applications and Judges’ Choice Winner: determine who would present their ideas in Austin. e following criteria Katherine Lowry was used to evaluate all applications, as Attorney-Facing Chatbot well as the nal pitches: ¡ Clear articulation of the problem. ¡ Clear articulation of the innovation. er successfully Benets from integrating a chatbot developing a Practice into the Practice Center included: ¡ Detailed demonstration of who will Center—a content rich ¡ be served. intranet site to serve the Increased eciency and improved ease of interaction. ¡ Approach is novel/unique/creative. needs of like-minded attorneys in their work- ¡ Saved time and eort by combining ¡ Information provided suggests likely Aows and processes across six major several steps in a process (or several successful outcomes if the innovation categories (Client Development, somewhat complex sequences of is implemented. Checklist/Forms, Briefs/Memoranda, events) into one request. Judges for the live contest included: Events Conferences, Education, and ¡ Formed a highly ecient new part Dan Blackaby (Cornell University Law Associations)—Lowry sought to take of a workow or collaborative work Library); Melanie Heller (Bloomberg the Practice Center to the next level environment. BNA); Joan Hoolihan (New York by building an attorney-facing chat- Appellate Division, Fourth Department bot, or multiple chatbots, that could ¡ Accelerated deployment/adoption. Law Library); Saskia Mehlhorn be integrated into the existing plat- Examples of open source bot frameworks (Norton Rose Fulbright); and Deb form. e chatbots would include a include: Microso Bot Framework; IBM Schwarz (LAC Group). Finalists were conversational user interface capable Watson Conversational Service; Google given ve minutes each to pitch their of understanding natural language, API.AI; and Next IT. innovation plans, and judges were so attorneys could ask it a question, given ve minutes to ask the present- such as “Do we have a checklist on ¡ Increased ability to handle routine ers questions about their innovation Cash Collateral Rules?”, or make it a requests and more widely distribute plans before taking time to debrief and request, such as “Put together a client the knowledge of skilled information choose a winner. pitchbook for company ABC and mark professionals to attorneys seeking While the judges were busy adding it due for 5/5/17.” information in real time. up their scores, audience members were asked to select the innovation that impressed them the most. Using a voting feature in the AALL Annual Meeting conference app, they deter- mined the Audience Choice Winner. At the conclusion of the tournament, Kathrine Lowry was chosen as the Judges’ Choice Winner for her “Attorney-Facing Chatbot,” and Jennifer Wondracek was selected as the Audience Choice Winner for her “Virtual Reality Lab with Public Speaking Apps” concept. Although Boone and Zimmerman did not win, they still went ahead with their innovation plans.

Katherine Lowry is presented with a check for $2,500 by Melanie Heller, Bloomberg Law Vice President and Chief of Staff, Legal Division, to help bring her innovation to life.

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professionals. Several team members across our organization are dedicated to this project, including fellow AALL members Elaine Kamp, Michelle Dewey, and Jaime Klausner.

Did any surprising challenges arise during the implementation process? Absolutely! Our experiments are constantly helping us learn new things. For example, there are techniques in training the chatbot on how to answer and how to provide the same answer for a variation of questions. If a user asks, “What is an executory contract?” Content for the bankruptcy bot includes original work product and sources from external or “Dene an executory contract?”, the information providers. chatbot should respond with the same answer. To complicate the matter, if ¡ Created an enhanced, customized build an ever-growing list of questions a user asks, “I would like to nd out user experience. and answers based on the information more information on an executory contained in the Bankruptcy Practice contract” or “I need a practice aid on In her application, Lowry noted that Centers. e content includes original an executory contract,” the response “Overall, I am seeking to achieve work product and sources from exter- should be dierent. One set of ques- higher utilization of Practice Center nal information providers. From the tions is asking for a denition and the pages, increased eciency for attor- technology side, it is about selecting other set of questions is asking for a neys in nding information, higher the right type of chatbot, experiment- practice aid. attorney satisfaction rates, and ing, building prototypes for us to test, Have you been able to measure the increased awareness and utilization of and when nished, integrating it with- value of your innovation? services and product oerings from in our existing environment. We see the external information providers and potential for eciency gains in connect- internal departments.” Who is your primary audience? Our ing attorneys to just-in-time informa- rst chatbot will focus solely on an- tion across our internal network and What challenges/issues does your swering questions for our bankruptcy external information providers. Overall, Attorney-Facing Chatbot address? group. We are contemplating addition- we forecast a chatbot will cut resolution e chatbot serves as a conversational al chatbots for other practice areas and time from hours to minutes, handle interface to aid our attorneys and sta creating dierent types of chatbots for 25 to 40 percent of common requests, to nd curated information already on other use cases. and enable our attorneys to focus on our SharePoint intranet. It allows us the practice of law and spend less time to answer questions outside of normal What have you learned since im- trying to nd pertinent information. working hours and provide a just-in- plementing your innovation? e time service. Most importantly, the learnings are deep and rich. We What’s next? Our next step is to take chatbot is scaling our domain expertise learned what did not work and what our prototype, integrate it into our to leverage knowledge from our infor- we think will move into production. production environment, and measure mation professionals. For example, there are many dierent the eectiveness of the chatbot through types of chatbots, such as a form bot, an internal study. Aerwards, there How does your innovation work? document bot, process automation will be a great opportunity to share our Attorneys and sta simply ask a bot, and a question-and-answer bot, lessons learned with other information question in natural language and to name a few. Each serves a dierent professionals looking for ways to lever- the chatbot, using natural language purpose, so a great deal of time was age this technology. processing and a small amount of ma- spent examining the strengths and chine learning, replies with quick and weaknesses of each and selecting a relevant answers. ere are two com- chatbot that best serves our business AALL 2018 ALERT Don’t miss the session “From Concept ponents at play here: content creation needs. To be successful, this process to Deliverable: Build Your Own Law and the underlying technology. To requires a well-rounded team leaning Library Chatbot,” Monday, July 16 from train the chatbot requires knowledge on the skills of a project manager, 11:30 a.m.–12:30 p.m. For more informa- and expertise from the project team to some developers, and information tion visit bit.ly/AALL18Chatbot.

