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Home , Acquaviva (San Marino), Borgo Maggiore, Captains Regent, Chiesanuova, City of San Marino, Congress of State

SAN MARINO’S IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW /2021

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR GOAL 4 ⁄ GOAL 7 ⁄ 104 Businesses THE 2021 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL QUALITY EDUCATION AFFORDABLE REVIEW / AND CLEAN ENERGY 105 Investments TABLE OF CONTENTS 52 Inclusive learning for development environments 84 Legislation and planning 107 Infrastructures 8 Message of Their 53 School cycle the 85 Zero-emission target Captains 108 State Office 55 Vocational for Patents and Training Centre 86 Management and Trademarks 10 Main message by monitoring Minister Stefano 56 New knowledge for 108 San Marino Canti for the VNR San Marino schools 86 Ongoing initiatives (Agenda 2030) Innovation 57 Training and GOAL 8 ⁄ 110 Road Infrastructure 16 The Road to refresher courses San Marino VNR DECENT WORK Research Centre for Teachers in AND ECONOMIC San Marino schools GOAL 1 ⁄ GROWTH 111 Projects NO POVERTY GOAL 5 ⁄ 91 GDP GOAL 10 ⁄ 20 Welfare and GENDER EQUALITY REDUCED INEQUALITIES employment 93 Employment 66 Violence 116 Achieving and 21 Education against women 95 sustaining growth in per capita income 22 Social and 67 Equal opportunities 95 Accidents at work health system 117 Strengthening and 67 Training 97 San Marino's targets promoting social, GOAL 2 ⁄ and challenges to economic and ZERO HUNGER GOAL 6 ⁄ achieve them political inclusion CLEAN WATER 28 Crops AND SANITATION 97 Measures taken 118 Ensuring equal and breeding opportunities and 72 Access to safe 98 San Marino 2030 reducing inequalities 31 Organic farming drinking water and of outcome adequate sanitation 98 Projects 31 Multifunctional 119 Progressively 74 Water quality GOAL 9 ⁄ achieving greater INDUSTRY, INNOVATION equality through 32 Management 75 Aquatic AND INFRASTRUCTURE tax, wage and social and monitoring environments protection policies suitable for fish life 102 Macroeconomic 32 Ongoing initiatives scenario 120 Global financial 76 Water use efficiency markets and GOAL 3 ⁄ and sustainable 102 Economic sectors institutions GOOD HEALTH abstraction and AND WEEL BEING supply 103 Import – Export 120 Migration and mobility of people 38 Mothers and children 76 Integrated water resources 129 Instruments for 39 Health and prevention management implementing SDG 10 43 COVID-19 GOAL 11 ⁄ GOAL 13 ⁄ GOAL 17 ⁄ SUSTAINABLE ACTION PARTNERSHIPS AND COMMUNITIES FOR THE GOALS 156 Climate change 134 Critical issues in San Marino 192 San Marino’s in the territory Foreign Policy 158 Legislation 134 General Town and planning 192 International Planning Scheme solidarity 160 Management 135 Accessibility and monitoring 195 Telecommunications and elimination of architectural 162 Ongoing 196 Statistical data barriers initiatives ANNEX 136 Safety and GOAL 15 ⁄ – SUSTAINABLE prevention of LIFE AND LAND TOURISM hydrogeological risk 168 Geographical 202 The mission of the and geological Strategic Plan for 136 Safety and conformation Sustainable Tourism prevention of seismic 168 Heterogeneous 203 Art and Culture: risk environments the role of cultural heritage in achieving 136 UNESCO 171 Legislation sustainable Heritage and planning development in San Marino and the 139 Safety 174 Management enhancement of management and monitoring uniqueness/identity

141 Ongoing 175 Ongoing 204 Strategy and initiatives initiatives network: Sustainable Tourism Development GOAL 12 ⁄ GOAL 16 ⁄ Project RESPONSIBLE PEACE, JUSTICE AND CONSUMPTION STRONG INSTITUTIONS 209 Objectives of the AND PRODUCTION Project 182 Combating violence 147 Stop plastic! against women and 211 The Territory gender violence involved Food loss 184 147 and waste Effective and 212 Conclusions accessible justice 148 Waste as 184 a resource No to weapons! 185 Effective and transparent administration We live in a time of unprecedented challenges. The need for cooperation and solidarity between nations to address the difficulties affecting all of us is more tangible than ever before. Issues such climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic MESSAGE and migration have made this even more evident. These are epoch-making challenges that know no frontiers and no can face them alone. OF THEIR In recent years, some of the inhabitants of our planet have experienced an unprecedented period of peace, prosperity and technological progress, which has enabled significant groups of women and men to free themselves from the EXCELLENCIES terrible evils that have plagued their lives for too many years, such as hunger, poverty and inequality Nevertheless, we must leave no one behind. THE CAPTAINS Many people still suffer from discriminations on the basis of their identity, the most vulnerable and marginalized groups of our society are still affected by violence, lot of people still face enormous economic difficulties. These facts REGENT are a call to increase our individual and common efforts. The 2030 Agenda represents the hope for the entire family of nations living on this planet to find synergies and solutions to achieve a more prosperous future for all, especially for those whose expectations and needs have been neglected for far too long. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030 help us to imagine and reach a shared target of economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection.

The of San Marino strongly believes in the principles enshrined in the 2030 Agenda and in the opportunity we have to improve living conditions at home and globally through it. Therefore, we are pleased to present the Republic of San Marino’s first Voluntary National Review. This work represents a tool to help us better understand our achievements and the goals that our Country still wants and needs to achieve in the remaining years to 2030.

This report also testifies to the concrete commitment of the institutions and citizens of the Republic of San Marino to promote multilateralism and protect the principles that inspired the birth of the Organization. We congratulate and thank the UN institutions for their tireless work in affirming, promoting and protecting these principles and for their continuous efforts to make such principles a daily reality for all people.

With this report, finally, the Republic of San Marino wants to renew its commitment to a better, fairer and more sustainable world, not only for the benefit of its citizens today but also for future generations, in our Country and everywhere else.

The Gian Carlo Venturini – Marco Nicolini

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 8 — 9 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW constructive debate on the issues of the 2030 Agenda, demonstrating that San Marino population is extremely sensitive to environmental, social and economic MESSAGE issues, as well as to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this document, the Republic of San Marino has analysed all the goals, with BY MINISTER the exception of Goal 14 on the sustainable use and conservation of the seas and marine resources. The document is divided into 17 sections and addresses 16 of the Agenda's goals, with the exception of the one devoted to the seas, with the addition of a whole final chapter dedicated to "Sustainable Tourism", OF TERRITORY, which was considered by the rapporteurs to be the feature most related to San Marino’s identity. ENVIRONMENT The Review is a snapshot of the current state of our Republic, with up-to-date data and trends related to the development of the territory over the last 10 years. The document illustrates two characteristic features of San Marino society, namely a free healthcare system for all citizens and an average poverty AND AGRICULTURE rate among the lowest in the world. I will not hide the fact that the drafting of this Review has highlighted the difficulties, for a State with a small administration like San Marino, related to STEFANO CANTI the exhaustive collection of statistical data in compliance with the UN models and guidelines. This is the main reason why we have preferred to include the available data in the chapters dedicated to each goal. However, following the work done to prepare the Review, we have initiated an internal discussion and debate on how to organise and provide for an accurate and continuous With great satisfaction, I am pleased to present San Marino’s first Voluntary data collection system, which would make them more easily available to the National Review on the Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Institutions. illustrated on 13 2021 at the United Nations High Level Political Forum The work has certainly not ended and must necessarily continue. Indeed, for (HLPF). The HLPF meeting held from 6 to 15 July 2021, under the aegis of the each goal, in addition to highlighting two positive aspects, i.e. strengths, two Economic and Social Council, provided an opportunity to exchange views, weaknesses were identified, i.e. situations that need to be addressed and solved update and review the strategies implemented by States to achieve the 17 goals in order to achieve high quality standards. In this regard, the next objective will of the 2030 Agenda. be to identify future strategies and projects for the achievement of the Goals Our first Voluntary National Review is a tool to foster understanding of our of the UN 2030 Agenda with the participation of all employers' associations, successes and the goals that our country wants and needs to achieve in the trade unions and civil society, in order to draw up the "Plan of interventions remaining years to 2030. to achieve the sustainable development goals", with particular reference to interventions aimed at combating and adapting to climate change. This will be San Marino is a small country in terms of territorial extension, but it is the oldest the real challenge of the near future, which will involve all of us. constitutional Republic in the world and represents an important stage in the development of democratic models in and worldwide. I would like to express my most sincere thanks to all those who have collaborated and to all the members of the Working Group for Sustainable Development for San Marino and Mount Titano are an exceptional testimony of the establishment making this first important achievement possible. of a based on civic autonomy and self-governance and an exceptional testimony of a living cultural tradition that has lasted for one I conclude this introductory message with a beautiful sentence by Francis: thousand seven hundred and twenty years. “Cultivating and caring for creation is an instruction of God which he gave not only at the beginning of history, but has also given to each one of us; it is part of The VNR was drafted and shared within the Working Group for Sustainable his plan; it means making the world increase with responsibility, transforming it Development, which I have the honour of coordinating in my capacity as so that it may be a garden, an inhabitable place for us all.”. Minister of Territory, Environment and Agriculture, thanks to the support of all the Directors of Public Administration Departments and the contributions of civil society through Associations and Organisations operating on the Stefano Canti territory, including the Friday For Future Movement. The latter has stimulated a Minister of Territory, Environment and Agriculture

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 10 — 11 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO AT A GLANCE highly educated workforce of 22,559 people, including 19,763 employees (of San Marino is one of the world’s oldest and the “only surviving - whom 3,758 are employed in the Public Sector), around 1,621 self-employed State, representing an important stage in the development of democratic and 1,172 unemployed. In addition, there are 6,020 cross-border workers who models in Europe and worldwide” (Statement of Outstanding Universal Value reside outside the borders but work permanently in San Marino companies. adopted by the UNESCO on 7 July 2008). “San Traditionally, the people of San Marino cherish the promotion of peaceful Marino and Mount Titano are an exceptional testimony of the establishment dialogue among peoples and the protection of human rights. These principles of a representative democracy based on civic autonomy and self-governance, are reflected in foreign policy through the so-called “active” neutrality and the with a unique uninterrupted continuity as the capital of a Republic which promotion of human rights, with a focus on inter-religious dialogue and the has always been independent since the thirteenth century. San Marino is an abolition of the death penalty. exceptional testimony of a living cultural tradition that has lasted for seven hundred years”. Under Article 1 of the Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights and Fundamental Principles of San Marino Constitutional Order, generally recognized rules of The Republic of San Marino is a State characterized by peculiar institutions. international law are an integral part of San Marino legal system. The Republic The Captains Regent are the Heads of State. They are two and they jointly is therefore committed to aligning its acts and conduct with such rules. It is exercise power. They remain in office six months. The investiture of the also committed to recognizing the provisions set forth in the international Captains Regent takes place on 1 April and on 1 October of each year. The declarations on human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as to legislative power is exercised by the Great and General Council (Parliament), adhering, in its international policy, to the principles enshrined in the Charter composed of 60 members elected by universal suffrage every five years. The of the United Nations. (Government) is the body, which is composed of the Ministers elected by the Great and General Council. SAN MARINO’S FIRST VNR This Voluntary National Review (VNR) is the first edition submitted by San The Republic of San Marino has a territorial extension of 61.19 square Marino. Its drafting, which began in 2017, has been coordinated by San Marino kilometers. It is located in the middle of the European continent and of the Public Administration and has drawn on the support and contributions of all Mediterranean region, in the Centre-North of . It has no outlet to the sea, Departments of the Administration, in addition to the civil society through although it is only about 10 km from the Adriatic coast. The territory Non-Governmental Associations and Organizations present in the territory. is surrounded by the Italian regions Emilia and . The latter, especially in the last few months before publication, have stimulated a constructive debate on the topics covered by the 2030 Agenda, The State capital is the . Italian is its official language and demonstrating that San Marino population is extremely sensitive to the its currency. Mount Titano, on whose peaks the three typical towers rise, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). is 750 m a.s.l. The contributions to each Goal of the 2030 Agenda, with the exception The climate is temperate, with snowfall in the winter season, mostly in the of Goal 14 on the sustainable use and conservation of the seas and marine upper part of the territory, above 500-600 m. resources, have been drafted by the Departments responsible for each matter, As of 2021, its resident population amounts to 33,600 inhabitants, of whom with the fundamental assistance of the IT, Technology, Data and Statistics 5,510 are foreigners. Approximately 13,370 San Marino citizens reside abroad, Office as the main repository of data on San Marino. in all the world’s continents, but mainly in Italy, the , and Argentina. Since 2020, the VNR has been edited by an “editor-in-chief” external to the Public Administration and responsible for collecting the various contributions San Marino is not a member country of the . However, made by the Departments, as well as for harmonizing them in a consolidated negotiations for an association agreement with the EU started in 2015. San text that should be as homogeneous and complete as possible. Marino has been a member of the UN since 1992, of the since 1988 and, before that, of the Organization for Security and Cooperation The drafting of this VNR has highlighted the difficulties for a State with in Europe since 1973 (at that time it was called Conference for Security and a small administration such as San Marino to be able to benefit from an Cooperation in Europe - CSCE). It has diplomatic relations with 145 . exhaustive collection of statistical data in compliance with the UN models and The country has a diversified economy based on small and medium enterprises guidelines. This is the main reason why, unlike other countries, San Marino has covering the industrial sector, banking and financial services, trade, tourism, not included a statistical annex in this VNR but has preferred to include the agriculture and handicraft. As of 2021, in San Marino there are around available data in the chapters dedicated to each SDG. 5,000 economic operators in various sectors, 2,675 companies, a medium to Nevertheless, this first review is full of detailed information and analyses

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 12 — 13 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW that will help the reader, both from San Marino and from abroad, to better understand the country’s situation, its strengths and current challenges.

The process leading to the publication of this first VNR has been necessarily influenced by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, on which the attention and activities of the Government and the Administration have inevitably been focused. Some chapters cover the effects of the pandemic on these subject areas.

Those who have contributed to the drafting of this review have demonstrated, right from the beginning, their intention to illustrate the state of the art of San Marino with respect to the 2030 Agenda targets, as a sort of snapshot of the current situation and a basis to outline the national strategies for sustainable development.

Thanks to this work, the foundations have been laid for a shared process towards sustainable development, which, through economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection, leaves no one behind.

The final part of this VNR is dedicated to Sustainable Tourism. The tourism sector represents a key component of San Marino economy. From 2020, with the outbreak of the pandemic, the tourism sector has been among those most affected in San Marino. The crisis has accelerated efforts to reshape this sector, with sustainability at the center of its policies.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 14 — 15 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW OCT 2017 / JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN SEP 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021

THE ROAD PRELIMINARI STEPS

DEPARTMENTS WORK ON SDGs TO SAN MARINO IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT REQUEST FOR CANDIDACY TO PRESENT VNR VNR REQUEST FOR VNR SUBMISSION ACCEPTED

COORDINATOR FOR VNR REDACTION APPOINTED

REVIEW, STANDARDISATION, DISCUSSION OF VNR DRAFT 10 October The Congress of State are requested to prepare a report 2017 (Government) appoints the on the state of implementation CONFRONTATION WITH Intersectoral Working Group to of each of the 17 SDGs in San STAKEHOLDERS achieve the goals of the Marino FINISHING WORK, GRAPHIC, UN 2030 Agenda. The Group IMAGE,LAYOUT is composed of all the Public 23 July Meeting of the Working Group Administration Departments 2020 for Sustainable Development REDACTION OF MAIN MESSAGES that have been assigned with civil society, professional responsibility for the Agenda’s associations, parliamentary PREPARATION OF VISUAL MATERIALS FOR THE VNR various goals representatives and the various PRESENTATION and targets stakeholders VNR SUBMISSION

13 November The Working Group decides 14 October The formal request to submit 2017 to work on the development 2020 San Marino’s VNR to 2021 of San Marino’s first VNR is made

29 April Decision adopted by the Great 14 December The Congress of State appoints 2020 and General Council (Parliament) 2020 an editor-in-chief for the VNR to commit the Congress of State to establish a Working Group 24 Meeting of the Working Group for Sustainable Development 2021 for Sustainable Development with reference to interventions with civil society, professional to combat climate change and associations, parliamentary adapt thereto representatives and the various stakeholders 5 May The Congress of State launches 2020 the Working Group for Until April Revision and integration Sustainable Development with 2021 of the draft VNR the aim of drawing up a “Plan of interventions to achieve the 3 May Transmission of the Captains Sustainable Development Goals 2021 Regent’s Message introducing (SDGs)” of the 2030 Agenda San Marino’s VNR

25 June During the meeting of the May Translation and 2020 Working Group for Sustainable 2020 graphics editing Development, the Public Administration Departments June Transmission to the UN 2020

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 THE ROAD TO SAN MARINO VNR 16 — 17 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 1

↗ THERE ARE NO EXTREME FORMS OF POVERTY IN SAN MARINO. INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES AT RISK OF RELATIVE POVERTY CAN RELY ON A HIGHLY INCLUSIVE SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM (EDUCATION, PARTICULARLY AS A ↘ HEALTH CARE, PENSIONS AND CONSEQUENCE OF THE GLOBAL UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, ETC.). PANDEMIC, INSTITUTIONAL CONCERN ABOUT RELATIVE POVERTY - UNDERSTOOD AS AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE AND FAMILIES FORCED ↗ THE WELFARE SYSTEM TO LIVE BELOW THE AVERAGE PROVIDES FOR DIFFERENT STANDARD OF LIVING - HAS LEVELS OF BENEFITS, BOTH INCREASED. UNIVERSAL AND SPECIFIC, AIMED AT CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF THE POPULATION. ↘ IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF ALL GOAL CITIZENS AND TO PREVENT THE GROWTH OF RELATIVE POVERTY IT IS ESSENTIAL TO MONITOR STATISTICAL INDICATORS AND IMPLEMENT A SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM THAT SUPPORTS THE WEAKEST GROUPS OF THE POPULATION.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 1 18 — 19 /1VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Over the last five years (2015-2019) San Marino The groups most at risk of poverty and there- The Wage Supplementation Fund is granted to text of collaboration projects involving the has recorded an annual GDP per capita equal fore most in need of support are: women, the people temporarily leaving the labor market country’s leading companies, in order to offer to an average of approximately € 38,000. unemployed, irregular or precarious workers, due to corporate crises, while mobility and students easier access to the labor market on There are no situations of absolute poverty young people out of training and employment, unemployment benefits are available for the completion of their studies. In 2018 the level in the country, understood as a condition in workers close to retirement who are made re- unemployed. of tertiary education stood at 20.24%. which a person lacks the means to meet his or dundant, single parents, large families and In addition, in order to further help the latter The public education is free of charge her basic needs. the disabled. category of people, the Office for Active Labor in terms of enrolment and attendance, from The 2017 household consumption and lifestyle Policies is being reorganized to improve the primary school to lower and upper second- WELFARE AND EMPLOYMENT survey shows the presence of relative pover- matching of supply and demand. ary school. In kindergartens and elementary The country's current welfare system is inclu- ty, with 97.4% of households answering yes schools, whether all-day or extended time, sive in terms of social protection systems for In order to encourage the employment of to the question “does a month’s income allow approximately 50% of the cost of school can- families, people temporarily leaving the labor young people and women, the support pol- the household to cover its expenses for the teens is borne by the families. Reduced rates market and the unemployed. Currently, the icies implemented by San Marino include same period?”. Only 1.6% of the population for the canteen service of the Social Services economic instrument to support families in targeted incentives for young male entrepre- (equal to 224 households) do not make ends Fund are applied to upper secondary school difficulty is the guaranteed minimum monthly neurs up to 40 years of age and for young fe- meet. In 2018 this percentage rose to 3%, with students. family income for COVID-19, equal to a con- male entrepreneurs up to 45 years of age. households doubling. tribution of € 580, increased by € 150 for the The number of class teachers in relation to As a further economic support to all workers Particularly as a consequence of the global spouse and by € 50 for each dependent family the number of students is one to eighteen and and pensioners, the daytime canteen service, pandemic, institutional concern about rel- member, and 50% of the cost of rent. Addi- support teachers are sufficient in number to scattered throughout the territory, is availa- ative poverty - understood as an increase in tional forms of social protection instruments follow all students who need support. This al- ble at a cost ranging from € 2 to € 2.8 for a the number of people and families forced to are under consideration. lows a very high level of learning and enables full meal. live below the average standard of living - has teachers to be alert to any changes in student The ordinary regulatory instruments concern- increased. As envisaged by the 2030 Agenda and by in- behaviors that may need more attention. ing social protection, and therefore also the dicator 1.a.2, the Statistics Office, using the The 2017 relative poverty indicator is as fol- fight against poverty and hunger, currently In order to facilitate women’s integration into State Accounting Office - Consolidated Finan- lows: the relative poverty threshold for a fam- replaced by the minimum family income for the labor market, public and private nursery cial Statement as a source, has launched a ily composed of 2 members is € 1,042.7. Based COVID-19, are the Social Credit Fund and the schools are available, with a fixed monthly fee survey related to the proportion of total gov- on ISTAT equivalence scale ¹ relative pover- Extraordinary Solidarity Fund. of € 210 for the public and slightly more for ernment spending on essential services (edu- ty thresholds were calculated according to the private ones, irrespective of attendance. The Social Credit Fund is the public interven- cation, health and social protection) in order household size. The daily attendance fee to be paid by users tion instrument aimed at reducing the pay gap to monitor and strengthen services where for public nursery schools and private nursery 1 Italian National Institute of Statistics between the public and private sectors. The necessary. The indicator obtained is the ratio schools having concluded an agreement with Social Credit Fund, established by Law no. 135 between spending by the overall public sector the State is € 5.80. MEMBERS POVERTY EQUIVALENCE THRESHOLDS of 18 December 2006 and regulated by Del- on education, health, social and welfare ser- 1 0,60 € 625.62 egated Decree no. 125 of 20 December 2007, vices and total government spending. In 2019 In order to guarantee the right to study, stu- 2 1.00 € 1,042.70 was reaffirmed by Delegated Decree no. 178 of this ratio amounted to 64.4%. dents and families may apply for: 3 1.33 € 1,386.70 28 December 2018. • A study allowance of € 770 if the 4 1.63 € 1,699.60 EDUCATION annual per capita income is up to € The Extraordinary Solidarity Fund, established 5 1.90 € 1,997.80 San Marino provides excellent education ser- 18,200; of € 1,540 if the per capita in- by Article 10 of Law no. 146 of 19 vices. The intention is to create new profes- come is up to € 14,800; of € 2,310 if the In order to improve the standard of living of 2014, is a social protection instrument. sional skills demanded by the labor market. per capita income is up to € 11,400; all citizens and to prevent the growth of rela- The minimum family income for COVID-19 is All school levels and the Vocational Training • Fiduciary loan for self-financing of tive poverty it is essential to monitor statisti- the measure currently applied in San Marino Centre are present in the Republic. The uni- studies with a contribution of € 4,400 cal indicators and implement a social welfare to support workers and families following the versity courses offered in San Marino are un- per year, to be repaid 3 years after the system that supports the weakest groups of COVID-19 pandemic. This instruments is cur- dergoing major development, also in the con- qualification has been obtained; the population. rently replacing the other two.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 1 20 — 21 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW • Study allowance for most deserving the highest mortality, such as breast, cervical The percentage of households owning their students equal to € 513.04, with an and intestinal cancer, are also free of charge. own home is high, namely 80.9%. If the per- average grade equal to or higher than Vaccines are administered free of charge, as son or household is in financial difficulty, they 8.50 for high school students, and to are a range of collateral preventive and health can apply for social housing. Another instru- € 996.12, with an average grade equal enhancing services, such as physiotherapy, ment to support households in the purchase to or higher than 28 for university stu- speech therapy, psychology, etc. The high of their own homes is the loan for subsidized dents; level of public health was also confirmed in housing of up to € 130,000 for the purchase of • Postgraduate scholarships: 2019 by a long life expectancy at birth of 83.22 their first home. € 1,100 → income € 18,200, years for men and 86.89 years for women. In addition to this State aid, the country can € 2,200 → income € 14,800, The social and health system also provides free count on several non-profit associations (Cari- € 3,300 → income € 11,400; assistance to all persons with disabilities in a tas, Banco Alimentare, SUMS Solidarity Fund), • Contribution for books for high condition of reduced autonomy and/or fragil- which carry out support activities within the school students: € 270 for the 1st and ity due to moderate or severe psycho-physi- Republic in favor of people and families in dif- 3rd year, € 180 for the 2nd, 4th and 5th cal deficits. These services are differentiated ficult economic and life situations. year. € 320 for university students. according to the specific needs: home nurs- • Almost full reimbursement of trans- For example, since 2014 the Mutual Aid Soci- ing/medical assistance services, socio-edu- port costs (except for a fixed contribu- ety (SUMS), through its Solidarity Fund, has cational and psychological activities on the tion of € 85 to be paid by the student) provided aid to resident families in econom- territory and in residential or semi-residential for young people attending secondary ic difficulty by directly paying their debts for facilities, protected transport services, etc. schools outside the territory. utilities (water, electricity, gas), rents, condo- • School transport for all school lev- The purpose of these services is also to offer minium fees and mortgages, school fees, car els and textbooks for elementary and all-round assistance to persons with disabili- expenses, medical care, or through shopping lower secondary schools are free of ties and their family members, also from the vouchers, up to the amount of the contribu- charge. point of view of social integration and inclu- tion allocated to each applicant. sion, where possible also in the workplace, by Monthly family allowances are provided to promoting cooperation at all levels with other support families with dependent children up State services, cultural and voluntary associ- to the age of 16, in the following order: € 69.59 ations, other services of the Social and Health for the 1st child, € 90.50 for the 2nd child, € Department and with private companies. 112.50 for the 3rd child, € 133.50 for the 4th child, € 160.50 for the 5th child. Such allow- A person with a 65% disability is paid a so- ances continue to be granted if upper second- cial allowance of € 557.24 per month. If the ary school is regularly attended and up to the disability is 100%, a carer’s allowance of € third year of university. 11,773.60 per year is provided until the age of 16. From the age of 16, this amount is in- In addition, a tax deduction of € 250 for each creased to € 16,819.44 per year. dependent family member is applied. The current social security system also guar- SOCIAL AND HEALTH SYSTEM antees a good level of sustenance to pension- Access to the social and health system is free ers, who receive a social pension of € 557.24 of charge and allows each patient to receive per month, which from 2021 will be paid at the basic and specialized care and to undergo age of 66. The minimum pension is € 1,073.80, surgery without paying any fee. Drugs pre- which is paid at the age of 60 with 35 years of scribed by doctors for the treatment of spe- contributions or at the age of 66 with 20 years cific diseases and screening for diseases with of contributions.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 1 22 — 23 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 24 — 25 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 2

↗ WITH A VIEW TO FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY, THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO IS PROGRESSIVELY IMPLEMENTING ORGANIC FARMING, MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE AND THE ENHANCEMENT OF LOCAL FOOD AND WINE PRODUCTION. ↘ IN SAN MARINO, MANY CROPS ARE LINKED TO THE NEEDS OF LIVESTOCK FARMING. WITH A VIEW TO ENCOURAGING AND ENHANCING LOCAL FOOD AND WINE, IT IS NECESSARY TO FURTHER DIVERSIFY PRODUCTION BY INCREASING THE ↗ IN SAN MARINO, WORK IS PRODUCTION OF SPECIALIZED CROPS BEING DONE TO IMPROVE SOCIAL (VINES, OLIVE TREES, ETC.). AWARENESS IN TERMS OF CORRECT EATING HABITS AND COMBATING FOOD WASTE.

↘ BECAUSE OF A COMBINATION OF CLIMATIC, GEOLOGICAL AND GOAL MORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS, SAN MARINO TERRITORY HAS PREDOMINANTLY CLAYEY SOILS THAT ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR ALL CROPS.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 2 26 — 27 /2VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Republic of San Marino is implement- cilities for the processing of raw materials and TABLE 1 / ing food security and sustainable agriculture marketing facilities) and on local tradition DATA ON LAND USE through organic farming, encouraging multi- that favors the consumption of certain prod- functional agriculture, certifying and enhanc- ucts over others. Soft wheat, barley, vines, ing local food and wine production and im- olive trees, fodder, cattle breeding and honey ACTUAL LAND USE UTILIZED AGRICULTURAL AREA AND ACTUAL proving social awareness in terms of correct depend on the simultaneous presence of cli- LAND USE (TOTAL APPROX. 2,500 HECTARES) eating habits and combating food waste. In mate/environmental constraints and the ex- Arable land about 1,700 hectares, of which: addition, support instruments have been put isting organization of San Marino agriculture. • wheat/barley/grain cereals: in place to tackle poverty and consequently It is evident that most of the existing crops are 500 hectares hunger. related to livestock farming, for example al- • alfalfa/fodder plants/grazing land: falfa, a semi-spontaneous crop requiring little As regards the reduction of hunger, which is 1,100 hectares maintenance, which is also grown in the flat- closely linked to poverty, it should be noted • field beans/grain legumes: ter areas that would be adequate for more in- that, as already illustrated in Goal 1, San Mari- 45 hectares tensive cultivation. Production covers almost no is currently not affected by absolute pover- • seed-bearing crops (onion, other): 80% of the food requirements of animals bred ty (namely persons lacking the means to meet 50 hectares in the Republic. their basic needs), except for a few rare cas- • horticulture: es. However, relative poverty - namely people It should be noted that, over the last twen- 5 hectares with income less than some fixed proportion ty years, San Marino agriculture has acquired of median income - is increasing, rising from new social functions. Alongside the primary Olive groves about 190 hectares 1.6% of the population in 2017 to 3% of the production of raw materials, other services population in 2018. are now provided, such as agritourism activ- Vineyards about 130 hectares ities (catering, hospitality, recreational activi- Commitments to ending hunger and ensur- Orchards/Truffle grounds/ about 60 hectares ties, educational activities) and eco-systemic ing access for all people, particularly those Arboriculture services, such as environmental protection, in vulnerable situations, including infants, to conservation of the landscape and of rural Pastures about 250 hectares safe, nutritious and sufficient food throughout memory/tradition, protection of the territory, the year are obviously connected with those Uncultivated land/recently about 270 hectares preservation of soil fertility and of biodiversity aimed at combating poverty, which have been abandoned land of agricultural ecosystems. addressed in the description of Goal 1. Medicinal plants 1.0 hectares An important sign demonstrating adherence CROPS AND BREEDING to food security goals is the starting of a LIVESTOCK ACTIVITY/BREEDING With regard to agriculture, it should be not- gradual conversion to organic cultivation and ed that, because of a combination of climatic, breeding (see tables below). geological and morphological factors (hilly Dairy cattle farms 3 environment with ground and surface water that is difficult to use for irrigation), soils are Beef cattle farms 20 predominantly clayey and sub-alkaline (cal- Sheep farms 1 careous). According to their specific needs, not all crops are suitable for these types of Average annual number of (beef about 1,100 soil and climate. Also economic and social and dairy) cattle bred factors influence the choice of crops. Indeed, Average annual number of sheep about 150 this choice depends on the economic and so- bred cial organization (presence in the territory of facilities providing the production means, fa-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 2 28 — 29 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW BEE-KEEPING ORGANIC FARMING gradual and progressive integration of organ- San Marino has been pursuing a strategy ic farming, the Public Administration, through aimed at encouraging organic farming for sev- the Agricultural and Environmental Resources Average annual number of declared hives about 800-1,000 eral years, by introducing first Law no. 39 of 13 Management Office (UGRAA), provides techni- March 1991 “Provisions regulating, promoting cal/specialist support to producers in draw- TABLE 2/ and enhancing organic farming and related ing up the administrative documents required DATA RELATING TO ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION (NOVEMBER 2020) cultivation techniques” and subsequently Del- for organic certification. egated Decree no. 94 of 27 July 2012 “Trans- Through the involvement of all operators and position of EU rules on the production and OPERATORS SUBJECT TO THE CONTROL AND CERTIFICATION NO. stakeholders in the organic supply chain, San labelling of organic products” and Law no. 94 REGIME FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION Marino is working to achieve a streamlined of 7 August 2017 (Art. 25), which provides for certification system that is suited to its con- Organic farmers 28 adaptations related to organic farming. text. A clear and comprehensive regulatory Agricultural cooperatives 3 Delegated Decree no. 155 of 22 September framework will facilitate certification pro- 2020, which is very recent, aligns San Marino cedures and promote compliance with the Other operators 5 legislation with the provisions of the European rules, ensuring the achievement of a high level Union, by establishing a control and certifica- of product quality and greater environmental tion system for organic production. This Dele- protection. In addition, service agreements TABLE 3/ gated Decree implements Decision no. 1/2020 are being implemented with the relevant in- PERCENTAGE OF ORGANIC FARMING of the EU-San Marino Cooperation Committee stitutions and offices to ensure efficient -oper dated 28 May 2020, which places San Marino ation of the system. on the same footing as a Member State of the PRODUCTION ORGANIC AREA TOTAL AREA PERCENTAGE OF Moreover, a strategy is being set up to pro- European Union as regards organic produc- ORGANIC FARMING mote and strengthen supply from local sourc- tion, thus allowing operators to release their es, involving both commercial partners and Arable crops 362 1,700 21.3% certified organic products into free circulation public canteens and schools, in order to cre- and sell them on the European market. Grazing land 112.5 250 45% ate a circular and sustainable agri-food sys- Vineyards 40.7 130 31.3% Congress of State Decision no. 14 of 1 June tem. 2020 is very important from an operational Olive groves 24.2 190 12.7 point of view. Indeed, this Decision has estab- MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE Orchard/Truffle 3.3 60 5.5 lished a Working Group with the primary ob- Agriculture plays a specific role in the new ground jective of reviewing all agricultural legislation General Town Planning Scheme for territorial and promoting the development of organic and urban development. Indeed, agriculture Medicinal plants 1 1 100% farming. is being reviewed to assume a new sustaina- ble and active form, based on multifunction- Total 543.7 2,331 23.32% In concrete terms, efforts are being made to ality and product differentiation, with the aim convert as much land as possible to organ- of becoming an agri-environmental reference TABLE 4/ ic farming, both in terms of agriculture and model. ORGANIC LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION of public parks and gardens. For three years now, organic farming has been receiving ad The Scheme defines and regulates for the first hoc allocations, in addition to those for tradi- time the agricultural and landscape areas in ORGANIC TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF tional agriculture. the territory. The Scheme considers agricul- PRODUCTION ORGANIC FARMING Moreover, agricultural producers’ needs are ture as an area dedicated to food production, Bee-keeping 57 hives Approx. 1,000 5.7% being identified in order to provide them with livestock breeding and the protection of na- effective support. In order to encourage a ture and biodiversity. In these areas, functions

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 2 30 — 31 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW capable of providing eco-systemic services, - The Working Group on Health Ed- recognized as useful for the maintenance of ucation in Schools, aimed at promoting in- biodiversity and the well-being of the popula- tegrated activities to encourage healthy life- tion, will be preserved and guaranteed. styles and ensure healthy menus in school canteens. This Working Group facilitates the MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING development of coordinated actions between The technical and administrative manage- school and health institutions, with particular ment of agricultural and forestry heritage and regard to the fight against obesity; of data on agriculture is entrusted to the En- - Okkio alla salute (Mind your vironmental and Agricultural Resources Man- health!), an annual survey on dietary habits agement Office - UGRAA, which also promotes and physical activity in schools. and supports the activities of agricultural, The enhancement and certification of San Ma- livestock, agri-food and agri-tourism busi- rino agricultural products is implemented to a nesses in the territory. large extent by “Terra di San Marino” Consor- Some of the main functions performed by tium (which unites Professional Entities and UGRAA can be considered fundamental to Associations, San Marino Agricultural Produc- achieve the objective of multifunctional and ers Association and the Owner Farmers Asso- sustainable agriculture, namely: ciation). The Consortium aims at gathering the agri-food potential and protecting it through - Promoting and supporting agricultur- the establishment of the quality and certifi- al, livestock, agri-food and agri-tourism ac- cation mark, which certifies the local product tivities in the territory; supply chain. This is done by controlling the - Promoting and enhancing agricultural origin of the food product from production production and agri-tourism and hiking ac- to processing and marketing, thus promoting tivities; the genuineness of the final product at inter- - Leading the planning of research, national level. More specifically, the Consor- experimentation and technical assistance tium issues the “Terra di San Marino” mark to activities in the agricultural and livestock agricultural products obtained in compliance fields and managing the experimental wine with the production regulations, controls and center; certifies the branded products and carries out - Implementing and managing the Wild activities for the promotion and enhancement Fauna and Hunting Plan in accordance with of typical local products and, in general, of the guidelines provided by the Observatory agriculture and rural traditions. The rediscov- on Wild Fauna and the related Habitats; ery of the local supply chain is also an identity - Carrying out the environmental im- and cultural process, in continuity with the pact preliminary assessment of town plan- local tradition. In the framework of this am- ning instruments and building projects and bitious project, several workshops have been collaborating in environmental protection organized for the rediscovery of culinary tra- and control activities. ditions for both adults and children, and the ONGOING INITIATIVES “Casa di Fabrica” museum, i.e. the Museum of With a view to implementing “sustainable” Rural Life, has been established by restoring eating behavior, great attention is paid to food an eighteenth-century rural building and dis- education in schools. There are two ongoing playing the main characteristic elements of projects in this area: rural history.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 2 32 — 33 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 34 — 35 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 3

↗ THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO HAS A FREE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM FOR ALL. ↘ IN THE COMING YEARS, THE HOSPITAL WILL NEED TO BE RENEWED AND STRENGTHENED.

