Official Publication of Volume 39, Number 4 Mid-America Paleontology Society Sept.-Nov., 2016 http://www.midamericapaleo.org

“A LOVE OF BRINGS US TOGETHER”

MAPS DIGEST Vol. 39, No. 4 Sept.-Nov., 2016

Contributions to Digest Calendar Needed

2016 The Digest editors encourage the members to submit articles for publication in the Digest issues. September 17 & 18 The Digest is for the members and should reflect CVRMS two-day rock and mineral auction their interests. If you have specimens that you collected and would like to share with other Location: Amana RV Park & Event Center, th members or would like to describe a favorite 39 38 Avenue, Amana, Iowa. Go to: http://www.cedarvalleyrockclub.org/ for more info collecting site, please write an article in Word, Times New Roman size 12 font, single spaced with MAPS Meetings TBD one inch margins, and send to the editors. Photos

and diagrams can be e-mailed separately or incorporated in the article. October 27-30 Fossilmania XXXIV Location: Somervell County Expo Center in Glen John: [email protected] Rose, Texas. See p.15 for more information. Chris: [email protected]

2017 Call for Papers The theme for the 2017 EXPO is the Silurian

Period. Any paper dealing with Silurian geology March 25-26 or paleontology would be appreciated. The papers CVRMS Gem, Mineral, and Show should be in Word, Times New Roman, size 12 Location: Hawkeye Downs, Cedar Rapids Font, single spaced with one inch margins, and e-

mailed to one of the Digest Editors by the first March 31-April 2 week of February 2017. Diagrams/Photos can be MAPS EXPO XXXIX sent separately or imbedded in text.

Location: Sharpless Auctions Exit 249 I-80 John: [email protected] Iowa City, Iowa Chris: [email protected] Theme: Silurian Period Keynote Speaker: TBD Topic: TBD DUES INFO

Please send your $20 2016 MAPS dues to:

Dale Stout 2237 Meadowbrook Drive S.E. Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52403

About the Cover

This issue’s cover features a picture of the “Madison Reef” exposed at the US 421 cut north of Madison,

Indiana. The “Reef” is in the “Lower Saluda” Member of the Whitewater Formation (Upper Ordovician,

Richmondian). Massive colonial coral heads can be seen. Photograph by John Catalani.

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The Elusive Eagle Fossils Gary H. Burgess

In August, 2015, Joe Small and I succumbed to our relentless curiosity, and returned to central Montana for the second time this season to continue our research on the Formation. We based our exploration out of the town of Winifred, MT. We spent six days in the field scouting out accesses and examining exposures of the Eagle Sandstone Formation in Central Montana. While Joe’s primary interest was in the area geology, my interest was in the Eagle Sandstone Formation’s marine invertebrate paleontology.

The white matrix in the center of the hill is an exposure of the Eagle Sandstone Formation in Central Montana. (Unless otherwise stated, all photos are by Gary Burgess and Joe Small.)

My two primary responsibilities as a team member were to be the marine invertebrate specialist and to help photo-document as much of the trip as possible. During the 2015 season, Joe Small, Lou Vance, and I photo- documented various ichnofossils (trace fossils) as well as fossil oysters, clams, and a shark tooth. We also documented the presence of bone fragments, large gypsum crystals, and chert pebble conglomerations found within the Eagle Sandstone Formation.

The Eagle Sandstone Formation existed during the late Santonian - early Campanian period (Payenberg, 2003). This was 81.2 -83.5 MYA (Geosciences, 2015). The Eagle Sandstone Formation is the lowest formation in the Montana Group, according to the report: Geology and Hydrology of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation Montana, by Douglas C. Alverson (1965). Alverson goes on to state “The Montana Group, of Late Cretaceous age, was named by Eldridge (1889, p. 93) for its extensive development in Montana. It includes, from bottom to top, the Eagle, Claggett, Judith River, and Bearpaw Formations.”

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This chart (Payenberg et al. 2003) helps clarify the relationships between the regions of Montana to Alberta, Canada.

