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[email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications How do social media affect Taiwanese people’s participation in social movements under the Ma Ying-Jeou administration between 2008 and 2016 Pei-Hsin Gwenyth Wang A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick March 2019 3 Table of Contents List of Figures 6 List of Tables 6 List of Pictures 6 Acknowledgements 7 Declaration 8 Abstract 8 List of Abbreviations 9 Chapter 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Sunflower Movement takes social movements in Taiwan to 15 another level 1.2 Outline of the Study 25 Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 Citizenship 33 2.3 Is it possible young citizens’ perception of citizenship might 43 have been changed? 2.4 New forms of political participation 49 2.5 Is “digital citizenship” a potential form of citizenship in the 56 online world? 2.6 Converged technology; multiplied networks 65 2.7 Conclusion 78 Chapter 3 – Citizenship in Taiwan, a case study 3.1 Introduction 80 3.2 Taiwan’s democratisation development 86 3.3 Taiwan after the 2016 presidential election 101 3.4 Key factors behind Taiwan’s democratisation process 108 3.5 Research method 121 3.6 Conclusion 125 Chapter 4 – Resurgence of Social Movement in Taiwan 4.1.