↗ THE SOCIAL SECURITY INSTITUTE (SSI) GUARANTEES HIGH ACCESSIBILITY TO ALL HEALTH AND SOCIO-HEALTH ↘ WORK NEEDS TO BE SERVICES. DONE TO STRENGTHEN INTEGRATION BETWEEN HOSPITAL AND TERRITORIAL SERVICES, WITH A GREATER DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOAL LATTER.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 3 36 — 37 /3VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW San Marino Socio-Health System was created a territorial level through, for example, in 1955 with the establishment of the Social the promotion of vaccinations and ad- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Security Institute (SSI) and ensures a fair and visory activities aimed mainly at wom- 3.2.1 Under-five 0.60 1.19 0 0.60 0.61 0 0.67 0.70 0.75 solidarity-based welfare system for all. en's health, and of Socio-Health and mortality rate Social services, which include Mental (under-five deaths/ The functions and organization of the SSI population 0-4 Health, Minors’ Service, Elderly Service are defined, in particular, by Law no. 42 of years)*1000 and services for the disabled. 22 December 1955, Law no. 21 of 3 May 1977, - Prevention Department, dealing Law no. 69 of 25 May 2004 and Law no. 165 Neonatal mortality with food safety and veterinary medi- 3.2.2 2.99 0 0 0 0 0 3.82 0 4.26 of 30 November 2004 and their subsequent rate deaths in the cine, environmental protection, safety first 28 days/live amendments and integrations, and by the in the workplace, occupational medi- births (deaths documents related to planning, i.e. health under 5 years/live cine and public health laboratory. and socio-health plans, corporate guidelines, births)*1000 - Strategic Management Staff and budgets, personnel plan and investment plan. Administrative Area, consisting of 3.2.2 Neonatal mortality 2.99 3.08 0 3.13 3.38 0 3.82 0 4.26 rate (deaths in 1 The mission of the SSI is to meet the health cross-cutting healthcare and adminis- year of life per live needs of San Marino population through a trative processes such as pharmaceu- birth *1000) quality health, social and welfare system for ticals, management control, forensics, all consisting of prevention and rehabilitation personnel management, budgeting activities, as well as primary health care, so- and management of the social securi- cial and welfare assistance. ty system, which provides for example pensions and family allowances. The vision of the SSI is oriented to the con- 1000 (neonatal) and 25 per 1000 (under-five) Oral contraceptives are offered free of charge stant strengthening of the organizational sys- MOTHERS AND CHILDREN for more than a decade. by the SSI for all women of childbearing age. tem to ensure appropriateness, timeliness, The SSI has always paid great attention to the effectiveness and quality of services offered to In order to raise public awareness, the SSI has health of children, starting from the health of HEALTH AND PREVENTION patients, while respecting their health needs, been participating in the WHO World AIDS mothers throughout pregnancy and puerper- The SSI pays particular attention to the pre- by continuously improving the quality of sup- Day for several years and HIV tests can be re- ium. For some years now, a birth program, vention and treatment of infectious diseases. ply and citizens’ satisfaction and by optimiz- quested free of charge and anonymously at managed in a multidisciplinary way, has been Tropical diseases such as malaria, mentioned ing the management of available resources. the SSI. set up. Its focus is on preparing parents for in indicator 3.3.3, are not present in San Mari- The SSI is organized into Departments and Ar- childbirth, supporting puerperium and on no. Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis is provid- There is an active collaboration with AUSL eas: "home visiting". This makes it possible to ed free of charge to all those volunteering in Romagna (Italian Health Service of the sur- - Hospital Department, consisting of identify post-partum depression or parental countries at risk and a Travel Medicine service rounding territory) for the management of an Emergency Department and an Ur- distress at an early stage and to subsequent- provides advice to all travelers. The limited cases requiring high level expertise. cases of tuberculosis are mostly imported. gency and Emergency Service (118) and ly provide parenting support programs and Prevention of hepatitis B is primarily done providing outpatient, diagnostic, in- interventions against juvenile and gender vi- As far as sexually transmitted diseases are through vaccination, which is mandatory from patient and medical and surgical ser- olence. concerned, the SSI collaborates with schools the age of three months and offered free of vices. It is divided up into 2 areas (one Health care during pregnancy and childbirth to educate about affectivity and make stu- charge. Treatment with innovative and cu- providing diagnostic and intervention is provided for all women, and the focus on dents aware of the use of condoms. rative drugs for hepatitis C is offered free of services and the other medical and re- the mother and the process to delivery has re- charge to all eligible persons. habilitation services). With regard to sexual and reproductive health sulted in a zero maternal mortality rate since - Socio-Health Department, consist- care services, the SSI provides services for To calculate healthy life expectancy at birth before 2000. ing of Primary Care services, which adolescents to inform and advise them on San Marino has planned several surveys for provide primary health care, health In San Marino, neonatal and under-five mor- contraceptives. Particular attention is paid to the 2020-2030 decade, including: promotion and disease prevention at tality have been below the thresholds of 12 per women through the Women's Health Centre. - Passi and Passi d’argento on lifestyles

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 3 38 — 39 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Neurology, Territorial Home Service and Pri- adequate assistance in the event of road acci- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 mary Care. dents involving injured persons and, within the Hepatitis B scope of its competence, collaborates with 3.3.4 9.4 3.1 3.1 0 6.1 0 0 0 0 The Mental Health Service and the Minors’ incidence the Authority for the Authorization, Accredi- per 100,000 Service, which are closely integrated with the tation and Quality of Health, Socio-Health and population other services of the SSI and non-health sec- Socio-Educational Services, for the transmis- tors (schools, court, etc.), play a fundamental sion of data on road accidents with fatalities role in guaranteeing psychic well-being and or injuries. preventing certain discomforts from evolving of adults aged 18-64 and those over 65; developed integrated diagnostic and thera- into mental illness. In the case of driving under the influence of - 02 on health determinants in early peutic programs between hospital and ter- alcohol or drugs, rehabilitation programs are childhood; The prevention, treatment and rehabilitation ritorial services, according to the proactive provided. - Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS); medicine model, for chronic diseases such as of people suffering from mental and psychi- - Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initi- diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary dis- atric illnesses are, indeed, at the heart of the With reference to the statistics indicated be- ative (COSI); ease (COPD), heart failure and arterial hyper- system through which the SSI has provided low on road accidents with fatalities or inju- - Health Behavior in School-aged Chil- tension. health and socio-health services since its in- ries, it should be borne in mind that data may dren (HBSC). ception. fluctuate widely, given the limited population With regard to the over-65 population, pro- of San Marino. Chronic non-communicable diseases repre- grams and activities are being developed The SSI Mental Health Complex Operative sent one of the main challenges for the coun- to promote active ageing and to manage, Unit, in collaboration with the Emergency The number of accidents with fatalities or in- tries of the European region as life expectancy in a multidisciplinary way, “fragile” elderly Department, Primary Care, other SSI ser- juries and the number of annual injuries fell increases. In order to try to reduce premature through the involvement of the Operational vices, police forces and schools, carries out during the decade under review. This de- mortality due to chronic diseases, the SSI has Units of Geriatrics, Residential Elderly Care, important activities for the prevention and crease is mainly attributable to an improve- treatment of substance abuse. Particular at- ment in the road system, closure of the most tention is paid to the treatment of pathologi- risky passages on the highway (the main road cal addictions, by means of agreements with connecting San Marino to the Italian territo- specialized centers, also outside the territory, ry), construction of roundabouts, etc. and social rehabilitation activities through job San Marino model, as also described in the placement programs. preceding paragraphs, provides for health 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 San Marino complies with the UN Global Sta- coverage for all, thus fully meeting the indi- 3.4.1 Age-standardized 151.42 173.00 144.66 160.01 138.38 116.47 158.75 174.19 100.36 tus Report on Road Safety. The SSI ensures cations of Target 3.8. Indeed, it guarantees mortality rate between 30-69 years of age from major causes of death (deaths between 30 and 69 years of age due to NCDs/ population 30-69 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 years*100,000) 3.4.2 Age-standardized 3.15 12.48 0 6.15 3.06 15.20 6.04 9.03 11.99 3.6.1 Road accidents 739.13 502.50 550.52 495.05 605.86 474.19 383.85 349.08 338.67 suicide mortality harmfulness rate rate (suicides (injuries per accident per population per population *100,000) *100,000) 3.6.1 Number of road 0 1 1 1 1 3 0 3 3 traffic fatal injuries

3.6.1 Number of road 235 161 178 161 198 156 127 116 113 traffic injuries

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 3 40 — 41 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW and manages the provision of health services, recommended vaccinations, with a special fo- With regard to the density and distribution of health care professionals: temporary economic benefits, lifelong eco- cus on certain high-risk categories. As a result nomic benefits, family allowances and social of the implemented campaigns, coverage for security benefits. the first dose of the measles, mumps and ru- 2018 bella vaccine in the group of children born in Since 2017, particular attention has been paid 3.c.1 Practicing physicians (tot. physicians/population*1,000) 338.67 2015 increased by about 10 percentage points to the prevention of communicable diseases compared to the 2014 group. through the establishment of a Vaccine Com- mission, which corresponds to the NITAG The Vaccine Commission and the Pharmaceu- 3.c.1 Nurses and midwives (tot. nurses + midwives/ 8.9% (National Immunization Technical Advisory tical Commission provide technical support to population*1,000) Group) provided for by WHO. the General Directorate for the continuous up- dating of the pharmaceutical handbook and The Commission provided technical support Dentists (dentists working in San Marino/ 1.5% the SSI guarantees affordable prices for drugs 3.c.1 for the updating of the vaccination calendar population*1,000) and products that are not free of charge. and for a review of the vaccination office’s working methods, thus leading to a rever- In 2018, a collaboration agreement was signed sal of the downward trend in the coverage of for the implementation of research and train- Consolata Hospital in Tanzania by SSI staff. The Extraordinary Commissioner was compulsory vaccinations and to an increase in ing projects for health personnel at the Ikonda also assigned the coordination of the The Health Authority is in charge of coor- Coordination Group for Health Emer- dinating and supervising the system of au- gencies, made up of the SSI Director thorization and institutional accreditation of General, the Health Authority and the public and private health, socio-health and Civil Protection, with the commitment socio-educational facilities, and of develop- to meet periodically to plan assis- ing tools and methodologies to assess the ap- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 tance to the population and respond propriateness of the management of care pro- 3.b.1 Influenza 31.04% 31.10% to emerging needs for diagnosis and vaccination grams. By exercising its functions, the Health coverage treatment; age 65+ Authority guarantees the continuous improve- ment of the quality of health and socio-health - Decree Law no. 43 of 5 March 2020 facilities for citizens and users, as well as the introduced special and urgent meas- 3.b.1 Pediatric 91.80% 94.50% 91.00% 88.50% 86.90% 87.70% 94.10% 94.00% 94.50% 89.10% vaccination systematic and planned development of pub- ures to prevent and contain the spread coverage: lic health and socio-health services. of COVID-19. polio In addition to the above-mentioned legislative COVID-19 acts, further measures have been put in place 3.b.1 Pediatric 88.80% 90.50% 86.50% 84.30% 82.70% 85.60% 89.30% 85.00% 89.30% 85.70% vaccination The first case of COVID-19 in the Republic of to deal with the epidemiological emergency, coverage: San Marino was registered on 26 February in particular in the following areas: measles 2020. The Institutions’ response to the spread 1- Prevention: by strengthening the of the epidemic was prompt: contact tracing service; Pediatric 3.b.1 88.80% 90.50% 86.50% 84.30% 82.70% 85.60% 89.30% 85.00% 89.30% 85.70% - Decree Law no. 35 of 28 February vaccination 2- Territory: by setting up a COVID-19 coverage: 2020 declared a state of emergency; rubella team of doctors and nurses to take - Decree Law no. 42 of 5 March estab- care of patients at home; lished the Extraordinary Commissioner 3- Hospital: by increasing bed avail- with the task of managing and imple- ability with the opening of two new menting the urgent measures to tack- wards and the conversion of some Or- le the situation caused by the virus.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 3 42 — 43 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ganizational Units for the isolation of Consequently, there was an increase in ad- the first dose and 37.5% with the second infected patients. missions to the intensive care unit and the dose. More specifically, the coverage was 65% isolation ward, which had reopened in Octo- In addition, in collaboration with the Civil in the 16-49 age group, over 70% in the 50-59 ber 2020. However, the effort to continue with Protection, two tents were set up outside the age group and over 80% in the 60+ age group, routine activities was deployed until the end hospital to ensure safe access for patients with a peak of 87% in the 75-84 age group. of March 2021, when the highest number of with a suspected COVID-19 diagnosis and to active infected people was reached. Worth mentioning is also San Marino's partic- take swabs. Also important was the establish- ipation in two studies on vaccine safety and ment of a psychological support service both Crucial in the fight against the epidemic was efficacy conducted in collaboration with the for people who had to cope with the difficul- the continued activity of the Contact Tracking University of Bologna with regard to safety, ty of isolation at home or at the hospital and Service and the COVID-19 Territorial Team, and with the Spallanzani Institute in for health workers involved in the COVID-19 which had been re-established in October with regard to efficacy. emergency. 2020 for home follow-up of infected patients. After a year and two months, the smallest For their efforts made during the emergency The turning point in the battle to contain the and oldest Republic in the world, thanks to that ended on 30 June 2020, on 24 August spread of the virus was undoubtedly the start, the resilience of all the health and non-health 2020 the Congress of State awarded the First on 25 February 2021, of the COVID-19 vacci- professionals of the Social Security Institute, Class Medal of Merit to the Social Security nation campaign, following the adoption of demonstrated its capacity to respond and Institute, the Health Authority, the Civil Pro- the Anti-SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Vaccination adapt, enabling it to overcome the Sars-CoV-2 tection and all those who distinguished them- Plan of the Republic of San Marino, drawn health emergency for the second time. selves in the management of the pandemic. up by the professionals of the Social Securi- ty Institute gathered in the Vaccine Commis- During summer, there was a relative slow- sion (the Plan is available on the SSI website down in the spread of the virus, which allowed https://vaccinocovid.iss.sm/#moduli). This for the recovery and resumption of all routine campaign was promoted through a massive diagnostic, treatment and screening activities information campaign called "My health for involving patients who were on waiting lists. the health of all". However, the Coordination Group for Health The Plan identifies the categories of people Emergencies, well aware that the period of to be vaccinated as a priority, starting with fewer infections would be limited, continued health and socio-health workers and guests of its work and drew up the plan for managing sheltered residential facilities, to be followed a new COVID-19 wave, setting as one of its by people over 85 and patients suffering from objectives the strengthening of the influenza chronic diseases, then by people over 75, vaccination campaign as a means of prevent- teachers and the members of police forces. ing complications and promoting health, es- Since the end of March 2021, the vaccine has pecially in at-risk groups. A high percentage been offered to adolescents between 16 and of professionals and of the general public 18 years of age and to all age groups. joined this vaccination campaign, with a very high number of doses administered. The opening of two vaccination hubs, one at territorial level and one at the hospital, made In autumn, as had been predicted, the number it possible to vaccinate an average of 800 of new confirmed COVID-19 cases increased patients per day, reaching a total number of again, with an average of 35 per day, and the 33,752 doses on 9 May, of which 21,210 were first peak of infections was reached in January first doses and 12,542 second doses. This en- 2021 due to the arrival of the English variant. sured a population coverage of 62.5% with

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 3 44 — 45 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 46 — 47 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 4

↗ THE FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES INVESTED BY SAN MARINO IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM ARE ALSO REFLECTED BY THE STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO IN THE VARIOUS SCHOOL LEVELS. THE PERCENTAGE OF ADULTS ↘ GENERALLY SPEAKING, FOR SEVERAL WHO HAVE OBTAINED A TERTIARY YEARS NOW THE RATIO HAS BEEN EDUCATION QUALIFICATION 1 TEACHER EVERY 7 PUPILS IN (CURRENTLY 17%) SHOULD PRIMARY EDUCATION, WHILE THIS CERTAINLY BE MONITORED OVER RATIO HAS BEEN AROUND 1 TEACHER THE YEARS AND POLICIES SHOULD EVERY 8 STUDENTS IN SECONDARY CERTAINLY BE IDENTIFIED TO EDUCATION. FURTHER IMPROVE THIS RESULT.

↗ TODAY, SAN MARINO EDUCATION SYSTEM FIRMLY ADOPTS THE CONCEPT OF INCLUSION, ACCORDING ↘ THE PERCENTAGE OF EARLY TO WHICH THE BOUNDARIES OF THE SCHOOL LEAVERS (2% IN THE LAST SCHOOL COMMUNITY (AND NOT TWO YEARS) IS VERY IMPORTANT AND ONLY) ARE EFFECTIVELY OPEN TO GOAL ALL, INCLUDING, ABOVE ALL, THOSE THE RELEVANT DATA COLLECTION, WHICH IS NOT EASY, NEEDS TO WHO PERCEIVE THEMSELVES AS BE BUILT UP AND MONITORED DIFFERENT. OVER TIME. IT WILL BE A PRECISE COMMITMENT ON THE PART OF SAN MARINO TO MAINTAIN A HIGH FOCUS ON THIS INDICATOR.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 4COGNOME 48 — 49 /4VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW San Marino has an excellent education sys- of the Republic of San Marino is divided into of curricula), openness to change and innova- education system; tem that contributes significantly to the social three basic cycles: kindergarten, primary and tion (cultural mobility). - Link with the community, parents, and economic development of the country. secondary school. Compulsory education be- associations and social work; San Marino education system presents some Recently, a new interdisciplinary curriculum, gins at age 6 and ends at age 16. When stu- - Enhancement of school time, spe- basic values that have qualified it over the starting at age 0 and ending at age 18, has dents reach the age of 16, they may decide cialized staff, financial resources to -ex years as having a high social and cultural val- been adopted for Education, with- to conclude their studies or to continue their pand the educational offer; ue. Worth mentioning are: in which education for a sustainable society education up to the end of upper secondary - Creation of inclusive learning envi- - Investment in early childhood edu- plays a key role. school, when they obtain an upper secondary ronments; cation and care (nursery schools and school diploma. At the end of lower second- - Adoption of multilingualism as a fea- In ensuring education of the individual as a kindergartens) meeting European ary school (called Middle School), pupils may ture of learning environments; priority asset (Art. 1 of Law no. 21 of 2 Febru- standards; also decide to enroll in the local Vocational - Maintenance of a very good ratio be- ary 1998), the Republic of San Marino recog- - Generalized offer of all-day primary Training Centre. tween the number of students and the nizes the right to education for all citizens up schools to boost methodological and number of teachers in all school levels. to the age of eighteen. The education system organizational innovation; - Attention to the continuous training The financial and human resources invested of school staff, in line with the Italian by San Marino in the education system are Compulsory education (5+3+2) and European academic and pedagog- also reflected by the student-teacher ratio in Kindergarten Primary school Secondary school ical debate; the various school levels. Generally speak- - Development of professional func- ing, for several years now the ratio has been Nursery school tions, resource centers, management 1 teacher every 7 pupils in primary education, Elementary Lower Upper Vocational Kindergarten School secondary secondary Training and thought structures to provide an- while this ratio has been around 1 teacher school school Center swers to the development needs of the every 8 students in secondary education.

Duration Duration Duration Duration Duration Duration 3 years 3 years 5 years 3 years 2+3 years 2-3 years STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO

Primary education Secondary education

From 3 months From 3 years From 6 years From 11 years From 14 years From 14 years 7,94 to 3 years to 6 years to 11 years to 14 years to 19 years to 17 years 7,7 7,47 7,5 7,67 7,3 7,53 7,29 6,73 6,83

The importance attached to education is also a framework of values against which the de- reflected in the economic investments made velopment prospects of individual education over the years, with an investment propor- systems can be measured. San Marino’s com- tion of around 4% of GDP, which has remained mitment concerns the creation of an educa- 20-21 constant over the years. tional and training system that guarantees 19-20 equal opportunities of access to the system 18-19 Documents on education, having an inter- 17-18 (equity), quality of education (effectiveness national and European background, provide 16-17

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 4 50 — 51 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW An extremely important indicator of the level creasing for several years and now stands In theory, integration already contained some their parents (namely educators) and with of education of San Marino population is pro- at 17%. This percentage should certainly be of the elements characterizing the current their peers. Nursery schools are a comfort- vided by the percentage of adults who have monitored over the years and policies should inclusive perspective in its most qualified able and at the same time stimulating living obtained a tertiary education qualification. certainly be identified to further improve this forms, which can be summarized in the desire environment, where the focus is on relational In San Marino, this percentage has been in- result. to put everyone in a position to fruitfully at- aspects. Every experience a child has is always tend school by providing appropriate environ- the result of an interweaving of relationships ments and interventions. involving adults with each other, adults with children and children with children. Nursery Inclusion is a fundamental right regardless of PERCENTAGE OF GRADUATES AGED 30/34 schools’ educational project attributes equal individual conditions and abilities. Schools dignity to moments dedicated to body care must ensure that all can express their own Percentage of graduates (mealtime, changing, sleeping) and moments excellence through elective opportunities to of play and activity. Constant attention is paid cultivate their intellectual potential and tal- 16,7% to the needs of each age group, as well as 16,4% ent. Furthermore, exclusion factors should be the particular needs of each child. There are 14,9% not only those related to physical or mental currently seven public nursery schools in San 12,9% disability, but also those arising from the so- Marino, five private facilities having signed an 10,9% cial and cultural conditions of individual stu- agreement with the State and one private fa- dents. cility without any public agreement. The number of support teachers, which has At the age of three, children start to attend been steadily increasing over the years, is kindergarten, which lasts three years. Kinder- adequate to take care of all pupils who need Graduates 2020 garten attendance is optional and enrolment them. In accordance with the classification Graduates 2019 is free of charge. Families are only required to criteria of the World Health Organization for pay a fee to contribute to the meals. Today, Graduates 2018 diagnostic guidance, the "Technical Com- almost 100% of eligible children are enrolled Graduates 2017 mission for School Integration", made up of in kindergarten, thus achieving the consoli- Graduates 2016 school managers and representatives of the dation of pre-school education (involving at Minors’ Service, prepares, by 30 June each least 95% of children from the age of 4) also year, the inclusion plan for pupils who have a indicated in the 2010 Strategy and in physical, psychic or sensory impairment, ei- European Training 2020. An indicator attesting to the quality of San INCLUSIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS ther stabilized or progressive, causing learn- Marino education and training system is San Marino schools have been promoting and ing or relational difficulties and leading to a The exclusively public kindergarten service is that relating to Early School Leavers, namely building inclusive learning environments for process of social disadvantage or marginali- open throughout the day, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. young people aged 18-24 who leave educa- over twenty years. The “school integration” zation. Monday to Friday, according to the school cal- tion and training without attaining upper sec- educational practice, originally promoted endar. At each kindergarten there is a catering ondary qualification or equivalent. Over the by including students with disabilities into service, in which also parents participate in SCHOOL CYCLE last two years (2019-2020) this indicator has mainstream classes, has been consolidated terms of management. Kindergarten sections San Marino public education starts with been around 2%. The relevant data collection, over the years. It has been decided to close are normally made up of a minimum of 16 and nursery school, which is an educational ser- which is not easy, needs to be built up and special schools and differentiated classes, to a maximum of 26 children. Three teachers vice for children between three months and monitored over time. It will be a precise com- provide special and trained educational staff (educators) are assigned to each section, to- three years. Nursery school is a support for mitment on the part of San Marino to maintain to support their inclusion, and to develop in- gether with any support teachers for children the family, aimed at offering an original con- a high focus on this indicator. dividualized curricular projects starting from with disabilities. The number of teachers (ed- tribution to the growth process. Children can the precise identification of the specificities ucators) is increased to 4 if there is only one find significant resources for their emotion- (difficulties and resources) of the person with section with at least 20 children. al, cognitive and social development in the certified disabilities. ongoing relationship with adults other than

