Judith Riyer Beds

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Judith Riyer Beds B, Descriptive Geology, 64 Bulletin No. 257 C, Systematic Geology and Paleontology, 72 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DlRECTOB GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE JUDITH RIYER BEDS BY T. W. STANTON AND J. B. HATCHER WITH A CHAPTER ON THE FOSSIL PLANTS F. H. KISTOWLTON WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal...................................................... 7 introduction............................................................. 9 Descriptive geology....................................................... 11 The stratigraphic column ......'........................................ 11 Benton shales............................................ 11 Eagle formation.......................................... 12 Claggett formation ........................................ 13 Judith Eiver beds......................................... 13 Bearpavv shales .......................................... 13 Higher horizons.......................................... 14 Historical review......I........................:..............-....... 14 Description of Judith Eiver beds, by areas ............................. 31 Original area..................................................... 31 General features.............-..-..--..--..--.-.....-......... 31 Exposures on Dog Creek...................................... 34 Exposures on Birch Creek .................................... 38 Exposures on Missouri between Birch and Cow creeks.......... 40 Exposures on Cow Creek ...................................... 41 Area near Havre, Mont .............. .............'................ 45 Exposures on Milk River from Havre to the international boundary................................................... 48 Exposures on Milk Kiver north of the international boundary... 51 Sage Creek area, Assiniboia ....................................... 53 Willow Creek area, in central Montana ............................ 56 Fish Creek area......'............................................ 59 Other probable areas ............................................. 61 Resume and conclusions .................................'............. 62 Vertebrate fauna, by J. B. Hatcher........................................ 67 Pisces ..-....:...................--........-.-.---.,,............. ... 67. Amphibia ........................................................... 69 Reptilia ........................................................:.... 71 Aves ........................................... '. ..................... 99 Mammalia.... r ...................................................... .100 Summary............................................................ 101 Invertebrate fauna, by T. W. Stanton...................................... 104 Pelecypoda ........:................'................................. 104 Gasteropoda ..................... ................................... 113 Cephalopoda......................................................... 119 Insecta ............................................................... 119 General comments ................................................... 119 Fossil plants, by F. H. Knowlton.......................................... 129 Descriptions of species ................................................ 129 Discussion of the flora ................................................ 150 Index ................................................................... 169 3 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE I. A, General view of the Eagle formation; B, Sandstones and overlying lignite-bearing beds of the Eagle formation at the mouth of Eagle Creek ........................................................ 12 II. Cliff of upper Eagle sandstone near mouth of Dog Creek ........... 36 III. A, General view of Birch Creek Canyon from top of bluffs near its mouth, looking toward the Bearpaw Mountains; B, Broken anti­ cline of Eagle sandstone on north side of Missouri River 1 mile below mouth of Birch Creek ................................... 38 IV. A, View down Missouri River below mouth of Birch Creek; B, Clag- gett formation and overlying Judith River beds on Birch Creek ... 40 V. Fault contact of highly inclined Eagle sandstone with horizontal Judith River beds near mouth of Cow Creek .................... 42 VI. A, Undisturbed Judith River beds with overlying Bearpaw shales on Cow Creek; B, Fault contact of Judith River beds with Bear- paw shales on Cow Creek 10 miles above its mouth.............. 