DOCSLIB.ORG

Living Between Desires and Possibilities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Living Between Desires and Possibilities Living between desires and possibilities [RE] visiting and [RE] envisioning the self-help house in the ‘consolidated’ low-income settlements of Lima, Peru Olga Peek Master of Human Settlements 2012-2013 Promoter: Dr. Viviana d‘Auria Co-promoter: Dr. Michaela Hordijk Local promoter: Arch. Liliana Miranda Sara Reader: Prof. dr. ir. Bruno de Meulder Reader: Prof. Dr. Kelly Shannon Living between desires and possibilities [RE] visiting and [RE] envisioning the self-help house in the ‘consolidated’ low-income settlements of Lima, Peru Olga Peek Master of Human Settlements 2012-2013 Promoter: Dr. Viviana d‘Auria Co-promoter: Dr. Michaela Hordijk Local promoter: Arch. Liliana Miranda Sara Reader: Prof. dr. ir. Bruno de Meulder Reader: Prof. Dr. Kelly Shannon 1 Abstract Keywords: Lima, self-help housing, spontaneous urban development, home space A 60 per cent self-build city1 Lima is characterized by spontaneous urban deve- lopment, in which the user and the constantly growing, transforming and adap- ting homes are shaping the urban environment. Lima’s city making is characte- rized by this inverted planning process from the small to the large scale. The old barriadas changed from rural squatter settlements to urban neighbourhoods and single-family homes transformed into collective, multigenerational or rental homes. Various decades after the formation of the barriadas, it is questionable whether the self-help-housing models promoted by John Turner in the 1960s2, are still fit- ting the current population living in the now ‘consolidated’ barriadas. After the 1980s the characteristics of the population that had to be accommodated in the city shifted from migrants coming from the countryside to second generations that grew up in Lima3. As Peter M. Ward argues, no one had foreseen nor imagi- ned “the second- and third-generational complexities that might evolve”4. Today the city is confronted with a second, third and upcoming fourth generation that are still in need for housing. The self-help housing model has reached its limits and homes are not always able to adapt to changing social structures and characteristics of the extended families. It can be assumed that there are more factors involved than Turner initially showed. Furthermore the spontaneous process of city making, initiated by individual actions of home transformation has its constraints in shaping a qualitative urban environment. The presented thesis will reflect on the issues of spontaneous city making in Lima that starts off at the home space, using an empirical study based upon on-site fieldwork carried out in the neighbourho- od Pampas de San Juan, a low-income settlement in the southern periphery of Lima. 1 SÁEZ GIRALDEZ, Elia; GARCÍA CALDERÓN, José; ROCH PEÑA, Fernando, “La ciudad desde la casa: ciudades espontáneas en Lima”, in: Revista INVI, 2010: p. 79. 2 TURNER, John F. C., “The Squatter Settlement: An architecture that works”, in:Architectural Design, Architecture of Democracy, August 1968, pp. 355-360. 3 See article: DRIANT, Jean-Claude; GREY, Carlos, “Acceso a la vivienda para la segunda generación de las barriadas de Lima”, in: Boletín del Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 1988 (17) 1, pp. 19-36 4 See article: ARD,W Peter M., “Self-help housing policies for second generation inheritance and succession of The House that Mum & Dad Built.”, In: Habitat International, 2011 (35) 3, pp. 467–485. 2 3 Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been contributory in the successful completion of this project. I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my promoter Viviana d’Auria and co-promoter Michaela Hordijk for their useful comments, remarks and enga- gement through the learning process of this master thesis. I can’t say thank you enough for their tremendous support and help. I always felt very motivated and encouraged every time we met. Furthermore I would like to express my gratitude to my local promoter Liliana Miranda for her guidance during my stay in the field, her engagement and for introducing me to current realities of low-income settlements in Lima. Without her input I would never have been able to get insight into the local context as I did now. This thesis moreover would not have been materialized without the help and participation of the families of Pampas de San Juan. I am very grateful to all of them for their openness, warm-heartedness and willingness to share their, very personal, life stories and for participating in the documentations of their home space. I am especially grateful to Nora Jesusi and her family for accommodating me in Pampas during the six weeks of intensive fieldwork and ensuring my personal sa- fety. A special thanks goes to the children and grandchildren of Nora for making my stay pleasant and joyful, making me feel at home in Pampas. Nora moreover was a key informant in the field and deeply committed to