46 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Audience Choice Winner: Jennifer Wondracek Virtual Reality Lab with Public Speaking Apps

s a way to give law students real courtroom experience, Wondracek proposed creating a virtual reality lab with public speaking apps Ato simulate a real courtroom setting, thereby allowing students to practice trial techniques. e implementation of such apps could provide 50,000 law students with an opportunity to practice their skills and gain the condence they need to succeed in a real courtroom setting.

What challenges/issues does your Virtual Reality Lab address? Law students are expected to become accomplished advocates—which includes knowing proper courtroom etiquette and speech patterns—during their time in law school. Due to limited facilities, law students are unable to practice in a true courtroom as Melanie Heller, Bloomberg Law Vice President and Chief of Staff, Legal Division, presents oen as needed, so they have to use Audience Choice winner Jennifer Wondracek with her check. alternate locations, such as classrooms or homes, without an audience or feedback. ese alternate locations e app will run on Android and iOS anyone who wants to gain a better do not provide the same atmosphere smartphones. e student would then understanding of what it is like to and expectations as a courtroom, so add a virtual reality headset, which advocate in a courtroom. student behaviors are modied. A can range from $10 to $150, depend- virtual courtroom with feedback fea- ing upon quality level. Ideally, law What have you learned since imple- tures such as current public speaking schools would provide access to the menting your innovation? We are applications would allow a law student headsets for students, either through currently working on a pilot program. to practice from any location, at any library checkout or purchasing more As a public institution, any time you time, and still receive feedback that aordable units and handing them out want to include human subjects in a will help improve their skills. is app as part of orientation or for a class. If research project, you must go through may also assist lawyers, undergradu- a law school does not provide access, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) ates, high schoolers, and anyone else the goal will be for the entire set up, review before starting the study. who wants to gain a better under- excluding the smart phone, to be Unfortunately, approval can take quite standing of what it is like to advocate available for under $20. a while to secure. Our rst pilot will in a courtroom. be testing student progress in a general Who is your primary audience? Law public speaking app. If this helps How does it work? We are working to students, undergraduates, high school- students improve their advocacy and create a new environment, based on a ers on advocacy teams, lawyers without courtroom, for a public speaking app. access to courtrooms for practice, and

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communication skills, we may then Technology department since the Have you been able to measure the explore more options to build a virtual equipment is nonstandard. We have value of your innovation? Not yet. e courtroom. three choices for building a virtual precision required for IRB standards courtroom: (1) pay a vendor to build will generate very useful and usable Did any surprising challenges the courtroom around an existing data. We look forward to seeing the arise during the implementation public speaking app for us, which will nal results. process? e IRB process takes longer cost a great deal; (2) nd a partner to than expected. We also discovered assist us in building the courtroom and What’s next? Finish the initial pilot. that Android handles virtual reality a new public speaking app; or 3) build Hopefully, the data will lead us to better than the iOS operating system, the courtroom and the app ourselves. the decision to build our virtual so we are purchasing dierent, more We are thus researching further grant courtroom. We have already received expensive equipment for our pilot and networking opportunities while requests for both federal and state program. is required us to obtain expanding our own personal skill sets courtroom environments, as well as exception forms from our Information on the side. other tribunal environments.