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 4 52 — 53 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Two physical education teachers (and, as nors’ Service and other external entities that provides for contributions in terms of schol- dition to normal school hours, for stu- needed, additional physical education teach- interact with the pupils' educational process. arships and economic assistance, based on dents whose learning and academic ers of the elementary school) are responsible family income, to support the educational in- performance need to be improved; Collegiality and participation are exercised for achieving the goals in the area of corpore- vestment of young San Marino students. - Enhancement and improvement ac- both through the General Council, the School ality in cooperation with the teachers (educa- tivities during intensive periods. Council, the Class Councils and the general San Marino upper secondary school does not tors). They are assigned to the various schools Upper secondary school diploma en- and specific assemblies, and through a con- cover all possible courses of study. For this on the basis of territorial and continuity plan- ables access to any third-level educa- stant and constructive relationship of collab- reason, about half of San Marino 14-year-old ning. For teaching purposes they use gyms, tional system. oration and exchange of views with the stu- students continue their secondary school facilities, specific routes and parks on dents' families. studies in neighboring Italy. San Marino upper the territory. secondary school offers 4 high school courses VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE Lower secondary school starts at the end of At the age of six, children start elementary and 1 technical course. elementary school. It is compulsory and free Students who do not intend to attend upper school, which is compulsory and lasts five of charge. It lasts for 3 years. In San Marino, Subjects, curricula and teaching hours are set secondary school have the possibility to en- years. On San Marino territory there are 14 lower secondary school has two branches, by the competent bodies, in accordance with roll in San Marino Vocational Training Centre, elementary schools grouped under a single which gather pupils from different parts of the what is established by the legal systems of thus meeting compulsory schooling require- Directorate. Elementary school is organized country, so that the school population is dis- the countries recognizing the validity of qual- ments. This school is a fundamental public according to two different organizational tributed in proportion to the accommodation ifications issued by San Marino. The teaching instrument for the growth and renewal of pro- models: all-day and extended-time. capacity of the two facilities. According to organization of the upper secondary school fessional skills in San Marino. Both models guarantee a teaching activity the agreements in force with the neighboring takes into account the need to offer students Since its establishment, it has developed, of 30 hours per week. Pupil enrolment takes Italian Republic, curricula and timetables are the possibility of strengthening their prepara- both internally and with important external place in May each year. Elementary schools based on the Italian ones, with the inclusion tion with educational activities that comple- collaborations, a remarkable training capaci- are reserved for San Marino citizens, residents of the L3 language for 2 hours per week. The ment curricula, also with a view to customiz- ty for the various levels of labor market needs. and those holding a continuous stay permit. introduction of the new curricula will be com- ing them. Such educational activities are the pleted with the subsequent adoption of cur- following: The Vocational Training Centre interacts with The Elementary School Programs constitute ricula specific to each subject. - Supplementary selected areas pres- the social and productive system, where pro- the institutional text relating to the educa- ent in each curriculum, whose main fessional skills are created. It is a tool for tional contents and the fundamental skills Lessons are spread over 5/6 modules in the objective is to specifically characterize providing skills, which can be certified, doc- to be achieved in San Marino primary school morning, Monday to Saturday, for a total of 32 the course of study; umented and implemented, as well as a re- and are inspired by the Declaration on the Cit- modules per week. - Transversal selected activities source capable of enhancing the cultural and izens' Rights and Fundamental Principles of Lower secondary school constantly coordi- (mathematics, physics and Italian professional growth of young people. San Marino Constitutional Order. nates its action with the other school levels Olympics; selected Spanish and Chi- Vocational training is an opportunity for the The teaching staff of each elementary school and with the Minors’ Service. In addition, it re- nese courses; theatre workshop); development and affirmation of a "practical consists of 2 teachers per class, in addition sorts to the education agencies in the territo- - Seminars to study more in depth intelligence" typical of many young people, to: 1 physical education teacher; 1 English ry in order to expand its educational offer. The optional subjects in the curriculum, who find in the Vocational Training Centre language teacher; 1 religion teacher or 1 eth- families and social parties participate in the including subjects requested by large the reasons to acquire the skills necessary ics, culture and society teacher, based on the management of the lower secondary school groups of students. to consciously enter the production process. families' choice; any support teachers, as es- through the School Council and the Class In addition, educational modules are or- Currently, basic qualification courses (lasting tablished each year by the Technical Commis- Councils, as well as through constant collab- ganized to enhance knowledge and improve three years) are offered in the following sec- sion. oration with the students' families. school success: tors: industry and handicraft, services, per- The elementary school is based on collegial At the age of 14, children start upper second- - Preparatory activities, which take sonal care services and catering. decision-making and on the democratic par- ary school, which lasts five years and is free place in the ten days preceding the of- ticipation of the families and the social parties of charge. In the Republic of San Marino, the ficial start of classes; in the management of the school. Moreover, it Law governing the Right to Education is ap- - Ongoing enhancement activities or- is open to dialogue with other schools, the Mi- plied starting from this school level. This Law ganized during the school year, in ad-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 4 54 — 55 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR that need to be addressed in an interdisci- - San Marino civic culture: the symbols qualified school, teachers should not be con- SAN MARINO SCHOOLS plinary way, as they relate to fundamental of the Republic; civil celebrations; San cerned only with the results achieved by stu- aspects of democratic societies, such as cul- Marino institutional bodies and their dents in their subject and completely ignore In the 2019/2020 school year, the New Curric- tural heterogeneity and sustainable develop- evolution; institutional places, origins the overall results of the entire class and the ula for pupils and students aged 0-18 start- ment in local and global terms. and functions of the military corps; re- transversal educational elements that char- ed to be tested in San Marino’s education lations with international bodies; the acterize the learning environment. The over- and training system. In particular, the two Education to sustainable development, gen- Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights and all well-being of pupils and students, the so- interdisciplinary curricula “Citizenship Com- der education, human rights, global citizen- Fundamental Principles of San Marino cial climate and transversal citizenship skills petences” and “Digital Competences” were ship, the culture of peace and non-violence Constitutional Order; should be addressed. adopted. and other topics are directly integrated into - Globalization and migration: history the vertical curriculum from 0 to 18 years of Knowledge in schools increasingly lies in the of migration; women and migration; age of Education to Citizenship. TRAINING AND REFRESHER COURSES FOR ability to organize and interconnect knowl- media and migration; multicultural TEACHERS IN SAN MARINO SCHOOLS edge in a holistic view of culture through com- The culture of citizenship must be nurtured societies; conflicts and geopolitics; petence-oriented learning processes. from the earliest years of life by choosing ex- peace and non-violence processes; Today’s teachers must perceive themselves as amples, tools and methods that suit the dif- poverty and inequality in the global members of a working group entrusted with The need for an interdisciplinary approach to ferent stages of development. The following world; neoliberalism and new poverty; an overall training project, in which everyone curricula, and consequently to teaching, is are some of the core issues on which reflec- - North and south of the world: imbal- is a stakeholder. The professional community nowadays a widespread social demand, due tion and research activities are carried out ances in access to material and cul- is entrusted with the priority task of building to epistemological-scientific, pedagogical-di- throughout the curriculum. They are not ex- tural resources; new forms of slavery; learning environments. Therefore, teachers dactic and ethical-social reasons. Therefore, haustive of the multiplicity of contents that child labor; industrial production/nat- need both individual and collective skills to the New Curricula for San Marino schools fol- characterize the wide scope of education to ural cycles; consumer society; critical succeed in this task. To this end, San Marino lows two integrated approaches. citizenship, but should be considered only as consumption; fair trade; education system envisages both initial and The first approach proposes that teachers of examples from which teachers start to build a - Monocultures/Biodiversity: sustain- in-service training for teachers. the individual subjects should adopt as far as project capable of developing and promoting able lifestyles; biodiversity erosion; Initial training provides teachers with skills possible teaching planning models enhancing the competence goals and learning objectives deforestation; global market; GMOs; related to the culture of school practice to en- the links among the knowledge items cov- envisaged for each school level: environmental impact reduction; able them to acquire appropriate professional ered. This can be facilitated by adopting com- - Human dignity and human rights: eco-social system; qualities. Initial training also aims at filling the petence targets, which by their very nature, children's rights; human rights; "third - Legality and social justice: mafia and historical gap between disciplinary skills and being linked to experience, tend to break out generation" rights; rights of persons anti-mafia; citizenship and subser- pedagogical, didactic and psychological pro- of the rigid boundaries of mono-disciplinarity. with disabilities; inclusive society; in- vience; right to beauty; memory and fessional skills. In-service training programs, ternational charters and conventions, commitment. The second approach identifies two specific which are compulsory, include theoretical individual identities and planetary citi- areas - Citizenship Competences and Digital In addressing the above-mentioned issues, reflection, but priority is given to operation- zenship; Competences - which are not entrusted to in- San Marino schools encourage experiences of al activities, thus putting new knowledge to - Otherness and relations: asymmet- dividual teachers, but to class councils when in which students assume the test. On-site experiments are promot- rical relations (otherness/subalterni- planning activities, thus maximizing the need direct responsibility, thus creating forms of ed through accompanying activities, where ty, gender relations); being together to build interconnections among subjects. school democracy that stimulate individuals teachers' professional associations and uni- (from rule to law); processes of cross- and groups to become protagonists. Citizen- versities are involved. Both education areas are not exclusively at- breeding of cultures; exclusion and ship should not be taught, but lived. tributable to individual subjects, but they inclusion (marginalization as different Culture always remains an important aspect of involve the training responsibility of every social treatment); stereotypes and The role of teachers in San Marino communi- teachers’ professional skills. However, there teacher and require the contribution of all prejudices; ty is therefore fundamental. The profession of is also a social aspect, which corresponds disciplinary approaches. - Gender citizenship: gender identity teachers and of all persons performing tech- to awareness of the new role of schools. In- and differences: gender violence; af- nical and educational functions in the school deed, in the information and knowledge soci- In particular, education to citizenship encom- fectivity and conscious sexuality; context is constantly evolving. To have a ety, schools are entrusted with a complex and passes a range of broad and complex topics

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 4 56 — 57 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW problematic function, namely guaranteeing and social professionals who base their activ- success in learning and the achievement of ity on study, research, reflection and collegial personal educational goals for all students. cooperation with the group of professionals to This is the response to the right of all citizens which they belong. to equality and diversity. Schools aim at re- moving all obstacles that prevent or limit full personal and social fulfilment of individuals and of the community in which they operate. In the light of the above, the priority tasks of schools at all levels are being redefined. Such tasks relate both to the learning of knowledge and the development of skills and to students’ socialization. For this reason, schools’ role in the territory goes beyond classrooms and school hours and pursues education in all its forms, in collaboration with other public and private services in the territory and with stu- dents' families. As a consequence, in addition to the tradi- tional professional dimension of teachers, centered mainly on the possession of specif- ic disciplinary and teaching skills, they also have, in structural terms, a social dimen- sion, aimed at supporting the broader task of schools. Indeed, any teacher, both alone and together with colleagues, is called upon to relate to the students' parents; to develop and communicate messages of social, educa- tional and cultural promotion, addressed to the families and the territory; to collaborate with all stakeholders the school addresses, and who affect the students’ quality of life; to plan and document individual and group pro- grams. These skills refer to different disciplinary sec- tors (pedagogical, psychological, sociologi- cal, anthropological, communication). They are to be achieved as a matter of priority in initial and in-service training, through an ap- proach that links theoretical teaching with laboratory-based apprenticeship. In this re- gard, teachers are assumed to be intellectual

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 4 58 — 59 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 60 — 61 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 5

↗ IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO TELEPHONE SUPPORT IS OFFERED TO VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE (PROVIDING INFORMATION ON AVAILABLE SERVICES AND THE DYNAMICS OF VIOLENCE) THROUGH A TELEPHONE NUMBER THAT IS ACTIVE THERE IS A NEED TO INCREASE ↘ 24 HOURS A DAY, SEVEN DAYS A FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO SUPPORT WEEK. LEGAL COSTS FOR THE DEFENSE OF VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE, AS WELL AS FOR COSTS NECESSARY TO INITIATE OR PARTICIPATE IN COURT ↗ TECUM APP ALLOWS USERS TO PROCEEDINGS, INCLUDING FOR REGISTER THEIR PHONE NUMBER, EXPERT OPINIONS TO PROTECT FIRST AND LAST NAME AND GPS VICTIMS. POSITION, RECORD AUDIO MESSAGES EVEN WHEN THE PHONE IS LOCKED OR ACTIVATE BACKGROUND APPLICATIONS AND, IF NECESSARY, WE ARE COMMITTED TO ↘ CALL THE EMERGENCY NUMBER. STRENGTHENING SOCIAL SUPPORT, MOREOVER, THROUGH THIS APP IT PROTECTION, EDUCATION, IS POSSIBLE TO CONSULT PERSONAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND JOB GOAL SERVICES, LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS PLACEMENT, AS WELL AS THE SOCIAL AND ALL USEFUL INFORMATION ON REINTEGRATION OF VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN SAN MARINO. VIOLENCE IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR BY THE .

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 5COGNOME 62 — 63 /5VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Republic of San Marino has proved to be equality and equal opportunities; participates particularly attentive to the prevention and with one of its representatives, in an adviso- elimination of violence against women and ry capacity, in the meetings of the Permanent gender violence through a legislative pro- Parliamentary Commissions when report- cess which began in 2008 with Law no. 97 of ing on the draft laws that the Presidents of 20 June 2008, "Prevention and elimination of these Commissions consider relevant to legal violence against women and gender violence" equality and equal opportunities; promotes and continued with the ratification of the controls on the correct application of the rel- Council of Europe Convention on Preventing evant regulations and guidelines decided by and Combating Violence Against Women and the Great and General Council on legal equal- Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) in ity and equal opportunities; collects and ver- April 2014, transposed by Law no. 57 of 6 May ifies the complaints filed by individuals and 2016 "Rules adjusting San Marino legal sys- associations concerning legal equality and tem to the provisions of the Council of Europe equal opportunities; has the right to submit Convention on preventing and combating vio- complaints to the competent bodies; may lence against women and domestic violence". bring a civil action to defend collective inter- ests relating to equal opportunities in civil, This legal framework, together with Delegat- criminal and administrative proceedings; pro- ed Decree no. 60 of 31 May 2012 implementing motes surveys, studies and research, as well Article 4 of Law no. 97 of 20 June 2008, rep- as meetings, seminars and conferences on resents the context within which the Authority legal equality and equal opportunities; pro- for Equal Opportunities performs its function motes, encourages and organizes initiatives of connection, promotion, supervision, assis- aimed at favoring participation of all citizens tance to victims and collection of data on vio- in political, social and economic life based on lence against women and gender violence, in the principle of legal equality and equal op- coordination with the Health Authority, which portunities; regularly promotes the collection also cooperates in the production of statisti- and dissemination of data and information on cal data. the implementation of the principle of legal In 2004 San Marino established the Commis- equality and equal opportunities; participates sion for Equal Opportunities, which is ap- in the works of international bodies dealing pointed by the Great and General Council for with legal equality and equal opportunities. the entire . In 2008, the Republic of San Marino estab- Among its competences and functions, the lished the Authority for Equal Opportunities, Commission for Equal Opportunities: sug- which is appointed by the Great and General gests to the competent institutional bodies Council and remains in office for four years. the initiatives necessary to guarantee full le- The Authority is composed of three members gal equality and equal opportunities; drafts chosen from among legal experts, represent- proposals and promotes initiatives to bring atives of NGOs active in the field of equal the legal system in line with the principles of opportunities and experts in communication legal equality and equal opportunities; deliv- and psychology. The Authority performs func- ers advisory opinions on draft laws already tions in the field of prevention and elimination submitted for the first reading and before of violence against women and gender vio- their discussion at second reading with re- lence, for which it replaces the Commission gard to compliance with the principle of legal for Equal Opportunities.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 5 64 — 65 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Authority assists the Commission for These provisions envisage a legal and admin- necessary to promote studies to identify the women who experienced violence in 2019, Equal Opportunities in the performance of the istrative office in autonomous and suitable population at risk. calculated on the basis of data collected by following functions and tasks: suggesting to premises, as well as the establishment of a the Authority for Equal Opportunities. The following table shows the percentage of the relevant institutional bodies the initiatives Fund dedicated to the assistance of victims. necessary to ensure full legal equality and In addition, in order to fully adapt San Mari- equal opportunities; submitting complaints no legislation to the Istanbul Convention, the Percentage of women aged 18-70 who experienced physical or sexual 0.2% to the competent bodies, which are required new legislative text provides for the creation violence by a partner or former partner in 2019 to respond; promoting surveys, studies and of a free and continuous telephone helpline, research, as well as meetings, seminars and which has been set up in cooperation with the conferences on legal equality and equal op- Police Forces and the Counselling Centre. Percentage of women aged 18-70 who experienced physical or sexual 0.03% portunities; promoting, encouraging and violence by a non-partner in 2019 organizing initiatives aimed at favoring the Memoranda of understanding are also en- participation of all citizens in political, social visaged with the Association of Lawyers and and economic life on the basis of the princi- Notaries for legal assistance and with the As- ple of legal equality and equal opportunities; sociation of Psychologists for advice, training EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TRAINING promoting the collection and dissemination of and the provision of psychological services, After the general elections in December 2019, With regard to training, Delegated Decree no. data and information on the implementation as well as agreements for the rehabilitation 20 out of 60 members of the Great and Gener- 60 of 31 May 2012 (Art. 4) entrusts the De- of the principle of legal equality and equal op- of abusers. In this case, an agreement was al Council are female, namely 33.3%. partment of Human Sciences of the Universi- portunities, by resorting to public entities and signed between the Directorate General of the ty of the Republic of San Marino with the or- bodies and using communication, press, radio SSI and a private association dealing with this With regard to local representation on the ter- ganization of compulsory vocational training and television broadcasting, IT and electronic matter. ritory, worth recalling is that San Marino ter- courses, in coordination with the Authority for means; participating in the works of interna- ritory is divided into territorial San Marino legislation also provides for the Equal Opportunities. tional bodies dealing with legal equality and called “Castelli”, namely areas of the territory implementation of protocols for the entry or equal opportunities. It also collects data on which are granted administrative autonomy. Therefore, since 2012 several awareness-rais- reintegration of victims into the labor market. violence against women and gender violence The territory of the ancient Republic of San ing and training activities have been carried every six months and draws up an annual Marino is divided into 9 townships, each of out. Awareness-raising activities were ad- report, which is publicly disseminated and VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN which is led by a Township Council. In addi- dressed to citizens and included conferenc- available on the SSI website. tion to managing services to be provided to es, seminars, debates and cultural initiatives In each department and operational unit, citizens, Township Councils have the duty to such as theatre performances and film dis- In recent years, the Authority has carried out the SSI ensures the presence of a doctor or involve the inhabitants in the promotion and cussions addressing gender issues and vio- information and awareness-raising activities a contact person for violence against wom- organization of cultural activities. Each Town- lence against women, with the aim of reaching on the existence of the relevant Law and has en, who are gathered in a working group. The ship Council is led by a Head of the Township different target groups. Training courses were promoted, through the General Directorate of coordinator of such group, who collaborates Council, while at State level coordination be- aimed at teachers, law enforcement officers, the SSI, the conclusion of important agree- with the Authority and the Commission for tween the Councils and State bodies is a re- social and welfare service workers and mem- ments with some reception facilities outside Equal Opportunities and the Police Forces, sponsibility of the Township Council Office. bers of professional associations (psycholo- the territory. Violence is close at hand, affects is appointed by the SSI Executive Committee Every five years, all residents over the age of gists and lawyers). The courses organized had all of us, is present in places where we should through an official decision. The aim of the 18 are called to the polls to elect the Township a common part for all the operators covered theoretically feel most protected (at home, at working group is to ensure a support network Council and the Head of the Township Council by the above-mentioned Delegated Decree school, at work) and is perpetrated by peo- for women victims of violence by actively re- of their “Castello”. “Castelli” with more than and a specific program for the various pro- ple who are often part of the family or circle porting the violence to the competent bodies 2000 inhabitants have Township Councils fessional categories. The courses addressed of friends. and sending the victims to a dedicated help composed of 9 members and those with fewer legislative aspects and the issues of culture desk. Over the years, this has made it possi- Delegated Decree no. 56 of 17 May 2018 intro- inhabitants of 7 members. Out of a total of 79 and violence through a pedagogical and soci- ble to monitor and identify women who have duced provisions for the operational autono- representatives, 25 are women (31.6%) and 54 ological approach, as well as violence against suffered physical or psychological violence my of the Authority for Equal Opportunities. are men. minors. at an increasingly early stage. However, it is

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 5 66 — 67 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW In addition to these activities, initiatives con- cerning violence prevention and promotion of psychophysical well-being are also carried out every year in schools. Among the various initiatives, worth highlighting is the project "Education to health, affectivity and sexuality" aimed at the 5th year of elementary schools, 3rd year of lower secondary schools, 2nd year of upper secondary schools and 2nd year of the Vocational Training Centre. This project is carried out by a team of professionals consist- ing of a gynecologist, an andrologist, an ob- stetrician and a psychologist. Finally, in line with the mission of the health system as described in Goal 3, access to sex- ual and reproductive health and to repro- ductive rights is guaranteed and free for all. "Spazio Giovani" (Youth Space) also provides adolescents a gynecology and andrology clin- ic and a psychological counselling desk for re- lational and sexual problems. The above clin- ic and desk are open to girls and boys up to the age of 21 who need counselling on sexual, health, prevention and contraception issues.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 5 68 — 69 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 6

↗ 100% OF THE POPULATION HAS ACCESS TO A SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING WATER SERVICE THAT ENSURES HIGH QUALITY STANDARDS FOR OROGRAPHIC OR TECHNICAL ↘ THROUGH CAREFUL MONITORING. REASONS, SOME AREAS ARE NOT SERVED BY A FOUL WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM. IT IS NECESSARY TO EXTEND THE WASTE WATER COLLECTION NETWORK THROUGHOUT THE TERRITORY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE SINCE THE 2000S, THE THE QUALITY OF WATERCOURSES. ↗ SEPARATION OF FOUL AND STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED. FROM 2021, THE DISCHARGE OF INDUSTRIAL ↘ SAN MARINO IS 100% WASTE WATER INTO WATERCOURSES DEPENDENT ON FOREIGN WATER IS PROHIBITED. SUPPLIES THROUGH AGREEMENTS GOAL AND CONVENTIONS WITH ITALY. THE AIM IS TO REDUCE CONSUMPTION AND NETWORK LOSSES, EXPLOIT INTERNAL WATER RESOURCES AND BUILD UP WATER RESERVES IN THE TERRITORY.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 6COGNOME 70 — 71 /6VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW With regard to the availability of drinking wa- aged drinking water service, uses sanitation ACTIVE SUBSTANCE U.of M. ANNUAL MAXIMUM AUSA SAN MARANO ter and sanitation, San Marino, like most of services and systems of contact separation AVERAGE ADMISSIBLE TORRENT MARINO TORRENT the countries in the European region, is able from foul water, and has access to sanitation VALUE CONCENTRATION TORRENT to guarantee high standards to the entire res- services, with the possibility of hand washing (SQA-MA) (SQA-MAC) ident population. Several public services are with soap and water. 2,4'-DDD µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 involved in the provision and control of drink- 2,4'-DDE µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 In 2019, in San Marino the percentage of treat- ing water and sanitation, such as the Territo- ed waste water reached 89% (compared to 2,4'-DDT µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 ry and Health Department and the managing 78% in 2015), for a total of 2,547,272 cubic body of the Integrated Water Service, namely 2,4'-DDD µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 meters. the Public Utilities Autonomous State Corpo- 2,4'-DDE µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 ration. In collaboration with other State ser- WATER QUALITY 2,4'-DDT µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 vices, thorough quality controls are constant- ly carried out on a random basis throughout The monitoring carried out in 2019 on the DDT TOTALE µg/L 0,025 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 the territory. The Social Security Institute col- nutrients of the 3 San Marino watercourses p,p'-DDT µg/L 0,01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 laborates with its own professionals in infor- (Ausa, San Marino and Marano), in relation Alachlor µg/L 0,3 0,7 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 mation and training campaigns addressed to to the law in force which identifies a 5-level the population. scale of indicators (Level 1: Excellent, Level 2: Aldrin µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Good, Level 3: Sufficient, Level 4: Poor, Level In the event of drinking water pollution, if the Dieldrin µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 5: Bad) shows trophism levels in watercours- 0,01 limits established by law are not respected, Endrin µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 es, which definitely need to be improved: the Prevention Service, as part of its control Isodrin µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 and monitoring activities, sanctions those re- With regard to the presence of plant protec- sponsible and informs the competent offices tion products, the following table (Table 1) Endosulfan Alfa µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 of the sanctions imposed. The Office for Pre- shows the list of substances sought in 2019 Endosulfan Beta µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 vention and Environment, the Prevention De- with respect to the regulatory limits indicated Esaclorobenzene µg/L 0,01 0,05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 partment and the Civil Protection also play an in Directive 2000/60/EC. Worth noting is that important role in terms of control of the sew- the average concentration of the substances HCH Alfa µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 age network. sought is completely negligible in all three HCH Beta µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 monitored watercourses. The sum of the con- HCH Delta µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER centrations of the substances found was well AND ADEQUATE SANITATION below 1 μg/l. Lindano (HCH Gamma) µg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 In the Republic of San Marino, the entire pop- Pentaclorobenzene µg/L 0,007 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 ulation (100%) has access to a safely man- Trifluralin µg/L 0,03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Altrazina µg/L 0,6 2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

CLORFENVINFOS µg/L 0,1 0,3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

CLORPIRYPHOS ETILE µg/L 0,03 0,1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Ausa San Marino Marano Diuron µg/L 0,2 1,8 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Nitrate nitrogen (NO3) Level 3 Level 3 Level 2 Isoproturon µg/L 0,3 1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Simazina µg/L 1 4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Ammonia Level 5 Level 5 Level 5 nitrogen (NH4) Total phosphorus Level 5 Level 4 Level 3

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 6 72 — 73 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Republic of San Marino intends to protect collected and distributed to citizens' homes Fish check-list and local status in the Republic of San Marino and restore water-related ecosystems. Water as drinking water. quality will have to be improved and water Scientific name/common name STATUS (RSM) To date, the Republic of San Marino has never pollution reduced, especially that generated authorized any discharge of industrial waste Leuciscus souffia Souffia EN by hazardous chemicals. water into watercourses. Compared to what Barbus plebejus Italian barbel CR Our watercourses are mainly torrents, which was previously in force with the "Environmen- do not guarantee adequate dilution and deg- tal Code" (Delegated Decree no. 44/2012), Rutilus rubilio Rovella EN radation of organic matter. Therefore, dis- and similarly to what is provided for by Ital- Leuciscus cephalus Chub EN charges into watercourses present problems ian legislation, San Marino has recently made very similar to discharges into land, which some regulatory amendments with Delegated Cobitis taenia Spined loach CR have to comply with considerably lower pol- Decree no. 91/2021, introducing a de facto ban Anguilla anguilla Eel EN lutant limits in order to be authorized. Indeed, on the discharge of industrial waste water into in such situations the discharge often takes our torrents. Thanks to this legislative meas- Chondrostoma genei South European nase RE place in the dry torrent bed, with the risk of ure, which is a major step forward, industrial Barbus caninus Brook barbel CR possible degradation of the discharge area processing water can no longer be discharged and consequent stagnation of the waste wa- into watercourses, but has to be channeled ter and paludification of the soil. Finally, even exclusively into the public sewerage system, AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SUITABLE fia, Italian barbel, chub and spined loach) and more importantly, San Marino torrent flows and the relevant environmental tax has to be FOR FISH LIFE one species of high ecological value (eel). The into the river, from which water is paid at the same time. rovella, also belonging to the family of current Despite its limited territorial extension, the water cyprinids, is to be considered transfau- Republic of San Marino has an extremely var- nated to Romagna and, from the monitoring ied territory both from a geomorphologic and carried out in the last two years (2019-2020) hydrographic point of view. The main water- it seems to be in strong regression. In 2018, courses have very different environmental a brook barbel population was identified in characteristics, despite being geographical- the upper part of San Marino torrent. It is an ly very close to each other. Indeed, in terms extremely rare and localized small benthic or- of morphological and hydraulic conditions, ganism, which is certainly worthy of absolute Canepa ditch is typical of mountains, San Ma- protection and further study. All indigenous rino and Marano torrents of hills and Ausa tor- habitats and fish species in running waters rent of plain areas. may be considered to be in poor conserva- During several research activities carried out tion status (EN) and for some of them there is in the decade 2010-2020 in the natural envi- an imminent danger of local extinction (CR), ronments of running waters, 7 species were as was the case for the South European nase found, of which 6 were indigenous and 1 trans- (Chondrostoma genei), which was last found faunated. in the 1990s (RE). Habitat improvement and population restocking projects and the rein- A number of other anthropogenic non-in- troduction of species, as was the case for the digenous species also live in artificial envi- South European nase, are therefore ongoing ronments (small ponds, recreational fishing to try to stop the loss of fish biodiversity. lakes). The progressive reduction of fish (and am- The list of indigenous fish species found in- phibian) populations in watercourses in re- cludes five species belonging to the family of cent decades is partly due to climate change current water cyprinids (brook barbel, souf- resulting in prolonged dry periods in summer

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 6 74 — 75 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW and autumn, as well as to a general deteri- d) Safeguarding or restoring environmental 6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management implementation oration in surface water quality because of areas particularly valuable for the fish, such (0-100) in San Marino, score by dimension (2017) recurrent sewage discharges and impassable as spawning and refuge areas, with the exclu- Overall thresholds. Considering the current general sion of any structural intervention in the river- 60 situation of fish present in San Marino ter- bed during the spawning period of cyprinids ritory, structural interventions for environ- (April-June). 40 mental restoration are absolutely essential. Financing Enabling environment Moreover, in order to achieve an integrated 20 WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABLE and multidisciplinary approach to the man- 0 ABSTRACTION AND SUPPLY agement of watercourses, the following Tech- nical Rules Implementing the Detailed Plan of Of the 3,592,856 cubic meters of water inject- Protected Natural Areas have been adopted. ed into the network, 2,821,049 cubic meters are actually delivered, which is equivalent to Preserving and/or restoring the naturalness a water system efficiency of 78.51%, slight- conditions of these important elements of Management instruments Institutions and participation ly better than the surrounding area (cen- San Marino landscape is fundamental for the tral-southern Italy), Network monitoring and protection and enhancement of the territory, Mount Titano is predominantly characterized sessed taking into account also the solutions improvements are the responsibility of the whose ecological functionality must be en- by clay soils and a modest rainfall index. It available today to reduce consumption) were Water and Gas Service. sured through the following: is crossed by a few watercourses, which are compared with the amount of present and fu- mainly low-flow torrents. Because of these ture water available, in order to identify the a) Preserving and/or restoring the physical INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES characteristics, Mount Titano has been char- current problems and possible solutions. and biological diversity of the river environ- MANAGEMENT acterized over the centuries by an “ancient Therefore, an Action Plan was developed to ment by maintaining and/or recovering the thirst”. For the people of San Marino, water include (structural and non-structural) in- natural physical characteristics of the river- Integrated Water Resources Management was has always been a precious good to be safe- terventions necessary to achieve the service bed with the use of natural materials for officially established in 1992 and is defined as guarded and protected. quality objectives set by the Public Utilities and bed works. Any works for the cleaning "a process which promotes the coordinated Autonomous State Corporation. In particu- Over the centuries, the population has in- of the riverbed, improvement of the hydrau- development and management of water, land lar, the study highlighted the vulnerability of creased and the Republic has had to get wa- lic regime and re-profiling of the riverbed, as and related resources, in order to maximize some currently used sources, whose availa- ter from different sources, from the "historic" well as interventions on the vegetation, will the resultant economic and social welfare in bility is expected to be reduced in the future. springs of Canepa, and , have to be submitted to the Technical Scien- an equitable manner without compromising This highlighted the need to implement meas- to San Marino Stream and then Marecchia tific Committee, after obtaining the opinion of the sustainability of vital ecosystems". ures for a decisive reduction in consumption, river, until 1989 when a supply contract was San Marino Naturalistic Centre; through strict regulation of use and refined As a contribution to the integrated water re- signed with the manager of the Ridracoli res- saving techniques (such as separate networks b) Preserving the natural longitudinal biolog- sources management, Regulation no. 1 of 22 ervoir (i.e. Consorzio dell'Acquedotto di Ro- for the reuse of rainwater). However, these ical continuity of watercourses and/or reduc- January 2019 has introduced in San Marino magna) for the provision of 500,000 m³ of measures alone cannot ensure that water ing discontinuity by building passages for the and regulates the Integrated Water Service. water a year. In addition, towards the end of demands are met, and new supply sources fish in order to guarantee also their repro- This service is added to the Environmental 1996, an agreement was signed with the Ri- are needed. Since there are no other sources ductive movements (fish ladders, fish ramps, Code - Delegated Decree no. 44 of 27 April mini water service provider for the supply of available, in addition to those already used, etc.); 2012 and identifies all the regulatory and con- 150,000 m³ per year. trol instruments provided for by this indica- capable of guaranteeing the required water c) Maintaining and/or restoring ecotonal buff- tor. It is therefore expected that this indicator, However, San Marino's thirst for water re- supply, a feasibility study was carried out for er strips from the outer edges of the riverbeds which currently stands at an "overall" value of mains, and is felt in particularly dry years. In the construction of a reservoir in San Marino bordering the watercourses. These buffer 70, will soon be rated as High (71-90). 2008, an in-depth study was carried out by the Stream, capable of storing water during peri- strips play an important role in linking the Public Utilities Autonomous State Corporation ods of greatest abundance thereof. It is a 1.5 various protected areas, by also providing a to try to solve the constant water resources million m³ reservoir capable of storing water corridor for the passage of fauna; deficit in the territory. Water need data (as- from San Marino Stream during periods of

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 6 76 — 77 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW abundance and making it available in times of - Canepa-Pennarossa-Castellaro Nature need. Together with other smaller and wide- Reserve. spread interventions, such as water-saving The importance of these areas is due to the measures, this reservoir would make it possi- preservation of a certain degree of natural- ble to address current and future shortages of ness, which still guarantees a good ecologi- supply sources. The detailed research carried cal functionality and the presence of habitats out has made it possible to identify innovative suitable for hosting a rich biodiversity, with solutions to make this work feasible from a particular reference to species related to technical, economic and environmental point aquatic environments. of view. Moreover, it enabled to understand the problems linked to the nature of the sub- soil and therefore to identify the construction techniques required to build the dam and the interventions needed to solve the problems relating to slope stability and filtration. Among the objectives of the Public Utilities Autonomous State Corporation, as manager of the Integrated Water Service, is the estab- lishment of the water balance and the flow rates of the three main hydrographic basins in San Marino territory (Ausa torrent, Marano torrent and San Marino torrent), also in the context of the research carried out within the University of San Marino (UNIRSM), with the collaboration of Professor Stefano Orlandini: "Sustainable Use of Water Resources and Hy- draulic Safety in the Republic of San Marino". San Marino is in any case entirely depend- ent on water from cross-border reservoirs, springs and aquifers, 100% of which are cov- ered by existing agreements and conventions. In the Republic of San Marino there are no in- ternationally relevant protected areas, both due to the limited territory and because the country has not acceded, for example, to the Ramsar Convention. However, there are sev- eral Nature Reserves that are important and protected at national level. In particular: - Gorgascura Gorge Integral Nature Reserve - Fiumicello Stream Nature Reserve - Nature Reserve of Marano torrent’s Gypsums - Ditch Nature Reserve

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 6 78 — 79 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 7