my studies. My sincere gratitude goes to her for al her time, help and support. I also would like to thank Roberto, who lives in Pampas and works for the local municipality, for showing me other parts in the three ‘cones’ of Lima, and his view on the current situation in Pampas de San Juan. Furthermore I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of Juan Tokeshi, who is deeply committed to the topic and with whom I had the pleasure to meet and discuss my findings with, also in our continues email sessions after I left Lima. Another special thanks goes to Peter M. Ward, meeting him was very encoura- ging and inspiring to continue my work. I am very grateful to all my dear friends and family, for always encouraging me and giving me confidence, and for all their love and support on the way. My studies of the Advanced Master program of Human Settlements at KU Leuven moreover would not have been possible with the financial support of the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds, Stichting de Fundatie van de Vrijvrouwe van Renswoude and Stichting dr Hendrik Muller’s Vaderlandsch Fonds. 4 Chapter 1 - Introduction and Methodology 5 Table of Contents 1968-1980: The fundamental reforms under military rule 44 The reproduction of the barriada 45 01 [Re] visiting Pampas de San Juan 1980-1990: The barriada in the ‘completing’ stage 45 Land access after the 1980s 46 Problem Statement 14 Three generations of barriadas 46 Aims of the research 15 1990-present: A third generation growing up 50 Thesis structure 15 Research Questions 16 PART V - Conclusions 52 Conceptual Framework 17 Hypotheses 18 03 A journey from the house to the city and back Research Methodologies 19 PART I - A journey from the house to the city and back 58 60 years of self-help housing practice in Lima 58 The house and the family in a changing setting of 02 The history of Pampas de San Juan 64 modernization and democratization in Lima Terminology 66 PART I - Self-help housing: the debate and the practice 30 PART II - The house along the street: types and trends in home space 68 1 - The visionary house - Sra. Nora 70 PART II – Theories on self-help housing 32 2 - The courageous house - Sr. Aleman 76 Who decides? 32 3 - The steady house - Sra. Sandra 82 The three stages of housing 33 4 - The faltering house - Brenda 88 Accessing the housing market 33 5 - The expeditious house - Sra. Vacilia 94 PART III - The self-help housing debate 34 6. The modest house - Sra. Cristina 102 Defining the concept 34 7 - The amiable house - Sra. Julia 108 The emergence of self-help housing 35 8 - The progressive house - Sra. Justina 114 The conceptual shift and need for housing 36 9 - The garden house - Sra. Cita 120 Critiques on self-help housing 36 10 -The ambitious house - Sra. Rufina 126 Empirically grounded reflections on Turner’s theory 38 PART III - From the house to the city via the street 132 PART IV - Self-help housing in practice: the case of Lima, Peru 39 Spontaneous city making 134 The development and consolidation of the classical barriadas 41 The straw house as a ‘strategy for city making’ 135 1940-1954: From bridgeheader to consolidator 41 From the house to the street 136 1954-1968: The barriada in the ‘developing’ stage xx 6 Chapter 1 - Introduction and Methodology 7 Changing social realities 137 Conclusions 139 PART IV - Living between desires and possibilities 144 Family size, changing household compositions and home consolidation 146 Financial resources and home investments 152 Tenurial conditions 158 Future aspirations and social consumptions norms 159 04 The ‘second life’ of the consolidated self-help settlement PART I - The consolidated self-help settlement 164 The paradigm shift 165 PART II - [Re] visiting the self-help house 168 ‘Que vivienda han construido?’ 168 Reflections on ‘the house that mum and dad built’ 174 ‘Other realities’ 178 A local perspective 182 The gap between desire and possibility 186 PART III - [Re] envisioning the self-help house 188 Conclusions 189 Appendices Construye para crecer más arriba - Construye para crecer, Housing Competition Ministerio de Vivienda Peru Bibliography 8 9 [01] [Re] visiting Pampas de San Juan 10 11 © By Author, 2013 Author, © By John Turner’s three stages model of barriada development, The Squatter Settlement: An architecture that works, 1968 12 13 [ RE ] Visiting Pampas de San Juan acteristic in the process of becoming a city)4, hypotheses. Chapter 2 describes the theoreti- highly influence the spontaneous process of cal and historical background that will lay the shaping the environment and not always re- foundation of the empirical study presented sult in a qualitative urban neighbourhood. This in Chapter 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Informal Settlements and Squatting in Romania: Socio-Spatial Patterns and Typologies
