Natural environment and economy of

Natural environment and economy of Ukraine Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Natural environment and economy of Ukraine

Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: www.pixabay.com.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know

what the current territorial division of Europe is; what the Soviet Union (USSR) was; what the characteristics of the temperate warm continental climate are.

You will learn

to determine the location of Ukraine on the map of Europe; to discuss the current political situation in Ukraine; to characterize the natural environment of Ukraine; to list the main branches of the Ukrainian economy.

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu

Locaon and division of Ukraine Task 1

Specify the geographical locaon of Ukraine and indicate the countries it borders.

Locaon of Ukraine

Bordering countries

Ukraine is a large country in Eastern Europe – the second largest on our continent, after the Russian Federation. It has an area of over 603 thousand km2, which is almost twice as large as that of Poland. The capital of Ukraine is Kiev.

Natural condions Task 2

Describe the natural condions of Ukraine: the coastline, the lay of the land, and the network of waterways. Use geographical atlases and the geography textbook, as well as the e-textbook.

Coastline

Lay of the land

Network of waterways

Climat

Ukraine is a lowland and upland country with a small share of mountains. These mountains include, among others, the narrow range of the Eastern Carpathians, which crosses the south‐western part of the country along a stretch of about 200 km. The highest peak of Ukraine can be found there – Hoverla – 2061 m above sea level. Another mountainous region in Ukraine are the coastal Crimean Mountains. From the geological point of view, they are similar to the Carpathians – they too were created in the Alpine orogeny and are mainly composed of sandstones, shales, and limestones. Due to their coastal location, they have high relative heights. The highest peak is Roman‐Kosh (1545 m above sea level).

On the eastern side of the Ukrainian Carpathians, there are vast, undulating upland areas – Podolia and Volhynia, as well as the Upland (on the right bank of the Dnieper River). The central part of Ukraine is covered by great lowlands – the Dnieper Lowland (on the left bank of the Dnieper River), and the (along the sea coast). Another lowland is Polesye, which stretches in the north‐western part of Ukraine, along the border with Belarus. On the other hand, in the east of the country, there is the relatively small and low Donets Ridge.

The biggest river in Ukraine is the Dnieper – the fourth longest river of Europe. It flows through the middle of the country from the north to the south, escaping to the Black Sea.

Ukraine has a temperate, warm, continental climate. This climate has the lowest precipitation among other temperate climates, and the greatest annual temperature variations. In practice, this means that summers are generally hot and dry, and winters – cold and dry. In the western part of Ukraine, near the border with Poland, there is a slightly milder type of climate, similar to our transitional climate. However, these are relatively high areas, which means that the climate there remains harsh, especially in winter. The warmest weather is recorded in the south, on the Black Sea coast, where the climate has Mediterranean characteristics.

Populaon of Ukraine

Distribuon of the Ukrainian populaon Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Ukraine currently has around 45 million inhabitants, slightly more than Poland. However, the population of our eastern neighbors has been steadily decreasing for years – after gaining independence in 1991, Ukraine had more than 52 million inhabitants. This decrease in population is mainly due to the unstable economic situation and poor economic development of the country. Uncertain future discourages young people from starting families and deciding to have children, and often forces them to emigrate. Moreover, on average, Ukrainians live much shorter (68 years) than other Europeans, which results in more deaths. All these factors contribute to a significant negative rate of natural increase and thus a negative actual rate of increase. The net migration rate oscillates around 0.

Economy of Ukraine

Task 3

Discuss the following issues based on the maps in the e-textbook, using geographical atlases, geography textbooks, and the Internet. Economy of Ukraine: Agriculture (soils and crops), industry (mineral resources and branches of industry).

Agriculture (soils and crops)

Industry (mineral resources and branches of industry)

Ukraine is an agricultural and industrial country. Figuratively speaking, the occurrence of fertile black earths over large areas left no choice but to develop them for growing crops. Large harvests are reaped and sold abroad – Ukraine is presently a significant exporter of wheat, corn, and sunflower. In addition, sugar beets, barley, and other cereals, as well as vegetables and fruit, are grown there. In the south of the country, the climate is the warmest and allows to grow, e.g., grapes, or even citrus fruits. Animal husbandry in Ukraine is also highly developed. Pigs, cattle, and poultry dominate, among which ducks are of high export importance.