Finalists: Thomas Boone and Matt Zimmerman Digitization Manager (SaaS)

he Digitization Manager process on an individual basis with- quickly mark a task/step as complete will be used to stream- out slowing down that process; (2) simply by scanning the item’s barcode, line Georgetown Law creating a tracking system that adapts thus allowing them to track an entire Library’s workow. e to dierent item types and dierent book cart of items in just a few seconds. tool will be cloud-based, digitization workows from within a enabling other libraries single system; and (3) implementing a Who is your primary audience? Our Tand institutions to access accounts and system that can be congured and used primary audience is our own digitiza- track their own projects, in addition by multiple institutions, each of which tion team. e system must be usable to conguring the tool to reect their will have dierent item types, work- for them before we can focus on the own custom workow, processes, and ows, steps, etc. needs of external users. However, even item types. e tool will also utilize in designing and implementing that an application programming interface How does it work? A digitization system for internal use, we’re careful to (API) to enable exchanging of les/ team can enter its own item types and make things as congurable as possible metadata and automating processes, workow steps into the system and then so that others aren’t limited by our own such as populating repository metadata begin tracking individual items through library’s particular workows. directly from integrated library system the workow. Manual data entry isn’t (ILS) bibliographic records, and pub- really an option given the time this What have you learned since imple- lishing links to repository records/les would add to the process, so we’ve set menting your innovation? e temp- directly to ILS bibliographic records. up a few ways to pull data in quickly. tation to hard code specic workow is will aid in the creation of storage For example, we can generate lists from components into the system’s internals for archival masters directly within the the ILS for new items (already part of is a strong one, as it makes development tool’s interface via API calls. our team’s workow), and then upload go a lot faster. But if we code something these lists into the system, adding the like our library’s specic item types What challenges/issues does your items for tracking all at once and pulling or digitization steps directly into the Digitization Manager address? e metadata in directly from the ILS (via application, then other libraries will also challenges include: (1) tracking every the API). In addition, as the team moves have to follow those exact same types single item through the digitization items through the process, they can and steps or else they won’t be able to

48 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG use the system. us, it’s been essential that we create a structure that allows anyone the ability to make customi- zations, which means a lot more time spent building backend interfaces allowing users to add items themselves.

Did any surprising challenges arise during the implementation process? None of us are project management professionals, so we’ve faced some unexpected stops and starts due to failing to fully plan out every single aspect of the project before starting to build. Past projects didn’t have quite the sprawling scope that this one does, so we could get away with a certain level of making decisions as we go without delaying the development process. For this project, however, the lack of a clear plan for every component has sometimes had ripple eects on components we thought were already complete, but then had to be changed to accommodate later decisions.

Have you been able to measure the value of your innovation? Not yet. Implementation is not yet complete, and we haven’t been able to get our own library using the full system at this time.

What’s next? Finishing the initial prototype is the next step in the process, along with allowing our digitization team to use the system fully as its sole workow tracking tool. en we will need to nd a cloud-based home for it and add additional (beta) institutional users.

THE NEXT INNOVATION Are you in the process of developing a new, innovative, and implementable idea to improve your workplace? Think about approaches for delivering services, more effective use of existing resources, and special outreach to stakeholders. We want to hear from you! Submit your idea by May 4 for a chance to win one of two $2,500 prizes to help you put your plan into action. Submit your application at bit.ly/AALL18innovation. The digitization manager allows librarians to track the progress on all scanned items, and quickly add new completed processes by scanning an item’s barcode.

AALL2go EXTRA Watch the “Innovation Tournament” program recording from the 2017 AALL Annual Meeting at bit.ly/AM17Innovation.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 49 EDUCATION

Opening General Session & Keynote Sponsored by

Bloomberg Law & LexisNexis KEYNOTE SPEAKER JOHN WATERS “This Filthy World” Sunday, July 15 9:00 a.m.–10:15 a.m.

As an American film director, screenwriter, author, actor, stand-up comedian, and journalist, John Waters rose to fame in the early 1970s for his transgressive cult films that featured his regular troupe of actors known as Dreamlanders. Born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, he started his film career in the 1960s writing, producing, and independently financing his films. As his body of work grew, Waters went from a local boy making cheap, underground movies, to a local man making counter-culture Hollywood comedies. He is most well-known for breaking boundaries of acceptable filmmaking—his movies often cover topics of drugs, queers, abortion, and religion— nothing is sacred in his field of vision. In 1999, he was honored with the Filmmaker on the Edge Award at the Provincetown International Film Festival.

An accomplished writer, photographer, and visual artist, he has published several volumes of his journalist exploits, screenplay collections, and artwork. An openly gay man, Waters is an avid supporter of gay rights and gay pride. He has also authored a string of hysterically funny, bestselling books, including last year’s Make Trouble and 2015’s hitchhiking diary Carsick. His live one-man engagements around the country are deliciously raucous and un-PC.