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography 7.2 (2013) 65–75. ISSN-print: 1843–6587/$–see back cover; ISSN-online: 2067–2284–open access www.humangeographies.org.ro (c) Human Geographies —Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography (c) The author INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AND SQUATTING IN ROMANIA: SOCIO-SPATIAL PATTERNS AND TYPOLOGIES Bogdan Suditua*, Daniel-Gabriel Vâlceanub a Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Romania b National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urbanism and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC, Bucharest, Romania Abstract: The emergence of informal settlements in Romania is the result of a mix of factors, including some social and urban planning policies from the communist and post-communist period. Squatting was initially a secondary effect of the relocation process and demolition of housing in communist urban renewal projects, and also a voluntary social and hous- ing policy for the poorest of the same period. Extension and multiple forms of informal settlements and squatting were performed in the post-communist era due to the inappropriate or absence of the legislative tools on urban planning, prop- erties' restitution and management, weak control of the construction sector. The study analyzes the characteristics and spatial typologies of the informal settlements and squatters in relationship with the political and social framework of these types of housing development. Key words: Informal settlements, Squatting, Forced sedentarization, Illegal building, Urban planning regulation. Article Info: Manuscript Received: October 5, 2013; Revised: October 20, 2013; Accepted: November 11, 2013; Online: November 20, 2013. Context child mortality rates and precarious urban conditions (UN-HABITAT, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Chileshe, Mutale
    Economic shocks, poverty and household food insecurity in urban Zambia: an ethnographic account of Chingola Mutale Chileshe CHLMUT001 Town Cape of Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental and Geographical UniversityScience University of Cape Town September 2014 Supervisor: Dr. Jane Battersby-Lennard The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. Univeristy of Cape Town DECLARATION I, Mutale Chileshe, hereby declare that the work on which this thesis is based is my original work (except where acknowledgements indicate otherwise) and that neither the whole work nor any part of it has been, is being, or is to be submitted for another degree in this or any other university. I authorise the University to reproduce for the purpose of research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever. Signed: ___________________________ Date: 18/09/2014 ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband, Kelvin Chola Chibangula, for his unwavering encouragement, patience, and support of every kind. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this doctoral dissertation was possible with the support of several people. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr Jane Battersby for her patient, highly critical and equally encouraging supervisory role. Her dedication to my work is very much appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebel Cities: from the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution
    REBEL CITIES REBEL CITIES From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution David Harvey VERSO London • New York First published by Verso 20 12 © David Harvey All rights reserved 'Ihe moral rights of the author have been asserted 13579108642 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London WI F OEG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 1120 I www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books eiSBN-13: 978-1-84467-904-1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harvey, David, 1935- Rebel cities : from the right to the city to the urban revolution I David Harvey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84467-882-2 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-84467-904-1 I. Anti-globalization movement--Case studies. 2. Social justice--Case studies. 3. Capitalism--Case studies. I. Title. HN17.5.H355 2012 303.3'72--dc23 2011047924 Typeset in Minion by MJ Gavan, Cornwall Printed in the US by Maple Vail For Delfina and all other graduating students everywhere Contents Preface: Henri Lefebvre's Vision ix Section 1: The Right to the City The Right to the City 3 2 The Urban Roots of Capitalist Crises 27 3 The Creation of the Urban Commons 67 4 The Art of Rent 89 Section II: Rebel Cities 5 Reclaiming the City for Anti-Capitalist Struggle 115 6 London 201 1: Feral Capitalism Hits the Streets 155 7 #OWS: The Party of Wall Street Meets Its Nemesis 159 Acknowledgments 165 Notes 167 Index 181 PREFACE Henri Lefebvre's Vision ometime in the mid 1970s in Paris I came across a poster put out by S the Ecologistes, a radical neighborhood action movement dedicated to creating a more ecologically sensitive mode of city living, depicting an alternative vision for the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Using-Space-Seven.Pdf
