DOCSLIB.ORG

Phosphorus Dynamics and Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes in Hell Kettles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phosphorus Dynamics and Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes in Hell Kettles Durham E-Theses Phosphorus dynamics and submerged aquatic macrophytes in hell kettles Giantzoudis, Dimitris How to cite: Giantzoudis, Dimitris (2003) Phosphorus dynamics and submerged aquatic macrophytes in hell kettles, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4079/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS AND SUBMERGED AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN HELL KETTLES The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. BY DlMITRIS GlANTZOUDIS B.Sc. UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX M.Sc. NAPIER UNIVERSITY A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, ENGLAND SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES FEBRUARY 2003 1 8 JUfo 2Q03 ABSTRACT A study was made of the phosphorus ecology of Hell Kettle ponds, a Site of Special Scientific Interest in County Durham, UK, in order to help establish the causes of the temporary "whitening" of Chara hispida in summer 1996. Chara hispida, the most abundant organism in Croft Kettle, one of the two small calcareous ponds comprising Hell Kettles, was first reported in 1777 and since then its presence has been accounted many times, perhaps being the longest continuous record for a freshwater algal species anywhere in the world. The aims were to assess the concentration and variability of aqueous N and P as well as a number of other physical and chemical variables on spatial and temporal scales and the response of Chara hispida to these changes. Studies focused on Croft Kettle and key aspects included analysis of water chemistry, P sequential fractionation of sediments, tissue N and P contents and surface phosphatase activities of Chara hispida. This involved monthly surveys of surface as well as depth profiles of water chemistry during 1999-2001 and many other visits. Data was also collected from Double Kettle and the farm-borehole (representing groundwater) for comparative means. Croft Kettle was stratified in summer (approximately May to October) with severe deoxygenation in the hypolimnion. Aqueous N and P concentrations were about 150 p,g L"1 TN and 15 \ig L"1 TP respectively, but showed high within-year and intra-annual variability. Episodic events and autumnal turnover caused only short-term increase in aqueous P concentrations and co-precipitation with CaCC>3 was suspected. Depth profile studies of sediments (0-35 cm) for TN and TP content and N:P ratio suggest historical changes in N and P dynamics. Seasonal changes as well as a high range of tissue N and P contents were observed in C. hispida apical tips during this survey, possibly indicating that C. hispida is capable of rapid nutrient uptake and storage. Supportive evidence for this hypothesis arose from incubations of C. hispida under a series of aqueous P concentrations as well as the seasonal study on phosphatase activity. C. hispida apical tips collected from Double Kettle had on average higher tissue N and P contents than those collected from Croft Kettle, probably corresponding to the higher nutrient content of Double Kettle's water. Possible reasons for aquatic vegetation changes as well as the "whitening" of C. hispida during summer 1996 are discussed. Unusually warm summer along with wind- protected shores due to the dense reed vegetation may have resulted to reduced water mixing, light penetration and increased deoxygenation in the hypolimnion and thus stress on C. hispida. However, there is no indication of a long-term destabilization of the system indicating that the event of 1996 was only a "temporary instability". 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ANOVA analysis of variance APA alkaline phosphatase activity ASFA automatic segmented flow analyser BD bicarbonate buffered dithionite solution bis-pNPP bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate BSAC British Sub-Aqua Club DW deionised water DIN dissolved inorganic nitrogen DMG 3, 3-dimethyl-glutaric acid DNA deoxyribonycleic acid d.wt dry weight EA Environment Agency of England and Wales EDTA ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid EN English Nature FRP filtrable reactive phosphorus FOP filtrable organic phosphorus FTP filtrable total phosphorus g gravitational force GIS geographical information systems HEPES (N-[2-Hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N-[2-ethanesulphonic acid]) Km Michaelis constant Ks apparent half-saturation constant for enzymatic activity MU 4-methylumbelliferone MUP 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate NCC Nature Conservancy Council NERC Natural Environment Research Council NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan NRA National Rivers Authority NVC National Vegetation Classification NWA Northumbrian Water Authority PAR photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) Pi phosphate (any form of orthophosphate) PDE phosphodiester PDEase phosphodiesterase PME phosphomonoester PMEase phosphomonoesterase pNP p-nitrophenol pNP? p-nitrophenyl phosphate PP particulate phosphorus SD standard deviation SE standard error SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest TIN total inorganic nitrogen TP total phosphorus WTW Wissenschaftliche-Technische Werkstatten w/v weight/volume ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Northumbrian Water