50 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG MEET JOHN WATERS 2018 AALL Annual Meeting & Conference Keynote Speaker

John Waters, the iconic writer and director of the box o©ce now, the Motion Picture Association hit, Hairspray, doesn’t shy away from spectacle. His ﬁlms are of America gives you an NC-17, and they’re liberal censors, which are the known for breaking boundaries of acceptable ﬁlmmaking. His worst kind because they have a faulty keynote address for the upcoming AALL Annual Meeting in rating system. ey also have the same Baltimore this July is titled “This Filthy World,” which will touch people in power there for decades and on a little bit everything. “It’s updated and always changing— decades. We need to get young people in these positions. When liberals are it’s about humor, it’s about crime, it’s about law, it’s about villains, they’re just as fascist because fashion, it’s about movies, and it’s about politics,” says Waters. they think that no one ever disagrees AALL President Greg Lambert caught up with the Baltimore with them. Now, I’m a bleeding-heart native to help introduce AALL members to the man behind the liberal, but I do know that we have to stop being such separatists. In my brightly colored suits and distinct pencil-thin mustache. When show, I make fun of “gayly correctness”. it comes to censorship, librarians, and criminal justice, Waters I think I am politically correct in a has plenty to say. weird way, but at the same time, I don’t think they had political correctness arguments in poor schools; it’s the rich On Baltimore . . . On librarians . . . people’s problem. Well, I think Baltimore to me is bet- You know, librarians are radical. ter than it’s ever been because it’s the ere’s this popular cliché of librarians On libraries and free speech . . . only city le that’s cheap enough to being timid old ladies—you are the Well rst of all, I was corrupted at the have a Bohemia. Kids are moving here opposite. You are radical. You want to library. When I was a kid, I went to the because it’s cheap in places and it’s near give kids books that are on the banned library and I looked up everything in big cities. You don’t have to leave where list. Anybody who becomes a librarian Life magazine on the les. I’d look up you were born anymore. You don’t in any eld likes to read, is smart, and I drug addiction, homosexuality, I’d look have to go to New York or LA. As a always feel like they’re my people. up everything that I was never allowed matter of fact, you almost can’t—noth- or supposed to be interested in. And ing new is happening there because On censorship . . . so I found all of my education at the it’s too expensive. So, it seems to me Of course there is censorship. In the library; I wrote about this in one of [Baltimore] is even more vital. We’ve old days, movie censors were pretty my books, Role Models. I tried to get a got edge, come on down! stupid, they said ridiculous things, Tennessee Williams book of short sto- and they were easy to make fun of. But ries when I was really young and it said Images © 2018 John Waters John © 2018 Images

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On the politics of punk rock . . . I don’t think books should be censored for children, and I think Well I think the punk rock thing is pretty great. I host a big punk rock free speech is being able to read what you want. So I think libraries festival every year in Oakland called are incredibly important. In most cases, it’s the ﬁrst time any Burger Boogaloo. I’m doing it again young person can ﬁnd out information that their parents don’t this year—last year Iggy Azalea closed want them to know. the show. e punks are my people, and they’re from 16 to 70 years old; punks have been around for a long time now. I told them last year that whenever there is a big demonstration—for instance, when police ocers “See librarian,” like they wouldn’t leave have attacked somebody for being alive it out for children. ey [the librarians] and black—that instead of demon- wouldn’t give it to children, so I stole strating, everybody should wear police that book because I wanted to read it. uniforms. It would really be confusing So I believe that if an eight-year-old if everybody went to a demonstra- comes into your library and they’ve tion dressed as a cop, because then heard of Naked Lunch, they’re old you would have true anarchy because enough to read it. I don’t think books nobody would know who’s who. I’m should be censored for children, and I always for using humor as terrorism. I think free speech is being able to read think it’s the only terrorism I’m for. It’s what you want. So I think libraries are what the Yippies used to do—embar- incredibly important. In most cases, rassing the enemy by making them it’s the rst time any young person can look stupid. at, to me, is the perfect nd out information that their par- kind of activism. ents don’t want them to know. So I’m for libraries being dangerous. I even On the viral success of the think that you should be able to look at school using my name for the school. I commencement speech he gave in porn in libraries. I mean I know that’s loved the idea of parents saying “you’re 2015 that became his latest book, a problem, but I guess information bad, you’re going to John Waters.” I Make Trouble . . . should be made available to anyone wanted a reform school for rich-kid I don’t know. I was amazed it did [go who’s curious enough to get it. I think pyromaniacs! ere is no such niche— viral], and then it became an illustrated that’s important, even the extremes of pyromaniacs are the only kids reform gi book. Whoever thought I’d be a free speech. Without those extremes, schools usually will not take. gi book? And now it’s a record—it’s we can’t have, for example, a group such Librarians also make way for groups out on vinyl now so I’m excited about as the American Civil Liberties Union such as the Innocence Project—a non- that. I feel so proud for having a vinyl defending Nazis. I can’t imagine in prot legal organization that is commit- record out in 2018. I don’t know, I Charlottesville that anyone actually likes ted to exonerating wrongly convicted guess it just spoke to the people. I’m of them [Nazis], but yes, I am still for the people through the use of DNA testing, the generation where if anybody my extremes. I’m almost for the right to yell and to reforming the criminal justice age says “We had more fun when we “Fire!” in a crowded theater. system to prevent further injustice. were young,” I always say that means Of course I think that’s a great, radical you’re old because you’re wrong. e On an alternative career as organization. But I go beyond that: I try older generation is having just as much “criminal-defense lawyer for to free people who actually did commit fun being hackers. As soon as you stop the damned” . . . the crime, and the only other person investigating the new culture and the Yes, I would be good at that. (Or a I’d really want to be is Judy Clarke, the new music, to me, it just means you’re psychiatrist would be pretty good, too.) lawyer who accepts the worst cases, and old and that you don’t have much say But a criminal defense lawyer, yes. I’ve if she gets you life rather than the death about anything anymore.  taught in prison—several dierent penalty, she’s won. She’s the only person prisons—and actually, I still visit peo- whose career I’m jealous of. And I’m not [talking about] Judith Clark—she’s one ple in prison. I’ve helped people get out JOIN US AT AALL 2018 of prison, and I’ve been arrested, so I of the Brinks [armored trucks] robbers. Join us for AALL’s premiere education think I understand the judicial crime Although, I think she deserves to get and networking event, July 14–17 in system. Once, the corrections people out, too. I wish Judy Clarke could help Baltimore. Register now at bit.ly/ I work with oered to start a reform Judith Clark. AALL18reg—early-bird rates end June 1.