The Ukrainian industry has developed on the basis of mineral resources. In the Donetsk region, bituminous coal (in the past also brown coal) is mined, and in the area of Kryvyi Rih – iron ores. Ukraine is one of the world’s leading producers of these two raw materials. In addition, manganese and uranium ores as well as small quantities of crude oil and natural gas are extracted. Ukraine, like Poland, is dependent on supplies of Russian oil and gas.

Source: licencja: CC 0. The political situation of Ukraine is complicated.

The war with Russia continues in the east of Ukraine. On March 17, 2014, the authorities of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea unrecognized by Ukraine announced Crimea as an independent state. Then they asked Russia to join it. On the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the recognition of Crimea as a sovereign and independent state. A day later, the new creation became another entity of the Russian Federation.

Exercise 1

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Exercise 2

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Exercise 3

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Keywords

Crimea, Black Sea, Kiev

Exercise 4

Match the pairs: English words with Polish definion.

typ wybrzeża, na którym w czasie przypływu zalewane są ujściowe odcinki rzek o charakterze lejkowym. Wraz z odpływem fale morskie unoszą muł z rzeki i budują wał między ujściem a otwartym morzem. Powstaje liman, czyli zatoka utworzona z ujściowego odcinka jaru rzeki., ruch społeczny związany z falą największych manifestacji i protestów przelewających się na Ukrainie od momentu uzyskania przez ten kraj niepodległości w 1991 roku. Rozpoczęły się one 21 listopada 2013 demonstracją przeciwko odłożeniu przez prezydenta Wiktora Janukowycza podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej z Unią Europejską.

liman coast

Euromaidan Glossary

liman coast

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: liman coast

wybrzeże limanowe - typ wybrzeża, na którym w czasie przypływu zalewane są ujściowe odcinki rzek o charakterze lejkowym. Wraz z odpływem fale morskie unoszą muł z rzeki i budują wał między ujściem a otwartym morzem. Powstaje liman, czyli zatoka utworzona z ujściowego odcinka jaru rzeki.

Euromaidan

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: Euromaidan

Euromajdan - ruch społeczny związany z falą największych manifestacji i protestów przelewających się na Ukrainie od momentu uzyskania przez ten kraj niepodległości w 1991 roku. Rozpoczęły się one 21 listopada 2013 demonstracją przeciwko odłożeniu przez prezydenta Wiktora Janukowycza podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej z Unią Europejską. Lesson plan (Polish)

Temat: Środowisko przyrodnicze i gospodarka Ukrainy

Adresat

Uczeń klasy VI szkoły podstawowej

Podstawa programowa

VIII Sąsiedzi Polski: przemiany przemysłu w Niemczech; dziedzictwo kulturowe Litwy i Białorusi; środowisko przyrodnicze i atrakcje turystyczne Czech i Słowacji; problemy polityczne, społeczne i gospodarcze Ukrainy; zróżnicowanie przyrodnicze i społeczno‐gospodarcze Ukrainy; zróżnicowanie przyrodnicze i społeczno- gospodarcze Rosji; relacje Polski z sąsiadami.

Uczeń:

4) Rozumie problemy polityczne, społeczne i gospodarcze Ukrainy;

7) Rozumie potrzebę kształtowania dobrych relacji Polski z sąsiadami.

Ogólny cel kształcenia

Uczeń pozna środowisko przyrodnicze oraz przyczyny problemów gospodarczych i społecznych Ukrainy

Kompetencje kluczowe

porozumiewanie się w językach obcych; kompetencje informatyczne; umiejętność uczenia się.

Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się:

określisz położenie Ukrainy na mapie Europy; omówisz aktualną sytuację polityczną na Ukrainie; scharakteryzować środowisko przyrodnicze Ukrainy; wymienisz główne gałęzie ukraińskiej gospodarki; omówisz problemy gospodarcze i społeczne Ukrainy.

Metody/techniki kształcenia

podające pogadanka. aktywizujące dyskusja. eksponujące pokaz. programowane z użyciem komputera; z użyciem e‐podręcznika. praktyczne ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.

Formy pracy

praca indywidualna; praca w parach; praca w grupach; praca całego zespołu klasowego.