The Eagle Sandstone is a near shore environment with multiple horizons. I found an easy to understand report outlining the depositional environments of the Eagle Sandstone in the preliminary report: Depositional Environments of the Eagle Sandstone, North-Central Montana, by Dudley D. Rice (1976). Rice stated in his report, that the Eagle Sandstone was named by W. H. Weed in 1899. Weed named it for the exposures he encountered along the Missouri River at the mouth of Eagle Creek.

Rice (1976) goes on to explain that the Eagle Formation is conformably underlain by the Telegraph Creek Formation and overlain by the Clagget Shale Formation. The Eagle Sandstone is divided in to three sections. The base unit is the Virgelle Sandstone at a depth of 80-130 feet. The middle and upper sections are informally designated as separate members, with a combined depth of 180 feet. The total depth of the Eagle formation ranges from approximately 200 to 300 feet. Rice then goes into great detail about the depositional characteristics for the different horizons. He also describes the horizons and conditions where the ichnofossils Arenicolites, Ophiomorpha, and Thaiassinoides burrows are found.

Team member Lou Vance investigates a large deposit of ichnofossils during our July, 2015 trip.

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The Eagle Sandstone is mostly barren rock, devoid of fossils. However, one type of fossil we repeatedly found was the Ichnofossil. I have tentatively identified four types of ichnofossils from the Eagle Sandstone. They are Arenicolites, Ophiomorpha, Rosellia, and Skolithos.

Arenicolites is a simple U-shaped burrow oriented perpendicular to bedding. Different types of Arencolites can be interpreted on the basis of the breadth of the U. The generally accepted interpretation for Arenicolites is that it was a dwelling burrow.

Ophiomorpha is a branching burrow with either horizontal, oblique, or vertical box-like networks; the burrow exterior is characterized by a knobby texture formed by a pelletal lining, but in some cases only an internal mold of the burrow is evident. Ophiomorpha is interpreted as a combined dwelling and feeding burrow made by a shrimp- like animal; modern callianassid shrimp show the same burrow geometry and pelletal reinforcement of their burrows.

Left. This was a commonly found Arenicolites burrow (8”) in the Eagle Sandstone.

Right. We found this Ophiomorpha burrow (12”) in only one area of the Eagle Sandstone.

Skolithos is a simple, tube-like, vertically oriented burrow that typically shows a much greater length versus width. Skolithos is interpreted as a dwelling burrow made by a suspension-feeding animal.

Rosselia is easily identified in core by the presence of a distinct mud ball surrounding a central shaft. The split core imaged below contains an excellent example. The dark colored mud ball is clearly visible and surrounds a “central sand filled” shaft. Characteristic concentric rings of mudstone and siltstone within the mud ball are also visible. This Rosselia occurrence is found in shallow marine delta front .

Left: We found this Right: This photo of Skolithos burrow in Rosselia is from Chuck the Eagle Sandstone. D. Howell’s website, WWW. Clastics.com, downloaded with permission.

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The bivalve genus Cardium (Linnaeus, 1758) is listed in the 1905 Stanton and Hatcher report as having been found in our study area. The species speciosum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) is shown on the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History web site, where it is also described as being found in our research area. Note: The World Registry of Marine Species (WoRMS) has renamed this fossil as Americardia speciosa (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850).

We found the mold of a clam (1/2” X 2”) of the genus Leptosolen (Conrad 1865). Stanton and Hatcher (1905) list Leptosolen as found in the Eagle Sandstone within our study area. The report includes Conrad’s description and photos of Leptosolen biplicata on Plate 171, items 10 and 11, which closely match the size and shape of this mold.

Left. We found several specimens of Cardium speciosum (Linnaeus, 1758) (3/4”) in the Eagle Sandstone Formation.

Right. This clam could be Liopistha. (Meek, 1876). It could also be Cymella montanensis (Henderson).

This oyster, (1/2” X 1.5”) could be an Ostrea This is the mold of a clam (1/2” X 2”) of the

subtrigonalis (Evans and Shumard, 1857). genus Leptosolen (Conrad 1865).