44 VII. A, Indurated or concretionary mass in upper part of Judith River beds, Cow Creek 13 miles above its mouth; B, Upper part of Judith River beds with heavy bed of lignite, Cow Creek......... 44 VIII. A, Badlands exposures of Judith River beds, north side of Milk River near Havre, Mont.; B, Upper part of Judith River beds and overlying Bearpaw shales, south side of Milk River 3 miles west of Havre, Mont .......................................... 46 I.. A, Upturned Judith.River beds and base of Bearpaw shales, Meili Coulee near Havre, Mont.; B, Claggett shales and base of Judith River beds, Milk River one-half mile below Pendant d'Oreille, Assiniboia.................................................... 48 X. A, Exposure showing remains of Trachodon skeleton on Sage Creek, Assiniboia; B, Contact between Judith River beds and overlying Bearpaw shales on Sage Creek, Assiniboia....................... 54 XI. A, Judith River beds on Willow Creek 10 miles north of .Mussel- shell post-office, Mont.; B, Judith River beds on Fish Creek, Montana ..................................................... 58 XII. Fig. 1, Unio priscus Meek and Hay den; figs. 2-4, Unio priscus var. abbreviatus n. var............................................. 126 XIII. Fig. 1, Unio subspatulatus Meek and Hayden; figs. 2, 3, Unio supen- awensisn. sp.; fig. 4, Goniobasis judithensis n. sp.; fig. 5, Melania whiteavesi n. sp................................................ 128 XIV. Fig. 1, Fern, indeterminable, enlarged 3 times; fig. 2, Sequoia sp.?; figs. 3-5, Sequoia reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer; fig. 6, Osmunda montanensis n. sp.; enlarged 2times............................ 158 5 b ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE XV. Fig. 1, Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endlicher; figs. 2-5, Dam- mara acicularis n. sp.; fig. 6, Carpites pruni n. sp.; fig. 6a, Carpites pruni n. sp., enlarged 3£ times; fig. 7, Fern, indeterminable, enlarged 3 times ............................................ 160 XVI. Fig. 1, Cunninghamites pulchellus n. sp.; fig. 2, Carpites alatusn. sp.; fig. 3, Thuja cretacea? (Heer) Newberry; fig. 3a, Thuja cretacea? (Heer) Newberry, enlarged 3 times; fig. 4, Carpites judithse n. sp.; fig. 5, Sequoia heterophylla? Vel.; fig. 6, Cun­ ninghamites recurvatus ? Hosius and von der Marck........... 162 XVII. Figs. 1-5, Populus cretacea n. sp.; fig. 6, Quercus montana n. sp.; fig. 7, Sapindus inexpectans n. sp........ ..................... 164 XVIII. Fig. 1, Populites amplus n. sp.; fig. 2, Quercus n. sp.; fig. 3, Betu- lites? hatcheri n. sp.; figs. 4, 5, Diospyros judithae n. sp.; fig. 6, Phyllites dubius n. sp........................................ 166 XIX. Fig. 1, Populus sp.; fig. 2, Phyllites denticulatus n. sp.; fig. 3, Diospyros judithse n. sp.; fig. 4, Castalia stantoni n. sp.......... 168 FIG. L Boreodon matutinus Lambe........................................ 100 LETTER OF TRANSMTTTAL. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. C. , May 11, 1904. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a report on the geology and paleontology of the Judith River beds, by T. W. Stanton and J. B.-Hatcher, with a chapter on the fossil plants by F. H. Knowlton, and to recommend its publication as a bulletin. The report embodies the results, of field' studies in Montana and adjacent regions during the season of 1903, and of a subsequent study of the collections. By combining careful stratigraphic observations with several lines of paleontologic investigation the authors have satis­ factorily answered a much discussed question in Cretaceous stratig- raptry, and the results stated in this report will have an important bearing on the geology of a large area in the Northwest. Very respectfully, C. W. HAYES, Geologist in Charge of Geology. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE JUDITH RIVER BEDS. By T. W. STANTON and J. B. HATCHER." INTRODUCTION. During- the summer of 1903 we spent two months together in the field study of the Judith River and associated formations of north­ ern and central Montana and adjacent areas of Canada. The prin­ cipal results of this work were the accurate determination of the position of the Judith River beds in the Upper Cretaceous section, and the removal of all doubts as to the correlation of these beds with the Belly River beds of Canada, thus establishing more accurately the position of that Canadian formation. These results are offered as a slight contribution to the Mesozoic history of the north interior region, which is rendered more than usually difficult to decipher because land or nonmarine conditions prevailed during several recurring intervals, at least from the Upper Jurassic to the top of the Cretaceous. It is our purpose to give somewhat in detail the evidence on which our conclusions are based, restricting the descrip­ tions to the areas which have been actually studied by us and which include practically all the known exposures of Judith River beds in Montana and the southeastern part of