Środki dydaktyczne

e‐podręcznik; tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery; platforma edukacyjna Quizizz; platforma edukacyjna Learning Apss; mapa fizyczna Europy; roczniki statystyczne; atlasy geograficzne.

Przebieg lekcji

Przed lekcją

Uczniowie zapoznają się z treścią abstraktu. Przygotowują się do pracy na lekcji w taki sposób, żeby móc przeczytany materiał streścić własnymi słowami i samodzielnie rozwiązać zadania.

Faza wstępna

Nauczyciel podaje uczniom temat oraz cele lekcji. Nauczyciel uruchamia na tablicy multimedialnej aplikację Learning Apss i korzystając z Planszy interaktywnej prosi uczniów i dokonywanie zapisu skojarzeń związanych z historią Ukrainy. Dyskusja.

Faza realizacyjna

Nauczyciel na lekcji wcześniejsze prosił uczniów o zapoznanie się z materiałem źródłowym dotyczącym historii Ukrainy- edukacja odwrócona. Uczniowie przyswajają wiadomości w domu i dzięki temu jest możliwa bogata dyskusja na temat trudnych wydarzeń, które miały miejsce na losy Ukrainy i ich wpływ na obecną sytuację polityczną. Praca całego zespołu klasowego. Uczniowie określają położenie geograficzne Ukrainy. Wskazują państwa graniczące. Praca w parach. Charakterystyka warunków naturalnych Ukrainy: linia brzegowa, ukształtowanie pionowe, sieć rzeczna, klimat. Uczniowie korzystają z atlasów geograficznych i podręcznika do nauczania geografii oraz z e‐podręcznika. Wskazane osoby omawiają opracowane zagadnienie. Korzystają z mapy z e‐podręcznika, wyświetlonej na tablicy interaktywnej Ukraina - mapa hipsometryczna. Nauczyciel wyświetla na tablicy interaktywnej mapę z e‐podręcznika Rozmieszczenie ludności Ukrainy. Prosi uczniów o odczytanie miast najbardziej zaludnionych. Następnie prosi o wyszukanie informacji w zasobach Internetu dotyczącej liczebności Ukrainy. Wyciągnięcie wniosków. Praca w parach. Gospodarka Ukrainy: Rolnictwo (gleby i uprawy), przemysł (surowce mineralne i gałęzie przemysłu). Uczniowie korzystają z atlasów geograficznych, podręcznika do nauczania geografii oraz z zasobów Internetu. Omówienie zagadnień w oparciu o mapy z e‐podręcznika wyświetlonych na ekranie tablicy multimedialnej. Praca w parach. Nauczyciel dzieli klasę na 4 zespoły. Uczniowie w każdej grupie opracowują obszar tematyczny Elektrownia atomowa - Jesteś Za czy przeciw? Każda grupa otrzymuje kartkę papieru A1, mazaki. Uczniowie korzystają z materiałów źródłowych takich jak podręcznik do nauczania geografii, zasoby Internetu, podręcznik do nauczania geografii.Za pomocą metody „Gadająca ściana” uczniowie przedstawiają swoje propozycje.

Faza podsumowująca

Na zakończenie zajęć nauczyciel uruchamia platformę Quizizz.com. Gra dydaktyczna sprawdzająca wiedzę z lekcji o Ukrainie. Do gry nauczyciel zaprasza kilkoro uczniów, by Ci korzystając z telefonów komórkowych i dostępu do Internetu sprawdzili swoją wiedzę. Po wykonaniu testu analiza wszystkich zadań. Nauczyciel prosi o samoocenę uczniów dotyczącą współpracy w zespole oraz wykonanego zadania. Dokonuje oceny pracy wybranych uczniów. Na zakończenie zajęć, nauczyciel wyświetla na tablicy interaktywnej ćwiczenia, które wykonywane są przez cały zespół klasowy.

W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania

Pojęcia

liman coast Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: liman coast

wybrzeże limanowe - typ wybrzeża, na którym w czasie przypływu zalewane są ujściowe odcinki rzek o charakterze lejkowym. Wraz z odpływem fale morskie unoszą muł z rzeki i budują wał między ujściem a otwartym morzem. Powstaje liman, czyli zatoka utworzona z ujściowego odcinka jaru rzeki.