↗ THANKS TO ITS SMALL SIZE, SAN MARINO HAS A REAL CHANCE, UNLIKE MANY OTHER STATES, TO BECOME ONE OF THE FIRST CARBON- ↘ SAN MARINO IS DEPENDENT NEUTRAL OR EVEN CARBON- ON ENERGY SUPPLY FROM ABROAD. NEGATIVE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD. THE AIM FOR THE FUTURE IS TO ACHIEVE ENERGY IN THE MEDIUM TERM WITH REGARD TO ELECTRICITY AND HEAT REQUIREMENTS AND CONSUMPTION. ↗ THE REPUBLIC NOW HAS AN EFFECTIVE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND A QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ADEQUATE TEAM OF TECHNICAL EXPERTS IN ENERGY MATTERS. ↘ DUE TO SAN MARINO’S PARTICULAR PHYSICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, ONLY CERTAIN TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES GOAL CAN BE PROMOTED, SUCH AS SOLAR THERMAL, SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND BIOMASS ENERGY.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 7COGNOME 80 — 81 /7VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Republic now has an effective legal frame- outside the organized and standardized mar- As the table shows, the first rapid expansion of 25 June 2009, then optimized by Delegated work and a qualitatively and quantitatively ket - through a bilateral contract with an elec- of photovoltaic systems began in 2010 and Decree no. 158 of 21 September 2010. adequate team of technical experts in ener- tricity trader/wholesaler, at a sale price di- 2011 with the establishment of the Feed-in The graphs below show the growth over time gy matters (certifiers and energy auditors), rectly negotiated with this party, which settles Tariff introduced by Delegated Decree no. 92 of photovoltaic installations in the Republic. as well as fully operational reference services with Terna S.p.A. (the owner of the Italian na- and offices, such as the One-Stop-Shop for the tional transmission grid) all fees deriving from Building Sector, Energy Section. In addition, the energy "dispatching" service. The supply over the years the initiatives to promote pho- of natural gas in the Republic of San Marino tovoltaic systems, both domestic and medium has always been entrusted to ENI S.p.A. The power plants, have had a significant and rap- Public Utilities Autonomous State Corporation idly growing success. This has led to a grad- is the sole distributor of energy and water ser- ual reduction in and normalization of incen- vices and all economic and consumption data tives thanks to the slow but steady spread of are provided by its Commercial Office. "green" culture among the population. Since the Republic of San Marino does not San Marino is totally dependent on the im- have its own energy resources, renewable en- port of energy from abroad: gas, electricity ergy sources (RES) are the only viable alter- and fossil fuels are purchased, and there are native to ensure a minimum of energy inde- no energy production plants in the territory, pendence for the country. In particular, given As of 31 July 2020, the country had: except for a modest production of electricity the territorial and climatic conditions of the through photovoltaic systems, which started country, solar thermal, solar photovoltaic and Total installations: 1,513 (11,861.40 kWptot) Private installations: 1,303 (6,167.80 kWp ≡ 52%) in 2011. Therefore, the Republic of San Marino biomass energy should be encouraged. With Companies/entities installations: 210 (5,693.60 kWp ≡ 48%) is almost exclusively an importer/consumer of regard to biomass energy, particular atten- energy from abroad. tion should be paid to small-scale gasification Since 2010, the Public Utilities Autonomous plants (no more than 100 kWe), which can be According to estimates made by the Public If we make a distinction between private in- State Corporation has been a wholesaler in easily installed in small and medium-sized Utilities Autonomous State Corporation, the stallations and companies/entities installa- the electricity market. It can purchase elec- enterprises or in agricultural consortia, with total share of photovoltaic production as of 14 tions, the share is broken down as follows: tricity directly on the power exchange through very low costs, high profits and practically no September 2020 was 4.4%. its regulated bidding system, or on the so- environmental impact. called over-the-counter (OTC) market - i.e. Share of photovoltaic production by private installations to total energy demand 5.8% Share of photovoltaic production by companies/entities to total energy demand 3.6% SUMMARY TABLE OF R.S.M. ENERGY NEEDS AND INCIDENCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY YEAR Imported Energy Total energy Photovoltaic Maximum Installed PV Percentage of energy produced by demand energy as a imported power power from PV photovoltaics R.S.M. percentage of power on maximum total demand power (%) (kWp) (%) (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) (KW) 2010 272.040.890 1.217 272.042.107 0,00 57.710 24 0,04 2011 270.173.009 589.133 270.762.142 0,22 57.765 1.545 2,67 2012 262.895.688 3.155.053 267.050.741 1,18 55.755 4.423 7,93 2013 256.824.194 6.034.852 262.859.046 2,30 52.875 6.407 12,12 2014 251.933.900 7.348.754 259.282.654 2,83 48.720 7.150 14,68 2015 256.646.390 8.457.145 265.103.535 3,19 53.400 8.588 16,08 2016 255.462.074 9.362.405 264.824.479 3,54 51.600 8.821 17,09 2017 258.001.775 9.865.327 267.867.102 3,68 48.750 9.396 19,27 2018 259.771.230 10.405.877 270.177.107 3,85 51.300 10.179 19,84 2019 260.330.341 12.095.450 272.425.791 4,44 52.500 11.204 21,34

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 7 82 — 83 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW LEGISLATION AND PLANNING specified its content in terms of implementa- efficiency, reducing mentioned above, on the reduction of energy tion (see table below). and encouraging the use of renewable energy and water consumption and on the produc- The legislation on energy saving promotes sources and similar sources. tion in the territory of energy from renewable and encourages energy efficiency of build- DELEGATED DECREES ISSUED sources), includes the following: ings, also thanks to the introduction of energy This legislation paves the way for future initi- FOLLOWING LAW NO. 72/2008 auditing, including for industrial plants, ac- atives and business activities related to Green a) San Marino's energy balance; cording to a multi-year National Energy Plan. Law no. 72/2008 redefined the compe- Economy, which has always been supported b) Annual greenhouse gas emission balances Renewable energy sources (RES) and energy tences and functions of the Regulatory by San Marino Institutions. drawn up in accordance with the guidelines efficiency are mainly promoted by encourag- Authority for Public Services and Energy. developed by the UN within the IPCC (Inter- All Budget Laws from 2010 to 2016, approved ing the installation of photovoltaic and solar This Law was followed by implementing governmental Panel on Climate Change); by the Great and General Council, confirmed thermal plants, heat pumps and high-efficien- Delegated Decrees concerning: c) The drafting of the country's energy supply/ the allocation of considerable sums of money cy cogeneration. demand scenarios based on the targets men- - The climatic characteristics of the terri- to cover financial commitments following pol- tioned in points d) and e) below; The great attention paid by Institutions to tory (D.D. no. 88 of 25 June 2009); icies that promote and encourage the use of d) The identification of targets for limiting issues related to environmental impact is - The feed-in of electricity from RES (D.D. energy from renewable sources, as indicated consumption in the construction, agriculture, demonstrated by the fact that, in 2014, the no. 89 of 25 June 2009); in the first and second National Energy Plans industry and transport sectors and household Government adopted the reform of Law no. 72 - The establishment of the Energy Desk (NEP 1 and NEP 2). consumption; of 7 May 2008 on the promotion and enhance- (D.D. no. 91 of 25 June 2009); e) The identification of targets to be pursued ment of energy efficiency in buildings and of - The establishment of the Feed-in Tariff ZERO-EMISSION TARGET in relation to energy production from renewa- renewable energy use in the civil and indus- (D.D. no. 92 of 25 June 2009, subsequently The 2018/2021 National Energy Plan (NEP 3) ble energy sources (RES); trial sectors. amended by D.D. no. 20 of 6 March 2012); currently in force considers as the sole, true f) The report on energy consumption trends in The new Law no. 48 of 3 April 2014 sets the - The definition of energy performance and acceptable objective of the Republic of the Public Administration and on the manage- following objectives: classes of buildings (D.D. no. 126 of 17 Sep- San Marino, in line with the global contents ment of State-owned plants; tember 2009); a) To optimize energy performance of build- and objectives that emerged from the g) The quantification of financial resources to - The establishment of the Energy Certifi- ings, following the logic of a correct and bal- Conference, a transition towards a future of be allocated to interventions for energy sav- ers' Register and the organization of the anced improvement of the overall quality of only renewable energy sources, which must ing and for the construction of both public Service for the Management of Energy buildings, also in terms of hygiene and envi- obviously be as fast as possible. Thanks to its and private plants for the production of en- Procedures (D.D. no. 127 of 21 September ronmental well-being; small territory and population, San Marino ergy from renewable sources or from cogen- 2009); b) To promote the development, enhance- has a real chance, unlike many other States, eration inside or outside the territory of San - The encouragement of energy interven- ment and integration of RES; to become one of the first carbon-neutral or Marino. tions (D.D. no. 128 of 21 September 2009); c) To favor energy diversification both in the even carbon-negative countries in the world. - The energy audit requirement for large NEP 3 indicates the following priority areas of civil and industrial sectors; users (D.D. no. 129 of 21 September 2009); NEP 3 highlights the fact that today time is ripe intervention: d) To regulate the electricity market; - The provisions implementing and and technologies are sufficiently advanced to - Information and involvement e) To encourage the adoption of efficient tech- amending Law no. 72 of 7 May 2008 (D.D. allow San Marino to officially set a much more of citizens. nologies to reduce industrial consumption; no. 84 of 17 July 2012). ambitious objective, namely the achievement - Supporting private and f) To stimulate the production of electricity of energy independence in the medium term residential building interventions from RES and the adoption of efficient tech- Worth mentioning is also Delegated Decree with regard to electricity requirements and - Energy efficiency in public buildings nologies to reduce industrial consumption; no. 129 of 21 September 2009, which made consumption. Equally feasible, although in - Carrying out in-depth energy analyses g) To reduce water consumption in the civil the energy audit mandatory for companies the medium to long term, is the achievement for the industrial sector sector; with total energy requirements (natural gas of total energy independence, including heat - Developing renewable energy h) To curb the emissions of polluting gases and electricity) of more than 200 toe/year. requirements and consumption. sources (RES) and, in particular, of greenhouse gases. Energy audit is a procedure for analyzing a - Modernization of mobility in terms Through the analysis of the current state of The aforementioned Law no. 72/2008 was fol- company's energy requirements aimed at re- of sustainability San Marino energy consumption, the NEP, as lowed by a series of Delegated Decrees that ducing consumption, improving production provided for by Law no. 48/2014 (focusing, as

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 7 84 — 85 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW In line with the NEP and with a view to im- the general social objectives, environmental proving the energy performance of buildings, protection and efficient use of resources, in Chapter III "Incentives for the building sector, accordance with the economic policy guide- energy saving and reduction of seismic risk” of lines falling within the competence of elected the new 2021-2023 Budget Law (Law no. 223 of bodies. 23 December 2020) introduces the so-called To support the Authority, the One-Stop-Shop Ecobonus for the enhancement of energy ef- for the Building Sector, Energy Section has ficiency in existing buildings. The Ecobonus been set up with the task of promoting envi- provides for tax deductions up to a maximum ronmental sustainability through incentives, of 110% for interventions aimed at enhancing the development of renewable energy sourc- energy efficiency in existing buildings. The es, as well as energy efficiency and savings in minimum energy performance requirements the buildings of the Republic of San Marino. for buildings and plants subject to incentives are set out in Annex 2 to Law no. 48/2014. Taken as a whole, they must ensure the im- ONGOING INITIATIVES provement of at least two energy classes of A strategic tool in the field of energy saving the relevant building or, if this is not possible, could be the so-called Low Carbon Ecosys- the achievement of the highest energy class. tem, which was jointly developed by the com- panies DNV GL and VeChain and approved by MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING the Republic of San Marino. This tool uses a public and authorized blockchain platform to The distribution and sale of electricity and gas involve citizens in the goal of becoming the in San Marino are regulated by the Regulato- first carbon-neutral State. The Low Carbon ry Authority for Public Services (currently the Ecosystem promotes responsible behaviors Regulatory Authority for Public Services and among citizens and tourists, thanks to an Energy), established by Law no. 120 of 20 No- incentive mechanism based on carbon cred- vember 2001 with the aim of governing an in- it tokens that can be spent with commercial stitutional form of regulation to ensure public partners. services with adequate levels of quality and at the best economic conditions for households The behaviors to be encouraged are related to and businesses. The Authority’s tasks are the the following areas: following: - Promoting private electric mobility - Encouraging innovative mobility solu- a) Ensuring the homogeneous distribution of tions (car sharing, carpooling, etc.) services throughout the territory, under con- - Using public transport ditions of efficiency and cost-effectiveness, in - Reducing energy and water con- a context suitable to protect users and con- sumption sumers and to provide regulated entities with - Photovoltaic installation a stable regulatory framework, which is es- - Proper waste recycling and manage- sential for the planning of industrial policies; ment b) Defining a tariff system based on predefined - Proper recycling of expired medicines variation criteria and absolute transparency, - Sustainable tourism suitable for harmonizing the economic-finan- cial objectives of the managing bodies with

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 7 86 — 87 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 8

↗ THE ECONOMY OF SAN MARINO HAS DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO A MULTI-VOCATIONAL APPROACH THAT PROMOTES, IN PARTICULAR, HIGH ↘ SAN MARINO PAYS SPECIAL ADDED VALUE SECTORS. ATTENTION TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE TARGETS ENVISAGED BY THIS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL. FOR THIS REASON, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO STRENGTHEN, TOGETHER WITH THE STATISTICAL ↗ A PECULIARITY OF SAN MARINO’S OFFICE, THE PUNCTUAL COLLECTION LABOR MARKET IS THE PRESENCE OF THE RELATED INDICATORS IN SAN OF CROSS-BORDER WORKERS, WHO MARINO’S CONTEXT. ENTER AND EXIT THE BORDER EVERY DAY TO WORK IN THE TERRITORY: TO DATE, CROSS-BORDER WORKERS ARE ↘ IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ABOUT 6,200, CORRESPONDING TO 2030 AGENDA, AN IMPORTANT 32% OF THE LABOR FORCE. GOAL ACHIEVEMENT THAT IS BEING MONITORED CONCERNS THE EXISTENCE OF A NATIONAL YOUTH EMPLOYMENT STRATEGY. THE RELATED INDICATOR CONCERNS THE RATIO OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING DEVOTED TO EMPLOYMENT MEASURES AND SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE UNEMPLOYED TO GDP.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 8COGNOME 88 — 89 /8VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW With a population of about 33,600 inhabit- an single market. Indeed, the customs union GDP a slower rate than before the 2008 financial ants, the Republic of San Marino is one of the established provides for the abolition of both crisis. 2018-2019 GDP variation was positive at From 2000 until the financial crisis, the GDP smallest countries in the world. The economy import and export customs duties and of tax- 2.3%. Pending IMF estimates for 2020, which of the Republic of San Marino showed a con- of San Marino has developed according to a es having equivalent effect in San Marino and are currently unavailable, it can be assumed stant growth trend, with an average annual multi-vocational approach that promotes, the EU. that the decrease in GDP will be less than rate of approximately 6%. These values are in particular, high added value sectors. The 10%, as a result of the measures taken to limit The process of greater integration of San Ma- clearly higher than those of the Euro area and country has a diversified economy based on the spread of COVID-19. Reliable forecasts on rino, as a third State, with the European Un- similar to those recorded by the emerging small and medium enterprises covering the economic developments in the years to come ion has led to the start in March 2015 of the economies. It then declined steadily with the industrial sector, banking and financial servic- are not possible at the moment because of negotiations for the conclusion of one or long-lasting financial crisis that has caused es, trade, tourism, agriculture and handicraft. the considerable uncertainties surrounding more Association Agreements between San a huge loss of about 35 percentage points On a territory of 61 km2 there are approxi- both pandemic developments and policy de- Marino, , and the European since the beginning of 2008. Since 2014, the mately 5,000 economic operators in various cisions. Union. The objective is San Marino’s partici- economy has been expanding again, albeit at sectors, 2,675 companies, 19,969 employees pation in the within a and about 1,712 self-employed (2019 data). well-defined legal basis, with an institutional Thanks to the Cooperation and Customs Un- part and the definition of the four fundamen- ion Agreement signed in 1991, San Marino is tal freedoms concerning persons, services, entitled to trade its goods within the Europe- goods and capital.

Graph 1: --- Annual percentage GDP growth rate (min -11) --- Inflation rate (min 0.5)

10

5

0

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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 8 90 — 91 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Activities of households 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 as employers; undifferentiated goods GROSS VALUE ADDED 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% and services producing activities of households Agriculture, forestry and 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% for own use fishing Manufacturing 31.19% 31.41% 31.01% 34.77% 32.93% EMPLOYMENT At the end of August 2020, the total labor force registered by the IT, Technology, Data Electricity, gas, steam and 0.01% Since 2008 there has been an increase in the and Statistics Office of the Republic of San air conditioning supply general unemployment rate and in the youth Marino was equal to 22,873: 19,890 employed unemployment rate. San Marino population Water supply, sewerage, 0.07% 0.16% 0.15% 0.17% 0.23% (20,177 the year before), 1,664 self-employed waste management and has never been accustomed to these unem- (down from 1,715 in August 2019) and 1,319 un- remediation activities ployment levels, since the rates have been employed (1,283 in August 2019). The gender more than double those of the pre-crisis peri- Construction 3.81% 4.03% 3.97% 4.18% 4.28% gap, which had always been below 3% until od. Since 2015, employment has slowly start- 2008, increased to over 5 percentage points, Wholesale and 12.16% 12.71% 12.96% 12.41% 12.49% ed to rise and unemployment to fall. The COV- showing that the crisis has further worsened trade; repair of motor ID-19 pandemic has reversed the trend and vehicles and motorcycles the situation of women in the labor market. has halted the positive trend the labor market Transportation and 1.60% 2.07% 2.08% 2.55% 2.46% was experiencing. storage Accommodation and food 1.76% 1.89% 2.01% 2.01% 2.14% service activities Source: IT, Information and 4.14% 4.42% 4.36% 4.39% 4.78% Technology, Data communication and Statistics Office Financial and insurance 5.75% 4.64% 5.13% 5.38% 5.17% activities Real estate activities 7.70% 7.63% 7.35% 6.77% 6.80% Professional, scientific and 9.58% 9.24% 9.38% 6.38% 7.20% technical activities Administrative and 2.52% 2.74% 3.03% 2.22% 2.90% support service activities Public administration 15.13% 14.74% 14.31% 14.72% 14.51% and defense; compulsory social security Source: IT, Education 0.08% 0.08% 0.11% 0.09% 0.15% Technology, Data Human health and social 1.26% 1.17% 1.20% 1.19% 1.22% and Statistics Office work activities Arts, entertainment and 2.09% 2.06% 1.90% 1.63% 1.62% recreation Other service activities 1.14% 0.98% 1.03% 1.12% 1.11% Activities of 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% extraterritorial organizations and bodies

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 8 92 — 93 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW While in the early 2000s the age group with younger 19-24 age group. Since 2015, with the The employment rate shown in graph 7 is in- uation of the pandemic and of restrictions, a the highest levels of unemployment was the reduction of the unemployment rate, there stead calculated on the population present further escalation of an unprecedented eco- youngest and the group of workers closest has been an increase in the number of unem- in San Marino over the years and shows the nomic and social crisis is expected. to retirement showed the lowest levels, with ployed people in the older age group, namely social support provided by the employed, i.e. TOURISM the 2008 financial crisis the most affected 49 and over, and a decrease in the younger 15- those who work and therefore pay taxes and age group has been 35-49, followed by the 24 age group. contributions, to the population as a whole. Despite its small size, San Marino, also thanks The value sought by the 2030 Agenda is very to its century-old tradition and its inclusion in important to understand the generational the UNESCO World Heritage List, welcomes Source: IT, sustainability of the country. After an almost around 2,000,000 tourists a year. Tourism Technology, Data constant decline from 2008 to 2015, the sta- is therefore an extremely strategic sector for and Statistics Office tistics show slight signs of recovery until 2019, San Marino economy. Visitors come mainly but then there has been a decline in the cur- from Italy, but also from , the Neth- rent year to 44%. Since 2016, the economic erlands, the United States, Great Britain and and employment situation has slowly im- France. Tourism has also been affected by proved, but it suffered another setback with COVID-19: with regard to 2020 tourist inflow the outbreak of the pandemic. data, 1,014,705 visitors were recorded. A peculiarity of San Marino’s labor market is ACCIDENTS AT WORK the presence of cross-border workers, who The 2030 Agenda requires monitoring the enter and exit the border every day to work number of fatal and non-fatal accidents at in the territory: to date, cross-border workers work per 100,000 workers. We have parame- are about 6,200, corresponding to 32% of the terized the relevant indicator to the size of San The youth unemployment rate in the age The domestic employment rate, which quan- labor force. Marino and have reported the number of ac- group 15-24 shows the same trend as the to- tifies the incidence of employed persons in The Republic of San Marino, like other coun- cidents at work per 1,000 workers. The num- tal unemployment rate. After peaking at 30% relation to the population of working age, tries, is facing the serious economic and so- ber of accidents at work has decreased from in 2015, it has been steadily declining. It de- peaked in 2001 and 2008 at over 71%, de- cial crisis caused by the health emergency 29.8 accidents in 2015 to 23.7 in 2019. 96.5% creased by 1.8 percentage points during 2019 clined until 2015 and then increased slightly with courage and determination. After an were accidents in the workplace while the re- and now stands at 22%, with the percentage and steadily until 2019. Now it is 67% of the unprecedented decrease in the first two quar- maining 3.5% were commuting accidents, i.e. gender gap also widening from around 3% in labor force, with a percentage gender gap ters of 2020, coinciding with the suspension occurring during the trip from home to the 2008 to around 14% in 2020. For women, the that has decreased over the years from 10 to of activities ordered in the spring, economic workplace. Table 2 shows that 513 accidents slow economic recovery has not had the same around 5 percentage points. activity worldwide, and also in San Marino, at work occurred in 2019, equal to 2.3% of the effect as for men. recovered in the third quarter. Indeed, com- workers employed in the same year. Graph 9 panies reacted by resorting to the wage sup- shows a steadily decreasing accident trend Source: IT, plementation fund. 52.9% of companies used over the years under consideration. Technology, Data it for all or the majority of their employees. and Statistics Office The trend was also partly confirmed in the fourth quarter when, however, on the revenue side, reductions were recorded in almost all sectors, except for food and for chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The impact of the pandemic has shown its negative effects on clothing and services, with particular reference to trans- port and tourism. Analyses covering 2021 are not yet available, but considering the contin-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 8 94 — 95 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Table 2: Number of accidents at work in 2015-2019 Source: Emergency than 19 and they have gradually decreased ment benefits, special economic allowance Department over time, particularly between 2018 and for employees, wage supplementation fund 2019. Indeed, in the same years, the number and charges for incentives provided for by law. 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 of fell from about 3 to slightly under 2 This indicator decreased from 1.27% of GDP in per 10,000 inhabitants. From 2015 to 2019 2015 to 0.62% in 2019. Over the years, this in- there were around 20 ATMs per 10,000 inhab- dicator has steadily declined, in line with the Accidents at work 568 536 543 495 513 itants available in the Republic. The number reduction in the number of unemployed peo- of bank counters per 10,000 inhabitants fell ple, namely those in need of economic sup- Commuting accidents 35 45 22 18 n.a. from slightly over 19 in 2015 to slightly over 12 port from the State. In 2020 the situation has in 2019. radically changed because of the pandemic.

Total 603 581 565 513 513 SAN MARINO'S TARGETS AND MEASURES TAKEN CHALLENGES TO ACHIEVE THEM Article 4 of the Declaration on the Citizens’ San Marino pays special attention to the Rights and Fundamental Principles of San Ma- achievement of the targets envisaged by this rino Constitutional Order establishes the right TREND OF sustainable development goal, aimed respec- to work and fair remuneration. San Marino is a ACCIDENTS tively at reaching a high level of productivity Member State of the International Labour Or- AT WORK through diversification and innovation in high ganisation (ILO). As such it has ratified a large Source: IT, value-added and labor-intensive sectors and number of international conventions in this Technology, Data at promoting policies oriented to the develop- field and is an active participant in the Global and Statistics Office ment and support of economic activities, the Employment Agenda, which aims at promot- creation of decent jobs, entrepreneurship, in- ing full employment through the most suita- novation and the encouragement for the for- ble policies for the creation of decent work malization and growth of micro and small en- and fair remuneration conditions. terprises through access to financial services. San Marino pays special attention to the num- 0 To ensure decent work, Target 8.8 on the pro- ber of unemployed young people and women tection of workers' rights and the promotion as “disadvantaged categories” through spe- of healthy and safe working environments cial incentives provided for by law. Examples for all workers will be of fundamental impor- include the bonus for women over 50, reduc- In 2020, the outbreak of the global pandem- and citizens throughout the territory. The aim tance. tions in social security contributions for cer- tain categories, and incentives for young and ic and the ensuing health emergency have is to strengthen training and information initi- It will be necessary to strengthen, together female entrepreneurs. While guaranteeing shown in a disruptive way that prevention atives to promote awareness of occupational with the Statistical Office, the punctual col- equal rights between men and women, the and health at work affect all economic sectors health and safety issues and to ensure max- lection of the related indicators in San Mari- data show that it is mostly women who lose and not only those with a higher perceived imum attention through constant monitoring no’s context. risk, as we were perhaps used to thinking. and control for the protection of every worker. their jobs, and they also find it more difficult The health emergency has changed the prior- In the framework of the 2030 Agenda, an- to find a new job because of the hard reconcil- With regard to the presence of credit institu- ities related to health and safety at work. It other important achievement that is being iation of family and work. tions and the number of branches and oper- monitored concerns the existence of a nation- has become even more evident that the latter Today, in order to address a 14% employment ating counters in the country, both traditional al youth employment strategy. The related are a necessary condition for the existence of gender gap for the youngest age group, it will and automatic, the national context indicator indicator concerns the ratio of government a company or business entity. San Marino’s be fundamental to implement at statistical shows that today San Marino has more than spending devoted to employment measures intention is to continue to pay due attention level the indicators included in this Goal and 12 operating bank counters for every 10,000 and social protection of the unemployed to to prevention and safety at work by simulta- in the specific Goal 5, in order to monitor the inhabitants. In 2015 bank counters were more GDP. This spending ratio includes unemploy- neously involving institutions, social partners local situation more and more thoroughly and

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 8 96 — 97 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW to flank the existing policies with increasing- why it is even more urgent to implement a new ly targeted interventions to promote a mas- project for the relaunch of the Republic of San sive and active presence of young people and Marino. San Marino is called upon to build a women in the labor market. shared, ambitious and realistic vision that is attentive to the actual resources of the terri- Finally, worth recalling is that decent work tory, and at the same time projected into the is guaranteed by San Marino legislation on future, in a climate of confidence and renewed occupational health and safety and preven- motivation. San Marino 2030 project aims at tion of accidents at work, together with the redefining a model of economic development regulation of fair remuneration by category through a process oriented to openness and and employment level within collective labor transformation, according to precise social agreements. and environmental guidelines and shared by the country’s operators and political and SAN MARINO 2030 social forces. Thanks to its territorial peculi- Considering the need for a systemic manage- arities, San Marino will have to become a vir- ment to strengthen the existing companies tuous example in the international context in and, at the same time, support and relaunch order to attract investments in the real econo- the country as a whole, the Republic of San my (production), sustainable finance (funds), Marino has included among its priorities the increased flows (tourism) and extra-territorial definition of a long-term strategic plan - called collaborations (Italian regions and abroad). San Marino 2030 - aimed at identifying the de- The two main projects that San Marino 2030 velopment process for a shared restructuring has devised in relation to Goal 8 are a compre- of the country’s socio-economic system. hensive labor reform and support for dignity A major effort is being made to draw up a in old age: long-term economic development plan for Labor reform: The project envisages the ap- the country. This plan will include an initial proval of a labor reform, reconciling work and phase of creating a shared development vi- family life for both parents. The project is cur- sion, starting from the identification of what rently in its initial phase. Its implementation is already available on the territory and the would support families and boost the birth awareness of international investment driv- rate, thus counteracting the progressive age- ers. The main theme of this project is eco- ing of the population. The reform would also nomic and financial, environmental, tourism, promote the right to work and the reduction territorial and social sustainability. in gender differences. Therefore, San Marino is looking towards the next decade by working according to precise Support for dignity in old age: This project en- guidelines, with special attention to local en- visages the organization of activities and fa- terprises and investors who may wish to in- cilities promoting inclusion of the elderly, by vest in the Republic. contributing to the development of a culture that enhances their presence within both the PROJECTS family and society. The project is currently in its initial phase. Its implementation, including San Marino's situation was already particularly through the collaboration of private entities complicated when the negative effects caused and associations, would also contribute to re- by the COVID-19 pandemic were felt. This is ducing inequalities.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 8 98 — 99 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 9

↗ ENSURING SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROMOTING INNOVATION ↘ THE COUNTRY ALREADY AND FAIR AND RESPONSIBLE HAS A WELL-DEVELOPED AND INDUSTRIALIZATION IS A PRIORITY RELIABLE INFRASTRUCTURE, FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN WHICH FORMS THE BASIS OF ITS IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE CURRENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. DEVELOPMENT GOALS. HOWEVER, THERE IS MUCH ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT IN PROMOTING A MORE WIDESPREAD AND THEREFORE INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. ↗ SAN MARINO ECONOMY IS EXTREMELY DIVERSIFIED AND HAS A PARTICULARLY HIGH LEVEL OF ↘ DIVERSIFIED ECONOMIC INDUSTRIALIZATION. DEVELOPMENT IS THE COUNTRY'S GOAL AS A MEANS OF REDUCING ITS GOAL VULNERABILITY.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 9COGNOME 100 — 101 /9VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Goal 9 of the 2030 Agenda concerns three tion), while the variation in stocks, the most 14.72%. Trade employs 17% of workers and quarter of 2020 (red line) shows that, after elements that are indispensable for a coun- variable and least significant component of contributes over 12% to GDP. Financial-in- the sharp fall in the two-month period March- try's development and that are different but this account, recorded a positive value. surance activities and construction account April due to the general lockdown - in San closely linked: industry, innovation and infra- for 5% and 4% of GDP respectively. No less Marino there has never been a total closure, structure. Ensuring sustainable and resilient ECONOMIC SECTORS important is the accommodation and catering but rather the reduction to 50% of business infrastructure and promoting innovation and San Marino economy is extremely diversified sector, which employs almost 4% of workers activities - economic activities started to grow fair and responsible industrialization is a pri- and has a particularly high level of indus- and contributes 2% to GDP. again in the summer months, peaking in Au- ority for the Government in implementing the trialization. It is therefore a heterogeneous gust - the period with the largest number of The economic activities indicator (Graph 2) Sustainable Development Goals. economic system, with about 5,000 econom- tourists - and then fell again, but with less in- calculated on actual data up to September ic operators, of which more than 2,600 are tensity, in the fourth quarter. The country already has a well-developed and 2020 (blue line) and estimated for the fourth companies. Manufacturing, services, trade, reliable infrastructure, which forms the basis real estate and professional activities are the of its current economic development. Howev- key sectors. er, there is certainly room for improvement in IMPORT – EXPORT promoting a more widespread and therefore The manufacturing sector is the leading sec- inclusive economic development. tor both in terms of employment, employing around 30% of San Marino's workforce, and Graph: Import- MACROECONOMIC SCENARIO in terms of its contribution to GDP (around Export trend in For a general description of GDP, see Goal 8. 35% in 2018). It produces more than a third 2015-2019 of the country's added value. Employment in On the other hand, the expenditure account the manufacturing sector compared to total shows how the added value produced dur- employment increased from 26% in 2015 to ing the year was used. In 2018, gross fixed 30% in 2019. capital formation increased by +3.15% and net exports increased by +2.69%. Final con- Services contribute 24% to GDP and employ sumption fell by -0.96% (-0.89% for private about 22% of workers. Among services, the consumption and -1.08% for public consump- Public Administration sector accounts for

GRAPH: SAN MARINO: DESEASONALISED INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES INDICATOR Graph: Import- OF ECONOMIC Export evolution ACTIVITIES

Source: IT, Sources: IT, Technology, Data Technology, Data and Statistics Office and Statistics Office

Annual variation Indicator of economic activities

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 9 102 — 103 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW In 2019, trade with foreign countries contin- ports, and UK, , China, Germany Graph: Businesses by branch of economic activity ued to grow, in line with the data recorded and France for exports (Graph 6). the previous year, with an increase by +3.5% World trade fell sharply in the second quarter (+4.1% in 2018). of 2020. According to preliminary estimates, In 2019, exports recorded a year-on-year the decline seems to be around 45%, with nominal increase by +5.3%, with a slightly the tourism and transport sectors being par- lower variation than that of the previous year ticularly hard hit. In the third quarter, thanks (+5.9% in 2018). The same trend, but with less to the recovery in mobility and global pro- intensity, was recorded for imports, with an duction, world trade seems to have partially annual increase by +1.2%, compared to an in- recovered. Overall, world trade is still below crease by +1.9% in 2018. Therefore, as a result pre-Covid levels. Indeed, the average trend of these variations, also in 2019 there was a variation for the period January-August is significant growth in the trade balance - giv- -7.9%. en by the difference between exports and im- ports - which amounted to +18.39% (+20.66% BUSINESSES Sources: IT, Technology, Data and Statistics Office in 2018). The following graph shows the evolution of 31 December 2019. Considering the trend over should wait for the data of the coming months the number of economic activities over the Inevitably, Italy is the main trading partner of the last calendar year, the sectors with the to have a more realistic picture of the conse- last twenty years (up to May 2020) and the San Marino, with 81.3% of total trade (82.5% most negative variations are: professional, quences. The total number decreased by 36 most relevant sectors in terms of numbers, as in 2018). More specifically, trade with Italy ac- scientific and technical activities (-39, equal businesses (-49 if only May is compared). well as the total size (right-hand scale). counts for 78.3% of imports (78.8% in 2018) to -4%), manufacturing activities (-18, equal Professional, scientific and technical activi- and 83.5% of exports (85.4% in 2018). The As of 31 December 2020, the total number of to -3.5%), wholesale and retail trade, repair ties decreased by 21 businesses; manufactur- other economies with which San Marino en- businesses present and operating in the Re- of motor vehicles and motorbikes (-15, equal ing activities by 11; wholesale and retail trade, gages in foreign trade are, in order: China, public of San Marino was 4,836, with a de- to -1.4%) and rental, travel agencies, busi- repair of motor vehicles and motorbikes and Germany, , and for im- crease by 98 businesses (-2%) compared to ness support services (-9, equal to -4.9%). other service activities both by 10. Commu- Moderately positive variations were recorded nication and information services (+9), con- in the following sectors: education (+9, equal struction and education (both +6), transport to +33.3%), information and communication Graph: 2019 main trading partners (excluding Italy) and storage and health and social security services (+6, equal to +3.2%) and financial (both +3) increased. and insurance activities (+4, equal to +5.7%). As of December 2020, the most common legal The financial impact of COVID-19 simulated form was the corporate form, accounting for by San Marino Industrial Association for its 2,651 companies (equal to 54.8% of all busi- member companies shows for 2020 a signifi- nesses). There are 719 professional activities cant fall in revenues in all relevant sectors, ex- (14.9% of total businesses) and 384 craft en- cept for pharmaceuticals, with losses of over terprises (7.9% of total businesses). Most of 70% in the sectors of transport of people and the businesses in San Marino are small-sized: tourism. For all sectors, the wage supplemen- 42.8% of the total have from 1 to 9 employees tation fund was an essential tool for provid- and 51% have no employees. ing flexibility to businesses. Despite the crisis caused by the pandemic and the major reduc- If we compare the average number of busi- tions, the sector seems to be holding up. nesses by sector of economic activity in the first five months of 2020 with that of the pre- INVESTMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT vious year, we can already see the first nega- Sources: IT, Technology, Data and Statistics Office tive effects of the current crisis, although we Diversified economic development is the