pic for financing the studentship and further financial help from English Nature and the Environment Agency for dating sediment cores and some of the fieldwork. Special thanks to Prof. Brian Whitton and Dr Robert Baxter for their supervision, advice and guidance. I also appreciate the interest in the project from staff in the various organizations, especially Dr C.J. Spray (Northumbrian Water), S. Hedley and J. Barrett (English Nature). Access to the records held by English Nature was most helpful. Mr R.A. Fell, the owner of the ponds, not only gave permission for frequent access to the site, but showed keen interest in the project. Several colleagues in the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences have helped. Dr D. Hyde provided overall advice on diving and helped with most dives; thanks also to Dr S.D. Twiss and A.J.W. Yates (Physics) for assistance with diving during the project and Charlotte Johnston on a pre-project dive. Prof. B. Huntley, Dr J.R.M. Allen and associates collected a sediment core on 12 March 1999. Dr B.L. Turner stimulate and advised on P analysis of sediments. A number of other people have helped at the field site, especially Dr R.S. Hopkin and N.T.W. Ellwood (Biological Sciences), A. Dimitriadis (Physics), N. Galiatsatos (Geography) and L. Tzonis (Economics); D.I. Griss (environmental consultant and local angler) provided interesting information about the fish. Dr M.G. Kelly (Bowburn Consultancy) and G. Cummins made a report on diatoms and pollen in the sediments respectively and a summary of this work is included here. Dr J. Lamont-Black (Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne) showed me some of his analytical data for the ponds and groundwater (the well) and Dr I.M. Head (Fossil Fuels and Environmental Geochemistry, University of Newcastle) sent interesting papers about a population of the bacterium Achromatium from Croft Kettle. Most of all I would like to thank my parents for their unconditional support. 5 CONTENTS Abstract List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Acknowledgements Contents List of Tables List of Figures CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Preamble 1.2 Hell Kettles 1.3 Ponds 1.4 Nutrients in freshwaters 1.41 Introduction 1.42 Nitrogen 1.43 Phosphorus 1.44 Eutrophication 1.5 Sources of phosphorus 1.51 Introduction 1.52 Weathering products 1.53 Atmospheric deposition 1.54 Point and diffuse sources 1.55 Biological production 1.6 Phosphorus cycling in lentic systems 1.61 Introduction 1.62 Phosphorus acquisition 1.63 Sedimentation 1.64 Sediments 1.65 Resuspension 1.7 Charophytes 1.71 Ecology and distribution 1.72 Relationship with phosphorus 1.8 Aims CHAPTER 2 Methods 2.1 Safety 2.2 Standard laboratory techniques 46 2.3 Sampling programme 46 2.4 Physical and chemical variables measured on site 48 2.5 Water analysis 50 2.51 Introduction 50 2.52 Nitrogen 50 2.53 Phosphorus 53 2.54 Dissolved oxygen 54 2.55 Total alkalinity 55 2.56 Silica 55 2.57 Suspended chlorophyll a in water 55 2.6 Chara hispida studies 56 2.61 Introduction 56 2.62 Marl removal 57 2.63 Phosphatase activity 57 2.631 Assay medium 57 2.632 Substrates 57 2.633 Buffers 58 2.634 Phosphatase assay 58 2.64 Analysis of whole Chara hispida plants 59 2.65 Laboratory experiments 59 2.651 Introduction 59 2.652 Effect of temperature on Chara hispida shoots 60 2.653 Effect of phosphorus enrichment on Chara hispida shoots 60 2.7 Sediments and cores 61 2.71 Phosphorus sequential fractionation 61 2.72 Deep cores 62 2.8 Nutrient analysis of plants and sediments 63 2.81 Introduction 63 2.82 Digestion 63 2.83 Automated analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus 64 2.9 Computing and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Durham Rare Plant Register 2011 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale Part of VC65
    Durham Rare Plant Register 2011 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale part of VC65 JOHN L. DURKIN MSc. MIEEM BSBI Recorder for County Durham 25 May Avenue. Winlaton Mill, Blaydon, NE21 6SF [email protected] Contents Introduction to the rare plants register Notes on plant distribution and protection The individual species accounts in alphabetical order Site Index First published 2010. This is the 2011, second edition. Improvements in the 2011 edition include- An additional 10% records, most of these more recent and more precise. One kilometre resolution maps for upland and coastal species. My thanks to Bob Ellis for advice on mapping. The ―County Scarce‖ species are now incorporated into the main text. Hieracium is now included. This edition is ―regionally aligned‖, that is, several species which are county rare in Northumberland, but were narrowly rejected for the Durham first edition, are now included. There is now a site index. Cover picture—Dark Red Helleborine at Bishop Middleham Quarry, its premier British site. Introduction Many counties are in the process of compiling a County Rare Plant Register, to assist in the study and conservation of their rare species. The process is made easier if the county has a published Flora and a strong Biological Records Centre, and Durham is fortunate to have Gordon Graham's Flora and the Durham Wildlife Trust‘s ―Recorder" system. We also have a Biodiversity project, based at Rainton Meadows, to carry out conservation projects to protect the rare species. The purpose of this document is to introduce the Rare Plant Register and to give an account of the information that it holds, and the species to be included.