Euromaidan

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: Euromaidan

Euromajdan - ruch społeczny związany z falą największych manifestacji i protestów przelewających się na Ukrainie od momentu uzyskania przez ten kraj niepodległości w 1991 roku. Rozpoczęły się one 21 listopada 2013 demonstracją przeciwko odłożeniu przez prezydenta Wiktora Janukowycza podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej z Unią Europejską.

Teksty i nagrania

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu

Natural environment and economy of Ukraine

Ukraine is a large country in Eastern Europe – the second largest on our continent, after the Russian Federation. It has an area of over 603 thousand km2, which is almost twice as large as that of Poland. The capital of Ukraine is Kiev.

Ukraine is a lowland and upland country with a small share of mountains. These mountains include, among others, the narrow range of the Eastern Carpathians, which crosses the south‐western part of the country along a stretch of about 200 km. The highest peak of Ukraine can be found there – Hoverla – 2061 m above sea level. Another mountainous region in Ukraine are the coastal Crimean Mountains. From the geological point of view, they are similar to the Carpathians – they too were created in the Alpine orogeny and are mainly composed of sandstones, shales, and limestones. Due to their coastal location, they have high relative heights. The highest peak is Roman‐Kosh (1545 m above sea level). On the eastern side of the Ukrainian Carpathians, there are vast, undulating upland areas – Podolia and Volhynia, as well as the (on the right bank of the Dnieper River). The central part of Ukraine is covered by great lowlands – the Dnieper Lowland (on the left bank of the Dnieper River), and the Black Sea Lowland (along the sea coast). Another lowland is Polesye, which stretches in the north‐western part of Ukraine, along the border with Belarus. On the other hand, in the east of the country, there is the relatively small and low Donets Ridge.

The biggest river in Ukraine is the Dnieper – the fourth longest river of Europe. It flows through the middle of the country from the north to the south, escaping to the Black Sea.

Ukraine has a temperate, warm, continental climate. This climate has the lowest precipitation among other temperate climates, and the greatest annual temperature variations. In practice, this means that summers are generally hot and dry, and winters – cold and dry. In the western part of Ukraine, near the border with Poland, there is a slightly milder type of climate, similar to our transitional climate. However, these are relatively high areas, which means that the climate there remains harsh, especially in winter. The warmest weather is recorded in the south, on the Black Sea coast, where the climate has Mediterranean characteristics.

Ukraine currently has around 45 million inhabitants, slightly more than Poland. However, the population of our eastern neighbors has been steadily decreasing for years – after gaining independence in 1991, Ukraine had more than 52 million inhabitants. This decrease in population is mainly due to the unstable economic situation and poor economic development of the country. Uncertain future discourages young people from starting families and deciding to have children, and often forces them to emigrate. Moreover, on average, Ukrainians live much shorter (68 years) than other Europeans, which results in more deaths. All these factors contribute to a significant negative rate of natural increase and thus a negative actual rate of increase. The net migration rate oscillates around 0.

Ukraine is an agricultural and industrial country. Figuratively speaking, the occurrence of fertile black earths over large areas left no choice but to develop them for growing crops. Large harvests are reaped and sold abroad – Ukraine is presently a significant exporter of wheat, corn, and sunflower. In addition, sugar beets, barley, and other cereals, as well as vegetables and fruit, are grown there. In the south of the country, the climate is the warmest and allows to grow, e.g., grapes, or even citrus fruits. Animal husbandry in Ukraine is also highly developed. Pigs, cattle, and poultry dominate, among which ducks are of high export importance.

The Ukrainian industry has developed on the basis of mineral resources. In the Donetsk region, bituminous coal (in the past also brown coal) is mined, and in the area of Kryvyi Rih – iron ores. Ukraine is one of the world’s leading producers of these two raw materials. In addition, manganese and uranium ores as well as small quantities of crude oil and natural gas are extracted. Ukraine, like Poland, is dependent on supplies of Russian oil and gas. The political situation of Ukraine is complicated.