We failed to find any vertebrate fossils that could be identified as dinosaurian. However, this statement about the Eagle Sandstone, from the Stanton and Hatcher (1905) report, confirms it is possible to find vertebrate fossils in the Eagle Sandstone Formation. “This horizon has also yielded a few dinosaurian remains, including the type of Ornithomimus grandis, which was found near the mouth of Cow Creek, where the Eagle formation is brought up by faulting.”

Disappointedly, I have not found any cephalopods in the Eagle Sandstone yet. Seven cephalopods were found in the Judith River region, according to the report: The Cephalopods of the Eagle Sandstone and Related Formations in the Western Interior of the United States (Reeside, 1927). This awesome report lists 41 species in 12 genera. The report gives detailed descriptions of each, as well as a location list, map, and 45 meticulous plates showing the fossils.

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Chert pebble layer at the top of the Eagle Sandstone Formation.

Summary: During our 2015 field season we discovered and photo documented four ichnofossils. They were Arenicolites, Ophiomorpha, Rosellia, and Skolithos. We also documented the presence of the four bivalves: Cardium speciosum, Ostrea subtrigonalis, Liopistha, and Leptosolen. We documented the existence of an unidentified shark tooth and a bone fragment. We were able to confirm the top of the Eagle Formation from the existence of the chert pebble layer. We also documented a lens of calcite near the top of the Eagle Sandstone formation in at least one location.

Left. This was the only shark tooth (unidentified) (1/2”) we found. It was located in the base of the chert pebble layer of the Eagle Sandstone.

Right. Here is an unidentified small bone fragment (1” X 1”) found in the chert pebble lens.

This concluded our field research of the geology, fossils, and minerals of the Eagle Sandstone Formation for 2015. However, we still have unanswered questions about this area, so we will return in 2016 to continue our ongoing quest for knowledge of the geology and paleontology of central Montana and the Eagle Sandstone Formation.

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Uplifting of Eagle Sandstone in our study area.

For further information and a history of our research trials and tribulations in Montana, please visit Joe Small’s web site; Journal of Accessible Sciences, at http://www.journalofaccessiblesciences.org/. Forever Curious © 2015 Gary H. Burgess

References

Alverson, D. C., 1965. Geology and Hydrology of the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation Montana Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1576-F

Bowen, C. F. 1915. The Stratigraphy of the Montana Group with Special Reference to the Position and Age of the in North-Central Montana. Professional Paper 90–I, Shorter Contributions to General Geology, 1914–I Washington Government Printing Office.

Emory University; The description of Ophiomorpha came from the Emory University web site; http://www.envs.emory.edu/faculty/MARTIN/ichnology/Ophiomorpha.htm. (downloaded 11-4-15)

Emory University; The description of Arenicolites came from the Emory University web site; http://www.envs.emory.edu/faculty/MARTIN/ichnology/Arenicolites.htm (downloaded 11-4-15)

Emory University; This description of Skolithos came from the Emory University web site; hte://www.envs.emory.edu/faculty/MARTIN/ichnology/images.htm (downloaded 11-4-15)

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Gautier, D. L. 1981; Petrology of the Eagle Sandstone, Bearpaw Mountains Area, North-Central Montana, Investigations of Shallow Gas Reservoirs in the Northern Great Plains.

Geology.com. http://geology.com/minerals/gypsum.shtml (downloaded 11-12-15)

Geoscience World http://www.geoscienceworld.org/ http://cjes.geoscienceworld.org/content/39/10/1553.abstract Retrieved 9-17-15.

Gill, J. R. and Cobban, W. A. 1973. Stratigraphy and Geologic History of the Montana Group and Equivalent Rocks, Montana, Wyoming, and North and South Dakota, Geological Survey Professional Paper 776.

Howell, C. D. (2015) website: WWW. Clastics.com http://www.clastics.com/rosselia.htm (downloaded 11-4- 15)

Maryland Geological Survey, Upper Cretaceous Text and Plates, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1916 http://discover.odai.yale.edu/ydc/Record/3755226/Holdings#tabnav downloaded 11-10-15

Meek, F. B. 1876. Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils of the Upper Missouri Country. Department of the Interior Report of the U. S. Geologic Survey Territory Report, Volume IX, Washington Government Printing Office.