    [Show full text]
  • Transactions
    TRANSACTIONS Vol. I. Part 3. 1934 Editor F. C. GARRETT, D.Sc. South View, Alnmouth, Northumberland. CONTENTS A Survey of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Northumberland and Durham. By E. 139 Percy Blackburn Prehistoric Invasions of Northumberland and Durham. By A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., 187 and G. Bennett Gibbs Concerning British Analgidae (Feather Mites). By J. E. Hull, M.A., D.Sc. 200 Price: Four Shillings. Post Free. PRINTED BY ANDREW REID &; COMPANY, LIMITED, NEWCASTLE.UPON•TYNE NORTHERN NATURALISTS' UNION. OFFICERS, 1934. President: R. H. SARGENT. Vice-Presidents: Miss K. B. BLACKBURN, D.Sc. R. B. COOKE. G. BENNETT GIBBS. B. MILLARD GRIFFITHS, D.Sc. T. ASHTON LOFTHOUSE. J. E. NOWERS. Hon. Treasurer ~ J. E. RUXTON, Elmfield, Blackhill, Co. Durham. Hon. Secretary and Editor: F. C. GARRETT, D.Sc., South View, Alnmouth, Northumberland. Council : MISS L. E. BARNETT, B.Sc. GEORGE GREY. W. HALL. J. W. HESLOP-HARRISON, D.Sc., F.R.S. B. P. HILL. J. NEWTON, B.Sc. J. E. PATTERSON. M. LAWSON THOMPSON. R. WATKIN. Members of the Union pay an annual subscription of seven shillings and sixpence, and receive the Transactions and The Vasculum free of charge. 139 A SURVEY OF THE LAND AND FRESH WATER MOLLUSCA OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. By E. PERCY BLACKBURN. INTRODUCTION . More than a hundred years ago Mr. Joseph Alder published the invaluable Catalogues of "The Land and Freshwater Mollusca Found in the Vicinity of Newcastle-on-Tyne" which have been our stand by ever since. In 1874 Mr. W. D. Sutton brought Alders list up to date, and various lists of localities have been published from time to time, scattered in various journals.
    [Show full text]
  • Tees Valley Statement of Transport Ambition Strategic Environmental Assessment
    Tees Valley Statement of Transport Ambition Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report Tees Valley Statement of Transport Ambition Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report JMP Consultants Limited Minerva House East Parade Leeds LS1 5PS T 0113 244 4347 F 0113 242 3753 E [email protected] www.jmp.co.uk Job No. NEA6082 Report No. 2 Prepared by AD/JJ Verified MR Approved by MR Status Final Issue No. 1 Date 28 February 2011 Tees Valley Statement of Transport Ambition Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report Contents Amendments Record This document has been issued and amended as follows: Status/Revision Revision description Issue Number Approved By Date Draft For TVU approval 1 MR 18/02/2011 Final For consultation 2 MR 28/02/2011 Contents 1 NON – TECHNICAL SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 The SEA Process ....................................................................................................................... 1 Consultation ................................................................................................................................ 4 2 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................... 5 Strategic Environmental Assessment ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Rare Plant Register 2011 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale Part of VC65
    Durham Rare Plant Register 2011 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale part of VC65 JOHN L. DURKIN MSc. MIEEM BSBI Recorder for County Durham 25 May Avenue. Winlaton Mill, Blaydon, NE21 6SF [email protected] Contents Introduction to the rare plants register Notes on plant distribution and protection The individual species accounts in alphabetical order Site Index First published 2010. This is the 2011, second edition. Improvements in the 2011 edition include- An additional 10% records, most of these more recent and more precise. One kilometre resolution maps for upland and coastal species. My thanks to Bob Ellis for advice on mapping. The ―County Scarce‖ species are now incorporated into the main text. Hieracium is now included. This edition is ―regionally aligned‖, that is, several species which are county rare in Northumberland, but were narrowly rejected for the Durham first edition, are now included. There is now a site index. Cover picture—Dark Red Helleborine at Bishop Middleham Quarry, its premier British site. Introduction Many counties are in the process of compiling a County Rare Plant Register, to assist in the study and conservation of their rare species. The process is made easier if the county has a published Flora and a strong Biological Records Centre, and Durham is fortunate to have Gordon Graham's Flora and the Durham Wildlife Trust‘s ―Recorder" system. We also have a Biodiversity project, based at Rainton Meadows, to carry out conservation projects to protect the rare species. The purpose of this document is to introduce the Rare Plant Register and to give an account of the information that it holds, and the species to be included.