The war with Russia continues in the east of Ukraine. On March 17, 2014, the authorities of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea unrecognized by Ukraine announced Crimea as an independent state. Then they asked Russia to join it. On the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the recognition of Crimea as a sovereign and independent state. A day later, the new creation became another entity of the Russian Federation. Lesson plan (English)

Topic: Natural environment and economy of Ukraine

Target group

Sixth‐grade student of primary school

Core curriculum

VIII. Neighbors of Poland: changes in industry in Germany; the cultural heritage of Lithuania and Belarus; natural environment and tourist attractions of the Czech Republic and Slovakia; political, social and economic problems of Ukraine; natural and socio‐economic diversity of Ukraine; natural and socio‐economic diversity of Russia; relations between Poland and neighbors.

Student:

4) Understands Ukraine's political, social and economic problems;

7) Understands the need to shape good relations between Poland and its neighbors.

General aim of education

The student will learn about the natural environment and the causes of Ukraine's economic and social problems

Key competences

communication in foreign languages; digital competence; learning to learn.

Criteria for success The student will learn:

you determine the location of Ukraine on the map of Europe; you will discuss the current political situation in Ukraine; characterize the natural environment of Ukraine; you will tell about the main branches of the Ukrainian economy; you will discuss Ukraine's economic and social problems.

Methods/techniques

expository talk. activating discussion. exposing exposition. programmed with computer; with e‐textbook. practical exercices concerned.

Forms of work

individual activity; activity in pairs; activity in groups; collective activity.

Teaching aids

e‐textbook; interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers; educational platform Quizizz; Learning Apss learning platform; physical map of Europe; Statistical Yearbook; geographical atlases.

Lesson plan overview

Before classes

Students get acquainted with the content of the abstract. They prepare to work on the lesson in such a way to be able to summarize the material read in their own words and solve the tasks themselves.

Introduction

The teacher gives students the topic and goals of the lesson. The teacher launches the Learning Apss application on the multimedia board and, using the interactive board, asks pupils and makes associations with the history of Ukraine. Discussion.

Realization

The teacher at the previous lesson asked students to familiarize themselves with the source material concerning the history of Ukraine - reverse education. Students acquire messages at home and it is possible to have a rich discussion about difficult events that took place on the fate of Ukraine and their impact on the current political situation. Work of the whole class team. Students determine the geographical location of Ukraine. They indicate the neighboring countries. Work in pairs. Characteristics of Ukraine's natural conditions: shoreline, vertical configuration, river network, climate. Students use geographical atlases and a geography instruction manual as well as an e‐textbook. The indicated persons discuss the developed issue. They use the map from the e‐manual, displayed on the interactive whiteboard Ukraine - hypsometric map. The teacher displays on the interactive whiteboard a map from the e‐textbook Distribution of Ukraine's population. He asks students to read the most populated cities. Then he asks for information on the Internet resources concerning the size of Ukraine. Drawing conclusions. Work in pairs. Economy of Ukraine: Agriculture (soils and crops), industry (mineral resources and industries). Students use geographical atlases, a handbook for teaching geography and Internet resources. Discussing issues based on maps from the e‐manual displayed on the multimedia board screen. Work in pairs. The teacher divides the class into 4 teams. Students in each group develop the thematic area. Nuclear power plant - Are you for or against? Each group receives a sheet of A1 paper, markers. Students use source materials such as a geography teaching handbook, Internet resources, a geography textbook. Students use their „Chatting wall” method to present their suggestions.

Summary

At the end of the class, the teacher launches the Quizizz.com platform. Didactic game checking knowledge of lessons about Ukraine. To play the game, the teacher invites several students to check their knowledge using mobile phones and Internet access. After the test, analysis of all tasks. The teacher asks for pupils' self‐esteem regarding cooperation in the team and the task performed. Evaluates the work of selected students. At the end of the class, the teacher displays on the interactive whiteboard exercises that are performed by the whole class team.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

liman coast Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: liman coast

wybrzeże limanowe - typ wybrzeża, na którym w czasie przypływu zalewane są ujściowe odcinki rzek o charakterze lejkowym. Wraz z odpływem fale morskie unoszą muł z rzeki i budują wał między ujściem a otwartym morzem. Powstaje liman, czyli zatoka utworzona z ujściowego odcinka jaru rzeki.