Reeside, J. B. Jr. 1927. The Cephalopods of the Eagle Sandstone and Related Formations in the Western Interior of the United States. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 151, United States Government Printing Office Washington.

Rice, D. D., 1976; Depositional Environments of the Eagle Sandstone, North-Central Montana, an Aid for Hydrocarbon Exploration (Modified from a talk presented to the Rocky Mountain; Section AAPG-SEPM Meeting, Billings, Montana, March 30, 1976) Open-file report 76-423.

Shimer and Shrock. 1944. Index Fossils of North America, Ninth Printing, April, 1972.

Stanton T. W., Hatcher, J. B., (1905) Geology and Paleontology of the Judith River Beds.

Payenberg, T. H. D., Braman, D. R. and Miall, A. D. 2003. Depositional environments and stratigraphic architecture of the Late Cretaceous Milk River and Eagle formations, southern Alberta and north-central Montana: relationships to shallow biogenic gas. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, Vol. 51, No. 2 p. 155-176.

World Registry of Marine Species (WoRM) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=466685 downloaded 11-11-15

Cardium speciosum A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 renamed Americardia speciosa (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)

WWW. Clastics.com, The description and photo of Rosselia was downloaded with permission from Chuck D. Howell’s website: http://www.clastics.com/rosseli)a.htm (downloaded 11-5-15).

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Fossil Hunting in Glendive, Montana Gary H. Burgess

In June 2015 I revisited Glendive, Montana with my niece Rachel. We were there for multiple reasons. However, the most exciting part of this trip would be exploring the Pierre Shale Formation exposure south of Glendive for the first time.

We arrived one day early, so my niece Rachael and I spent the first day indulging in our other hobby, photography. We toured and photographed the Makoshika State Park located just south of Glendive. The park is located on an exposure of the late cretaceous Hell Creek Formation. The badlands exposed there have produced T- Rex and Triceratops fossils. There is an excellent visitor center at the entrance to the Makoshika State Park that displays some of the fossils found there.

View of the exposed badlands of the Hell Creek Formation in Makoshika State Park.

The second day of our stay, we visited local Marine Invertebrate Paleontologist Tom Linn. Tom is with Early Earth Enterprises, a rock shop co-op that deals in rocks, fossils, minerals, consultation, and preparatory work. It is located on Highway 16 in Glendive.

Tom graciously invited us into his home and showed us his extensive and beautifully prepared marine invertebrate fossil collection from the region. He then took us out to the Pierre Shale exposure south of Glendive, where he gave us a description of the local geology.

We found very few fossils exposed on the ground. I finally resorted to breaking surface concretions to find an assortment of small to medium sized marine invertebrate fossils. After a few hours of climbing the hills and valleys, we ended our collecting for the day and returned to Glendive for a late lunch. 10 MAPS DIGEST Vol. 39, No. 4 Sept.-Nov., 2016

This photo of the Pierre Shale collecting area south of Glendive, MT, was taken from the edge

of a nearby oil well pad.

After lunch, we visited the Frontier Gateway Museum and the Glendive and Fossil Museum. They are both located on Belle Prairie Frontage Road 300 next to I-94 in Glendive. We enjoyed viewing the displays of local history as well as the natural history items. The fossil displays and life-like dioramas were quite impressive.

This is a typical exposure of the Hell Creek Formation (66 MYA) on Marge Baisch’s ranch. (Photo taken by Rachel Callahan.)

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The next morning we went to Marge Baisch’s ranch just outside of Glendive. We spent two enjoyable days in near perfect weather with Marge searching for fossils in a different area of her ranch than we explored in 2014.

We collected a few fossils and then Marge took us into an area littered with agatized wood. We easily collected our quota of petrified wood while we were there. After each day of collecting, we had the great pleasure of visiting with Marge at her home, viewing her fossils and minerals and discussing the subject of fossils.