52 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG BUSINESS EDGE

VENDOR VOICE West Academic’s Publishing Past & Present

For more than 100 efore West Academic began location (downtown St. Paul, Minnesota, years, the Minnesota- oering its American Casebook which it relocated to in 2013 aer several Series® in 1908, law school years in the suburbs) remain the same as based company has professors, according to CEO when the company was founded in 1872. provided casebooks, Chris Parton, had to compile We recently spoke with Parton about study aids, and other and print their own source how West Academic is balancing its blend Bmaterial volumes—an oen time-consuming of print and digital information, the ways in educational materials and expensive endeavor. which law librarians use its resources, and to help students West’s book series provided a uniform, what he feels the future holds for legal edu- master U.S. law. reliable resource multiple law schools cation publishing. could—and did—use to educate students. Over the years, West Academic, which How has the company changed over also produces treatises, statutes, and other the years? supplementary legal products, has undergone e most noticeable change is our evo- two signicant ownership changes: a 1996 lution to digital. It’s interesting because purchase by omson Reuters (previously some elements of the business have not omson Company), and a 2013 sale to a changed, such as the focus on faculty and private equity rm, which positioned the law students. e core teaching materials company to operate as an independent entity. have evolved over the years, as innovation However, West Academic’s central goal in teaching has evolved. Until the last ve (helping people learn about U.S. law) and to 10 years, the medium was just print, so

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 53 BUSINESS EDGE

book focused on a new area of law or a new style of teaching.

Who are your customers? Law school students are our biggest consumers. ey purchase both texts adopted by their professor for class and study aids to better prepare for class and exams. Faculty not only adopt our casebooks for their classrooms as their primary text, but adopt or recommend other supplementary materials as well. Our other customers include practitioners, government agencies, courts, and law libraries. We have deep connections to law schools. Obviously, we go to the American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) Annual Meeting & Conference; that’s a great show for us. It’s the one opportunity each year where we get to interact with law librarians face-to-face. Although our focus is on law schools, we do sell a surprising amount of print and digital products to prac- xxxx titioners. ey buy titles from both our Hornbook Series® and Nutshell Series®—which were developed to help students but can also be used as reference materials. You can think of a Hornbook as a one-volume treatise. West Academic’s Study Aids Subscription includes online access to more than 500 titles, including skills-based titles, treatises, study aids, and career guides. Additionally, graduate and undergraduate programs use our materials. We have several business law books that are written for undergraduate business one of the things that has changed for as to why one answer is correct over law classes, and other titles that are us is the way we deliver content. For the other. You can interact in the used in political science and criminal the core casebooks, we discovered that moment and click on a link that leads justice programs. even though the younger generation to an additional resource for a deeper generally prefers digital media, law understanding. Are your products sold students, no matter their age, still want internationally? print books. We think it’s because the Who writes the content, and how is We oer casebooks for professors intensity of reading cases is higher it acquired? teaching a U.S.-style law course over- than the intensity of reading an article Each imprint publishes materials seas, but we mostly sell Hornbooks and or novel—having case information in authored by renowned scholars and Nutshells internationally. ey give a print, where you can highlight and take award-winning law teachers. Our broad overview of American law in a notes, is still the preferred way to con- acquisition editors have direct relation- way that is consumable. ose are the sume that material. ships with law faculty across the coun- two lines sold most overseas. It’s a small However, there are some products try, who they talk to and meet with piece of our business; we really are that work better digitally; for example, about possible new titles. Sometimes focused on U.S. legal education. in print, quizzing requires you to ip when they start talking to law faculty, back and forth between the question they hear, ‘I have a colleague at another How are your books generally sold and answer. In a digital environment, school who is doing some really inno- in the U.S.? Do students tend to a question is asked, the student selects vative teaching—talk to her.’ Oen, we order them online? an answer, and whether it’s right or are contacted with an idea for a new Our products are available on our