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 9 104 — 105 GOAL 9 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW country's goal as a means of reducing its vul- ered and 13,000 buildings are served, out of nerability. However, this goal is to be achieved a total of 23,000 buildings to be served. The without forgetting to stimulate and safeguard infrastructure will remain State-owned and the commercial and tourist vocation of San will be managed with the primary objective Marino, which traditionally represents its of guaranteeing the cost-effectiveness of the strong point. service and of the price for citizens. Moreo- In the first months of 2021, the construction ver, this project will offer the possibility of ex- of the Polo della Moda will be completed. This panding work opportunities for companies in luxury mall is located in the area bordering the IT sector, with the consequent increase in the province of (Italy) and covers an technological services and applications for all area of almost 25,000 square meters. It was San Marino users. designed and built in full respect of the en- The implementation of this project will have vironment, in compliance with the BREEAM the additional effect of increasing the efficien- eco-sustainability protocol. The luxury mall cy of the telephony service. Indeed, this ser- is specifically located on the border with the vice will be able to rely on a nationwide data , very close to the city of Ri- network, thus offsetting much of the load mini, for obvious tourist/commercial logisti- supported by the existing antennas and con- cal reasons, and also very close (thanks to the tributing to the sustainable growth of mobile Rimini-San Marino highway) to A14 motorway, networks. one of Italy's main motorway axes. This mall will boost the local economy and its INFRASTRUCTURES entrepreneurial fabric, as well as employment with over 500 new jobs. The main and imme- Infrastructure networks, including transport diate positive economic effects will be in par- (cars, trains, airplanes), water and energy ticular for the retail sector, catering and ser- networks and information and communica- vice activities, besides a significant increase tion networks (Internet, telephony, radio, in direct and indirect tax revenues. TV), underpin social and economic growth. The Government intends to promote projects Their development and their ability to adapt to attract foreign investments in the hospi- to change are essential, particularly for busi- tality and catering sectors, including those nesses and industrial production, which need related to the gaming sector. Assessment and to be up-to-date through increasingly efficient study activities are ongoing with regard to the and sustainable innovative technologies that laws and regulations in force in San Marino, improve living conditions while protecting the compared to the legislation of other foreign environment. jurisdictions. San Marino's transport infrastructure is of a Thanks to the strategic optical fiber project, high standard. Due to the small size of the ter- San Marino can be at the forefront, compet- ritory, it does not include railways and large itive on the international market and, above airfields. San Marino’s road infrastructure, al- all, it can further attract companies that are though already sufficiently functional, needs turning to our country as an opportunity for to be modernized and made safer. Among the their development. It will be a useful public priorities identified are the replacement of infrastructure serving the whole population. grade intersections with roundabouts, the re- To date, 50% of the territory is already cov- placement of existing guardrails, the closure of

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 9 106 — 107 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW the most dangerous pedestrian crossings and San Marino Innovation performs the following and development centers in the territory, operators, with the task of submitting con- the subsequent construction of under- or over- tasks: which may contribute to make the establish- crete proposals to the competent national passes in areas where crossings are needed. ment of innovative start-ups in the Republic institutions and authorities, thus contributing 1) Studying, developing and imple- even more attractive. their know-how and expertise. The main strategic project for the entire terri- menting innovation strategies for the tory is, however, the securing and upgrading Public Administration; Blockchain Ecosystem: San Marino Digital Agenda: of the highway, as the main road crossing the 2) Collecting, encouraging and The current regulatory framework, although It is the digital development plan of San Ma- country. assessing projects and ideas aimed at attracting international interest, is still in its rino and represents the national strategy developing San Marino Digital Agenda implementation phase. In order to function for structural interventions in the process of STATE OFFICE FOR PATENTS (ADS); fully, it requires structural changes allowing technological innovation, pursuing the ob- AND TRADEMARKS 3) Submitting to the Congress of State the establishment of operators in this sec- jectives of sustainable social and economic the digital development plan for its Another important stimulus for the economic tor, as well as the implementation of some growth of the country. approval and drawing up an annual re- development of the country and for the at- strategic projects, which have already been port on the overall state of digital de- San Marino Digital Agenda is coordinated with traction of highly innovative and technological identified in terms of design and details and velopment and the implementation of the European Digital Agenda and is aimed at companies is the dynamic State Office for Pat- are promoted by high standing international the ADS. fostering priority cooperation between San ents and Trademarks (USBM) of the Republic players. In particular, reference is made to Marino’s business, innovation, Public Ad- of San Marino, which deals with national and The Istituto per l’Innovazione della Repubblica the Low Carbon Ecosystem project. A Mem- ministration, research and service systems, international procedures for the registration di San Marino S.p.A. (San Marino Innovation) orandum of Understanding has already been through the involvement of all stakeholders. of trademarks, patents and industrial designs is currently carrying out activities that can be signed with the promoting companies for the or models and collects the relevant fees. summarized in the following three main mac- implementation of such project, which con- The Istituto per l’Innovazione della Repubbli- ro-areas: cerns the creation of an ecosystem of incen- ca di San Marino has the task of submitting The Republic of San Marino has signed the tives for the adoption of sustainable behavior San Marino Digital Agenda to the Congress of main international multilateral conventions Innovative Start-Up Ecosystem: by citizens, using blockchain technology. State and the Grand General Council and the on industrial property. It manages industrial The Institute promotes and manages the sub- function of developing it through the Digital research projects, which are the result of in- This project has aroused great interest at in- sidized regime for high-technology enterpris- Development Agency, which is a permanent ternational cooperation within the European ternational level because it would lead to the es. The regulatory framework of tax and oper- technical working group established by law intergovernmental body , and the creation of the world's first ecosystem geared ational benefits is attractive, although there is within the Scientific Committee. funding for industrial research, innovation towards achieving the Sustainable Develop- room for improvement. In particular, the main and technology transfer. ment Goals through the use of this new tech- Finally, the vertical working group of the The- requests from those who turn to San Marino nology. The completion of this sector's legal matic Area "Study Centre for the implemen- jurisdiction to set up innovative start-ups fo- SAN MARINO INNOVATION and regulatory framework would also make it tation of San Marino Digital Agenda" has been cus on the instruments for raising financing possible to implement the above project. set up with the aim of achieving the following The Institute for Innovation of the Republic of and investments for innovative enterpris- objectives: the drafting of an updated version San Marino supports the legislation on inno- es (venture capital, crowdfunding, business Finally, the implementation of the legislation of San Marino Digital Agenda as a three-year vation with the aim of promoting in the Re- angels). With regard to the services that the on Exchange platforms would constitute a work plan for the technological relaunch of public a new entrepreneurial culture devoted Institute provides to its certified companies, further element of strong attractiveness for the country; the preparation of regulatory to innovation, boosting employment in key national synergies have been promoted to European operators in this sector, as well as frameworks for the transposition of Europe- sectors for economic development, fostering support such companies, by involving em- a boost to the implementation of fintech solu- an regulations related to the European Digi- a stronger ability to attract foreign talent and ployers' and professional associations, with tions for San Marino banking and financial tal Agenda; the drafting of the framework law capital, and strengthening the links between the aim of drawing up conventions to pro- system. on accreditation and study of certification institutions and businesses. San Marino Inno- vide dedicated services. In the short-medium In this regard, the vertical working group of programs; the establishment of cooperation vation is aimed at individuals, start-ups and term, the objective is to consolidate the coop- the Thematic Area "Implementation of the relations with external legal entities and, in spin-offs that intend to pool resources and eration with the University of San Marino and Blockchain Ecosystem" has been set up. It is general, with European bodies related to the expertise to carry out research activities on with Italian universities and academies, in or- composed of high standing professionals and areas of the European Digital Agenda; studies specific technologies. der to promote the establishment of research

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 9 108 — 109 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW on the automation and harmonization of pub- tematic quality control of new works. These PROJECTS lic processes in order to allow their interoper- activities have been detailed in three techni- Economic Development Agency - Cham- ability with products and services offered by cal manuals on road maintenance for public ber of Commerce Innovation Project: This the private market; the selection and super- administrations throughout Italy, as well as in project aims at intervening in San Marino vision of strategic research projects for the scientific journals and international seminars. Economic Development Agency - Chamber country’s digital infrastructure and related to Ermes (Efficient Road Management and of Commerce by training a group of commer- San Marino Digital Agenda; study of training Eco-sustainable Solutions) research and cial representatives (Trust Advisors). The ob- programs addressed to new professionals in teaching Centre for the management and de- jective is to make the business system more the ICT field and mapping of ICT skills availa- sign of road infrastructures, which will be part competitive by promoting synergies, training ble in the territory. of the activities of the civil engineering degree and international exchanges. The project is For the private sector, the vertical working course at San Marino University, will provide currently underway and will enable to im- group of the Thematic Area “Industrial Inno- Autonomous State Corporations and Public prove access to information and to implement vation - Industry 4.0” has been set up with the Offices with research, teaching and support communication, by encouraging more inclu- aim of consolidating and implementing the activities for management, design and quality sive industrialization. country's industrial ecosystem, repositioning control. Project for the development of internation- it in terms of competitiveness and opening al agreements: This project envisages the San Marino to new industrial markets. The 12 objectives mentioned in the above development of several international agree- center’s statute also include the preliminary Reorganizing and strengthening the Institute ments with foreign professional associations, verifications necessary for the creation of a with respect to the projects described above Chambers of Commerce, institutions and in- "laboratory to support and bring together the will be an important step for the growth of stitutional bodies, thus favoring the industri- University's teaching and research activities, scientific research and technological develop- al development of the country. This project is the quality control and monitoring activities ment of San Marino’s industrial sector. currently underway and will enable collabo- of Autonomous State Corporations, the ex- ration to promote inclusive and sustainable perimentation and design of the State Offic- ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE industrialization. es, and the establishment and strengthening RESEARCH CENTRE Cybersecurity Project: This project involves of relations with other universities, research the restructuring of San Marino Fraud Squad. An experimental project for the monitoring of centers and entities active in the infrastruc- This project is currently in its initial phase. Its “green” asphalts in San Marino and the cre- ture sector". Among the benefits is the con- implementation will make it possible to mod- ation of a new research center for the man- stant updating of the technical staff of the ernize the technological infrastructure, thus agement and design of road infrastructures Corporations and State Offices with regard to developing high-quality industrialization and are among the main innovations introduced the innovations and technological develop- safer use of the new technologies applicable by the new memorandum of understanding ment characterizing this sector. to it. between the Public Works Autonomous State Almost all of San Marino's population - es- Commercial Platforms Project: This project Corporation (AASLP) and the University of the pecially the younger age groups - use the envisages the conclusion of agreements for Republic of San Marino. Internet and the level of Internet coverage is the introduction into San Marino of online Signed in September 2020, this memorandum almost total. More than 700 companies are platforms for the sale of local products, both gives new impetus to a collaboration that registered in San Marino’s e-commerce reg- within and outside the State. This project is since 2016 has led to the updating of project ister, while the number of companies with a underway. Its implementation will foster a documents such as technical regulations, to website or social media contact is definitely more inclusive and smart industrialization, the definition of software useful for identify- higher. allowing small and medium-sized manufac- ing priorities in road maintenance work from turing companies (36% of employees) and an objective point of view, to the application others to market their products more easily of eco-sustainable techniques and to the sys- across the State and Italian borders.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 9 110 — 111 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 112 — 113 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 10

↗ IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO NO DIFFERENT TARIFFS ARE APPLIED ACCORDING TO THE ↘ IN SAN MARINO, IT IS NECESSARY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. THE TAX TO SET UP A SINGLE PUBLIC PAGE ON IMPORTS IS INDEED APPLIED WHERE IT IS POSSIBLE TO QUICKLY ACCORDING TO TARIFFS WHICH IDENTIFY THE USEFUL INDICATORS DIFFER EXCLUSIVELY ON THE BASIS FOR THE SHARED OBJECTIVES TO BE OF THE TYPE OF IMPORTED GOODS. ACHIEVED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THIS PROJECT, NOT ONLY WITH REFERENCE TO THE TARGETS OF GOAL 10, BUT TO THOSE OF ALL THE SDGS. ↗ AN INSTRUMENT INTRODUCING A SPECIFIC INDICATOR, CALLED ICEE, TO MEASURE THE EQUIVALENT ↘ ABOUT 19-20% OF THE PEOPLE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE RESIDING OR STAYING IN THE POPULATION IS CURRENTLY BEING REPUBLIC LIVE BELOW 50% OF THE DEVELOPED. GOAL MEDIAN INCOME. OUR EFFORTS SHOULD AIM AT REDUCING THIS PERCENTAGE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 10COGNOME 114 — 115 /10VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Goal 10 of the 2030 Agenda aims at reducing hold income of the poorest 40% of the popu- Worth highlighting is also that an instrument composition and size is also attached inequalities within and among countries by lation. These data are currently not available introducing a specific indicator, called ICEE, to the above-mentioned Regulation. promoting the social, economic and political for the Republic of San Marino. to measure the equivalent economic condi- Such table was provided by the IT, inclusion of all citizens, regardless of factors tion of the population is currently being de- Technology, Data and Statistics Office; From a procedural point of view, it is be- such as gender, age, race, ethnicity, origin, re- veloped. In this regard, the steps taken so far ing considered to establish an indicator that - Article 20 of Law no. 113 of 7 July 2020 ligious beliefs, disability or economic status. should be indicated: captures the real one-year variation rate in "Adjustment to the budget of the State To all intents and purposes, this is certainly household per capita income of the poorest - Delegated Decree no. 80 of 20 May and of the Entities of the Overall Public ambitious and covers many areas, not only 40% of the population through a specific sta- 2019 "Ratifying Delegated Decree no. Sector for the 2020 financial year and economic, which are also different from each tistical survey of living conditions. 65 of 12 April 2019 - Indicator of the amendments to Law no. 157 of 19 No- other. economic condition for the equity vember 2019", aimed at reforming the Currently, it would only be possible to collect (ICEE) of households", by which the aforementioned Delegated Decree no. It is indeed clear that, in order to achieve SDG income data through the income tax returns unified criteria for assessing the eco- 80/2019 in order to ensure better ac- 10, it is not enough to simply collect data on of natural persons (IGR-L) submitted pursu- nomic condition of those having their cessibility to and effectiveness of this income inequality, which can be found through ant to Law no. 166 of 16 December 2013 and registered and actual residence in the instrument, through a punctual defini- various administration’s tools, such as the in- subsequent amendments. Republic of San Marino are identified, tion both of the services and benefits come tax return, but it is actually necessary Finally, it will be necessary to establish the in order to establish access to social whose granting is subject to this indi- to focus on all types of inequality, including threshold income that determines the poor- protection instruments, preferential cator and of the income, property, im- those related to the factors mentioned above. est 40% of the population. To this end, the services and other services, not in- movable and movable asset values to IT, Technology, Data and Statistics Office uses tended for all persons or in any case be used as reference parameters. ACHIEVING AND SUSTAINING GROWTH the data shared by the Tax Office from the in- linked to certain economic conditions, IN PER CAPITA INCOME come tax returns of natural persons (IGR-L) and/or the degree of co-participation STRENGTHENING AND PROMOTING SOCIAL, One of the Targets of Goal 10 aims, by 2030, at and is already working, in cooperation with in the cost of such services, as regulat- ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INCLUSION progressively achieving and sustaining income the Vital Statistics Office, to merge these data ed by the laws in force, by identifying growth of the bottom 40% of the population in order to highlight the household income of the persons or households to whom Goal 10 also aims at empowering and promot- at a rate higher than the national average. each household in the Republic of San Marino. public interventions should be primar- ing the social, economic and political inclu- ily addressed. This Delegated Decree sion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, To this end, it is essential to include in a struc- The context indicator that has been estab- identifies in particular the criteria for race, ethnicity, origin, religion, economic or tured form the data related to the variation in lished is shown below. the establishment of the indicator of other status. spending growth rates or per capita house- the economic condition for the equity To this end, it will be necessary to include in (ICEE) of households; a structured form the percentage of people Global Indicator Source Data Source Name of Units Time Series residing or staying in the Republic who live Indicator - Regulation no. 8 of 21 June 2019 below 50% of the median income, by age, sex "ICEE Consumption Regulation” es- 2017 2018 2019 and disability. tablishes the methods for verifying the 10.1.1 - Growth rate IT, Vital Statistics - Variation % These data are not currently available in their reliability of the income declared for of household Technology, Office, Tax rate of optimal form for the Republic of San Marino. expenditure Data and Office household ICEE purposes by the household and However, a procedure has been preliminarily or income per Statistics income per the consistency with consumption in capita of the Office capita of assessed together with the Tax Office, which the year to which the income refers, bottom 40% of the bottom keeps the data referring to income, and the the population 40% of the in accordance with Article 11 of Del- IT, Technology, Data and Statistics Office, with population* egated Decree no. 80 of 20 May 2019 which the following context indicator has "Indicator of the economic condition been extrapolated. San Marino % 3.89 4.39 3.09 for the equity (ICEE) of households". A detailed table estimating the aver- age annual consumption by household (*) Crossborder workers’ incomes included

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 116 — 117 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW % OF PERSONS RESIDING OR STAYING IN SAN MARINO WHO LIVE BELOW 50% OF THE MEDIAN the SSI website, where statistics concerning security contributions, in order to adopt pol- INCOME the application of Law no. 97 of 20 June 2008 icies, in particular tax, wage and social pro- - “Prevention and elimination of violence tection policies, which allow to progressively Time Series against women and gender violence” - are achieve greater equality, as provided for by 2017 2018 2019 published. one of the Targets of Goal 10. GENDER The document published contains data on the To this end, a collaboration has already been M 8.03% 7.37% 7.02% cases provided for by Article 19, paragraph 1 initiated with the IT, Technology, Data and of the above-mentioned Law, which concern, Statistics Office, the Office for Economic- Ac F 12.40% 12.27% 11.73% following the prescribed reports, the opening tivities, the Tax Office, the Vital Statistics -Of Total 20.43% 19.64% 18.75% of non-contentious proceedings before the fice and the Central Bank of the Republic of Law Commissioner acting as civil Guardian- San Marino to develop a specific context indi- AGE GROUPS ship Judge. cator, as shown below. 0-24 years 1.52% 1.61% 1.54% This document does not include reports on According to the the data included in the pro- 25-34 years 2.30% 2.36% 2.12% ex officio prosecutable offences or those for posed indicator, almost half of San Marino’s which a complaint has been filed and those in GDP comes from employment and self-em- 35-64 years 10.06% 9.59% 9.23% which the victim is a child, regardless of the ployment income. Thanks to the homologous 65 years and older 6.56% 6.08% 5.85% gender thereof. data published by international bodies, we can make a comparison with 2017. The result is that San Marino’s labor share of GDP is be- PROGRESSIVELY ACHIEVING GREATER low the world average (equal to 51.4%), with This indicator reflects, out of the total num- ty line, to be shared with the IT, Technology, EQUALITY THROUGH TAX, WAGE AND SO- a difference of 3.15 percentage points, while ber of respondents, the percentage of people Data and Statistics Office. The data collected CIAL PROTECTION POLICIES it is below the European average (equal to whose income is below 50% of the median should then be tested and finally made availa- In San Marino it is necessary to include in a 56.6%), with a greater difference of 8.35 per- value. To this end, taxpayers with a declared ble on an ongoing basis and updated annually. structured form the share of GDP coming from centage points. individual (gross) income in their tax return the labor force, including wages and social below the median value for the period 2016- ENSURING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES AND RE- 2019 were extracted. DUCING INEQUALITIES OF OUTCOME They were then reclassified by gender and age Goal 10 aims at ensuring equal opportunities group. for all and at reducing inequalities of out- Global Indicator Source Data Source Name of Units Time Series come, including by eliminating discriminatory Indicator The available data, in aggregated form, refer laws, policies and practices and promoting 2016 2017 2018 2019 to the income of individual persons submit- appropriate legislation, policies and action in ting their tax return and not to households. 10.4.1 - Labor income IT, Tax Office, Employment % this regard. share of GDP, Technology, Office for and self- The intention of San Marino is to refer to the including Data and Economic employment median household income (from which it may To this end, it will be necessary to enter in a wages and Statistics Activities, income be necessary to subtract compulsory social structured form the percentage of the popula- social security Office Central Bank, share of contributions Vital Statistics GDP (*) security contributions), taking into account tion reporting to have personally felt discrim- Office the members belonging to the same house- inated against or harassed in the previous 12 San Marino % 48.06 48.25 48.22 48.70 hold, adjusted according to an equivalence months on the basis of a ground of discrimina- scale. tion prohibited by international law. The current phase therefore aims at preparing The Ministry responsible for equal opportuni- such data through a new appropriate project ties points out that it is possible to find the (*) Crossborder workers’ incomes to estimate the population below the pover- data and the report published annually on included

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 118 — 119 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS and mobility of people more orderly, safe, Data on San Marino’s incoming - Gender (M/F); AND INSTITUTIONS regular and responsible, which Goal 10 envis- migration flows - Residence share - Age groups (possibly ages to achieve also through the implementa- 0-17/18-34/35-64/over 65); As regards improving the regulation and mon- With regard to San Marino’s incoming mi- tion of planned and well-managed migration - Origin (Italy/EU/non-EU, itoring of global financial markets and insti- gration flows, the competent office provided policies. However, this project is still at an broken down by continents). tutions and strengthening the implementa- some tables showing the following: early stage. tion of such regulations, it is considered that Thanks to the ongoing cooperation with the - Number of residences granted appropriate financial soundness indicators To this end, it is necessary to consider both IT, Technology, Data and Statistics Office and annually; (FSIs) are available in the Republic of San Ma- the recruitment costs borne by the employee the Vital Statistics Operational Unit, hereun- - Annual picture of the number rino. in proportion to the annual income earned in der is the subsequent processing of the data of foreigners residing in San Marino the destination country, and the number of received concerning the composition of the These data are published annually by the Cen- territory. countries with migration policies to facilitate persons residing in the Republic of San Mari- tral Bank of the Republic of San Marino, which Some of these data are currently being orderly, safe, regular and responsible migra- no and the number of San Marino residences cooperates with the IMF. These data are avail- revised in order to effectively highlight tion and mobility of people. granted annually. able on its website, in a dedicated section. the following internal breakdowns: However, the Republic of San Marino can pro- The data included in the above-mentioned vide context indicators useful to provide a section are relative to the Financial Sound- picture, on an annual basis, of the number of ness Indicators (FSI), which are processed people involved in incoming migration flows, and published in accordance with the meth- SAN MARINO RESIDENTS WITH FOREIGN CITIZENSHIP in particular through a coordination between – Breakdown by gender – odology defined with the International Mon- the IT, Technology, Data and Statistics Office etary Fund (IMF). They represent the reclassi- and the two Organizational Units which keep Time Series fied profit and loss account and balance sheet the data necessary to form the indicator: of San Marino banking system, together with 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 some reaggregations of balance sheet data - Vital Statics Organizational Unit, useful for determining summary indicators of which keeps the data on the annual Number of persons the degree of soundness of the banking sys- number of new San Marino citizenship F 2,157 2,195 2,176 2,243 2,328 2,403 2,452 2,508 2,588 2,549 tem, which are used both for the purposes of and residence acquisitions; macro-prudential supervision of the system’s - Gendarmerie Corps of the Repub- M 2,789 2,826 2,691 2,774 2,867 2,885 2,896 2,920 3,028 2,946 stability and for information transparency in lic of San Marino - Foreigners Office, favor of third party analysts. which keeps the data on the annual Total 4,946 5,021 4,867 5,017 5,195 5,288 5,348 5,428 5,616 5,495 number of stay permits granted. In collaboration with the experts of the Inter- Percentage of the total resident population national Monetary Fund, 17 significant indica- Worth specifying is that some policies cur- F 6.70% 6.76% 6.68% 6.84% 7.05% 7.24% 7.36% 7.50% 7.71% 7.58% tors have been identified for San Marino bank- rently in force enable foreign citizens wishing ing system. They concern the performance to move to San Marino to request the neces- M 8.66% 8.70% 8.26% 8.46% 8.69% 8.69% 8.69% 8.74% 9.02% 8.76% of the main technical profiles of banks, such sary documents in order to regularize their as capital adequacy, credit risks, liquidity stay in the territory. Total 15.36% 15.46% 14.94% 15.30% 15.74% 15.93% 16.05% 16.24% 16.73% 16.34% and profitability. These data are available at San Marino does not issue any entry visas but https://www.bcsm.sm/site/home/pubblica- provides for two types of documents, to be Total number of residents, including foreign nationals zioni-e-statistiche/e-gdds/financial-sound- obtained in the event of a stay of more than F 16,385 16,506 16,550 16,656 16,753 16,855 16,900 16,945 17,000 17,040 ness-indicators-fsi.html 30 days, namely stay permit and residence. The competent offices provide aggregate data M 15,808 15,965 16,022 16,133 16,252 16,341 16,428 16,474 16,574 16,587 MIGRATION AND MOBILITY OF PEOPLE on a time series covering the last five to ten San Marino is developing an indicator that years and with some internal breakdowns, Total 32,193 32,471 32,572 32,789 33,005 33,196 33,328 33,419 33,574 33,627 represents the capacity to make migration which are better described hereunder.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 120 — 121 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Sector and does not receive any form gration, which in such a small country must IMMIGRATION TO SAN MARINO – Residences granted annually to foreign nationals – of contribution from the State. After 10 be monitored very carefully, and to meet the years, elective residence holders are needs of the labor market, without forgetting Time Series entitled to be granted registered resi- the obligations arising from the accession of 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 dence and the related rights. the Republic of San Marino to international treaties and conventions. Age groups Furthermore, in order to enter and stay in 0-17 years 48 52 71 70 51 67 52 52 66 51 San Marino, it is necessary to pass through Therefore, according to the aforementioned the . Therefore, the citizens of Law, the following stay permits are currently 18-34 years 129 127 141 119 127 103 115 78 106 110 States that are not parties to the Schengen envisaged: 35-64 years 159 157 195 165 185 136 123 132 184 171 Agreement must hold the authorizations re- - Stay permit for tourist purposes; Over 65 years 12 28 54 18 28 25 14 6 13 9 quired for entry and transit in the Schengen - Special stay permit for education, area, which must be applied for before travel- Total 348 364 461 372 391 331 304 268 369 341 , care and assistance purposes; ling to the Republic of San Marino. Origin - Stay permit for employment reasons, which is a first major innovation com- Italy 298 309 347 290 303 262 240 218 309 288 Data on San Marino’s incoming pared to the past legislation and clear- EU 17 8 13 9 9 13 8 9 13 12 migration flows - Stay permits quota ly specifies the temporary nature of the permit in relation to the different types Non-EU 33 47 101 73 79 56 56 41 47 41 Stay permits are temporary permits for stays countries of work; between 3 months and a year. They are valid - Special stay permit for seafarers, Total 348 364 461 372 391 331 304 268 369 341 for a maximum of 12 months and can be re- which is a fairly recent type of work newed at the request of the person concerned. and which needed to be specifically According to Law no. 118 of 28 June 2010 - regulated as part of the general Law on The data contained in the table show that the no and make and maintain a real estate Law on the entry and stay of foreigners in stay permits and residences; applications for entry into the Republic to re- or financial investment according to the the Republic and subsequent amendments, - Ordinary stay permit, which regu- side therein by foreigners come mainly from terms set by law. The applicant foreign- it is possible to apply for a stay permit in the lates family reunification; the Italian population, accounting on average er must have a health insurance policy, Republic of San Marino for tourism, work, - Extraordinary stay permit for human- for 81% of the total number of annual resi- is not eligible for employment in the family reunification (spouse and children) or itarian reasons of social protection. dence applications. Overall Public Sector and does not re- cohabitation purposes. There are also special ceive any form of contribution from the Considering that residence is a permit to stay stay permits, which are granted for one of the The aim of the extraordinary stay permit for State. After 10 years, elective residence permanently in the territory, worth specifying following reasons: education, sport, therapy, humanitarian reasons of social protection is holders are entitled to be granted regis- is that the types of residence that can be re- assistance, rehabilitation and rest, worship, to regulate a category of situations which, al- tered residence and the related rights. quested, according to current legislation, are humanitarian reasons, international volun- though having a small relevance in numerical - Pensioners’ atypical residence, the following: teering, working programs. terms in San Marino, could no longer be regu- which may be requested by foreign citi- lated in an impromptu manner as it had been Various permit typologies have been provided - Registered residence, which may zens who come from EU countries, Swit- the case until 2010. be requested by foreign nationals for zerland and countries established by a for in order to cope with the increase in the family reunification with a San Marino specific Congress of State Regulation, different reasons for requesting to enter and With regard to the general data on stay per- citizen, to establish a business in San intend to take up their abode in San stay in the Republic of San Marino. Indeed, mits granted by the competent section of the Marino and to apply for management Marino, and have an annual income, with the aim of responding to the various Command of the Gendarmerie Corps of the positions in San Marino entities and to which a 6% income tax is applied situations that San Marino has encountered Republic of San Marino, it should be specified companies; according to the terms established by over the years, some reception policies have that the above Office is preparing some tables - Elective residence, which may be law. The applicant foreigner must have started to be implemented with a view to pro- through which the following aggregate data requested by foreign nationals who a health insurance policy, is not eligible viding sustainable responses. Such responses will be made available: wish to take up their abode in San Mari- for employment in the Overall Public are also in line with the need to manage immi-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 122 — 123 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW - Number of stay permits granted an- - Type (reason) of stay permit issued; The following is the reference re-elaboration nually; - Gender (M/F); - Annual number of people holding - Age groups (possibly a stay permit in San Marino territory. 0-17/18-34/35-64/over 65); Number of PEOPLE HOLDING A STAY PERMIT in the territory of San Marino The data currently available refer to - Origin (Italy/EU/non-EU, the number of people holding a stay broken down by continents). 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 permit in San Marino territory in 2020, Breakdown by TYPE of permit granted internally broken down as follows: Stay permit for tourist 117 58 52 59 80 61 purposes Special stay permit 197 75 59 52 46 59 Stay permit for employment 444 528 537 558 524 565 reasons Ordinary stay permit 153 117 103 103 106 287 Extraordinary stay permit 18 19 13 5 5 10 for humanitarian reasons of social protection Other permits (cohabitation, 172 173 164 178 189 404 parental or minors' permits) Total 1,101 970 928 955 950 1,386 Breakdown by CITIZENSHIP of persons granted a stay permit in San Marino Italian citizenship 487 346 321 354 376 732 EU 180 192 179 153 119 126 Non-EU citizenship 434 432 428 448 455 528 Total 1,101 970 928 955 950 1,386 Breakdown by GENDER of persons granted a stay permit in San Marino F 754 681 666 686 649 877 M 347 289 262 269 301 509 Total 1,101 970 928 955 950 1,386 Breakdown by AGE GROUP of persons granted a stay permit in San Marino 0-17 62 48 41 54 49 59 18-34 292 195 178 204 238 349 35-64 567 583 585 599 583 863 Over 65 180 144 124 98 80 115 Total 1,101 970 928 955 950 1,386