Recommended publications
  • Word Definitions
    PAGE 1 OF 12 WORD DEFINITIONS The Catholic Words Memory Match Card Game, a fun way for the entire family—or classroom— to learn new Catholic vocabulary words! Instilling a love and reverence for the faith should begin at an early age. This game was borne out of my own desire to do just that for my own children. The Catholic Words Memory Match Card Game will provide parents, grandparents, teachers, homeschoolers, Dan Gonzalez, his wife Elisa and their catechists and youth ministers a fun way to help teach Catholic vocabulary words. two children Matthew and Zoe. A FUN WAY TO LEARN Watch your little one’s excitement at Mass when they recognize the vessels, objects and vestments With these free printable definitions, the game used in the liturgy. Introducing these words will cards become flash cards. help prepare them to receive the Sacraments and Show a card and read its definition. Let the inaugurate a lifelong journey of learning about the child see the picture of the real-world object. wonders of their Catholic faith. Discuss where the object is seen at your local May God bless you and those entrusted to your care. parish or in the home. Take the cards with you to church and point out the items before or after Mass. Then, let the games begin! Catholic Words Memory Match is an addictive way to learn new Catholic vocabulary words! Dan Gonzalez Advent Wreath: A wreath usually made Alb: A white robe with long sleeves worn by the Altar Bells: A bell or set of bells rung of holly or evergreen branches that hold three priest under his chasuble and the deacon under immediately after the consecration of each purple candles and a rose one.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Adventure Road Trips
    Easy Drives, Big Fun, and Planning Tips Six Adventure Road Trips DAY HIKES, FLY-FISHING, SKIING, HISTORIC SITES, AND MUCH MORE A custom guidebook in partnership with Montana Offi ce of Tourism and Business Development and Outside Magazine Montana Contents is the perfect place for road tripping. There are 3 Glacier Country miles and miles of open roads. The landscape is stunning and varied. And its towns are welcoming 6 Roaming the National Forests and alluring, with imaginative hotels, restaurants, and breweries operated by friendly locals. 8 Montana’s Mountain Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks are Biking Paradise the crown jewels, but the Big Sky state is filled with hundreds of equally awesome playgrounds 10 in which to mountain bike, trail run, hike, raft, Gateways to Yellowstone fish, horseback ride, and learn about the region’s rich history, dating back to the days of the 14 The Beauty of Little dinosaurs. And that’s just in summer. Come Bighorn Country winter, the state turns into a wonderland. The skiing and snowboarding are world-class, and the 16 Exploring Missouri state offers up everything from snowshoeing River Country and cross-country skiing to snowmobiling and hot springs. Among Montana’s star attractions 18 Montana on Tap are ten national forests, hundreds of streams, tons of state parks, and historic monuments like 20 Adventure Base Camps Little Bighorn Battlefield and the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. Whether it’s a family- 22 friendly hike or a peaceful river trip, there’s an Montana in Winter experience that will recharge your spirit around every corner in Montana.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy, Age and Correlation of the Upper Cretaceous Tohatchi Formation, Western New Mexico Spencer G
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/54 Stratigraphy, age and correlation of the Upper Cretaceous Tohatchi Formation, western New Mexico Spencer G. Lucas, Dennis R. Braman, and Justin A. Spielmann, 2003, pp. 359-368 in: Geology of the Zuni Plateau, Lucas, Spencer G.; Semken, Steven C.; Berglof, William; Ulmer-Scholle, Dana; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 54th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 425 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2003 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks.