Euromaidan

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: Euromaidan

Euromajdan - ruch społeczny związany z falą największych manifestacji i protestów przelewających się na Ukrainie od momentu uzyskania przez ten kraj niepodległości w 1991 roku. Rozpoczęły się one 21 listopada 2013 demonstracją przeciwko odłożeniu przez prezydenta Wiktora Janukowycza podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej z Unią Europejską.

Texts and recordings

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu

Natural environment and economy of Ukraine

Ukraine is a large country in Eastern Europe – the second largest on our continent, after the Russian Federation. It has an area of over 603 thousand km2, which is almost twice as large as that of Poland. The capital of Ukraine is Kiev.

Ukraine is a lowland and upland country with a small share of mountains. These mountains include, among others, the narrow range of the Eastern Carpathians, which crosses the south‐western part of the country along a stretch of about 200 km. The highest peak of Ukraine can be found there – Hoverla – 2061 m above sea level. Another mountainous region in Ukraine are the coastal Crimean Mountains. From the geological point of view, they are similar to the Carpathians – they too were created in the Alpine orogeny and are mainly composed of sandstones, shales, and limestones. Due to their coastal location, they have high relative heights. The highest peak is Roman‐Kosh (1545 m above sea level). On the eastern side of the Ukrainian Carpathians, there are vast, undulating upland areas – Podolia and Volhynia, as well as the Dnieper Upland (on the right bank of the Dnieper River). The central part of Ukraine is covered by great lowlands – the Dnieper Lowland (on the left bank of the Dnieper River), and the Black Sea Lowland (along the sea coast). Another lowland is Polesye, which stretches in the north‐western part of Ukraine, along the border with Belarus. On the other hand, in the east of the country, there is the relatively small and low Donets Ridge.

The biggest river in Ukraine is the Dnieper – the fourth longest river of Europe. It flows through the middle of the country from the north to the south, escaping to the Black Sea.

Ukraine has a temperate, warm, continental climate. This climate has the lowest precipitation among other temperate climates, and the greatest annual temperature variations. In practice, this means that summers are generally hot and dry, and winters – cold and dry. In the western part of Ukraine, near the border with Poland, there is a slightly milder type of climate, similar to our transitional climate. However, these are relatively high areas, which means that the climate there remains harsh, especially in winter. The warmest weather is recorded in the south, on the Black Sea coast, where the climate has Mediterranean characteristics.

Ukraine currently has around 45 million inhabitants, slightly more than Poland. However, the population of our eastern neighbors has been steadily decreasing for years – after gaining independence in 1991, Ukraine had more than 52 million inhabitants. This decrease in population is mainly due to the unstable economic situation and poor economic development of the country. Uncertain future discourages young people from starting families and deciding to have children, and often forces them to emigrate. Moreover, on average, Ukrainians live much shorter (68 years) than other Europeans, which results in more deaths. All these factors contribute to a significant negative rate of natural increase and thus a negative actual rate of increase. The net migration rate oscillates around 0.

Ukraine is an agricultural and industrial country. Figuratively speaking, the occurrence of fertile black earths over large areas left no choice but to develop them for growing crops. Large harvests are reaped and sold abroad – Ukraine is presently a significant exporter of wheat, corn, and sunflower. In addition, sugar beets, barley, and other cereals, as well as vegetables and fruit, are grown there. In the south of the country, the climate is the warmest and allows to grow, e.g., grapes, or even citrus fruits. Animal husbandry in Ukraine is also highly developed. Pigs, cattle, and poultry dominate, among which ducks are of high export importance.

The Ukrainian industry has developed on the basis of mineral resources. In the Donetsk region, bituminous coal (in the past also brown coal) is mined, and in the area of Kryvyi Rih – iron ores. Ukraine is one of the world’s leading producers of these two raw materials. In addition, manganese and uranium ores as well as small quantities of crude oil and natural gas are extracted. Ukraine, like Poland, is dependent on supplies of Russian oil and gas. The political situation of Ukraine is complicated.

The war with Russia continues in the east of Ukraine. On March 17, 2014, the authorities of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea unrecognized by Ukraine announced Crimea as an independent state. Then they asked Russia to join it. On the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the recognition of Crimea as a sovereign and independent state. A day later, the new creation became another entity of the Russian Federation.