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 124 — 125 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW As can be seen from the data included in the Great and General Council, San Marino is Marino citizen, as well as to the children (un- have been re-elaborated to table, the cases of reception in the territory of committed to promoting some forms of foster der certain conditions), without any distinc- show the following: San Marino for humanitarian reasons are few. care for unaccompanied foreign minors. Arti- tion in terms of gender. - Type (reason for granting cle 16, paragraph 6bis of Law no. 118 of 28 June citizenship); More specifically, out of 10 persons who were To this end, some extractions have been re- 2010 - Law on the entry and stay of foreigners - Gender (M/F); granted an extraordinary stay permit for hu- quested to the competent Vital Statistics Of- in the Republic, as amended by Article 28 of - Age groups (possibly manitarian reasons of social protection, 7 fice indicating the following: Law no. 118 of 30 July 2015, regulates through 0-17/18-34/35-64/over 65). were women and 3 were men. Moreover, 2 foster care the reception of minors arriving to - Number of requests to acquire San Hereunder are the tables prepared so persons were Italian nationals, 3 had a Euro- San Marino without their parents. According Marino citizenship, broken down by far (where the granted pean citizenship, 2 had an African citizenship to the legislation in force, the Vital Statistics year; are broken down by gender and age and 3 had a American citizenship. Office is required to enter in the register of the - Number of new citizenships granted group). resident population a minor who, temporarily annually. San Marino’s active policies to cope with deprived of a suitable family environment, is Some of the currently available data the reception of foreigners for humanitari- placed, by order of the social services or the an reasons competent judicial authority, with a family or With regard to current active policies related an individual resident in the Republic, or with to the granting of stay permits for humanitari- a family-type community based in the Repub- an reasons, San Marino maintains an exclusive NEW CITIZENSHIP ACQUISITIONS lic, in order to ensure his or her maintenance, – Breakdown by gender – relationship with the Community of Sant'Egid- upbringing and education. io. The Republic fully shares the highly hu- manitarian action that this Community has Foster children may also maintain their status Time Series carried out for more than half a century for the as San Marino residents even after they reach 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 weakest groups all over the world, through the age of eighteen, provided that judicial fos- concrete solidarity and active engagement in ter care has not been previously revoked. Number of persons favor of so many people, of all ages, seeking The foster family may apply for an ordinary F 99 120 161 208 66 55 55 80 73 49 465 protection, peace and effective support. stay permit as an alternative if the authority of San Marino also recognizes the so-called "Hu- the foster child's State of origin so indicates. M 107 114 166 293 57 57 97 121 82 50 457 manitarian Corridors", which are a highly val- San Marino is also adopting a legislative meas- uable operational instrument promoted by Total 206 234 327 501 123 112 152 201 155 99 922 ure to regulate in detail this type of reception the above Community to reduce the number and integration of minors. Once the legisla- of “deadly journeys” involving refugees and tion has been adopted, such minors will be Percentage of the total applicants migrants fleeing from armed conflicts, vio- able to enter San Marino with the security of F 48% 51% 49% 42% 54% 49% 36% 40% 47% 49% 50% lence and living conditions objectively recog- foster families, guarantees of education and nized as inhumane. sustenance, links with their origins and rela- M 52% 49% 51% 58% 46% 51% 64% 60% 53% 51% 50% In 2017, through the aforementioned human- tions with reference entities and associations. itarian corridors project, the Republic of San Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Marino received two foreign migrants in safe, Data on San Marino’s incoming migration controlled and protected conditions. San Ma- flows - Citizenship acquisition rino’s track record reflects the excellent coop- A further context indicator that the Republic eration of civil society, with a series of social of San Marino is able to provide concerns the and humanitarian collaborations, which have new acquisitions of San Marino citizenship. a positive impact on the host society and its Indeed, citizens are entitled to apply for res- capacity for inclusion and integration. idence and this right is also extended to the In this spirit, and at the strong urging of the spouse or civilly registered partner of a San

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 126 — 127 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Worth specifying is also that the law current- 2000 (Citizenship Law)” provided a re- NEW CITIZENSHIP ACQUISITIONS ly in force in the Republic for the acquisition sponse to the numerous requests for – Breakdown by age group – of San Marino citizenship is Law no. 114 of 30 intervention in citizenship legislation; November 2000 "Citizenship Law" and subse- - Law no. 47 of 2 March 2021 "Authen- Time Series quent amendments. This legislative interven- tic interpretation of paragraph 4 of Ar- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 tion also eliminated the discrimination that ticle 6 of Law no. 121 of 2 August 2019 previously existed with regard to the gender “Integrations to Law no. 114 of 30 No- Number of persons of the parent who transmitted citizenship by vember 2000 (Citizenship Law)” filled 0-17 67 64 85 80 33 32 41 35 58 35 216 descent. some regulatory gaps highlighted by 18-34 97 63 113 94 40 45 27 67 32 22 201 the competent Office. According to the above-mentioned Law, the 35-64 34 96 114 228 41 27 63 75 45 34 438 following forms of acquisition of San Marino In addition to the above, Article 1 of Law no. Over 65 8 11 15 99 9 8 21 24 20 8 67 citizenship are currently provided for in the 144 of 15 December 1997 “Amendments and Total 206 234 327 501 123 112 152 201 155 99 922 Republic: integrations to Laws no. 32 of 27 March 1984 (Citizenship Law) and no. 98 of 17 September - By ; Percentage of the total applicants 1986 (regulating Article 3 of the Citizenship - By descent; 0-17 33% 27% 26% 16% 27% 29% 27% 17% 37% 35% 23% Law)” regulates the acquisition of citizenship - By re-acquisition; by marriage. 18-34 47% 27% 35% 19% 33% 40% 18% 33% 21% 22% 22% - By acquisition; 35-64 17% 41% 35% 46% 33% 24% 41% 37% 29% 34% 48% - By marriage. INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING SDG 10 Over 65 4% 5% 5% 20% 7% 7% 14% 12% 13% 8% 7% With reference to the main legislative amend- Principle of the special and differential Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% ments, it should be noted that: treatment for developing countries - Law no. 84 of 17 June 2004 "Amend- The reference target requires the application ments to Law no. 114 of 30 November of an instrument aimed at achieving special 2000 (Citizenship Law )" introduced and differential treatment for developing the acquisition of citizenship by ori- countries, in particular least developed coun- gin at the time of birth on the basis tries, in accordance with World Trade Organi- of the so-called "maternal lineage" zation agreements. criterion; In this respect, it may be useful to identify - Law no. 38 of 22 March 2016 "Amend- the percentage value of tariff lines applied to ments to Law no. 114 of 30 November imports from least developed countries and 2000 and subsequent amendments developing countries at zero tariff. In this con- - Citizenship Law" and the relevant text, it should be noted that in the Republic implementing provisions set out in of San Marino no different tariffs are applied Regulation no. 8 of 15 April 2016 "Pro- according to the country of origin. Pursuant visions implementing Law no. 38 of 22 to Law no. 40 of 22 December 1972, import March 2016 - Amendments to Law no. tax is levied according to tariffs which differ 114 of 30 November 2000 and subse- exclusively according to the type of imported quent amendments - Citizenship Law" goods. amended the conditions and proce- dures for acquiring citizenship by nat- uralization; - Law no. 121 of 2 August 2019 "Inte- grations to Law no. 114 of 30 November

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 10 128 — 129 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 130 — 131 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 11

↗ SAN MARINO’S INCLUSION IN THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST HAS TESTIFIED TO ITS AWARENESS ↘ THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO OF LIVING IN A CONTEXT OF UNIQUE SUFFERS FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND UNREPEATABLE VALUE, IMPACTS LINKED TO WIDESPREAD WHICH CONTINUOUSLY PUSHES URBANIZATION, OUTSIDE THE THE COUNTRY TO QUESTION ITSELF HISTORIC CENTERS OF THE NINE AND FOCUS ON THE MEANING OF A MUNICIPALITIES (CASTELLI). IT CULTURAL HERITAGE FROM THE PAST. IS THEREFORE IMPORTANT TO INCREASINGLY IMPLEMENT URBAN REGENERATION POLICIES.

↗ SUSTAINABILITY AND INCLUSION POLICIES ARE THE BASIS OF THE MAIN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS ↘ SEISMIC AND OF SAN MARINO TERRITORY. HYDROGEOLOGICAL SAFETY ARE PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT, AS IT GOAL IS ASSUMED THAT ONLY A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS CURRENTLY COMPLY WITH THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS THAT CAME INTO FORCE IN 2012.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 11COGNOME 132 — 133 /11VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Although suffering from the environmental im- el, the main cause for biodiversity loss, gen- able to link public services and attraction sively improving the quality of services pacts linked to a significant land consumption erally lead to a loss of ecological resilience. poles with the consolidated city. to citizens and well-being in terms of caused by the excessive and disorderly urban This situation was generated, at least in part, air quality, landscape and services of- The draft Plan is intended as a means of over- development outside the historic centers of by a lack of or incomplete and unsatisfactory fered. coming the crisis thanks to new development the nine municipalities, the Republic of San integration of the need to protect biodiversity projects and of triggering a significant growth - Enhancing the historical heritage. Marino is implementing urban regeneration into territorial planning instruments, both at process, by putting in place a series of actions Safeguarding, protection and enhance- policies that make the communities safer and large scale and locally. for the enhancement of the existing building ment of San Marino's heritage and, at more inclusive. Indeed, sustainability and in- The issue of seismic and hydrogeological heritage and urban regeneration. The draft the same time, progressive social and clusion policies are at the basis of the main safety is also particularly important, as it is Plan acts as a new identity card for the future housing revitalization of historical planning and land management tools, such as assumed that only a small percentage of all of the entire San Marino territory, anticipating centers. the General Town Planning Scheme - SM 2030 existing buildings currently comply with the its future and involving the interests, expecta- "Garden of Europe - Microcosm of Biodiversi- legal requirements that came into force in tions and needs of citizens towards a shared ACCESSIBILITY AND ELIMINATION ty" and the UNESCO Site Management Plan. 2012. vision of urban development. OF ARCHITECTURAL BARRIERS As far as hydraulic risk is concerned, most of CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE TERRITORY The draft Plan has an essentially "strategic" With regard to the specific issue of accessi- the critical situations highlighted are local- nature and is based on four main objectives: bility and safety for the most disadvantaged Today's building heritage of the Republic of ized and linked to the difficulty of disposing of members of the population, San Marino San Marino and the consequent urban struc- rainwater during particularly intense events - Sustainable Urban Development. framework law on the elimination of archi- ture are the result of historical vicissitudes, in relation to drained and channeled sections. Assessment of the specificities of tectural barriers, Law no. 41 of 21 November economic relations, as well as structural and the territory and development ac- There are few problems in terms of inclusive- 1990 "Framework law on the protection of the urban planning decisions adopted through- cording to them, while maintaining ness linked to the movement of citizens within rights and social integration of people with out the 20th century. The only buildings not the eco-systemic quality of the areas the territory: 98% of the population has ac- disabilities", lays down the principles subse- included in this context are those located in through nature-inspired solutions and cess to public transport systems, which are quently set out in Law no. 78 of 28 September the historic centers of the nine municipalities, urban regeneration. Concomitant en- free for all students and with reduced fares for 1992 "Elimination of architectural barriers". around which, over the centuries, the lives of couragement of the enhancement of pensioners. In particular, the school transport In general, legislative measures and financial the Republic's citizens have revolved, as well the existing urban fabric, within the service covers the entire territory. With regard incentives, together with a greater awareness as some peasants' houses scattered across consolidated city. to the travel needs of people with disabilities among citizens of the mobility difficulties of the territory. The development of San Mari- and the elderly, the Disability and Residential - Making the territory safer. Increas- the disabled, are leading to interventions to no’s buildings is clearly concentrated along Care Unit and the Territorial Home Service ing urban safety as an economic, social eliminate architectural barriers, which are re- the highway San Marino-Rimini, for a strip of Unit manage the daily transport services. and environmental requirement, and flected in an improvement in the living condi- about one kilometer broad. Building density therefore concerning the welfare sys- tions of people with disabilities. increases in the flat area, accompanied by a GENERAL TOWN PLANNING SCHEME tem, services and the geological and generalized and progressive process of land In this regard, a specific working group has hydraulic framework. consumption and environmental degradation, The main strategic instrument aimed at urban been set up to launch a real "Plan for the which threatens biodiversity and has a consid- regeneration and sustainability in San Mari- - Increasing urban quality. Regen- elimination of architectural barriers" in public erable impact on the preservation of habitats no is the recent draft General Town Planning erating the building heritage in favor buildings. Such plan consists of several stag- and species. Among the direct consequences Scheme - SM 2030 "Garden of Europe - Micro- of greater efficiency to reduce emis- es, including the collection of data and in- of the current high rate of urbanization are the cosm of Biodiversity", which aims at increas- sions into the atmosphere. The aim is formation, the verification of the information loss, fragmentation and erosion of habitats ing the safety, inclusion and sustainability of to strengthen the environmental sys- collected, the assessment of the degree of and the impairment of their ecological and the Republic's urban settlements. The draft tem, in order to mitigate the effects of accessibility, the preparation of solutions for functional role, with several negative effects Scheme aims at a regeneration of the urban “built cities” and regenerate “public accessibility and cost analysis, and the draft- on the survival of populations and species, context, which may also become an opportu- cities” through a network of services ing of a multi-year action plan. The working soil permeability, rise in temperature and on nity to encourage the reconversion and energy and public spaces capable of reac- group has already prepared the methodolog- hydrogeological balance. These processes, efficiency of buildings, as well as to create a tivating urban processes. Increasing ical framework and the work will be complet- which are considered, also at a European lev- network of physical and virtual connections the city's attractiveness and progres- ed with the application of the plan throughout

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 11 134 — 135 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW the territory, with a special focus on the His- The area included within the Site comprises: Delimitation of the UNESCO Site toric Centre. The Public Works Autonomous Mount Titano and the Historic Centre of the State Corporation (AASLP) is currently defin- City of San Marino, located within its defen- ing the multi-year intervention plan. sive walls and including the three towers, lo- cated on the three peaks characterizing the SAFETY AND PREVENTION geomorphology of the Mount’s ridge; the area OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK of the market square in , under the northern side of the Mount and the slopes With regard to the specific issue of safety, of the Mount to the north, west and south. The The area includ- understood as protection from hydrogeolog- ed within the Site buffer zone includes the outer urbanization ical risk, the reference tool is the National comprises: Mount zone, which has developed outside the walls Emergency Plan of the Civil Protection, whose Titano and the Historic on the eastern side and on the furthest hills in Centre of the City of cartography shows that 42% of the territory all directions. San Marino, located falls within hydrogeological hazard areas. The within its defensive Emergency Plan is the project of all Civil Pro- walls and including the tection coordinated activities and procedures three towers, located to deal with any expected or unforeseen ca- on the three peaks characterizing the lamitous event in the territory, in order to geomorphology of the guarantee the effective and immediate use Mount’s ridge; the area of the resources necessary to overcome the of the market square in emergency. Borgo Maggiore, under the northern side of the Mount and the SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF SEISMIC RISK slopes of the Mount Considering that the territory of San Marino to the north, west and south. The buffer zone is located within an area classified by Italian includes the outer regulations (OPCM - Prime Ministerial Orders urbanization zone, no. 3274/03 and no. 3316/03, Annex A) as seis- which has developed mic zone 2, Law no. 5 of 25 January 2011 "Law outside the walls on on structural design" and related Decrees the eastern side and on the furthest hills in establish the obligation also in San Marino all directions. to design buildings considering the seismic hazard of the territory. In order to encourage compliance with this legislation, Budget Law no. 223 of 23 December 2020 has envisaged, through the so-called Anti-seismic Bonus, some incentives for work on existing buildings to reduce seismic risk, through tax deduc- tions of up to 110%.

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE San Marino was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in July 2008. The area identified as "Site" has an extension of 55 hectares, while the area identified as "Buffer" of 167 hectares.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 11 136 — 137 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Great and General Council has adopted, UNESCO Site Management Plan hancing all those aspects that are currently as part of its legal system, the "Framework The UNESCO Site Management Plan does not not functional, underused or weakened. A se- law on the protection, management, en- have a binding, regulatory or prescriptive ries of coordinated and synergic interventions hancement and promotion of the site Historic function but is rather a guiding tool, useful across several sectors is essential in the man- Centre of San Marino and Mount Titano, in- for directing and coordinating policies and agement of a complex Site such as a historic cluded in the UNESCO World Heritage List", in planning interventions on the Site as a whole center; order to ensure the preservation of the values by the various stakeholders operating in the - Action Plan 3 - Communication, promotion, of integrity and authenticity through the pro- territory. Beyond the protection of the Site, training, which contains a series of general tection and proper management of the histor- the aim of the Management Plan is also to guidelines for the promotion of the values of ical heritage, and to regulate the physical and reinforce in the institutions and in the local the UNESCO Site at various levels, from local functional interventions for the enhancement population the awareness of living in a con- to national and international, and the inter- and promotion of the Site. text of unique and unrepeatable value, which ventions proposed by the Management Plan, continuously pushes the country to question The management of the UNESCO Site is en- thus making the UNESCO Site and its funda- itself and focus on the meaning of a cultural trusted to the UNESCO Coordination Unit, mental values known to the large public; heritage from the past, interpreting it in an in- which has the following functions: terdisciplinary, responsible and creative way - Action Plan 4 - Knowledge and sharing, a) Planning and coordinating activities as a resource for the present. This is particu- which provides for the preparation of actions among all the institutional and non-in- larly true with regard to the new generations, aimed at completing, strengthening and sys- stitutional stakeholders involved in the who will have the task of continuing the work tematizing the knowledge system. implementation of the Management of protection and enhancement in the future. Plan and the Work Plans; SAFETY MANAGEMENT Finally, the drafting and implementation of b) Managing and coordinating support the Plan constitutes a circular process, which, In case of critical situations, the local civ- and technical assistance activities starting from the preparatory activities, goes il protection system can activate a surveil- during the various phases of the Plan; through the stages of knowledge (analysis), lance service on the territory to guarantee c) Monitoring the progress of the Plan; definition of objectives and strategies (de- the monitoring of the areas exposed to risk, d) Monitoring the consistency of the sign), implementation (implementing ac- especially those at very high risk during mod- initiatives proposed by public and tions) and assessment (monitoring, which is erately and highly critical periods. The Terri- non-public institutions with the gener- again also an analysis), to go back to a sub- torial Control Unit has the function of locally al strategy and objectives of the Plan; sequent redefinition of objectives, and so on. supervising, monitoring and assessing critical e) Identifying the critical issues and situations and implementing the planning and the needs of the various interventions The 4 Action Plans are the following: management of the first interventions to mit- provided for in the Plan; - Action Plan 1 - Protection and conserva- igate the risk and make the population and f) Agreeing with the various stakehold- tion of the cultural heritage, whose aim is infrastructures safe. The Territorial Control ers on priorities for the development of the systemic protection, in terms of conser- Unit is made up of the staff of the Civil Police individual parts of the Plan; vation, of urban structure, green areas and Fire-fighting Section and, if necessary, of the g) Monitoring the Site; landscape, as well as cultural and demo-eth- staff of the State Corporations, the Planning h) Drawing up the reports required by no-anthropological heritage; Office, UGRAA (ecological guards, operational UNESCO and San Marino Authority that teams and any external collaborators) and of provides directions concerning UNES- - Action Plan 2 - Sustainable use of the Site, the Civil Protection Voluntary Associations. It CO issues; enhancement of the cultural and agro-en- operates in close connection with and under i) In itinere and ex post monitoring of vironmental heritage, cultural, natural- the coordination of the Head of the Civil Pro- the activities implementing the initia- istic, sport and recreational tourism and tection Service and, upon conclusion of the tives covered by the Management Plan. socio-economic aspects, whose aim is to intervention, draws up a description thereof systematize tourist and cultural offer by en- on an appropriate form.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 11 138 — 139 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Organization of the Territorial Control Unit ONGOING INITIATIVES at the same time, offering citizens and users a better quality of life, in line with the smart In line with the measures aimed at improving city perspective. accessibility, the "San Marino for all" project has been strengthened. The objective is to Cultural heritage and landscape promote San Marino as an accessible and sus- A recent initiative related to the protection tainable destination, through the inauguration and enhancement of the cultural heritage and of Tactilia, an open-air Tactile Museum, aimed landscape is the Bill of popular initiative en- at making the artistic and cultural heritage of titled "Code of Cultural and Landscape Her- the Historic Centre accessible to visitors with itage" (2019). This Bill, which fully complies visual, hearing and motor disabilities, but with Article 10 of the Declaration on the Cit- also to offer young people and schoolchildren izens' Rights and Fundamental Principles of a valid and attractive educational tool. San Marino Constitutional Order, takes the Thanks to the creation of the project "San Ma- form of a “Code of Cultural and Landscape rino, hospitality without barriers” some sup- Heritage” aimed at regulating protection and Roads and port tools dedicated to accessible tourism enhancement from both an aesthetic and a drainage Sector have already been launched: a tourist guide historical-cultural point of view, while also containing essential information and descrip- guaranteeing a balanced relationship be- tions to allow all tourists with disabilities to tween social needs, economic activities and Signalling self-assess the degree of usability of the plac- the environment. With a view to improving the Team es to be visited, in relation to their specific functioning and compliance with the specific needs; a catalogue in Braille for the Museum nature of the cultural heritage and landscape, of San Marino rural life and traditions "Casa di this Bill envisages the replacement of the Cantonieri Fabrica"; useful information on the Republic current Commission for the Preservation of Team of San Marino in Braille; menus in Braille for Monuments with a new, exclusively technical some restaurants. body, which can legitimately and effectively Civil police intervene in each phase of the protection and (firefighting This project also includes the possibility of Building section) enhancement process, namely analysis, de- Sector renting the "Triri-de", a new and revolution- sign and supervision. ary means of moving freely, which can be attached in just a few seconds to a normal Planning manual wheelchair to turn it into a motorized office wheelchair, capable of ensuring high perfor- U.G.R.A.A. mance even on difficult routes.

Operational Technical Ecological Furthermore, worth recalling is that the first Coordination staff Guards UNWTO Conference on Accessible Tourism in Center Europe was held in San Marino on 19-20 No- vember 2014. With regard to mobility and accessibility, the Republic of San Marino adopted the Rsm_ Suite Park It_Smart Mobility Parking solu- tion. The intention is to provide added value in mobility control and parking management, thus eliminating numerous inefficiencies and,

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 11 140 — 141 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 142 — 143 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 12

↗ THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO PROMOTES THE “INTERNATIONAL DAY OF AWARENESS ON FOOD LOSS AND ↘ THE OBJECTIVE IS TO IMPROVE WASTE”, ADOPTED BY THE SECOND THE QUALITY OF LIFE BY “DOING COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED NATIONS MORE AND BETTER WITH LESS”, I.E. GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN NOVEMBER BY INCREASING THE BENEFITS IN 2019. TERMS OF WELL-BEING DERIVED FROM ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND BY REDUCING RESOURCE USE, DEGRADATION AND POLLUTION THROUGHOUT THE PRODUCTION ↗ THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO CYCLE. INTRODUCED A BAN ON THE MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION OF DISPOSABLE PLASTIC PRODUCTS. ↘ THE NATIONAL ENERGY ONLY DISPOSABLE FOOD PLAN (NEP) OF THE REPUBLIC OF CONTAINERS, CUTLERY, PLATES, SAN MARINO IS THE REFERENCE GLASSES, SHOVELS AND STRAWS DOCUMENT WITH WHICH THE MADE OF BIODEGRADABLE AND GOAL COMPOSTABLE MATERIAL WILL BE COUNTRY IDENTIFIES THE MAIN OBJECTIVES AND GUIDELINES ADMITTED FROM 1 JANUARY 2022. FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING OF THE PUBLIC ENERGY SYSTEM FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT, SAVINGS AND DISTRIBUTION.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 12COGNOME 144 — 145 /12VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The implementation of the Agenda's commit- production standards and labels containing also refers to existing incentives for the instal- postable plastic bags from 1 January 2022. A ments on sustainable production and con- increasingly detailed information. lation of photovoltaic plants, heat pumps and ban was also introduced on the marketing and sumption patterns needs to be addressed in for the purchase of electrically powered vehi- distribution of disposable plastic products for A further instrument to support the Repub- strong coordination with Target 4.7: by 2030, cles. The report emphasizes the importance of operators of commercial and handicraft ac- lic of San Marino in drawing up policies to ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge maintaining current incentives and of making tivities and providing food and drink, as well improve sustainability is the Regulatory Au- and skills needed to promote sustainable de- the whole community as aware as possible of as for vending machines in the territory of thority for Public Services and Energy. It was velopment, including, among others, through the need to invest in these technologies. the Republic. They will have to distribute only established in 2001 with the task of “ensur- education for sustainable development and disposable food containers, cutlery, plates, ing the homogeneous distribution of services sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender glasses, shovels and straws made of biode- throughout the territory, under conditions of STOP PLASTIC! equality, promotion of a culture of peace and gradable and compostable material from 1 efficiency and cost-effectiveness, in a context non-violence, global citizenship and appreci- As of 1 January 2018, lightweight and ul- January 2022. The ban is extended also to as- suitable to protect users and consumers and ation of cultural diversity and of culture’s con- tra-lightweight plastic bags used for food sociations, societies, committees and entities to provide regulated entities with a stable reg- tribution to sustainable development. Since have been banned in the Republic of San Ma- organizing events, festivals and fairs. ulatory framework, which is essential for the 2007, San Marino’s Institutions have carried rino and replaced by biodegradable and com- planning of industrial policies”. out promotional campaigns at all levels, postable shoppers available for a fee. In par- Secondly, this Authority is required to es- FOOD LOSS AND WASTE aimed at raising awareness among the popu- ticular, reference is made to bags with a lower tablish “a tariff system based on predefined lation on responsible consumption of resourc- wall thickness of less than 15 microns, with In this perspective, and with reference to variation criteria and absolute transparency, es, targeting children, private individuals and or without handles, used to transport and/or Target 12.3 on food losses and waste, worth suitable for harmonizing the economic-finan- companies. Over the years, this has allowed take away goods, for hygiene and/or as prima- noting is the contribution of the Republic of cial objectives of the managing bodies with the development of a strong sense of common ry packaging for food products such as meat, San Marino to this important issue. Indeed, the general social objectives, environmental responsibility on this topic. fish, bakery and delicatessen products, fruit it was the promoter, together with Andorra, protection and efficient use of resources, in and vegetables. Such bags must be biode- of a Resolution entitled "International Day of accordance with the economic policy guide- The objective is to improve the quality of life gradable and compostable according to the Awareness of Food Loss and Waste", adopted lines falling within the competence of elected by “doing more and better with less”, i.e. by international UNI EN 13432 standard, be made by the Second Committee of the United Na- bodies”. increasing the benefits in terms of well-be- with a renewable raw material content of at tions General Assembly in November 2019. ing derived from economic activities and by The National Energy Plan of the Republic of least 50% from 1 January 2020 (60% from 1 The Resolution was co-sponsored by more reducing resource use, degradation and pol- San Marino (NEP) is the reference document, January 2021), established according to the than 60 countries, which testifies to the great lution throughout the production cycle. This drafted by this Authority and coordinated UNI CEN/TS standard, be suitable for food interest paid to the fight against food loss and objective involves various stakeholders and with the other State planning instruments, use, and be available exclusively for a fee. waste. requires a systematic and cooperative ap- with which the Republic of San Marino identi- In order to further reduce plastic waste and to proach among those who are active in the fies the main objectives and guidelines for the The promotion of the International Day (on continue to make progress in raising citizens' supply chain, from producers to consumers. development and strengthening of the public 29 September each year) provides the best awareness of the responsible use of packag- As far as producers are concerned, it will be energy system for energy production, trans- opportunity to raise awareness of the impor- ing, in October 2020, the Congress of State or- necessary to support and facilitate their tran- port, savings and distribution. tance of combating food loss and waste and dered a ban on the use of single-use plastics sition to sustainable production through in- becomes a positive factor in generating syner- The Plan outlines, through data and energy in the institutional places of the Republic of struments that can encourage the start-up of gies at all levels (national, regional and glob- balances, the framework of San Marino’s ener- San Marino from 21 November 2021 and in all production cycles that are virtuous in terms of al). gy situation, makes forecasts, sets objectives Public Administration offices from 1 January sustainability. To this end, the introduction of and identifies the general criteria for energy 2021. The Resolution makes a specific contribution a legislation regulating the so-called benefit interventions according to environmental and to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12 companies in San Marino legal system is cur- In the same Decision, a mandate was given town planning factors. (SDG 12), which includes the Targets of halving rently being drafted. On the consumer side, to amend the current Environmental Code so per capita food waste at consumer level and campaigns are underway to raise awareness The current NEP (NEP 3) was approved by the as to introduce a ban on the marketing and reducing food losses along production and of sustainable consumption and lifestyles, Congress of State in June 2018 and has a four- distribution of plastic bags, without prejudice supply chains by 2030. while also offering adequate information on year duration (2018-2021). This document to the marketing of biodegradable and com-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 12 146 — 147 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW By adopting this Resolution, San Marino has prove the quality and quantity of waste col- nicipalities of the Republic. Thanks to this pro- and reliable management technology, taking not only contributed to enhancing the value of lection. ject, an average of 70% of waste is now sorted into account both environmental protection the ongoing debate on this specific issue, but in the areas covered, in contrast to the other and the concrete possibilities of marketing The intention was to inform and guide citizens has also paved the way for the achievement areas where the percentage of waste sorted the finished product. on responsibilities, opportunities and obliga- of one of the 2030 Agenda Goals through the is around 40%. However, the cost of the ex- tions for proper waste management. Through its own legislation, the implementa- promotion of daily choices and behaviors that perimental door-to-door collection project is tion of some (EC) Regulations in this field and are increasingly moving in the direction of It is necessary to continue to ensure that all high compared to the management of waste thanks to an agreement with the Emilia-Ro- greater fairness and environmental sustaina- users acquire and constantly improve sensi- disposal areas. Therefore, other solutions are magna region, San Marino guarantees the full bility. tivity and awareness of their strategic role in being considered to combine a high percent- traceability of the waste produced up to its the waste system and that, on a daily basis, age of separated waste with lower costs, al- Already in previous years, the Great and Gen- final recovery/disposal. Also substances that they act according to the principles of waste ways with a view to sustainability. eral Council approved a petition submitted by damage the ozone layer in the atmosphere are prevention, waste reduction, recycling and a group of citizens against food waste. This in- The use of management methods aimed at the monitored, in line with the provisions of the reuse. The main messages of the guide, which itiative called on the Government to promote maximum enhancement of waste, together Montreal Protocol. With regard to hazardous are still valid today and are also included in measures for the collection of unsold food or with prevention, i.e. reduction of waste quan- waste generated per capita and the percent- the App "San Marino Differenzia” (San Ma- food products close to their expiry date from tities by re-designing interventions and con- age of hazardous waste treated, San Marino’s rino sorts waste), together with other user large retailers. This initiative also aimed at sequently starting processes for the reconver- reference environmental legislation (Dele- support functions, are the following: to pay raising awareness on the issue of food waste sion of mass-consumption products, appear gated Decree no. 44/2012 and subsequent greater attention to separate waste collec- through the creation of training programs for to be necessary to drastically reduce the amendments and integrations) establishes tion; to disseminate the importance of the the collection of unsold food in schools and quantities of solid urban waste destined for all the requirements necessary to trace waste reasons to differentiate; to illustrate how to hospitals. final disposal. Reducing the amount of waste and provides for the compilation of the Waste recognize and separate the different types of to be sent to landfill is indeed necessary from Register for all producers of hazardous waste In addition, events have been organized by waste; to illustrate in a transparent manner an environmental, economic and social point operating in the territory (Art. 27, paragraph 3 the public and private sectors in San Marino the life cycle of waste; to invite users to use of view. sub. d of Delegated Decree no. 44/2012). to raise awareness on this issue, so that food the Waste Collection Centre in San Giovanni. waste can continue to be reduced through the Individual users may take both bulky and non- This is done, for example, by recovering frac- Considering the legal provisions in force and adoption of sustainable practices related to bulky waste, for proper disposal, to the latter tions containing easily recyclable materials. the control systems implemented by the com- food at all stages. Centre, where the competent staff provides Among these, the fraction of greatest interest petent bodies of the Republic of San Marino, assistance and users can be credited cash in- is the biodegradable organic fraction, both it can be said that the production of hazard- WASTE AS A RESOURCE centives. because it constitutes the largest part (30% ous waste is completely traced and the entire of total waste, with reference to garden waste, As far as waste management is concerned, in Moreover, free home collection service is pro- quantity managed each year is disposed of/ market waste, collective catering waste, etc.) 2014 San Marino drew up a practical guide for vided for a single piece of furniture or 4 tires, recovered in a manner and at facilities that and because its disposal is the greatest cause separate waste collection, which was made and it is possible to request a home composter. are appropriate to the intrinsic hazard of the of pollution. In addition, due to its heteroge- available online and sent to the entire popula- waste. The amount of hazardous waste gen- In the Republic of San Marino there are no neous chemical composition, the biodegrad- tion by post on recycled paper. This initiative erated (HW) in 2019 is equal to 3,775 tons per problems related to waste abandonment. able organic fraction constitutes an ideal was part of a major environmental commu- year, with a per capita production of hazard- However, in order to maintain a high level substrate for various microorganisms and can nication campaign, devised within the Waste ous waste of 112 kg per year per inhabitant. of control, a video surveillance system was therefore be easily transformed, by means of Management Observatory, with the aim of The area-related production of hazardous installed some time ago, including in waste a suitable composting process, into a highly promoting sharing and participation among waste amounts to 61.7 tons per year per km2. disposal areas, to detect and record incor- fertilizing organic manure (compost). citizens, so that "single virtuous actions" be- In general, considering the small size of the rect behavior on the part of users. An e-mail come collective and consolidated practices. Within this general framework, the Public Util- territory, the reduced number of companies address and "San Marino Differenzia" App are ities Autonomous State Corporation (AASS) operating in this sector in the Republic of San The aim of the guide was to help citizens to be also available to citizens to report violations. has set the objective of producing a high qual- Marino and their limited storage capacity, it constantly informed and active in relation to In 2016, an experimental door-to-door waste ity compost, with low plant costs and a simple can be stated that all the hazardous waste the waste collection system, in order to im- collection project was launched in some mu-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 12 148 — 149 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW produced is sent for treatment. Finally, a na- made free of charge for restaurants in the His- tional recycling rate of 92% was recorded on toric Centre. Another project inaugurated in the basis of 2019 data. 2020 is the "Titano Pathway", a 43 km path- way in the nature to discover the lesser known Again with a view to more responsible pro- parts of the Republic of San Marino and enjoy duction, also considering that the majority an unforgettable green experience, surround- of private waste is food, pruning and garden ed by a unique and varied landscape. The new waste, the current Government is developing loop pathway completes the 110 km network policies to enhance the agri-food chain and in of paths, linking 8 routes along all 9 munici- this regard has already approved in July 2020 palities of the Republic. a Delegated Decree on organic farming. As regards the rationalization of the use of Also in the tourism sector, which in a country sustainable fuels, as mentioned above, San like San Marino contributes to an important Marino already offers incentives to those who part of GDP, strategies are being put in place purchase electrically-powered vehicles. There to attract an increasingly responsible and sus- are also public recharging stations for plug-in tainable tourism. During this year, due to the vehicles in various parts of the territory. ongoing pandemic, the idea of tourism had to be revolutionized by devising new activities Finally, the Government is assessing some and situations to avoid mass gatherings as projects that could facilitate the transition to much as possible. The Government has there- electric vehicles, and is also committed to in- fore made great efforts to support new ideas. tervening on the State's vehicle fleet. For example, the use of public land has been