    [Show full text]
  • APS Bulletin 28(1) March 2013
    Palæontological Society Bulletin AlbertaVOLUME 28 • NUMBER 1 www.albertapaleo.org MARCH 2013 ALBERTA PALÆONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS MEMBERSHIP: Any person with a sincere interest in President Wayne Braunberger (403) 278-5154 palaeontology is eligible to present their application for Vice-President Cory Gross (403) 617-2079 membership in the Society. (Please enclose membership Treasurer Mona Marsovsky (403) 547-0182 dues with your request for application.) Secretary Arnold Ingelson (403) 249-6748 Past-President Dan Quinsey (403) 247-3022 Single membership $20.00 annually Family or Institution $25.00 annually DIRECTORS Editor Howard Allen (403) 274-1858 THE BULLETIN WILL BE PUBLISHED QUARTERLY: Membership Vaclav Marsovsky (403) 547-0182 March, June, September and December. Deadline for sub- Programs Harold Whittaker (403) 286-0349 mitting material for publication is the 15th of the month Field Trips (To volunteer contact the President) prior to publication. COMMITTEES Society Mailing Address: Fossil Collection Howard Allen (403) 274-1858 Alberta Palaeontological Society Library Reg Spratley (403) 263-0556 P.O. Box 35111, Sarcee Postal Outlet Public Outreach Cory Gross (403) 617-2079 Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3E 7C7 Social Dan Quinsey (403) 247-3022 (Web: www.albertapaleo.org) Symposium Vaclav Marsovsky (403) 547-0182 Website Vaclav Marsovsky (403) 547-0182 Material for the Bulletin: The Society was incorporated in 1986, as a non-profit Howard Allen, Editor, APS organization formed to: 7828 Hunterslea Crescent, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2K 4M2 a. Promote the science of palaeontology through study (E-mail: [email protected]) and education. b. Make contributions to the science by: NOTICE: Readers are advised that opinions expressed in 1) Discovery 2) Collection 3) Description the articles are those of the author and do not necessarily 4) Education of the general public reflect the viewpoint of the Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Theropod Teeth from the Upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New Morphotypes and Faunal Comparisons
    Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons TERRY A. GATES, LINDSAY E. ZANNO, and PETER J. MAKOVICKY Gates, T.A., Zanno, L.E., and Makovicky, P.J. 2015. Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1): 131–139. Isolated teeth from vertebrate microfossil localities often provide unique information on the biodiversity of ancient ecosystems that might otherwise remain unrecognized. Microfossil sampling is a particularly valuable tool for doc- umenting taxa that are poorly represented in macrofossil surveys due to small body size, fragile skeletal structure, or relatively low ecosystem abundance. Because biodiversity patterns in the late Maastrichtian of North American are the primary data for a broad array of studies regarding non-avian dinosaur extinction in the terminal Cretaceous, intensive sampling on multiple scales is critical to understanding the nature of this event. We address theropod biodiversity in the Maastrichtian by examining teeth collected from the Hell Creek Formation locality that yielded FMNH PR 2081 (the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen “Sue”). Eight morphotypes (three previously undocumented) are identified in the sample, representing Tyrannosauridae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae. Noticeably absent are teeth attributed to the morphotypes Richardoestesia and Paronychodon. Morphometric comparison to dromaeosaurid teeth from multiple Hell Creek and Lance formations microsites reveals two unique dromaeosaurid morphotypes bearing finer distal denticles than present on teeth of similar size, and also differences in crown shape in at least one of these. These findings suggest more dromaeosaurid taxa, and a higher Maastrichtian biodiversity, than previously appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transition from the Judith River Formation to the Bearpaw Shale
    The transition from the Judith River Formation to the Bearpaw Shale (Campanian), north-central Montana by Roger Elmer Braun A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences Montana State University © Copyright by Roger Elmer Braun (1983) Abstract: The upper 15 m of the Judith River Formation on and adjacent to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, north-central Montana is composed mostly of overbank mudrock, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and coal, with some cross-stratified channel sandstone in the lower part. The lower 15 m of the overlying Bearpaw Shale is a transgressive deposit composed primarily of concretionary silty shale with some clayey, silty sandstone zones and one bentonite bed. The source area for both formations was primarily in western Montana and Idaho, with the Elkhorn Mountains volcanics a major source of debris. The contact between the Judith River and Bearpaw formations is abrupt and lacks a transgressive sandstone facies. The transgression of the Bearpaw sea across the study area is considered to have been a nearly isochronous event because of the nature of the transition, small east-west differences in thickness between marker horizons, and similar elevations of the contact from east to west across undeformed parts of the study area. The Bearpaw transgression was caused mainly by tectonic thickening in the western Cordillera, which created subsidence primarily in the western and central portions of the Western Interior basin. The transgression was a nearly isochronous event that took place approximately 72 m.y. ago according to radiometric age dates on bentonite beds.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana
    Report of Investigation 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg 2015 Cover photo by Richard Berg. Sapphires (very pale green and colorless) concentrated by panning. The small red grains are garnets, commonly found with sapphires in western Montana, and the black sand is mainly magnetite. Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology MBMG Report of Investigation 23 2015 i Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Descriptions of Occurrences ..................................................................................................7 Selected Bibliography of Articles on Montana Sapphires ................................................... 75 General Montana ............................................................................................................75 Yogo ................................................................................................................................ 75 Southwestern Montana Alluvial Deposits........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Rock Creek sapphire district ........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Dry Cottonwood Creek deposit and the Butte area ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • KENNETH CARPENTER, Ph.D. Director and Curator Of
    KENNETH CARPENTER, Ph.D. Director and Curator of Paleontology Prehistoric Museum Utah State University - College of Eastern Utah 155 East Main Street Price, Utah 84501 Education May, 1996. Ph.D., Geology University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Dissertation “Sharon Springs Member, Pierre Shale (Lower Campanian) depositional environment and origin of it' s Vertebrate fauna, with a review of North American plesiosaurs” 251 p. May, 1980. B.S. in Geology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Aug-Dec. 1977 Apprenticeship, Smithsonian Inst., Washington DC Professional Museum Experience 1975 – 1980: University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, CO. 1983 – 1984: Mississippi Museum of Natural History, Jackson, MS. 1984 – 1986: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia. 1986: Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA. 1986: Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, OK. 1987 – 1989: Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, MT. 1989 – 1996: Chief Preparator, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO. 1996 – 2010: Chief Preparator, and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO. 2006 – 2007; 2008-2009: Acting Department Head, Chief Preparator, and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO. 2010 – present: Director, Prehistoric Museum, Price, UT 2010 – present: Associate Vice Chancellor, Utah State University Professional Services: 1991 – 1998: Science Advisor, Garden Park Paleontological Society 1994: Senior Organizer, Symposium "The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study" 1996: Scientific Consultant Walking With Dinosaurs , BBC, England 2000: Scientific Consultant Ballad of Big Al , BBC, England 2000 – 2003: Associate Editor, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2001 – 2003: Associate Editor, Earth Sciences History journal 2003 – present: Scientific Advisor, HAN Project 21 Dinosaur Expos, Tokyo, Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • North-Central Montana
    Petrology of the Eagle Sandstone, Bearpaw Mountains Area, North-Central Montana By DONALD L. GAUTIER INVESTIGATIONS OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1521 Prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Depart1Tl£nt of Energy Composition and burial history of an important conventional shallow methane reservoir in the northern Great Plains UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1981 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data . Gautier, Donald L. Petrology of the Eagle Sandstone, Bearpaw Mountains area, north-central Montana. (Investigations of shallow gas reservoirs in the northern Great Plains) (Geological Survey Bulletin 1521) Bibliography: p. 52 1. Sandstone-Montana-Bearpaw Mountains region. 2. Gas, Natural-Geology­ Montana-Bearpaw Mountains region. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: Geological Survey Bulletin 1521. QE75.B9 no. 1521 [QE471.15.S25] 557.3s 81-607963 [552'.5] AACR2 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Absuact:---------------------------------------------------- 1 In~uction------------------------------------------------- 2 ~~un~--------------------------------------------- 4 Acknowledgments-------------------------------------- 5 Geologic Setting----------------------------------- 6 Hydrocarbons in the Eagle Sandstone------------------------ 8 Lithology----------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Pope Addresses Vatican Reforms Aimed at Curbing Corruption, Abuse