wrong, an explanation is provided approach to a popular subject or a online store (store.westacademic.com). © iStock.com/Chombosan/Thomaguery Image

54 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG We also oer free shipping and 14-day their students. We have a dual relation- as they are learning them in class. It digital access to select casebooks ship with law librarians who are also is the most comprehensive product immediately upon purchase so that teachers; we interact with them as a for formative assessment, and it helps students can access the content before person who adopts books students are students succeed during their time in their print book arrives. In addition, required to purchase and use as text for law school. we sell through law school bookstores class, and then as the law librarian who and online retailers, such as Amazon. purchases our books for the library. Do you think printed legal e library also frequently buys a education materials will ever How do law librarians use your copy of each book that’s been adopted be completely replaced by products? at a law school to keep on reserve, in digital versions? If a law student comes in and says, addition to having a complete selection We’ve watched a lot of other print ‘Gee, I have a question regarding an of study aids for students to access. industries be changed by digital content. area of law I don’t know much about,’ e nature of the way you consume the law librarian will say, ‘Start with Are law librarians ever involved in this content and the way lawyers work this book or Nutshell.’ Every area of developing new products? makes me think print is going to be law acts dierently; family law is very Law librarians are oen surveyed about around for a long time. ere are a lot fact-driven, other things are very case- our products and may be involved in of opportunities to use digital resources driven. [Students would] probably be beta testing for a new product while it’s to enhance print and do things print sent to a Nutshell rst, and once they in development. For example, we asked doesn’t do well, such as quizzing. But understand the concept, come back to a few law librarians to test our updated we’re a publisher; we still love books. If the librarian for more specics on how Study Aids Subscription last year and you walk by our editorial department, to solve the problem. took their feedback into consideration there are people with books out—they Law librarians look to us to provide when making improvements to the have computers, too, but they cross-ref- both print and digital oerings for product. Our account managers work erence things with books. closely with law librarians to ensure we Technology has certainly helped us are producing products that will meet advance books over the years. When the needs of their students. the company started, they were using WEST ACADEMIC BASICS lead typesetting to print books. Print Have you seen any specific trends is wonderful—but you have to think Headquarters: St. Paul, Minnesota involving digital publishing? in the context of all platforms that are available, and make sure you have the We’ve seen a trend in other higher edu- History: Originally founded as part of right mix of things so people who are cation markets toward schools using West Publishing trying to learn the law have informa- digital resources. at trend is growing tion delivered to them in a way that’s as in the law school market. Our digital Employees: 80 consumable as possible.  collections provide online resources Number of titles in its catalog: like faculty-authored quizzes and 1,600 study aids in support of this growing POPULAR SERIES trend. We oer a schoolwide subscrip- Some of West Academic’s top sellers Oldest product: American Casebook tion that includes unlimited online include: Series® access to skills-based titles, treatises, American Casebook Series®: Established study aids, and audio lectures. Now in 1908, this series was the first commer- Newest offering: West Academic’s students can study oine, too, when cially available law school casebook. Reference Collection offers conve- they download the free West Academic University Casebook Series®: Published nient online access to Hornbooks and Library app. e mobile app works in under the Foundation Press Imprint, this Nutshells for law firms, government sync with their online subscription, so series has embodied a tradition of excel- agencies, courts, law libraries, and lence since the 1930s. all their notes and highlighting will be corporations, and was developed viewable on both their computer and Nutshell Series®: Featuring concise based on an attendee’s sugges- mobile device. summaries of more than 150 topics, the tion at the AALL Annual Meeting & Nutshell Series provides understandable, We also oer a schoolwide assess- Conference. dependable introductions to a field of law ment option where students are or legal topic. Brand materials are published provided with more than 4,000 customizable, multiple-choice self-assess- Hornbook Series®: Offering detailed under: West Academic Publishing, explanations and insights into a law’s Foundation Press® and Gilbert® ment questions, designed to enrich the historical development, the series also learning experience and evaluate stu- provides background on contemporary dent understanding of core concepts issues relating to the law.