We examined this exposed dinosaur bone on Marge Baisch’s ranch.

(Photo taken by Rachel Callahan.)

The colors varied in the agatized wood. The most common color we found was light brown, with black being the rarest.

The next day started with intermittent heavy rain showers. This eliminated the possibility of collecting fossils, so we stayed in town. We spent the morning collecting agates on a sandbar of the Yellowstone River east of Glendive.

That afternoon we visited Clyde and Teala’s “Just for Rocks Shop”. We enjoyed our visit so much; we ended up staying until closing time. The shop has moved since then.

The next morning was our last in Glendive, so we returned to the Pierre Shale site for a few hours of final collecting. We found a few more specimens, then called it a day and returned to the hotel to pack up.

The Pierre Shale Formation (formerly called the Fort Pierre Group) existed from 69 to 82 million years ago. The Pierre Shale formed in the Western Interior Pierre Seaway of North America (Larson, Neal L. et-al, 1997). The Pierre Shale Formation consists of nine stratigraphic layers (Boerngen, et-al. 1980).

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Generalized cross section of the Pierre Shale in relation to other formations in Eastern Montana and South Dakota (Boerngen, et-al. 1980, Figure 1). Marine sandstones are stippled, rocks above and to the left are non-marine, and the rocks to the right are marine shales.

The Glendive area surface geology can be observed by examining the Glendive 30x60 quadrangle geologic map. The Wibaux 30x60 geologic quadrangle map shows the surface geology to the southeast of Glendive. These maps can be obtained at The National Geologic Map Database http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/ngmdb/ngmdb_home.html.

The land south of Glendive is a mix of BLM, state trust, privately owned, state parks, and leased property. If you come here, I recommend you get a copy the land ownership maps for this area from the Montana State Library, Public and Private Lands Ownership Maps website; (http://mslapps.mt.gov/geographic_information/maps/land_ownership/Default). This will help ensure you don’t end up on the wrong property. There are active oil well pads here. The oil companies prefer you do not block access to the pads or park on them, for these are working wells that require maintenance from large trucks.

Upon returning home, I gradually prepared my Pierre Shale fossil finds. They consisted of two species of clams, one species of oyster, one species of ammonite, several pieces of Baculites ranging from tiny to massive (species unidentified), and three species of gastropods.

Left: Inoceramus cripsii var. subcompressus.

Right: Corbicula cytheriformis.

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The two species of clams I found were: Inoceramus cripsii var. subcompressus (Meek & Hayden 1860) and Corbicula cytheriformis (Meek & Hayden 1860) . The only oysters I found were two pieces (150 mm and 270mm) of a mass mortality of Gryphea (Lamarck, 1801). The only species of ammonite I found was Scaphites nodosus var. plenus (Meek & Hayden 1860). They ranged in size from 15 mm to 50 mm wide. I found three gastropods at this site: A limpid like Anisomyon subovatus (Meek & Hayden 1860), a tiny, cone shaped Anisomyon shumardi (Meek & Hayden 1860), and a small Euspira subcrassa (Meek 1856).

Scaphites nodosus var. plenus (20-35mm wide)

Left: Anisomyon subovatus (15mm wide).

Right: Euspira subcrassa (15mm high).

I plan to continue exploring the Pierre Shale Formation in a south-easterly direction going into South Dakota. I hope to find some heteromorph ammonites there. They are conspicuously missing from my collection, but are on my bucket list of fossils to find. Forever Curious © 2015 Gary H. Burgess

References

Boerngen, J. G., Gill, J. R., Schultz, L. G. and Tourtelot, H. A. 1980. Composition and Properties of the Pierre Shale and Equivalent Rocks, Northern Great Plains Region (Report A) Geochemistry of the Pierre Shale and Equivalent Rocks of Late Cretaceous Age Geological Survey Professional Paper 1064.

Collier, A. J. 1918. Geology of Northeastern Montana; Shorter Contributions to General Geology.