    Pope addresses Vatican reforms aimed at curbing corruption, abuse VATICAN CITY (CNS) — While financial reforms in the Vatican are progressing steadily, cases involving corruption and malfeasance in the Eternal City are “a disease that we relapse into,” Pope Francis said. In a wide-ranging interview broadcast Sept. 1 by COPE, the Spanish radio station owned by the Spanish bishops’ conference, Pope Francis said changes made in the Vatican’s financial laws have allowed prosecutors to “become more independent” in their investigations. “Let’s hope that these steps we are taking … will help to make these events happen less and less,” he said. During the interview, the pope was asked about the Vatican trial against 10 individuals and entities, including Cardinal Angelo Becciu, former prefect of the Congregation for Saints’ Causes, on charges ranging from embezzlement to money laundering and abuse of office. The charges stemmed from a Vatican investigation into how the Secretariat of State used $200 million to finance a property development project in London’s posh Chelsea district and incurred millions of dollars in debt. At the time, then- Archbishop Becciu served as “sostituto,” the No. 3 position in the Vatican Secretariat of State. Cardinal Becciu was forced to offer his resignation to the pope in September 2020, after he was accused of embezzling an estimated 100,000 euros of Vatican funds and redirecting them to Spes, a Caritas organization run by his brother, Tonino Becciu, in his home Diocese of Ozieri, Sardinia. The pope told COPE he authorized the Vatican’s investigation into the property deal as a sign that he was “not afraid of transparency or the truth.” “Sometimes it hurts a lot, but the truth is what sets us free,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Church and Liturgical Objects and Terms
    Church and Liturgical Objects and Terms Liturgical Objects Used in Church The chalice: The The paten: The vessel which golden “plate” that holds the wine holds the bread that that becomes the becomes the Sacred Precious Blood of Body of Christ. Christ. The ciborium: A The pyx: golden vessel A small, closing with a lid that is golden vessel that is used for the used to bring the distribution and Blessed Sacrament to reservation of those who cannot Hosts. come to the church. The purificator is The cruets hold the a small wine and the water rectangular cloth that are used at used for wiping Mass. the chalice. The lavabo towel, The lavabo and which the priest pitcher: used for dries his hands after washing the washing them during priest's hands. the Mass. The corporal is a square cloth placed The altar cloth: A on the altar beneath rectangular white the chalice and cloth that covers paten. It is folded so the altar for the as to catch any celebration of particles of the Host Mass. that may accidentally fall The altar A new Paschal candles: Mass candle is prepared must be and blessed every celebrated with year at the Easter natural candles Vigil. This light stands (more than 51% near the altar during bees wax), which the Easter Season signify the and near the presence of baptismal font Christ, our light. during the rest of the year. It may also stand near the casket during the funeral rites. The sanctuary lamp: Bells, rung during A candle, often red, the calling down that burns near the of the Holy Spirit tabernacle when the to consecrate the Blessed Sacrament is bread and wine present there.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dinosaur Park - Bearpaw Formation Transition in the Cypress Hills Region of Southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada Meagan M
    The Dinosaur Park - Bearpaw Formation Transition in the Cypress Hills Region of Southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada Meagan M. Gilbert Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan; [email protected] Summary The Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) is a south- and eastward-thinning fluvial to marginal marine clastic-wedge in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. The DPF is overlain by the Bearpaw Formation (BF), a fully marine clastic succession representing the final major transgression of the epicontinental Western Interior Seaway (WIS) across western North America. In southwestern Saskatchewan, the DPF is comprised of marginal marine coal, carbonaceous shale, and heterolithic siltstone and sandstone grading vertically into marine sandstone and shale of the Bearpaw Formation. Due to Saskatchewan’s proximity to the paleocoastline, 5th order transgressive cycles resulted in the deposition of multiple coal seams (Lethbridge Coal Zone; LCZ) in the upper two-thirds of the DPF in the study area. The estimated total volume of coal is 48109 m3, with a gas potential of 46109 m3 (Frank, 2005). The focus of this study is to characterize the facies and facies associations of the DPF, the newly erected Manâtakâw Member, and the lower BF in the Cypress Hills region of southwestern Saskatchewan utilizing core, outcrop, and geophysical well log data. This study provides a comprehensive sequence stratigraphic overview of the DPF-BF transition in Saskatchewan and the potential for coalbed methane exploration. Introduction The Dinosaur Park and Bearpaw Formations in Alberta, and its equivalents in Montana, have been the focus of several sedimentologic and stratigraphic studies due to exceptional outcrop exposure and extensive subsurface data (e.g., McLean, 1971; Wood, 1985, 1989; Eberth and Hamblin, 1993; Tsujita, 1995; Catuneanu et al., 1997; Hamblin, 1997; Rogers et al., 2016).
    [Show full text]