    USING SPACe using space seven august 2o12 MASS SQUATTING ACTION – OCT 13th [squatters network of brighton] Persons Unit who were willing to take the risk and join the fight and become WHATEVER THEY SAY, SQUATTING WILL STAY! residents. A three pronged legal, media and physical approach would be employed – challenging the council not only very publically, but directly, by taking the hous - ing first and asking questions later. By the time the project fizzled out we actually We will resist the squatting ban by any means necessary. had 2 potential residents and roughly 10 live-in activists, a fully researched build - ing in our sights, the support of a local legal centre and no less than 3 people The Squatter’s Network of Brighton is calling for a Mass Squatting wanting to make a documentary about it all. But fizzle out it did; a wave of Action on October 13th to resist the new anti-squatting laws. This Possession Orders in early September threw most of us into looking after our own act is draconian, unworkable, an attack on our way of living and housing needs first, and many of the activists have now moved out of the borough. some of the most vulnerable in our society. We will not take it lying down. About this time I started looking into making a Housing Allowance claim, finding myself unemployed again. In short, I was eventually told by an advisor in the Around the UK, while increasing numbers are forced to sleep on HPU that squatting was probably my best option! Housing benefit varied each month, but for my age range it would be about £110 a week: in 3 weeks of looking the streets, hundreds of thousands of properties are lying empty, we never found anything that price in the borough – because landlords that ac - decaying and derelict.
    [Show full text]
  • Deadly Secrets
    DEADLY SECRETS A REPORT BY INTERNATIONAL LABOR RIGHTS FORUM BUILDING A JUST WORLD FOR WORKERS DEADLY SECRETS WHAT COMPANIES KNOW ABOUT DANGEROUS WORKPLACES AND WHY EXPOSING THE TRUTH CAN SAVE WORKERS’ LIVES IN BANGLADESH AND BEYOND Author: Björn Claeson December 2012 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgements relating to the Bangladeshi garment industry. Editing and proofreading: Judy Gearhart with Liana Foxvog, Laura Gutierrez, and Dan Smith Corporate social responsibility staff of several companies Interview with Lovely: Trina Tocco that appear in this report critiqued an earlier version. We Research on factory fires: Robert J.S. Ross with Hanna hope that their comments have helped us better explain Claeson and Shannon Flowers our arguments for ending the deadly secrets in the Layout and design: Haley Wrinkle with Hanna Claeson industry. We wish to thank the National Garment Workers The International Labor Rights Forum (ILRF) is an advocacy Federation in Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Center organization based in Washington, DC. ILRF is dedicated for Worker Solidarity for their research and reports on to achieving just and humane treatment for workers Bangladeshi garment workers’ wages, social security, worldwide and serves a unique role among human rights housing, and living conditions. The development of the organizations as advocates for and with working poor core ideas for this report has benefitted from our frequent people around the world. We believe that all workers critical conversations with colleagues at the Clean Clothes have the right to a safe working environment where they Campaign, the IndustriALL Global Union, the Maquila are treated with dignity and respect, and where they can Solidarity Network, and the Worker Rights Consortium.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies to Combat Homelessness
    Strategies to combat homelessness United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) Nairobi, 2000 This publication has been reproduced without formal editing by the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the United Nations, and a failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Excerpts from the text may be reproduced without authorisation, on condition that the source is indicated. Cover design: Amrik Kalsi, UNCHS (Habitat), Nairobi Cover photos credits: UNCHS (Habitat), UNICEF and Mark Edwards Printing: UNON Printshop, Nairobi United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) Nairobi, 2000 HS / 599 / 00 E ISBN 92-1-131458-5 An electronic version of this publication is available for download from the UNCHS (Habitat) web-site by August 2000. The electronic version — in compiled HTML format, allowing complex text searches — requires Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows 95 plus Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 4 or later). United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) publications can be obtained from UNCHS (Habitat)’s Regional Offices or directly from: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), Publications Unit, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya Fax: 254-2-604060 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.unchs.org Preface Within the next few years, and for the first time in human history, more people will live in cities and towns than in rural areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Housing the Urban Poor in Bangladesh: a Study of Housing Conditions, Policies and Organisations