    [Show full text]
  • County Durham LTP3 HRA Screening 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Appropriate Assessment Process 3 1.2 Natura 2000 Sites 3
    Contents County Durham LTP3 HRA Screening 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Appropriate Assessment Process 3 1.2 Natura 2000 Sites 3 2 Identification and Description of Natura 2000 Sites 5 3 Description of the Plan 15 3.1 LTP3 Strategy and Delivery Plan 20 4 Methodology: Broad Impact Types and Pathways 21 5 Screening Analysis of Draft LTP3 25 5.1 Goals and Objectives 25 5.2 Draft policies and related interventions in the three year programme 25 6 Assessment of Likely Significance 57 6.1 Assessment of Likely Significance 57 6.2 Other plans and projects 75 7 LTP3 Consultation: Amendments and Implications for HRA 77 Appendices 1 Component SSSIs of Natura 2000 Sites within 15km of County Durham 95 2 Summary of Favourable Conditions to be Maintained, Condition, Vulnerabilities and Threats of Natura 2000 Sites 108 3 Initial Issues Identification of Longer-term Programme 124 County Durham LTP3 HRA Screening Contents County Durham LTP3 HRA Screening Introduction 1 1 Introduction 1.0.1 Durham County Council is in the process of preparing its Local Transport Plan 3. In accordance with the Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) (Amendment) Regulations 2010 and European Communities (1992) Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora, County Durham is required to undertake Screening for Appropriate Assessment of the draft Local Transport Plan. 1.1 Appropriate Assessment Process 1.1.1 Under the Habitat Regulations, Appropriate Assessment is an assessment of the potential effects of a proposed project or plan on one or more sites of international nature conservation importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Darlington Local Infrastructure Plan CONTENTS
    DARLINGTON LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN CONSULTATION DRAFT Darlington Local Development Framework January 2010 Darlington Local Development Framework Draft Darlington Local Infrastructure Plan CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 What Is This Document and Why Is It Important? 4 HavingYourS ay 4 NextSteps 4 2. PROVIDIN G INFRASTRUCTURE 5 Planning Policy Context 5 PolicyContex t 5 Delivering Timely Infrastructure in Darlington 6 Planning Obligations 6 3.APP ROACH 7 Aims 7 Methodology 7 4. CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION: PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 9 Transport Infrastructure 9 Utilities Provision 13 Heritage 15 5. CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION: SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE 16 Health Care Provision 16 Early Years Provision 17 School Education 18 FurtherEducat ion 19 Libraries 20 Affordable Housing 20 Accommodating Travelling Groups 22 AdultSocialC are 22 Sport and Leisure Provision 23 Community Centres/Village Halls 25 Emergency Services 25 6. CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION: GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 27 Open Space Provision 27 Biodiversity 28 Urban Fringe 29 Allotments 29 Public Rights of Way/Green Leisure Routes 30 7. FUTURE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY ASSESSMENT 31 8. FUTURE INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION: PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 32 Transport Infrastructure 32 Utilities Provision 38 Heritage 40 9. CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION: SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE 41 Health Care Provision 41 Early Years Provision 41 School Education 43 2 Darlington Local Development Framework Draft Darlington Local Infrastructure Plan FurtherEducat ion 45 Libraries 45 Affordable Housing 45 Accommodating Travelling Groups 48 AdultSocialC are 48 Sport and Leisure Provision 49 Community Centres/Village Halls 49 Emergency Services 49 10. CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION: GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 51 Open Space Provision 51 Biodiversity 52 Urban Fringe 53 Allotments 53 Provision through new development 53 Public Rights of Way/Green Leisure Routes 54 INFRASTRUCTURE SCHEDULE 55 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Rare Plant Register 2013 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale Part of VC65