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 12 150 — 151 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 152 — 153 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 13

↗ IN ORDER TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE, SAN MARINO GOVERNMENT HAS ESTABLISHED AN EFFECTIVE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AIMED ↘ IN RESPONSE TO THE INCREASED AT IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, FREQUENCY OF EXTREME WEATHER DEVELOPING AND DISSEMINATING EVENTS, IN PARTICULAR HEAVY OR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ABSENT RAINFALL AND PERIODS (RES) AND PROTECTING THE WITH TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES, ENVIRONMENT. IT IS IMPORTANT FOR SAN MARINO TO IMPLEMENT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES. ↗ SAN MARINO HAS ALREADY IMPLEMENTED SOME MEASURES TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE ↘ CLIMATE CHANGE IN SAN IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN HEALTH MARINO IS STRONGLY INFLUENCED AND IS WORKING TOWARDS THE BY GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, APPLICATION OF OTHER MEASURES GOAL CAUSED BY THE CONSUMPTION IN THE AREA OF WATER SUPPLY AND OF FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORT, AGRICULTURE. HEATING OF BUILDINGS, AS WELL AS IN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 13COGNOME 154 — 155 /13VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The Republic of San Marino, one of the first on external sources; States to sign the Framework Convention on - In agriculture, rising temperatures Climate Change, has been strongly commit- and summer droughts generally have ted, over the last years, to reducing its green- a negative impact on the most wide- house gas emissions, both by complying with spread crops in the territory; the undertakings it made in ratifying the Con- - For forests and ecosystems, the deg- vention, and by adopting Laws that promote radation of woodland and the increase energy saving and the use of renewable ener- in fires are the most probable result of gy sources. climate change. San Marino has already implemented some San Marino’s contribution to climate change measures to adapt to climate change in the depends on its greenhouse gas emissions, field of human health and is working towards caused by the consumption of fossil fuels in the application of other measures in the area transport, heating of buildings, as well as in of water supply and agriculture. industry and agriculture. The Republic of San Marino does not have CLIMATE CHANGE IN SAN MARINO any electricity production plants or waste The data recorded by San Marino meteoro- disposal plants. Therefore, almost all green- Annual average temperature recorded by the meteorological station of San Marino from 1932 logical station show a trend in the country’s house gas emissions come from the energy to 2010 (Source: “The Second Communication of the Republic of San Marino to the United climate in line with the global one, i.e. an in- sector and are linked to the use of fossil fuels Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”) crease in average temperatures and a higher for transport and heating of buildings. More frequency of extreme events. than half the emissions of greenhouse gases are due to the selling of fuel in the transport The frequency of extreme meteorological sector, which necessarily includes consump- events, in particular heavy or absent rainfall tion by nonresident people who work in San and periods with temperature anomalies, has Marino or enter the territory for tourist or oth- considerably increased over the last years. In er purposes. particular, periods with no or low rainfall and hot temperatures, resulting in heat waves and The industrial sector contributes to the emis- droughts, are becoming more and more fre- sion of non-methane volatile organic com- quent. It is possible to estimate the general pounds, while the agricultural sector is re- effects of increasing temperatures and de- sponsible for the emission of methane and creasing rainfall in various areas: nitrous oxide. In addition, the agricultural sector is the largest contributor to meth- - For human health, rising tempera- ane emissions. These derive mainly from the tures can increase the frequency of breeding sector, due to enteric fermentation heat waves and food infections, which during the digestive process of animals and to pose serious risks, especially to weak- the management of manure. er groups of the population. In addi- tion, this can favor the spread of infec- tious diseases transmitted by vectors; - With regard to water supply, in a con- Annual average rainfall from 1924 to 2010 (Source: “The Second Communication of the text of substantial decrease in rainfall, Republic of San Marino to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”) San Marino is extremely vulnerable, since it is already heavily dependent

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 13 156 — 157 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW LEGISLATION AND PLANNING in particular fluorinated gases, although not - The climatic characteristics of the pean legislation; directly damaging the ozone layer, are pow- territory (D.D. no. 88 of 25 June 2009); - Planning of the State energy require- In order to combat climate change, the Repub- erful greenhouse gases with a strong impact - The feed-in of electricity from RES ments; lic of San Marino has passed some legislative on global warming and therefore issued Par- (D.D. no. 89 of 25 June 2009); - Reduction of costs relative to energy measures to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas liamentary Decree no. 181 of 2020, through - The establishment of the Energy import; emissions, which are highly climate-chang- which it transposed the Kigali Amendment Desk (D.D. no. 91 of 25 June 2009); - Diversification of energy supply ing. In particular, In September 2009 the to the Montreal Protocol on substances that - The establishment of the Feed-in sources; first National Communication to the United deplete the ozone layer. By doing this, it has Tariff (D.D. no. 92 of 25 June 2009, sub- - Promotion and implementation of re- Nations Framework Convention on Climate decided to gradually reduce the production sequently amended by D.D. no. 20 of 6 newable energy plants: solar thermal, Change was completed and since then oth- and use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), namely March 2012); solar photovoltaic, heat pumps; er important steps forward have been taken, the most common type of fluorinated green- - The definition of energy performance - Promotion and development of ener- such as the ratification, in April 2010, of the house gases, and to add them to the list of classes of buildings (D.D. no. 126 of 17 gy efficient technologies; . This last step has contribut- controlled substances, in order to gradually September 2009); - Reduction of polluting and green- ed to the completion of a process started in reduce global production and consumption - The establishment of the Energy Cer- house gas emissions; 1992 with the signing of the Convention. In thereof. tifiers' Register and the organization - Promotion of energy efficiency in the meantime, a permanent technical work- of the Service for the Management of buildings, moving from non-repayable ing group dealing exclusively with climate Always in order to combat climate change, Energy Procedures (D.D. no. 127 of 21 incentives to tax deductions; change issues has been consolidated and has San Marino Government has established an September 2009); - Increasing electric and hydrogen mo- also drafted the Second National Communi- effective regulatory framework aimed at im- - The encouragement of energy inter- bility through incentives. cation. The latter takes stock of the following proving energy chain efficiency, developing ventions (D.D. no. 128 of 21 September areas: a) national circumstances relevant to and disseminating renewable energy sources Further legislative measures have strength- 2009); greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions; (RES) and protecting the environment. ened the fight against climate change, cov- - The energy audit requirement for b) greenhouse gas inventory; c) measures ering aspects such as: incentives to buy low The Ministry of Territory and Environment large users (D.D. no. 129 of 21 Septem- adopted or planned for the implementation of environmental impact vehicles (Delegated promoted the adoption of numerous delegat- ber 2009); the Convention; d) climate change scenarios Decree no. 4 of 23 January 2009), waste man- ed decrees implementing Law no. 72 of 7 May - The provisions implementing and and vulnerability assessment; e) information agement (Delegated Decree n. 23 of 4 March 2008 “Promotion and enhancement of energy amending Law no. 72 of 7 May 2008 on monitoring, research, education and train- 2009), exploitation of biomass and produc- efficiency in buildings and of renewable energy (D.D. no. 84 of 17 July 2012). ing and awareness raising. tion of energy from RES in the agricultural sec- use in the civil and industrial sectors”. These Always in the field of energy, the 2018-2020 tor (Delegated Decree no. 158 of 21 September With Decree no. 94 of 31 July 2018, San Mari- delegated decrees have allowed, among oth- National Energy Plan of the Republic of San 2010). no confirms its regulatory process to support er things, a significant spread of photovoltaic Marino (NEP 3) was adopted (through Deci- the fight against climate change, by ratifying technology in the territory through the Feed- The interest of San Marino in the fight against sion no. 22 of 21 March 2018) to replace NEP the Paris Agreement adopted during the XXI in Tariff instrument, the promotion of the pur- climate change is confirmed by the issuance 2. This instrument identifies the main objec- Conference of the States Parties to the Unit- chase of plants powered by renewable energy of Decision no. 28 of 7 December 2020, which tives and guidelines for the development and ed Nations Framework Convention on Climate sources with incentives from the State in the updated the Technical Working Group on Cli- strengthening of the State energy system for Change. San Marino has passed some legis- form of interest rate subsidies and non-repay- mate Change, established in 2009, and iden- the production, transport, distribution and lative measures to progressively reduce the able grants, and the promotion of energy and tified the following new objectives: saving of energy, with a view to increasing en- use of substances defined as having a green- quality upgrading of buildings. ergy independence from other countries and - By 30 March 2021, preparation of the house effect and therefore entailing the de- The most direct and important consequence from non-renewable sources. analysis and drafting of the regulation pletion of the ozone layer. In this regard, the of the 2008-2011 NEP was the approval of Law for the necessary legislative adapta- Republic has regulated the gradual elimina- no. 72/2008, which redefined the competenc- With the entry into force of the NEP, the fol- tion following the acceptance of the tion of substances such as hydrochlorofluor- es and functions of the Regulatory Authority lowing is expected: Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Pro- ocarbons (HCFC) and chlorofluorocarbons for Public Services and Energy. This Law was - Adaptation of San Marino's legislative tocol on Substances that Deplete the (CFC). However, San Marino acknowledged followed by implementing Delegated Decrees and regulatory framework to Italian Ozone Layer; that the gases replacing these substances, concerning: legislation and, consequently, to Euro- - By 30 June 2021, updating of the

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 13 158 — 159 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW available data on greenhouse gas bon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous emissions in San Marino, currently oxide (N₂O). The estimates of indirect green- Greenhouse gases Formula GWP factor CO₂ equivalents (Gg) dating back to 2014, and preparation house gas emissions, such as nitrogen oxides of the analysis and proposals for the (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and non-meth- 2005 2007 2010 2012 2014 implementation of the commitments ane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) are Carbon dioxide CO2 1 233.65 243.45 278.09 230.42 229.67 undertaken at international level to also reported. reduce emissions by 20% compared to Methane CH4 21 3.22 3.02 2.94 2.84 3.00 The sectors considered, for which the exploit- 2005 levels by 2030; able and relatively precise data referring to Nitrous oxide N2O 310 3.28 3.55 3.80 3.18 3.06 - Preparation of the analysis and pro- the period 2005-2010 have been collected, Total (excluding 240.15 250.02 284.83 236.43 235.74 posals to update the legislative-reg- are the following: energy, industrial process- absorption) ulatory framework for the promotion es, agriculture and land use. With regard to CO2 absorption CO2 1 -10.45 -10.46 -10.48 -10.51 -10.54 and encouragement of energy efficien- the latter sector, since San Marino has acced- cy in buildings and renewable energy Total (including 229.70 239.56 274.35 225.92 225.20 ed to the Kyoto Protocol, supplementary LU- in civil and industrial sectors, currently absorption) LUCF methodologies have been used for the based on Law no. 48 of 3 April 2014 and activities under the Kyoto Protocol by making subsequent delegated decrees. Total greenhouse gas CO2 equivalent emissions of the Republic of San Marino in 2005, 2007, a distinction between removals of CO₂ due to 2010, 2012 and 2014. reforestation activities and those due to for- MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING est management. To calculate CO₂ absorption The meteorological station of San Marino, related to San Marino land use, the factors which is important for monitoring purposes, used by Italy for the Emilia Romagna region Sector CO₂ equivalents (Gg) is included in the network of meteorological were used, since the type of vegetation is data collection of the Emilia Romagna region comparable. 2005 2007 2010 2012 2014 (Italy). It collects and systematically observes The data used to implement the national Energy 236.24 246.37 281.42 233.31 232.51 numerous meteorological parameters, such emission inventory are taken from various as air temperature, rainfall, snowfall, winds, Agriculture 3.91 3.65 3.41 3.13 3.07 public offices competent to manage such in- humidity, etc. Also San Marino Naturalistic ventory. With regard to the use of fuels, since Waste 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 Centre carries out research activities on the there is no internal production, data are taken Total CO2 equivalent emissions excluding 240.15 250.02 284.83 236.43 235.74 Republic's environment and on the influence from the recording of imports for each single LULUCF of climate change on local fauna and flora. destination carried out by the Tax Office of the Land-use and forestry change -10.45 -10.46 -10.48 -10.51 -10.54 The result of the monitoring of climate-chang- Republic of San Marino. Data relative to meth- Total CO2 equivalent emissions including 229.70 239.56 274.35 225.92 225.20 ing emissions in the Republic of San Marino is ane consumption are provided by AASS, which LULUCF the National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases manages the import and distribution of meth- (GHG) for the Republic of San Marino (see ta- ane on the territory, by making a distinction Overall CO2 equivalent emissions in Gg by sector ble below). among supply for domestic use, production and services. Data concerning the produc- Instruments for monitoring tion sector are collected through the Office climate-changing emissions for Industry, Handicraft and Trade, while data in the Republic of San Marino relative to agriculture, livestock breeding and land use are provided by UGRAA. The National Inventory of Greenhouse Gas- es (GHG) for the Republic of San Marino has been implemented on the basis of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines by estimating the emissions of car-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 13 160 — 161 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ONGOING INITIATIVES has already been signed with the promoting ritory and is responsible for the relevant data companies. This would entail an initial in- collection and dissemination. Moreover, it As far as education is concerned, San Marino vestment in the Republic of 10 million Euro carries out training and information activities schools have already been working for sev- to create an ecosystem of incentives for the directed to schools and citizens. eral years in the field of environmental and adoption of sustainable behavior by citizens, sustainable development education. This is San Marino Naturalistic Centre carries out while using blockchain technology. This pro- demonstrated by the fact that environmental public awareness activities through cycles of ject has aroused great interest at internation- knowledge is an integral part of curricula at all conferences on San Marino's natural environ- al level because it would lead to the creation school levels. The purpose of environmental ments, teacher training initiatives and educa- of the world's first ecosystem geared towards and sustainable development education is to tional activities for students. achieving the Sustainable Development Goals substantially change individual and collective through the use of this new technology. Among the Naturalistic Centre’s research ac- behaviors and attitudes. All themes proposed tivities are the monitoring and analysis of the have a common denominator: a) experiencing The Low Carbon Ecosystem project has al- presence of exotic species, facilitated by the the environment in order to appreciate it; b) ready been illustrated in Goal 7 and reference current climate change, in the ecosystems of recognizing how everyday behavior affects the should therefore be made to such Goal for San Marino territory. environment. more details. Concepts and knowledge are not fixed in Regarding policies to raise public awareness themselves. Therefore, specific methods and of climate change, in the Republic of San Ma- instruments are chosen to promote voluntary rino several institutional and non-governmen- processes of change through action. This is tal bodies promote information and public why environmental education issues are often awareness campaigns. dealt with through direct experience. The Ministries of Environment and of Rela- tions with the Public Utilities Autonomous Moreover, in recent years, climate change is- State Corporation promote annual campaigns sues have become more of a focus of public to encourage separate waste collection and opinion, thanks to the activities of institu- the reduction of drinking water and electricity tional and non-governmental bodies. This has consumption. Local press and television play increased the population's knowledge of the a crucial role in these campaigns. adverse effects of climate change on human beings and nature. The Ministry of Territory and Environment, in collaboration with various offices, bodies and Climate change mitigation can be implement- associations, promotes each year the "Ecolo- ed by San Marino also through adhesion to the gy Day". This event aims at disseminating and Blockchain Ecosystem. However, the current increasing awareness of environmental issues regulatory framework in this field, although and environmentally friendly culture, by en- attracting international interest, is still in- couraging green behaviors and careful man- complete and requires, for its full functioning, agement of available territorial resources. structural changes. Such changes would allow During the Ecology Day, didactic laboratories, the establishment of operators in this sector, competitions for schools and a waste collec- as well as the implementation of some strate- tion program in woods and natural areas are gic projects, already identified in terms of de- organized. sign and details, promoted by high standing international players. In particular, reference The Prevention Department of the Social Se- is made to the Low Carbon Ecosystem project, curity Institute manages a network for the for which a Memorandum of Understanding monitoring of environmental data on the ter-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 13 162 — 163 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 164 — 165 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 15

↗ THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO HAS INTRODUCED NEW OR UPDATED REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS AND HAS UNDERTAKEN AN ENVIRONMENTAL ↘ A SIGNIFICANT PROCESS OF POLICY BASED ON CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION ACTIONS TO PRESERVE AND RESTORE ACTIVITIES AND URBANIZATION THE NATURALNESS CONDITIONS OF CONTINUES TO TAKE LARGE AREAS ECOSYSTEMS. AWAY FROM THE NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE, LEADING TO ECOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS FOR THOSE SPECIES THAT REQUIRE LARGE ↗ SAN MARINO SCHOOLS ARE AND CONTINUOUS TERRITORIES. THE BEST PLACES TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY AS EXPERIENCE OF DEMOCRACY AND ↘ PART OF SAN MARINO'S INTERCULTURAL EXCHANGE, AS TERRITORY IS MADE UP OF SOILS WELL AS A CRITIC ANALYSIS OF GOAL WHICH GIVE RISE TO A VERY THE VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL RUGGED OROGRAPHY AND ARE PROBLEMS. OFTEN SUBJECT TO DISORDER AND FREQUENT LANDSLIDES.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 15COGNOME 166 — 167 /15VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Despite its high level of anthropization, the which they are subject have sometimes led followed by olive groves, vineyards and or- of land destined to crops and grazing and the Republic of San Marino, still has a fairly high to the formation of badlands. Other hills, on chards) accounts for 41%. 16% is woodland consequent colonization by shrub and tree level of biodiversity. In line with Goal 15, it has which the villages of (340 m with a prevalence of deciduous oaks and oth- vegetation have favored the establishment of introduced new or updated regulatory instru- a.s.l.) and (260 m a.s.l.) stand, are er broadleaf trees, while shrubs, bushes and wood-related species, which were not present ments and has undertaken an environmental located in the eastern part and have raised areas of evolving tree and shrub vegetation in the past. Only for certain sedentary species policy based on concrete actions to preserve from the gypseous-sulphurous strip. As is the account for 17%. Badlands account for 4%, may the evolution of agricultural ecosystems and sometimes restore the naturalness condi- case for calcareous formations, besides tec- while watercourses for less than 1%. Despite and poor management of hunting activity tions of ecosystems. tonic transformations, these are subject to its limited extension, the territory is in gener- have had a significant influence on the reduc- karst processes that have led to the formation al characterized by extremely heterogeneous tion of populations. On the other hand, the GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL of dolines, sinkholes and natural cavities. environments and varied micro habitats, in- general increase in average temperatures has CONFORMATION cluding woods, shrubbery, glades, cultivated caused the proliferation and spread of various On the other hand, the north-eastern slope land, cliffs, small valleys, small watercourses species of invertebrates, many of which of The Republic of San Marino is located at the has a gentler hilly morphology, with less pro- and urban areas. Thanks to this variety and tropical origin, and of birds and reptiles with southernmost end of the Romagna Apennines, nounced slopes, but even here there are bad- the considerable number of ecotonal zones a more strictly Mediterranean distribution. about 15 km from the . It has a lands and steep slopes generated mainly by (i.e. transitional areas from one type of en- Rising temperatures are of great concern, es- total area of 6,119 hectares (61.19 km2) and landslides of the indigenous Pliocene clay vironment to the other), San Marino territory pecially for those species that are linked to lies between the provinces of Rimini (north- soils (grey-blue pelites). The low hill and val- provides the ideal conditions for the settle- water or live in cooler microclimates. ern, eastern and western borders) and Pesa- ley floor morphological zone, having a fairly ment of several animal and plant species. ro-Urbino (southern border). The morpholog- limited extension, is located only near the Alongside the phenomena that have recently ical conformation of the territory, which lies flowing beds of the main watercourses. The The current general situation of biodiversi- led (and continue to lead) to changes in the between 53 and 739 meters above sea level, most consistent flat area is located between ty in the territory of the Republic appears to populations of some species (both positive is due to its extremely rich and complex ge- and and is crossed by the be substantially acceptable, although the and negative), the significant (and always ological nature. Its evolution is the result of winding course of Ausa torrent. Smaller valley high degree of anthropization must always be negative) process of development of produc- a particular geodynamic phenomenon called floor areas are also located along the course borne in mind. The use of more technological tion activities and urbanization takes large the Marecchia Valley Layer, which marks the of San Marino and Marano torrents. These agricultural production systems has not sig- areas away from the natural and agricultural strip of the Apennines between Savio and three main watercourses, together with other nificantly altered local ecological conditions, landscape. This causes a strong increase in Conca rivers. smaller ones within their corresponding hy- thanks to the natural geomorphology of the anthropic disturbance on the territory, with drographic basins, have a water regime typ- territory and to prudent agro-forestry poli- ecological limitations for those species that The central-western part of the landscape is ical of torrents. Indeed, their flow rate varies cies. Moreover, the progressive abandonment need large and continuous areas. characterized by a series of calcarenite rock considerably during the year in relation to the formations (San Marino Formation), with high seasonal periods when the highest rainfall cliffs, consisting primarily of Mount Titano occurs. Heavy rainfall concentrated in a few (739 m a.s.l.) and other lower hills, such as days and sometimes in a few hours can cause Monte Carlo (559 m a.s.l.), Monte Seghizzo short-lived, intense flood waves with marked (550 m a.s.l.) Penniciola (543 m a.s.l.), Pog- erosion phenomena. gio Castellano (535 m a.s.l.), Monte Moganzio (496 m a.s.l.), Montecerreto (458 m a.s.l.), HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS Monte Deodato (453 m a.s.l.), Montecuc- co (388 m a.s.l.). These are exotic enormous Despite the fact that more than half of the boulders embedded in soils of the heteroge- territory is characterized by artificial and ag- neous chaotic complex with a prevalent clay ricultural land use, there are still small por- component (Valmarecchia varicolored clays). tions that retain their naturalness and a good These soils give rise to a very rugged orog- degree of ecosystem functionality. Approxi- raphy and are often subject to disorder and mately 21% of the territory is urbanized. The frequent landslides. The erosive processes to utilized agricultural area (mainly arable land,

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 15 168 — 169 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Figure 1: Index of vegetation naturalness in the Republic of San Marino LEGISLATION AND PLANNING environmental protection, the safeguarding of the landscape and the sustainable use of (from the Fifth National Report to the 2016 Convention on Biological Diversity) In recent years, the Public Administration resources, in line with European requirements has begun to operate in the various sectors (see table below). falling within its competence with a view to

International Conventions on environmental matters to which San Marino is a State party

The Republic of San Marino is a State party to the following International Conventions on environmental matters: - Protocol relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, done at on 17 February 1978; - Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, done at Vienna on 22 March 1985; - Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, done at Montreal on 16 September 1987 and subsequent London, , Montreal, Beijing and Kigali amendments; - Framework Convention on Climate Change, done at New York on 9 May 1992; - Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, done at Kyoto on 11 December 1997; - Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, done at Doha on 8 December 2012; - Paris Agreement, done at Paris on 12 December 2015; - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, done at Paris on 14 October 1994; - Convention on Biological Diversity, done at Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992; - International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, done at Washington on 2 December 1946; - Protocol Amending the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, done at Washington on 19 November 1956; - Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), done at Washington on 3 March 1973; - Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats (EUROBATS), done at London on 4 December 1991; - European Landscape Convention, done at Florence on 20 October 2000.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 15 170 — 171 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Thanks to this awareness of the intrinsic value flora and fauna (Law no. 126 of 16 November of actions, such as: ecosystem connection of systematization of public and private green and importance, also economic, of the com- 1995). These provisions regulate the manage- parks included in the Detailed Plan to create areas for the creation of ecological corridors; plex structure of ecosystems, guaranteeing ment of Protected Nature Areas, understood a linear park; enhancement and reforestation enhancement of services and slow mobility ecosystem services essential to us and consti- by Law no. 126/1995 as parts of the territory of the wooded area around Mount Titano; routes within the natural areas. tuting our landscape, new or updated legisla- having landscape and/or environmental im- tive instruments have been timely introduced portance and characteristics of naturalness and effective action has been taken to pre- and/or conservation integration. serve and sometimes restore the naturalness 10 STRATEGIC -4% OF LAND Various degrees of protection are applied to 40 HECTARES CONSUMPTION conditions of ecosystems. AREAS FOR THE these areas, which represent 39% of the na- DEVELOPMENT OF OF PROTECTED COMPARED TO The legislative framework of San Marino has tional territory, including Nature Reserves THE REPUBLIC WOODER AREAS CURRENT PRG FORECASTS a complex set of laws that directly and indi- and Integral Nature Reserves. Through the rectly protect the Republic's biodiversity and above provisions, the Administration intends 1 KM FOR A NEW ecosystems. These laws regulate aspects such to achieve the objectives set out below: 24 KM OF GREEN BOULEVARD 180000 SQM OF as agriculture, hunting, economic develop- CORRIDORS TO BE FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS TO BE 1. Protection and safeguard of the relevant ment, management of wildlife, flora and other PRESERVED SPACES AND REGENERATED areas through an integrated management SLOW MOBILITY organisms, set ethical standards of behavior plan that preserves their agricultural, ecolog- and identify Public Administration bodies that ical-environmental, landscape, naturalness perform control and management functions. 2000 HECTARES 130 HECTARES and hydrogeological characteristics; OF AGRICULTURAL OF ECOLOGICAL The Environmental Code (Delegated Decree LAND FOR ORGANIC CORRIDORS IN 2. Rational use of the territory where primary no. 44 of 27 April 2012) is a fundamental and PRODUCTION THE URBAN and secondary urbanization interventions are effective tool for the improvement of environ- envisaged, taking account of settlement and mental conditions and a wise and rational use structural typologies that integrate with the of natural resources. The Code is updated to characteristics of said areas covered by the the latest European standards and its imple- reference implementing rules: mentation entails the following: a thorough prior assessment of environmental impact of 3. Activation of processes to manage such ar- certain works or activities; a careful monitor- eas and related to hydrogeological preserva- ing of air quality and a reduction in emissions tion. related to road traffic and industrial produc- As is evident from the name, environmental is- tion plants; a reduction in noise and electro- sues are central also to the new General Town magnetic pollution; a careful monitoring and Planning Scheme "SM 2030 Garden of Europe prevention of water and soil pollution by de- - Microcosm of Biodiversity", which proposes creasing toxic substances in the environment; the strengthening of San Marino’s ecological a more sustainable waste management, aimed system by enhancing indigenous ecosystems at reducing the related environmental impact and natural resources. In particular, the Plan by minimizing pollution and emissions. has the following objectives: a) to ensure the Another important step is the adoption of the continuity of ecological networks; b) to pro- Detailed Plan of Protected Nature Areas and tect and enhance natural areas, parks and the related Implementing Technical Rules, green areas; c) to safeguard ecosystems and provided for in the General Town Planning biodiversity; d) to repopulate indigenous fau- Scheme (Law no. 7 of 29 January 1992) and in na; e) to reforest and renaturalize parts of the the Framework Law on the protection of the anthropogenic territory. In order to pursue environment and the safeguard of landscape, these objectives, the Plan envisages a series

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 15 172 — 173 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW In line with environmental protection policies, gress of State, which may implement ies, reports, computer-multimedia and To this end, the Working Group for Sustaina- the legislation on energy saving promotes and them also by decree; video-photographic material and other ble Development was set up (Decision no. 11 encourages energy efficiency of buildings, 3. Proposing any changes in restocking tools for the documentation and dis- of 5 May 2020) with the aim of drawing up a also thanks to the introduction of energy au- areas and wildlife sanctuaries to the semination of naturalistic-environmen- "Plan of interventions to achieve the Sustaina- diting, including for industrial plants, accord- Congress of State, which may imple- tal culture; ble Development Goals (SDGs)" of the United ing to a multi-year National Energy Plan. The ment them by decree; - The collection, study and exhibition to Nations 2030 Agenda. The Plan will be struc- promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) 4. Adopting the most appropriate the public, in special sections dedicat- tured around the thematic areas of the 2030 and energy efficiency mainly concerns photo- guidelines and directives for the man- ed to ornithology, fauna, earth sciences Agenda: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace voltaic and solar thermal sectors, micro wind agement and protection of wildlife and and the most representative natural en- and Partnerships (5 Ps) and will provide for and mini hydroelectric power, as well as co- its habitats throughout the country in vironments of the territory, of natural- six-monthly reviews of the strategies using generation plants. The great attention paid by accordance with the wildlife plan for istic materials and findings of relevant indicators necessary for a timely, objective Institutions to issues related to environmental huntable species; scientific and documentary interest, and rigorous analysis of the data. Each area is impact is demonstrated by the fact that, in 5. Establishing the modalities of inter- with particular reference to the local made up of a system of strategic choices cor- 2014, the Government adopted the reform of vention and compensation for farmers environment; responding to national strategic objectives. the Law on the promotion and enhancement who implement agricultural practices - The organization, in collaboration In recent years, the State has greatly invest- of energy efficiency in buildings and of renew- designed to harmonize their activities with scientific institutes, universities, ed in an important aspect, i.e. education and able energy use in the civil and industrial sec- with the preservation of and increase schools, associations, entities and pri- training on the general themes concerning tors (Law no. 72 of 7 May 2008). in wildlife and related habitats; vate individuals, of educational and the environment, climate change and the im- 6. Identifying the areas supporting training activities, as well as the imple- portance of biodiversity. In San Marino school hunting activities; mentation of specific study and research MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING system, these concepts are part of the more 7. Report annually to the Great and projects; comprehensive subject of “Environmental and The Institute which, at a national level, deals General Council, through the Minister - The promotion of a system of tourism Sustainable Development Education”. mainly with issues related to biodiversity is of Environment and upon ratification proposals that are increasingly respect- San Marino Naturalistic Centre (CNS), found- of the decree regulating hunting activi- ful of natural ecosystems through the This subject includes a wide range of activi- ed in 1997 with the aim of creating a cultural ties, on the state of wildlife and related dissemination of naturalistic and eco- ties aimed at promoting among the young the center in the field of Natural and Environmen- habitats. logical information; knowledge of the natural environment, raising tal Sciences and to contribute to the diffusion - Technical and scientific services and their awareness of major environmental is- The CNS is also designated as Scientific Au- of naturalistic-environmental culture and to advice to the State and other Organiza- sues and encouraging them to behave in such thority within the framework of the Law on promote the knowledge and enhancement tional Units of the Public Administration. a way as to avoid waste of natural resources. international trade in species of wild flora of San Marino's valuable natural and land- In San Marino schools, environmental educa- and fauna (CITES) and monitors the natural- scape heritage. In 2012, the CNS has become ONGOING INITIATIVES tion involves the understanding of relations istic aspects of the territory through study an Organizational Unit of the Department of with or within the ecosystem, education to and research activities in this field, both in- San Marino intends to define a strategic pro- Territory and Environment and is home to the active citizenship through participation in so- dependently and in collaboration with other gram and to implement policies aimed at Observatory on Wild Fauna and the related cial processes, as well as the perspective of Organizational Units of the Administration tackling environmental, economic and social Habitats, which is entrusted with the man- sustainability. and/or other entities or private individuals. issues for a sustainable development of the agement of actions to protect biodiversity, In particular, the areas of competence of the country, reconciling economic growth with The purpose of Environmental and Sustaina- namely: CNS concern: environmental protection, social protection ble Development Education is to substantial- 1. Drawing up the draft hunting sea- - The promotion and implementation of and promotion, setting sustainability as a de- ly change individual and collective behaviors sons, annually submitted to the Con- study, research and monitoring activi- velopment model, and creating a new circu- and attitudes. All subjects contribute to Envi- gress of State for its approval by de- ties related to fauna, flora, vegetation lar economic model, with low CO2 emissions, ronmental and Sustainable Development Ed- cree; and other naturalistic aspects of the resilient to climate change and other global ucation since this subject involves the entire 2. Proposing any changes to the hunt- territory; changes that cause loss of biodiversity and curriculum. Many issues can be easily con- ing and fauna plan and studies on fau- - The production, collection, use and modifications to the fundamental biogeo- nected with the Republic’s territory and this na and the environment to the Con- dissemination of publications, stud- chemical cycles (carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen). is the reason why they have been included in