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 55 BUSINESS EDGE

REFERENCE DESK Using Tech in Disaster Planning & Management

BY LIZ McCURRY JOHNSON, DOLLY KNIGHT & MARIBEL NASH

Whether it’s earthquakes, hurricanes, wildﬁres, or a malicious malware attack on your institution, disasters—both natural and manmade—can strike at any time and you need to be able to adapt and ﬁnd new ways to do your job. Is your institution prepared to function on a remote basis? Our Reference Desk columnists oer advice when it comes to planning for and managing disaster situations at your organization.

56 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG I work in an area that is often aected by hurricanes and other inclement weather. How can I use technology to stay productive when I have to relocate or otherwise be away Qfrom my o©ce for extended periods of time?

DOLLY: You may have heard a bit about the omas re that spread from Ventura County to Santa Barbara County this past December, becoming the largest re in modern California history. ere were also the subsequent mudslides in Santa Barbara County one month later, where 23 people lost their lives. In California, the cycle of droughts, res, oods, mudslides (with the occasional earthquake) is not totally unfamiliar, but the rapid nature of these disasters this win- ter, together with the lives lost, the homes and buildings destroyed, and the interruptions to daily lives, has really taken a toll on the area and the community. For our library, because many of our users are members of the public, not being able to be open or be available made it dicult to accomplish anything productive. We were closed the rest of the week aer the res broke out, with several sta (including myself) impacted by the res. At one point, aer evacuating shiing and complex situation. It also everyone’s number handy and knowing my neighborhood in Ventura, the re kept them from getting automated where everyone lived not only allowed briey closed the freeway between notices. me to keep in touch, but it also helped where I was staying in Santa Barbara I denitely learned my lesson about me to know who else might have been and Ventura, making it impossible to keeping similar documentation about evacuated or displaced. We did have a get to my house, much less the library. our telephone system, which is one of sta member lose their home. Many Aer the mudslides, the same freeway those things I’d never thought to have members of the local legal community was closed for nearly two weeks. somewhere other than my oce. I knew lost their homes as well; living or work- In this situation, for a circulating the manufacturer of the system, at least, ing in Ventura meant knowing people library that is open to the public, I was and was able to use a guide I found who were impacted. glad that I kept notes on login creden- online to regularly update our phones As our community recovers—from tials to our website, social media sites, with more information on our status the re as well as the mudslide—we and the Integrated Library System in and to get messages from patrons. have a good chance to look back on case I needed to access them remotely; We have a small sta, and I kept in how we responded to these disasters this allowed me to communicate our regular contact with them through- and plan accordingly for the next time. library’s status to our patrons in a out the days we were closed. Having We denitely beneted from hearing Image © iStock.com/Inhauscreative/frozen shutter © iStock.com/Inhauscreative/frozen Image

MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 57 BUSINESS EDGE

through IP-authentication or an internal password management system, Last summer, our law ﬁrm was aected by a malware attack that the library quickly needs to work with essentially shut down our network for several days. Simply estab- vendors to retrieve or reset passwords lishing communication among our sta and making sure everyone for the attorneys, or to otherwise give was aware of what was happening became a major project. them the ability to access resources. Became an expert at knowing how to set up a personal hotspot. Walk around the oce and provide roving reference services where you can. Librarians can about how our friends in Northern an infrastructure for working remotely be among the most tech-savvy people California had responded to their and accessing resources or documents in an oce, and careful planning and experience of the Tubbs re earlier in by connecting to a VPN, or virtual pri- organization during a technology crisis the year. For those of you fortunate to vate network. We have invested heavily can be an opportunity for the depart- have not experienced a large disaster in electronic resources. Training is ment to show its value in unexpected situation, there’s no time like the pres- done primarily via webinar, and ref- ways. ent to make a plan—we all need to erence queries are mostly conducted While not all problems are oppor- expect the unexpected. via email. At very large law rms, such tunities for technology solutions, as as ours, when one oce is closed for librarians we need to adapt to old and LIZ: Now, let’s step over into the world inclement weather, the librarians in new technology. Take a look at your of academics and scheduled classes, that oce either work from home, organization. How can you help with something not near as dire as the wild- or, if they are unable to do so, the its disaster and emergency planning res in California, for sure. But, most work is absorbed by the librarians in and management?  everyone can agree that you are truly unaected oces. In cases of extreme an adult when you are actively wishing weather disasters, rms may even relo- against having a snow day. Snow days cate sta and attorneys to safer loca- oen lead to anxiety for both profes- tions, providing temporary housing sors and students. However, technol- and work environments. It may hurt a ogy may save you in these instances. bit, but generally, the work gets done. If you have a snow day or otherwise When technology goes down it

