Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Fakulta Architektury

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Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Fakulta Architektury VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ARCHITEKTURY ÚSTAV NAVRHOVANÍ III. FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT OF DESIGN III. ERNST WIESNER, OTTO EISLER, ZIKMUND KEREKES, MAX TINTNER, ANDRÉ STEINER NEZNÁME DIELO MODERNÝCH BRNENSKÝCH ŽIDOVSKÝCH ARCHITEKTOV. ERNST WIESNER, OTTO EISLER, ZIKMUND KEREKES, MAX TINTNER, ANDRÉ STEINER UNKNOWN WORKS OF MODERN BRNO JEWISH ARCHITECTS. DIZERTAČNÁ PRÁCA DOCTORAL THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE Ing. arch. Rastislav Udžan AUTHOR VEDÚCI PRÁCE prof. Ing. arch. Petr Pelčák SUPERVISOR STARÁ ĽUBOVŇA 2015 Abstrakt V nedávnej dobe sa podarilo objaviť v Izraeli stopu diela významných brnenských medzivojnových architektov Maxa Tintnera a Zikmunda Kerekesa, ktorí prežili II. svetovú vojnu, po ktorej sa do Izraela presídlili. Taktiež sa podarilo nadviazať spojenie s André Steinerom, žijúcim v Atlante, USA a nájsť stopu dokumentácie doposiaľ neznámeho diela Otta Eislera. Cieľom doktorandskej práce je dohľadať materiály vzťahujúce sa k dielu týchto vynikajúcich brnenských architektov a uskutočniť porovnanie ich architektonického diela. Klúčové slová Ernst Wiesner, Otto Eisler, Zikmund Kerekes, Max Tintner, André Steiner, Brno, moderna, funkcionalizmus, medzivojnová židovská architektúra Abstract The main sources has been found recently of the works of the greats architects Max Tintner and Zikmund Kerekes, II. w.w. survivors, architects who extablished their lives after II. w.w. in Israel. Also new information has been occurred in reconnection with architect André Steiner who spent his life in Atlanta, USA. Archives materials about unknown work made by Otto Eisler was also found. The main intention of the PhD thesis is to collect those unsorted materials and information of mentioned architects and to create comparison of their architectural works. Keywords Ernst Wiesner, Otto Eisler, Zikmund Kerekes, Max Tintner, André Steiner, Brno, modernism, functionalism, interwar jewish architecture - 2 - Bibliografická citácia práce UDŽAN, Rastislav. Ernst Wiesner, Otto Eisler, Zikmund Kerekes, Max Tintner, André Steiner - neznáme dielo moderných brnenských židovských architektov. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brňe, Fakulta architektúry, 2015. 119 s. Vedúci dizertačnej práce: Prof. Ing. arch. Petr Pelčák. - 3 - Prehlasujem, že som doktorandskú prácu vypracoval samostatne. Všetká literatúra, archívne zdroje a ostatné pramene, ktoré som v práci použil, sú citované a sú uvedené v zozname použitej literatúry. V Starej Ľubovni dňa 14.04.2015 .................................................. - 4 - Poďakovanie Rád by som sa poďakoval všetkým, s ktorými som na tejto dizertačnej práci spolupracoval, a ktorých materiál, odporúčania a postrehy som do práce zaradil. Bez vzájomnej ochoty a spolupráce by nebolo možné úlohu splniť. Ďakujem taktiež priateľom a rodine za ústretovú podporu a pochopenie. - 5 - Obsah 1 Úvod....................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Krititické zhodnotenie tématického okruhu dizertačnej práce................................................ 10 1.2 Vymedzenie cieľov dizertačnej práce..................................................................................... 10 1.3 Očakávané výsledky dizertačnej práce.................................................................................. 11 2 Charakteristika zvolenej metódy - spôsob riešenia dizertačnej práce.................................... 12 2.1 Metódy empirického poznania................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Metódy teoretického poznania................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Etapy vedeckej práce - Postup spracovania na základe zvolených metód............................ 13 3 Súčasný stav riešenia problematiky dizertačnej práce........................................................... 13 3.1 Spoločenské pozadie Brna - Brünn........................................................................................ 14 3.2 Spoločenský život a vzájomné kontakty - židovstvo............................................................... 14 3.3 Vyčlenenie židovskej architektúry v kontexte dobových trendov............................................. 15 3.4 Komparácia tvorby brnenských židovských architektov pred rokom 1939 a po roku 1939.... 15 3.4.1 Tvorivé inšpirácie.................................................................................................................... 16 3.4.2 Investori a klientela................................................................................................................ 16 3.4.3 Stavebná typológia.................................................................................................................. 16 3.4.4 Stavebno konštrukčné princípy............................................................................................... 17 3.4.5 Priestorové usporiadanie - hmotová a kompozičná skladba objektov..................................... 17 3.4.6 Pôdorys - plošná skladba objektov.......................................................................................... 17 3.4.7 Materiálovosť........................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.8 Architektonické prvky a detaily................................................................................................. 18 4 Obdobia architektonického vzdelania...................................................................................... 18 4.1 Nemecká technika v Brne 1849 - 1945................................................................................... 19 4.2 Vysoká škola technická a Akadémia výtvarných umení vo Viedni........................................... 21 5 Ernest Wiesner......................................................................................................................... 22 5.1 Východiská............................................................................................................................... 22 5.2 Výskumné pramene................................................................................................................. 22 5.3 Životopisné údaje architekta Ernsta Wiesnera......................................................................... 22 5.3.1 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera v Chorvátsku.................................................................... 26 5.3.2 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera v Rakúsku........................................................................ 27 5.3.3 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera vo Švajčiarsku.................................................................. 27 5.3.4 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera v Anglicku......................................................................... 28 5.3.4.1 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera v Londýne........................................................................ 29 5.3.4.2 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera v Oxforde......................................................................... 29 5.3.4.3 Aktivity architekta Ernsta Wiesnera v Liverpoole...................................................................... 31 5.4 Zoznam prác Ernsta Wiesnera pred rokom 1939..................................................................... 33 5.5 Zoznam prác Ernsta Wiesnera po roku 1939........................................................................... 35 5.6 Tvorba Ernsta Wiesnera do roku 1939..................................................................................... 36 5.7 Tvorba Ernsta Wiesnera po roku 1939..................................................................................... 39 5.8 Komparácia tvorby Ernsta Wiesnera........................................................................................ 39 5.8.1 Charakteristika a analýza tvorby Ernsta Wiesnera pred rokom 1939....................................... 40 5.8.2 Charakteristika a analýza tvorby Ernsta Wiesnera po roku 1939............................................. 41 6 Otto Eisler.................................................................................................................................. 43 6.1 Východiská................................................................................................................................ 43 6.2 Výskumné pramene................................................................................................................... 43 6.3 Životopisné údaje architekta Otta Eislera.................................................................................. 44 - 6 - 6.3.1 Obdobie rokov 1939 - 1945...................................................................................................... 47 6.3.2 Obdobie rokov 1945 - 1968....................................................................................................... 49 6.3.3 Stavebná a drevárska firma bratov Eislerových........................................................................ 50 6.4 Zoznam prác Otta Eislera pred rokom 1939.............................................................................. 50 6.5 Zoznam prác Otta Eislera po roku 1939.................................................................................... 52 6.6 Tvorba Otta Eislera pred rokom 1939........................................................................................ 54 6.7 Tvorba Otta Eislera po roku 1939.............................................................................................
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