    Durham Rare Plant Register 2013 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale part of VC65 JOHN L. DURKIN MSc. MCIEEM BSBI Recorder for County Durham 25 May Avenue. Winlaton Mill, Blaydon, NE21 6SF [email protected] www.durhamnature.co.uk Contents Introduction to the rare plants register Notes on plant distribution and protection The individual species accounts in alphabetical order Site Index First published 2010. This is the 2013, third edition. Improvements in this edition include- An additional 10% records, most of these more recent and more precise. New colour coded maps produced from DMAP. This edition is “regionally aligned”, that is, several species which are county rare in Northumberland, but were narrowly rejected for the Durham first edition, are now included. Cover picture—Spring Gentian at Widdybank Fell. Introduction Many counties are in the process of compiling a County Rare Plant Register, to assist in the study and conservation of their rare species. The process is made easier if the county has a published Flora and a strong Biological Records Centre, and Durham is fortunate to have Gordon Graham's Flora and the Durham Wildlife Trust’s “Recorder" system. We have also had a Biodiversity project, based at Rainton Meadows, which until 2013 carried out conservation projects to protect the rare species. It is hoped that the “RPR” will act as a stimulus for local botanists to make special efforts to improve the database by recording these species. The register will be used to increase our understanding of the status and distribution of the rare species, and to aid and promote their conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents of the Vasculum
    Contents of The Vasculum All issues contain ‘Notes and Records’ and most contain ‘News from Societies’. 1915 1 Newts George Bolam 5 The Hancock Prize C. E.Robson 9 The British Association’s Visit to Newcastle in 1916 13 The Black Hall Rocks-A Naturalist's Paradise H.Preston 14 Plants Worth Studying I.-Root Parasites J.W.H. Harrison 18 A New Species of Neuroptera From the North of England. Richard S. Bagnall 22 The Long-Tailed Tit 25 2 Winter and Summer at Budle Bay E.Leonard Gill 33 Record of A New British Froghopper (Homoptera) From Teasdale. Richard S. Bagnall 37 Plants Worth Studying II.-Carniverous Plants J.W.H. Harrison 38 Ballast Plants at Middlesbrough H. Preston 42 Belsay Lake J.E.H 43 A New Flowering Plant North Yorkshire. J.W.H.Harrison 46 Glacial Surface Features J.A. Smythe 47 The Pied Flycatcher.(Muscicapa Atricipilla L.) 52 A List of Birds Observed of the Outer Farnes. Seasons 1911-1914, From May 13th to Edw. Miller 54 August 17th. 3 On Some Birds in Teesdale George Bolam 65 A List of Birds Observed On the Outer Farnes Season 1911-1914, From May 13th to Edw. Miller 68 August 17th. Local Pseudoscorpions J.E. Hull 70 The Collecting of Coleoptera. Prof. T. Hudson Beare 75 Pupa Hunting J.W.H. Harrison 78 Talks About Plant Galls. Richard S. Bagnall, F.L.S., 88 H.S. Wallace 4 A List of Birds Observed On the Outer Farnes. Season 1911-1914, From May 13th to Edw. Miller. 97 August 17th Rosa Eminens (Harrison)-A New Micro Gene of Rosa Mollissima (Willd.) J.W.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The Nevilles and the political establishment in north-eastern England, 1377-1413. Arvanigian, Mark Edward How to cite: Arvanigian, Mark Edward (1999) The Nevilles and the political establishment in north-eastern England, 1377-1413., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1469/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE NEVILLES AND THE POLITICAL ESTABLISHMENT IN NORTH- EASTERN ENGLAND, 1377-1413 Mark Edward Arvanigian The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the written consent of the author an information derived from it should be acknowledged. 1 7 JAN 2000 Submitted for the degree of Ph.D., University of Durham, 1998. Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to uncover the nature of landed society in the North- East, and the creation of a new political matrix there from c.1377-1413.