need to cancel class (perhaps you are makes staying productive more di- LIZ McCURRY JOHNSON stuck somewhere out of town due to cult. Having a plan to deal with the loss REFERENCE LIBRARIAN Wake Forest University inclement weather, or simply at a con- of technology is equally as important JOHNSON McCURRY LIZ BY © 2018 Winston-Salem, NC ference), consider using Webex to hold as having a plan to deal with natural [email protected] a synchronized class. A synchronized disasters. Last summer, our law rm class is basically a large conference call was aected by a malware attack that or Webex with your entire class. You essentially shut down our network could also hold a class asynchronously, for several days. Simply establishing which means you could record your communication among our sta and materials and then post them for your making sure everyone was aware of

class to review independently. I gen- what was happening became a major DOLLY M. KNIGHT erally use Camtasia to record shorter project. I would recommend main- SENIOR LIBRARIAN KNIGHT M. DOLLY BY © 2018 videos of instruction (no more than taining a local copy of a phone list for Santa Barbara Public Library Santa Barbara, CA 10 minutes) and then ask the students current sta and establishing a phone [email protected] to produce some kind of follow-up tree to make sure that all library sta work product based on the instruction. members are notied as soon as pos- e overarching theme here is that sible of a technology issue. Make a sometimes your same goals can be plan for group communication, such accomplished outside the face-to-face as a group text chain, if rm email is instruction. While not always ideal, not available, and make sure everyone

technology can be your friend when on sta is included. In addition, each MARIBEL NASH NASH MARIBEL BY © 2018 you are stuck between a rock and hard oce should maintain a local copy BUSINESS/LEGAL RESEARCH place, or rather between snow and ice. of a current list of vendor contacts. ANALYST DLA Piper (US) LLP Attorneys will still need to do research San Francisco, CA MARIBEL: Regardless of inclement using electronic resources, so if they [email protected] weather, many law rms have set up are not able to access those resources

58 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG MEMBER-GET-A-MEMBER PROGRAM

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MAY/JUNE 2018 | AALL SPECTRUM 59 WILD CARD

AALL DO YOU HAVE AN IDEA FOR A FUTURE WEBINAR TOPIC? WEBINARS SEND YOUR IDEAS TO Learn the skills, best practices, and trends you need to [email protected] maintain a competitive edge at your institution. OR SUBMIT A WEBINAR PROPOSAL ONLINE AT bit.ly/AALLproposal

AALL’s webinars allow you to learn from your home, office, or other remote locations. These live, on-demand sessions feature topics of interest and practical insights and are led by experts within the field of legal information. A free benefit to members, our webinars are available on-demand at AALL2go so you can learn at your convenience.

TOP ATTENDED WEBINARS FROM THE LAST THREE YEARS ¡2017: Library and Marketing: Always Be Cross-Selling (bit.ly/AALL2go0417Cross) ¡2016: Creating Engaging Digital Content to Teach and Promote Library Services (bit.ly/AALL2go0716Digital) ¡2015: Anticipate as a Strategic Leader (bit.ly/AALL2go0515Strategic) Image © iStockPhoto.com/Relif Image

60 AALL SPECTRUM | WWW.AALLNET.ORG Learn, Get Inspired, Take Action ... AALL 2018! 10 REASONS TO JOIN US IN BALTIMORE THIS JULY!

¡ One of the most affordable cities to visit, ¡ From the halting of British forces during everything in Baltimore comes at a the War of 1812 to Francis Scott Key penning bargain. Some of the best ways to get the national anthem at Ft. McHenry, a lot around include the commuter water taxi of important things happened here. and Charm City Circulator—both free! ¡ Their ethnic food is legit. At 20th and ¡ 36th Street in the northwest Baltimore Maryland, it’s authentic Korean barbe- neighborhood of Hampden is the ideal cue; the strong coffee and ouzo flows in shopping destination for antiques, vintage Greektown; and there’s a street nicknamed clothing, and funky boots. Corned Beef Row in the Old Jewish District.

¡ From Druid Hill Park (northwest), ¡ Their classic crab feast is the most fun with its 745 acres of green spaces, you’ll have eating a crustacean. including a conservatory, zoo, and Zen ¡ The state’s soft water, mild climate, garden, to Patterson Park (southeast) and fertile farmland make for some of the with its ice rink, ballfields, and pool, best rye whiskey in the country. Local Baltimore has plenty to offer nature- distilleries are all around. lovers and sports-lovers alike. ¡ Baltimore has the best of both worlds— ¡ July is home to Artscape, the largest the rolling hills of the Appalachian free arts festival in the country. Mountains a couple of hours to the west, ¡ Average temperatures in July range and the crashing waves of the Atlantic from a high of 88°F to a low to 67°F. Ocean just over the bay to the east.

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