    Housing the Urban Poor in Bangladesh: A Study of Housing Conditions, Policies and Organisations MD. ASHIQ-UR-RAHMAN MSc. Urban Development Planning, University College London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Heriot-Watt University School of the Built Environment October 2012 The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. i ABSTRACT The rapid urbanisation process in developing countries has heightened the crisis of employment, shelter provision and urban services. The increased number of urban population and lack of institutional capacity is causing urban poverty, which has two- way cause-effect relationship with inadequate housing and service provision. In Bangladesh almost 30% of the urban population is living in slums and squatters. To address the housing issues of the urban poor, different programmes and policies have been designed and implemented internationally based on different macro-economic development approaches. The main development approaches are Modernisation, Keynesian, Basic Needs, Neo-liberal and Collaborative, which have been translated in different housing approaches like Conventional Housing, Public and Self-help Housing, Aided Self-help Housing, Enabling Mechanism and Community-led Housing. Thus the development approaches reframes the housing policies of a country and restructures the housing provision through different organisational arrangements to change the housing conditions of the urban poor. This study therefore examine the impact of development approaches for housing the urban poor in Bangladesh by analysing the housing conditions, policies and organisations drawing on the international theories, policies and practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Tenure and Vulnerability: the Effects of Changes to Tenure Security on the Identity and Social Relationships of the Urban Poor
    TENURE AND VULNERABILITY: THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES TO TENURE SECURITY ON THE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE URBAN POOR BY KAMNA PATEL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM OCTOBER 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Directed by the Millennium Development Goal to improve the lives of at least 100 million ‘slum’ dwellers by 2020, national governments and development agencies are driving policy to upgrade and formalise informal settlements. This study is an investigation into the effects of in situ upgrade and formalisation on the vulnerability and resilience of the urban poor in Durban, South Africa. The study examines the relationships between tenure and vulnerability by identifying and exploring how changes to tenure security, introduced through the upgrade process, affect individuals’ exposure to risk and ability to cope, and the ways in which identity and social relations influence those effects. The data are drawn from twenty-four ethnographies of residents living in three low income settlements in/around Durban each at different stages in the upgrade process.
    [Show full text]
  • And Adjustment Among Riverbank Displacees in an Llrban Environment: a Case Study of Squatters in Bangladesh
    Patterns and Predictors of Psychological Coping and Adjustment among Riverbank Displacees in an Llrban Environment: A Case Study of Squatters in Bangladesh By David Hutton A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Faculty of Graduate Studies University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Bibliothèque nationale l*l ffa¿lonatt-iurarv du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wêllington Street 395, rue Wellingrton OttawaON K1A0N4 Otùau¡a ON KrA 0N4 Caneda Canada You ñla Volre ¡élétooæ Out ñl€ l,loùs ¡ólátw The authorhas granted anon- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electroDic formats. la forme de microfiche/fiI¡n, de reproduction surpapier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auter¡r coru¡erve la propriété du copynÉt inthis thesis. Neither the droit d'auter¡¡ qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial exfracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othen4¡ise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reprod¡i15 sans sorr permission. autorisation. 0-612-76734-5 Canad'ä THE LINTVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACTILTY OF GRADUATE STT]DIES
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Characteristics and Environmental Problems Posed by Squatter Settlements and Possible Solutions in Egypt: an Integrated Framework
    SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS POSED BY SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS IN EGYPT: AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK BY AHMED EIWEIDA THESIS SUBMITTED FOR DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW I JANUARY, 1997 © AHMED EIWEIDA, 1997 ProQuest Number: 13815495 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13815495 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 (0$fo GLASGC UNIVERSiT/ LIBPAR'.f ABSTRACT Socio-economic characteristics and environmental problems posed by squatter settlements and possible solutions in Egypt: An integrated framework. The objective of this thesis is to assess the mechanisms involved in efficient and successful upgrading of slum and squatter settlements in Egypt. After examining the general origins of these areas, the socio-economic characteristics, the articulations of land supply, the governmental attitudes and responses, it focuses on the concept of ‘self-help’ which directs the formation and upgrading of these areas. The in-depth analysis examines and addresses two points. The first concerns the major domestic factors which influence this problem in Egypt- namely, the quality of political and economic climate; the equity of developmental policies; the applicability of urban planning and housing standards and the efficiency of the institutions concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Poverty and Adaptations of the Poor to Urban Life in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
    Urban poverty and adaptations of the poor to urban life in Dhaka City, Bangladesh Md. Shahadat Hossain BSS (Hons.), MSS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2006 DEDICATION To the poor people living in Dhaka slums who have honoured this study through their participation ABSTRACT This thesis explores urban poverty and the adaptations of the urban poor in the slums of the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It seeks to make a contribution to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid mass urbanisation in the Third World and its social consequences, the formation of huge urban slums and new forms of urban poverty. Its focus is the analysis of poverty which has been overwhelmingly dominated by economic approaches to the neglect of the social questions arising from poverty. This thesis approaches these social questions through an ‘urban livelihood framework’, arguing that this provides a more comprehensive framework to conceptualise poverty through its inclusion of both material and non-material dimensions. The study is based on primary data collected from slums in Dhaka City. Five hundred poor households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire to investigate the economic activities, expenditure and consumption, access to housing and land, family and social networking and cultural and political integration. The survey data was supplemented by qualitative data collected through fifteen in-depth interviews with poor households. The thesis found that poverty in the slums of Dhaka City was most strongly influenced by recent migration from rural areas, household organisation, participation in the ‘informal’ sector of the economy and access to housing and land.
    [Show full text]
  • Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles Edited by the Squatting Europe Kollective
    Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles Edited by the Squatting Europe Kollective <.:.Min0r.:.> .c0mp0siti0ns. Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles Edited by the Squatting Europe Kollective ISBN 978-1-57027-257-8 Cover design by Haduhi Szukis Interior design by Margaret Killjoy Editorial Support: Joshua Eichen, VyVy, Miguel A. Martínez, Hans Pruijt, and Stevphen Shukaitis Cover Image: CSO Los Blokes Fantasma from the district Gracia in Barcelona Inside cover image: Tina Helen Released by Minor Compositions 2013 Wivenhoe / New York / Port Watson Minor Compositions is a series of interventions & provocations drawing from autonomous politics, avant-garde aesthetics, and the revolutions of everyday life. Minor Compositions is an imprint of Autonomedia www.minorcompositions.info | [email protected] Distributed by Autonomedia PO Box 568 Williamsburgh Station Brooklyn, NY 11211 www.autonomedia.org [email protected] Contents Preface . 1 Margit Mayer Introduction . 11 . Miguel Martínez, Gianni Piazza and Hans Pruijt Squatting in Europe . .17 . Hans Pruijt Resisting and Challenging Neoliberalism: . 61. Pierpaolo Mudu How do activists make decisions within Social Centres? . 89. Gianni Piazza The Squatters’ Movement in Spain . 113. Miguel A. Martínez López Urban squatting, rural squatting and the ecological-economic perspective . 139 Claudio Cattaneo Squatting And Urban Renewal . 161 Andrej Holm and Armin Kuhn Have squat, will travel . 185 Lynn Owens Configurations of squats in Paris and the Ile-de-France Region . 209 Thomas Aguilera What is a “good” squatter? . 231 . Florence Bouillon Moving towards criminalisation and then what? . .247 ETC Dee About the Authors . 269. About the Squatting Europe Kollective . 273. Preface Margit Mayer Thanks to the Occupy movement, the call to squat is once again raised more widely and acted upon with increasing frequency.
    [Show full text]