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Davis, J. History of the Cedar Creek Anticline, Southeast Montana, Denbury Resources Inc. http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2013/90169rms/abstracts/davi.htmAAPG Search and Discovery Article #90169©2013 AAPG Rocky Mountain Section 62nd Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 22-24, 2013 (Downloaded 3:.06 4-25-16).

Larson, N. L. 1997. Ammonites and the other Cephalopods of the Pierre Seaway.

Geologic Map of the Glendive 30’ X 60’ Quadrangle, Easter Montana and Adjacent North Dakota, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Open File No. 371, 1998

Geologic Map of the Wibaux 30’ X 60’ Quadrangle, Easter Montana and Adjacent North Dakota, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Open File No. 465, 2003

Landman, N. H. et-al. 2010. Scaphites of the ‘‘Nodosus Group’’ From the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of the Western Interior of North America, Bulletin of The American Museum of Natural History, Number 342.

Makoshika State Park (http://stateparks.mt.gov/makoshika/) downloaded 4/20/16

Meek, F. B. 1876. A Report on the Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils of the Upper Missouri Country, Washington Government Printing Office.

Shimer and Shrock. 1944. Index Fossils of North America, Ninth Printing, April, 1972

Smith, W.D. 1905. The Development of Scaphites. Journal of Geology, 13:635-654.

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Fossilmania XXXIV

The Dallas Paleontological Society is pleased to announce that Fossilmania, an annual sale and trade show for fossils and fossil-related materials, only, will be held at the Somervell County Expo Center in Glen Rose, Texas, on October 28, 29, and 30, 2016. Admission is free. The event days and times are:

Thursday – October 27 Setup 8 a.m.- 4 p.m.; also Friday morning at 8 a.m. Friday – October 28 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. Saturday – October 29 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. Sunday – October 30 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.

The sponsors request that the facility remain smoke free and that pets are not allowed inside.

There will be a fossil-related talk at 7:30 p.m. on Friday and a fossil auction and raffle prize drawings at 7:30 p.m. on Saturday.

Dealers who wish to rent one or more 8 foot tables should contact Bill Morgan for an application at 931-456- 9040 or email at [email protected]. No tailgating is allowed.

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The Mid-America Paleontology Society (MAPS) was formed to promote popular interest in the subject of paleontology; to encourage the proper collecting, study, preparation, and display of fossil material; and to assist other individuals, groups, and institutions interested in the various aspects of paleontology. It is a non-profit society incorporated under the laws of the State of Iowa.

Membership in MAPS is open to anyone, anywhere who is sincerely interested in fossils and the aims of the Society.

Membership fee: $20.00 per household covers one year’s issues of DIGESTS. All Canadian and Overseas members receive the DIGEST by air letter post. For new members and those who renew more than 3 issues past their due date, the year begins with the first available issue. Institution or Library fee is $25.00.

MAPS meetings are held on the 2nd Saturday of October, November, January, and February and at EXPO in March or April. A picnic is held during the summer. October through February meetings are scheduled for 1 p.m. in Trowbridge Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. One annual International Fossil Exposition is held in late March/early April.

The MAPS official publication, MAPS DIGEST, is published 5 times per year – Jan-Mar, EXPO EDITION, May- August, Sept-Nov, Dec. (EXPO Materials). View MAPS web page at: http://www.midamericapaleo.org

President: Marvin Houg, 1820 30th St. Dr. SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52403 1st Vice President: Dale Stout, 2237 Meadowbrook Dr. SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52403 2nd Vice President: Tom Williams, 2122 14th St., Peru, IL 61354 Secretary: Tiffany Adrain, Dept. of Geoscience, Univ. of Iowa, 121 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 Treasurer: Jim Preslicka, 1439 Plum Street, Iowa City, IA 52240 Digest Editors: John Catalani & Chris Cozart Webmaster: Jim Preslicka Membership (send dues to): Dale Stout, 2237 Meadowbrook Dr. SE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52403 Immediate Past President: Gilbert Norris, 2623 34th Avenue Ct., Rock Island, IL 61201 Directors: Doug DeRosear (18), Karl Stuekerjuergen (17), Gilbert Norris (16)

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