    [Show full text]
  • Darlington Local Authority Area: Designated Sites
    Darlington Local Authority Area: Designated Sites Statutory Site Name Reason for Designation Site Grid Reference national designated sites Site of Special Newton Ketton Meadow Important as one of the very few surviving unimproved hay meadows in the NZ 322 206 Scientific coastal plain between the Rivers Tyne and Tees. Interest (SSSI) Site of Special Redcar Field A small area supporting a range of fen vegetation types including fen flush, fen NZ 292 199 Scientific meadow and willow carr. It is one of the few remaining examples of spring fed Interest (SSSI) vegetation on the Magnesian Limestone of County Durham. Site of Special Neasham Fen A small in filled kettle hole which provides an important record of Flandrian NZ 331 115 Scientific vegetation history and environmental change Interest (SSSI) Site of Special Hell Kettles Open water fed by calcareous springs with saw-sedge .dominated swamp, tall NZ 281 108 Scientific fen and damp grassland Interest (SSSI) 1 Local non Site Name Reason for Designation Site Grid Reference statutory designated sites LWS Denton Quarry W2 (Broad-leaved Woodland and Replanted Ancient Woodland); U2 (Disused Quarry) NZ 212 198 LWS Ulnaby Beck G1 (Neutral Grassland) NZ 233 164 LWS Burtree Gate Marsh E1 (Flushes, Seepages, Springs etc) NZ 268 190 LWS Whiley Hill Sandpit U2 (Disused Quarry) NZ 274 199 LWS Coatham Grange Marsh E1 (Flushes, Seepages, Springs etc); A1 (Great Crested Newt); E3 (Basin or Valley Mire) NZ 277 197 LWS Fox Hill Quarry G1 (Neutral Grassland); U2 (Disused Quarry) NZ 314 183 LWS Carr House Pond
    [Show full text]
  • SA004 Natural England
    Date: 07 September 2016 Our ref: Your ref: Darlington Local Plan SA Scoping Report BY EMAIL ONLY Dear Planning consultation: Darlington Local Plan 2016 – 2036 Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report Thank you for your consultation on the above dated 19 August 2016 which was received by Natural England on the same day. Natural England is a non-departmental public body. Our statutory purpose is to ensure that the natural environment is conserved, enhanced, and managed for the benefit of present and future generations, thereby contributing to sustainable development. Natural England broadly welcomes the approach taken in the ‘Darlington Borough Council Draft Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report of the Darlington Local Plan 2016 – 2036’, which we consider sets out a good framework for the assessment of these documents. Question 1 – Are there any other plans, policies or programmes that you think should inform the Sustainability Appraisal of the Darlington Local Plan? Natural England is not aware of any other plans, policies or programmes that would need to be taken into consideration. Question 2 – Have we identified all of the relevant issues? If no, what other issues should be included and what are the objectives needed to tackle them? Within Table 3 we note the absence of any mention of the 4 statutorily designated Sites of Special Scientific Interest found within Darlington Borough (Hell Kettles, Neasham Fen, Newton Ketton Meadow and Redcar Field) – the most appropriate section of the table to include these sites would within the biodiversity and geodiversity section. We also note the lack of reference to best and most versatile agricultural land.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern England, 1377-1413
    THE NEVILLES AND THE POLITICAL ESTABLISHMENT IN NORTH- EASTERN ENGLAND, 1377-1413 Mark Edward Arvanigian The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the written consent of the author an information derived from it should be acknowledged. 1 7 JAN 2000 Submitted for the degree of Ph.D., University of Durham, 1998. Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to uncover the nature of landed society in the North- East, and the creation of a new political matrix there from c.1377-1413. It will trace the development of a Lancastrian North-East, and the role played by the Neville family and other members of the region's elite in it. The Nevilles were instrumental in Henry IV's rise to power, and became the focal point of his subsequent efforts to stabilise the North. Much of their influence in later generations was the result of the political successes of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland, and his rise to prominence in this period was the direct result of his Lancastrian associations. His career will therefore be closely considered. However, other members of the North-east's political community also rose to prominence in this period. Most notable among these was Sir Ralph Eure, a Durham knight of considerable ability who became perhaps the most important political figure below comital rank in the region. In overseeing the running of the palatinate of Durham, and holding the office of sheriff and numerous other commissions in the counties of Yorkshire and Northumberland, Eure ensured great continuity and competence in the northern administration, and eased the transition from Ricardian to Lancastrian regimes in this most unstable of regions.
    [Show full text]