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 15 174 — 175 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW the “Curriculum guidelines for a new form of 1990 as a non-governmental organization. knowledge in San Marino schools”, adopted The association is active in promoting respect with Decree no. 57 of 15 March 2006. There- for the environment and public health protec- fore, schools are the best place to promote tion. The association’s monthly magazine “Il environmental, social and cultural sustaina- sottobosco” deals with local and global envi- bility as experience of democracy and inter- ronmental issues and is very popular. cultural exchange, as well as a critic analysis of the various environmental problems, that is to say a laboratory for the shaping of different territorial development models. In the Republic of San Marino several institu- tional and non-governmental bodies promote information and public awareness campaigns. The Ministries of Environment and of Rela- tions with the Public Utilities Autonomous State Corporation promote annual campaigns to encourage separate waste collection and the reduction of drinking water and electricity consumption. Local press and television play a crucial role in these campaigns. The Prevention Department of the Social Se- curity Institute (http://www.iss.sm/online/ Home/DipartimentoPrevenzione.html) man- ages a network for the monitoring of environ- mental data on the territory and is responsible for the relevant data collection and dissem- ination. Moreover, it carries out training and information activities directed to schools and citizens. San Marino Naturalistic Centre (http://www. centronaturalistico.sm/) includes a Museum of Natural History and a Study Centre. It was established in 1997 with a view to collecting, studying and publicly exhibiting naturalistic materials and findings related to San Marino environment. Since its establishment, it has always carried out public awareness activities through cycles of conferences on San Marino's natural environments and teacher training in- itiatives. San Marino Mycological Association (http:// www.micologica.org/) was established in

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 15 176 — 177 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 178 — 179 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 16

↗ WITH REGARD TO COMBATING CORRUPTION IN ALL ITS FORMS, IN ADDITION TO VARIOUS REGULATORY INTERVENTIONS, A FURTHER STEP FORWARD WAS TAKEN WITH LAW NO. 119 OF 2 AUGUST 2019, WHICH INTRODUCED INTO SAN MARINO ↘ THE CURRENT CODE OF LEGAL SYSTEM A CATEGORY OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE DATES OFFENCE PREVIOUSLY LACKING, BACK, IN ITS ORIGINAL FORM, TO NAMELY PRIVATE CORRUPTION. 1878, ALTHOUGH SOME IMPORTANT PROVISIONS ON FAIR TRIAL WERE INTRODUCED. ↗ WITH THE AIM OF COMBATING VIOLENCE, LAW NO. 16 OF 1 FEBRUARY 2021 “AMENDMENTS TO THE CRIMINAL CODE - INTRODUCTION OF THE OFFENCE OF ↘ IN THE CRIMINAL FIELD, ILLICIT DISSEMINATION OF SEXUALLY 18 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS WERE EXPLICIT IMAGES OR VIDEOS GOAL INITIATED IN 2020 ALONE. (REVENGE PORN)” WAS APPROVED.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 16COGNOME 180 — 181 /16VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Goal 16 is dedicated to promoting peaceful COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN laboration, to which the training models im- are the following and refer to the period 1 Jan- and more inclusive societies for sustainable AND GENDER VIOLENCE plemented have provided the appropriate uary -16 November 2020. development, providing access to justice for responses. The role of Police Forces is par- As regards the prevention and repression of In the period from 1 January to 16 November all, and building accountable and inclusive in- ticularly important, due to their widespread violence against women and gender violence, 2020, 34 new civil proceedings were initiated. stitutions at all levels. presence in the territory, and they can provide the adoption of Law no. 97/2008 was the first assistance to the victims of violence, who can As of 16 November 2020, the following cases First of all, worth recalling are the provisions step that led the State to adopt a solid reg- turn to them with trust. were filed: of the preamble and the first Article of the ulatory framework in this area. In this field, Declaration on the Citizens’ Rights of the Re- San Marino has adhered to numerous interna- In this regard, on Wednesday, 2 December - 3 cases initiated in 2016; public of San Marino, which reaffirm the Re- tional instruments, in particular the Council 2020, a Memorandum of Understanding was - 5 cases initiated in 2017; public's traditions of freedom and democracy of Europe Convention on preventing and com- signed between the Gendarmerie and Sorop- - 6 cases initiated in 2018; and the rejection of any form of totalitarian- bating violence against women and domestic timist Club San Marino for the implementation - 3 cases initiated in 2019; ism. “The Republic of San Marino receives violence. of the project "Una stanza per te" (A room for - 21 cases initiated in 2020. Of the cas- generally recognized rules of international you), aimed at encouraging the reception of es initiated and filed in 2020, 12 con- Violence is a complex issue and requires an law as integral part of its constitutional order, and reporting by the victims of violence. Ac- cerned violence against women and integrated intervention by various social and to which it shall conform its acts and conduct. cording to this Memorandum of Understand- gender violence and 8 were related health professionals. It recognizes the provisions set forth in the in- ing, Soroptimist is committed to bearing the to family disputes. ternational declarations on human rights and The Social Security Institute provides a net- financial costs, designing and supplying the As of 16 November 2020, the following fundamental freedoms. It reasserts the right work of inpatient and outpatient services on furnishings for a room to be arranged at the proceedings were still pending: to political asylum. It rejects war as a means the territory to ensure an integrated model of headquarters of the Gendarmerie, including - 1 case initiated in 2016; to settle disputes between States and, in its intervention for the reception and care of vic- an area dedicated to accompanying children. - 4 cases initiated in 2019; international policy, adheres to the principles tims of violence. The Soroptimist project "Una Stanza per te" - 13 cases initiated in 2020. enshrined in the Charter of the United Na- aims at creating an encouraging and protected One of the main gateways to the Social Se- In the criminal field, 18 proceedings were in- tions. San Marino constitutional order recog- environment that helps women to have a less curity Institute for victims of violence is the itiated in 2020. The provision to users of an nizes, guarantees and enforces the rights and traumatic approach to police officers when Emergency Department, to which people turn application called “Tecum” (With You) is one fundamental freedoms set forth by the Euro- they report acts of persecution, abuse, stalk- for health care, often unaware that they are of the most recent initiatives implemented by pean Convention for the Protection of Human ing and any other kind of violence. Thanks to victims. The health assessment and treatment the Republic of San Marino. It dates back to Rights and Fundamental Freedoms” (Article 1 this dedicated and welcoming environment, process involves several Organizational Units, the end of 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 of Law no. 59 of 8 July 1974 and subsequent women can feel that attention is being paid to including Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediat- emergency period, in which forced cohabita- amendments). their experience and painful report and, if mi- rics, Mental Health, Surgery and the Analyt- tion, due to lockdown or isolation, increased nors are present, they can be guaranteed psy- With regard to Target 16.1, which aims at sig- ical Laboratory. The Socio-Health Services in the occurrence of cases of domestic and gen- chological protection in conditions of privacy nificantly reducing all forms of violence and charge of psychological and social care and der violence. It is a safe and confidential tool and safety. related death rates, the following is reported. treatment are the Organizational Units of for seeking help in cases of abuse, bullying, The number reported by the Gendarmerie of Mental Health, Protection of Minors and the Under the Memorandum of Understanding, stalking and other situations of maltreatment. victims of intentional homicide with regard to Counselling Centre for Victims of Violence, the Gendarmerie Corps and Soroptimist Club It allows users to make emergency calls and 2018, 2019 and 2020 is equal to zero for each each for the aspects falling within their com- San Marino also undertake, in compliance automatically share their satellite location to reference year. petence. with the Istanbul Convention and San Marino enable rapid intervention, in addition to the legislation, to promote educational and train- possibility of starting environmental record- Conflict-related deaths are also zero. An important role is also played by the Police ing initiatives to foster the sharing of experi- ing and accessing other useful information. There are no victims of trafficking in human Forces. The Gendarmerie has set up a special ences and the exchange of best practices in beings. The relevant number is therefore also squad called "Minors and gender violence", Always with regard to the fight against vio- the protection of women victims of violence. equal to zero. However, this is an area that which over time has become more and more lence, Law no. 16 of 1 February 2021 “Amend- needs to be kept under close monitoring, also specialized in this field by participating in In the field of violence against women, minors ments to the Criminal Code - Introduction of in the light of reports that have been made in various meetings with the Authority for Equal or gender violence, the latest available data the offence of illicit dissemination of sexually the past. Opportunities. This has led to a fruitful col- with regard to proceedings initiated in court explicit images or videos (revenge porn)” was

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 16 182 — 183 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW approved. This Law introduces the specific posal for urgent legislative interventions to en international peace and security" and with introduced into San Marino legal system a offence of illicit dissemination of sexually ex- reform San Marino criminal procedure, in or- Congress of State Regulation no. 13 of 20 No- category of offence previously lacking, name- plicit images or videos (revenge porn). It is der to ensure its effective functioning and the vember 2019 relating to the same Law. ly private corruption. Private corruption con- based on the Council of Europe Convention guarantees of a fair trial. The working group is cerns criminal conduct that entails a sanction According to the FATF, “Weapons of Mass De- on preventing and combating violence against currently actively involved in the implementa- related to corruption but does not involve a struction (WMD) proliferation programs” are women and domestic violence and continues tion of its mandate. public official. activities, carried out in violation of national the protection process undertaken by the Re- laws or international obligations, which are public of San Marino with Law no. 97 of 20 NO TO WEAPONS! EFFECTIVE AND TRANSPARENT intended for the manufacture, acquisition, June 2008 (“Prevention and elimination of vi- ADMINISTRATION The commitment to significantly reduce illicit possession, development, export, transit, olence against women and gender violence”) financing and trafficking in weapons is reflect- intermediation, transport, transfer, stockpil- The Republic of San Marino has already by introducing the offences that can material- ed by Law no. 92 of 17 June 2008 “Provisions ing or use of nuclear, chemical or biological adopted the regulatory framework neces- ly be committed. on the Prevention and Combating of Money weapons, their carriage means and related sary to foster widespread control by citizens During the parliamentary works, Parliamen- Laundering and Terrorist Financing”. materials. over the activities of the institutions and the tarians and the Minister of Justice and Family use of public resources, as well as to pursue Delegated Decree no. 74 of 19 June 2009 Proliferation programs also include technol- were unanimous in their desire to promote a the effectiveness of the administrative action and subsequent amendments regulates the ogies, materials, software, services or exper- campaign to raise awareness and disseminate and the participation of citizens in the protec- cross-border transport of cash and similar in- tise, useful for legitimate purposes, but which information on this subject, in particular by tion of public interest, in order to make the struments. The Criminal Code of the Repub- may be misused for war purposes or in any involving schools in order to make the young- Administration an effective, accountable and lic of San Marino defines, among others, the case for proliferation programs, as in the case er generations understand, first and fore- transparent institution, in accordance with offences of money laundering (Art. 199 bis), of dual-use goods. most, the need for a conscious use of social Target 16.6. associations with purposes of terrorism or networks and the negative consequences of Activities intended for the financing of prolif- subversion of the constitutional order (Art. In particular, the publication of data, doc- illegal dissemination of sexually explicit imag- eration programs consist of providing funds or 337 bis) and terrorist financing (Art. 337 ter), uments and information kept by the Admin- es and videos. financial services that contribute in part or in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction istration aims at encouraging citizens' par- full to such programs. (Art. 337 quater) and financing of proliferation ticipation in order to: ensure knowledge of EFFECTIVE AND ACCESSIBLE JUSTICE of weapons of mass destruction (Art. 337 quin- The elements that have emerged in the last the services provided, their quantitative and With regard to the promotion of the rule of quies). The international legal framework for few years have demonstrated that the financ- qualitative characteristics and the way they law at national and international level and preventing and combating terrorist financing ing of proliferation programs has widespread are provided; prevent corruption and pro- the guarantee of access to justice for all, is characterized by the measures contained in ramifications at a global level and represents mote integrity; ensure that regulations, cir- worth highlighting is the strong commitment the International Convention against terrorist a significant risk and threat also within the culars and general guidelines relating to the of the Ministry of Justice to the adoption of a financing of 8 December 1999, the Resolutions economic systems of the European area, Administration are fully known. new Code of Criminal Procedure. The current adopted by the United Nations Security Coun- where the main financial partners of the Re- Delegated Decree no. 129 of 9 November one, to which important provisions on fair tri- cil or a Committee thereof, Community leg- public of San Marino are located. 2017, which established the User Participa- al were introduced by Law no. 93 of 17 June islation and the 40 Recommendations of the tion Council, falls within the scope of Target For these reasons, with Law no. 57 of 29 March 2008, dates back to 1878. FATF (Financial Action Task Force). 16.7. Indeed, the Council is a consultative 2020, San Marino introduced the offences of body that contributes, in favor of users, to the Considering the urgent need to reform criminal San Marino shall adopt without delay by deci- proliferation of weapons of mass destruction definition of guidelines for the improvement procedure in order to guarantee the effective sion the restrictive measures, in accordance (Article 337 quater) and financing of prolifer- of public services, administrative activity and implementation of the relevant constitutional with the Resolutions of the United Nations ation of weapons of mass destruction (Article legislation, thus leading to a participatory principles and, in particular, the protection of Security Council or a Committee thereof, in 337 quinquies). and representative decision-making process the right of defense, expedition, cost-effec- compliance with Law no. 57 of 29 March 2019 With regard to combating corruption in all its at all levels. The composition of the Council is tiveness, publicity and the independence of "Measures for preventing, combating and sup- forms, in addition to various regulatory inter- based on the criterion of drawing lots for the judgements, in October 2020 the Congress of pressing terrorist financing, the financing of ventions covering Articles 373 et seq. of the representatives of citizens and on the criteri- State decided to set up a working group with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruc- Criminal Code, a further step forward was on of rotation for the representatives of eco- a view to drafting, within four months, a pro- tion and the activity of countries that threat- taken with Law no. 119 of 2 August 2019, which nomic categories and consumer associations.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 16 184 — 185 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW With regard to the objective of ensuring a re- of Terrorism (CETS no. 196), done at sponsive, inclusive, participatory and repre- on 16 May 2005, and its Additional Protocol sentative decision-making process at all lev- (CETS no. 217), signed in on 22 October els (Target 16.7), worth mentioning is Law no. 2015. Both instruments, in force since 1 July 158 of 24 September 2020 "Reform of Law no. 2017, were made enforceable by Parliamenta- 127 of 27 September 2013 - Law on Township ry Decree no. 146 of 2 September 2020. Councils", according to which foreign citizens With regard to domestic legislation, worth who have been continuously resident in the mentioning is also Decree-Law no. 148 of 10 territory of the Republic for at least ten years September 2020 “Provisions on combat- are entitled to vote in local elections. This ing terrorism - Amendments to the Crimi- is an important step forward, which allows nal Code”, (ratified with amendments on 18 foreign residents to participate more fully in September 2020), which also transposes the political life and integrate more fully into the types of offences contained in Resolution 2178 community. This category of foreigners rep- (2014) on foreign terrorist fighters. resents 10% of voters and voted for the first time on 29 November 2020. With regard to the objective of strengthening the country's most important institutions, As regards the objective of providing legal worth recalling is the commitment of the Min- identity for all, including birth registration, istry of Justice to reform the judicial system. the legislation currently in force provides for During its session of 23 June 2020, the Great the registration of all those born in the terri- and General Council voted a decision mandat- tory of the Republic of San Marino. ing, inter alia, the Minister of Justice to ini- A direct and current commitment of the Re- tiate a reform of the judiciary system "on the public is also reflected in the implementation basis of the guidelines outlined in his report" of Target 16.10.a through the drafting and and to be implemented "in compliance with adoption of a General Strategy and a National European standards, although in continuity Security Plan on Terrorism, in order to prevent and in compliance with the specificities of San and counter terrorism in all its forms. In this Marino legal system and favoring, as much as regard, worth recalling is that the Great and possible, an exchange of views on fundamen- General Council adopted Law no. 21 of 31 Jan- tal choices with the Parliamentary Commis- uary 2019 "Establishment of bodies involved in sion for Justice, the Judiciary, the Association the fight against international terrorism". This of Lawyers and Notaries and the civil society Law has established several bodies, including as a whole". Considering the above decision, the Permanent Counter-Terrorism Commis- on 5 October 2020 the Congress of State de- sion, which has among its tasks the drafting cided to set up a working group and to entrust of the Strategy and the National Security Plan it with the task of drafting a comprehensive on Terrorism, which define the plan of action regulatory reform, with a view to establishing for the prosecution, prevention, protection a new judicial system framework complying and reaction to international terrorism. The with European standards and respecting the strategy and the plan are approved by the specificities of San Marino legal system. The Congress of State. competent working group has been set up The latest international agreements on this and is expected to complete its work by the matter ratified by San Marino are the Coun- first half of 2021. cil of Europe Convention on the Prevention

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 16 186 — 187 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 188 — 189 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW GOAL 17

↗ SAN MARINO IS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN THE DEFENSE AND PROMOTION OF MULTILATERALISM AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. ↘ GDP FALLS THAT HAVE AFFECTED SAN MARINO IN THE LAST DECADE EXPLAIN THE SHORTCOMINGS AND DELAYS ACCUMULATED BY THE COUNTRY ↗ AN AMBITIOUS PROGRAM SO FAR IN TERMS OF OFFICIAL TOWARDS 2030 HAS BEEN DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE. LAUNCHED. IT TESTIFIES TO SAN MARINO'S FIRM AND CONCRETE COMMITMENT IN FAVOR OF MULTILATERALISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, WITH A GRADUAL ↘ THE LIMITED RESOURCES ADJUSTMENT TO INTERNATIONAL AVAILABLE AFFECT THE INTERNAL STANDARDS IN TERMS OF CAPACITY TO COLLECT ALL DATA AS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND REQUIRED BY THE UN AND OTHER COOPERATION. GOAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOALNOME 17COGNOME 190 — 191 /17VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO’S FOREIGN POLICY San Marino is a member of a large number Chapter 2020 “Fund for International Development Cooperation” of regional and global International Organi- The Republic of San Marino is actively en- zations. The complete list with the relevant Year Budget chapter Total use (EUR) gaged in the defense and promotion of mul- years of adhesion is available on the website availability (EUR) tilateralism. This commitment stems from the of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.esteri. awareness of the need for a small country to 2015 70,507 62,004 sm). cooperate with other States, as the only way 2016 98,871 36,430 to solve global and regional problems, and In particular, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2017 87,179 34,571 from the desire to uphold the values of in- and its Department of Foreign Affairs rely on 2018 75,000 30,000 ternational solidarity and cooperation, in the five Permanent Missions. These are located 2019 49,500 27,000 conviction that this will be beneficial to all in the cities hosting the headquarters of the parties involved. International Organizations of which San Ma- rino is a member: New York, , Vienna, San Marino's foreign policy is traditionally Strasbourg and Rome. In addition, the Perma- based on a so-called “active” neutrality. As nent Mission in is responsible for re- a promoter of dialogue, peace and human This budget chapter is used by the Public CARITÀ SENZA CONFINI lations with the European Institutions. rights, the Republic of San Marino is involved Administration to finance the activities of ONLUS ASSOCIATION in international fora on various issues. non-governmental organizations and associa- INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY tions operating in San Marino and abroad. Particular importance is attached to the In San Marino, international solidarity activi- elimination of the death penalty all over the Despite San Marino's small size, it is home to Carità senza Confini Onlus (Charity without ties are financed through two different sourc- world, the defense of freedom of religion and a remarkable variety of non-governmental Borders) was established in 1978 in the Re- es: public funds allocated to specific State belief, the protection of the rights of children organizations, cooperatives and associations public of San Marino and is a legally recog- Budget chapters and private sources (citizens and women, with particular attention to the engaged in various ways in solidarity and co- nized association. Its members, collaborators and companies). prevention of domestic violence and the pro- operation activities. and supporters are present in all the Castelli tection of victims, as well as the promotion of The two main sources of public allocations in and of the Republic. The Association Many of the 125 associations listed in the na- democracy and the rule of law. favor of international solidarity and cooper- is involved in various activities in favor of peo- tional register of the Council of San Marino ation are represented by some contributions ple who are not recognized and guaranteed The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements Associations are active in the field of inter- by San Marino to International Organizations the most basic rights, such as food, education the Republic of San Marino’s foreign policy: national solidarity. However, the largest part and by a specifically dedicated chapter of the and health. it establishes the programs and objectives is made up of associations active in the fields State Budget, namely the Fund for Interna- indicated by the Government and by the Par- of culture and education (SDG 4) and health Carità senza Confini Onlus frequently collabo- tional Development Cooperation². liament as regards international policy and (SDG 3). Many associations deal with disabil- rates with the Franciscan Missionary Sisters ₂ Chapter 2020 of the State Budget represents the State in its political, econom- ities. of Assisi and the Franciscan Missionary Sis- ic, social and cultural relations with foreign With regard to contributions to International ters of Christ. The Association started work- Worth underlining is that San Marino associ- countries; it takes care of the interests of San Organizations³, considering the parameters ing in Zambia and subsequently developed ations involved in international solidarity can Marino communities abroad; it signs bilater- established by the Development Assistance projects in , Russian Federation, also rely on the funding of private individuals al agreements and multilateral treaties and Committee (DAC) of the OECD, San Marino's Brazil, Indonesia, Philippines, Democratic Re- and companies, in addition to the allocations conventions; it participates in the activities of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in public of the Congo, Tanzania, Ethiopia, some from the above-mentioned Fund and any oth- the International Organizations, of which San 2020 amounted to € 137,395. parts of Italy and San Marino. Some members er allocations from the budget chapters man- Marino is a Member State. ₃ Chapter 2040 of the State Budget and representatives of the Association peri- aged by other Ministries and from the Auton- odically visit the countries where interven- The activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs The other source of public funds is represent- omous Captains Regent Fund, i.e. the fund tions are carried out, in order to better know are supported by a Diplomatic and Consular ed by the Fund for International Development autonomously managed by the Heads of State the people and their situations, to finalize the Corps currently consisting of 62 Ambassadors Cooperation in the State Budget. Its financial of the Republic of San Marino. ongoing projects with their cooperation and and 64 Consulates in foreign countries. availability and total use in the years from 2015 to carry out the necessary verifications. These to 2019 is described in the following table:

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 17 192 — 193 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW trips are a human and spiritual enrichment for • “A hug for Samos” population about the activities carried 2021 to reform the official development -as the participants. Hereunder are the main soli- Carità senza Confini promoted this out by Carità senza Confini. sistance activity with a view to progressively darity and international cooperation activities project to place unaccompanied mi- achieving the threshold of 0.7% of Gross Na- Although the activities financed by the Inter- carried out by the Association: nors, who are in refugee camps on tional Income, as established in the 2015 Ad- national Development Cooperation Fund do the of Samos, with San Marino dis Ababa Action Agenda. • “One meal per day” not qualify as ODA as defined by the OECD, foster families. The first step was to It consists of providing at least one the nature of these activities is intrinsically While postponing to a later stage the adapta- involve all possible San Marino Asso- meal per day at the Nutrition Centers linked to the spirit of solidarity with people tion of the modalities for providing develop- ciations dealing with solidarity and to for some 3,350 poor children who and communities in disadvantaged countries. ment assistance to the criteria established by prepare together a draft law regulating would otherwise go hungry, malnour- the OECD, the Government has committed to this matter. The reduction of financial availability in this ished or even die. (2019 data) allocating, from 2022 to 2030, a progressive Fund from 2015 to date is due to the global • OTHER PROJECTS share of GDP to international development • “YO.LA - YO.LI” (Your Land is Your economic crisis that has inevitably affected The Association has developed many and cooperation. These contributions will be Life) also the Republic of San Marino. From 2000 other projects to provide assistance directed to recognized International Organi- This project consists of the on-site pro- until 2008, the year of the global financial cri- to the disabled, medical care to the zations, to the OECD List of International Or- duction and administration of a food sis, the GDP trend in the Republic of San Ma- poor, support families and elderly ganizations Eligible for Official Development supplement to severely malnourished rino was characterized by a constant growth, people in difficulty, build homes for Assistance, according to the relevant coeffi- children who need supplementary in- with an average annual rate of approximate- orphans, schools, hospital centers cients, and to the Fund for Development and tervention in addition to the meal of- ly 6%. In 2008 it started to progressively and promote agricultural projects for International Cooperation. fered. decline, due to the long financial crisis that self-sustenance. has caused a huge loss of about 35 percent- This ambitious program towards 2030 testi- • Child sponsorship and “Michi for • Assistance to local families age points. Since 2014, San Marino’s GDP has fies to San Marino's firm and concrete commit- schooling” through the diocesan Caritas of San started to grow again, albeit at a slow pace ment in favor of multilateralism and sustaina- Through child sponsorship, 396 poor Marino- and with decreasing rates. IMF estimates for ble development, with a gradual adjustment children can study or learn a trade Through collaboration with the dioce- 2020 point to a dramatic fall in GDP of -11% as to international standards in terms of devel- while remaining in their own environ- san Caritas, the Association responds a result of measures taken to limit the spread opment assistance and cooperation. ment, and, with the "Michi for school- to requests for help from individuals of the virus. ing" project, implemented with the and families in difficult situations in TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3xmille (by which 3 per thousand of Since 2008, in parallel and concurrently with the territory of San Marino and of the taxable income declared by individu- the global financial crisis, the Republic of San In the Republic of San Marino the telephone San Marino-Montefeltro . als is donated by them when filing the Marino has had to face the challenge of re- network was implemented independently af- tax return to a specific cause), 300 • The training of its members and the structuring its economic system and public ter World War II, with the first station and the poor children and young people have Christian contribution to the devel- expenditure due to variations in tax revenues. distribution network developed until 1959. the opportunity to go to school. (2019 opment in the territory of a culture This need explains the decline in international The first agreement with the Italian company data) based on solidarity, brotherhood solidarity from both public and private sourc- TIMO⁴ was signed in 1960 and led to the con- without limits and the enhancement es. • “San Marino Bakery” in Lusaka, struction of the first electromechanical power of individuals and peoples are basic Zambia Notwithstanding the delicate and complex stations in San Marino, with 260 subscribers, objectives achieved through monthly It is a bakery opened in 2015 and man- economic situation of the Republic of San which grew to 8,078 in 1986. training, the annual Solidarity Meet- aged by the Association. This project Marino, significantly aggravated by the out- ₄ TIMO: Telefoni Italia Medio Orientale ing, which deals with themes related provides work for 13 young Zambians, break of the COVID-19 pandemic (San Marino to the purposes of the Association, and In the following years, with the company SIP, several small retailers and supplies has been, in relative terms, one of the most the publication of a periodical entitled the stations evolved. In 1988 they became free bread to orphanages, schools, affected countries in the world since the start "Urla a Squarciagola"(Scream at the digital, with strong developments in the tele- prisoners in Lusaka jails and people in of the pandemic, in relation both to mortality top of your lungs!). This periodical in- phone network and services. extreme need. rate and economic impact), the Government forms the supporters and San Marino has recently adopted Decision no. 4 of 19 April Subsequently, they moved to Telecom Italia

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 17 194 — 195 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW and finally to TIM, with constant technological STATISTICAL DATA ing and drafting the Voluntary National Re- progress to keep up with developments in the view (VNR) has brought to surface the need to In the Republic of San Marino there is a na- provision of advanced services. strengthen data collection in the Republic of tional office in charge of collecting statistical San Marino, which until now has been propor- In the mid-1990s, Telecom Italia presented data. This Office (IT, Technology, Data and tionate to the needs of a small country. the Socrate Project, a broadband platform for Statistics Office - UPECEDS) is made up of 3 the entire San Marino territory. This project sections: The national statistical data are all published envisaged the cabling (mixed coaxial-optical and available at www.statistica.sm. ‒­­ Economic Planning, which carries out fiber cabling) of approximately 15,000 build- systematic general and sectoral stud- ing units over a period of two years. However, ies in the economic and social fields. the suspension of the project in Italy led to the It supports the Minister of Finance and interruption of the network laying, with the Budget by drafting the annual Econom- cabling of only 10,085 building units. ic Program, which outlines the Gov- The basic idea behind the Socrate Project was ernment's short- and medium-term to provide widespread connectivity to every economic and financial policies. It pre- home. Over the years, this type of connec- pares the annual Economic Statistical tion has matured into FTTx, which has made it Report to the State Budget; possible to deliver broadband via the optical ‒ Statistics, which promotes and im- fiber. plements research, processing and In San Marino, the leading operator TIM has publication of official statistical data started to deliver this technology, making con- of the Republic of San Marino, on the nection possible in about 90% of the territo- basis of an approved Statistical Pro- ry. Subsequently, major investments by AASS, gram. It contributes to the statistical the public multi-service company, made it research activities of other offices and possible to develop a point-to-point FTTH sectors of the Public Administration, to network, which is still being implemented and which it provides criteria and method- which covered 50% of San Marino's residen- ological standards; tial and business building units in 2020. FTTH ‒ Information Technology, which pro- service is provided by two licensed operators vides technical, operational and ad- using the AASS access network. ministrative support to the IT Author- Within the next two to three years, the net- ity in the preparation, management work will be completed, reaching 15,000 and development of the State IT plan, building units. Every San Marino resident centralized and departmental infor- will have access to broadband and there- mation systems and office automation fore to connections with speeds greater than systems of the Public Administration 100Mb/s. and the Overall Public Sector, as well as planning of data transmission net- Today in the Republic of San Marino there works. is only one mobile telephone network and only one mobile network operator (MNO), as With regard to the Statistics section, although well as one mobile virtual network operator in San Marino the ten Fundamental Principles (MVNO). The 2G-4G coverage of the territory of Official Statistics are effectively adopted is over 90% and the 5G testing (medium and and complied with, as per ECOSOC Resolution high band) has started. 2013/21 of 24 July 2013, the activity of prepar-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 GOAL 17 196 — 197 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 NOME COGNOME 198 — 199 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ↗ THE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IS FOCUSED ON THE REBALANCING OF INLAND AND COASTAL AREAS. IT WILL PROVIDE FOR A CLOSE INTRA- REGIONAL COOPERATION, THUS STRONGLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE RELAUNCH OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN NEIGHBORING CITIES AND TERRITORIES, PROMOTING COMMON ↘ WE ARE WORKING TO PROMOTE AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING NEW FORMS OF HOSPITALITY, BASED OF THE RICH NATURAL, CULTURAL ON SLOW MOBILITY AND NETWORKS AND HISTORICAL DIVERSITY AND OF FOOTPATHS AND CYCLE ROUTES, STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS THUS OVERCOMING THE MODEL OF FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE 2030 MASS TOURISM, CHARACTERIZED AGENDA GOALS. BY ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES CONCENTRATED MAINLY IN THE ANNEX – HISTORIC CENTRE. ↗ ALL THE ACTIVITIES OF THE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ↘ IT IS NECESSARY TO DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ARE HIGHLY SUSTAINABLE ENHANCE AND SUPPORT “SMALL SUSTAINABLE FOR A NUMBER OF DIMENSIONS”, BY DEVELOPING REASONS, INCLUDING, ABOVE ALL, POLICIES OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THE ENHANCEMENT OF VARIOUS REDISTRIBUTION OF TOURIST TERRITORIES, WITH THE RELEVANT TOURISM FLOWS, AS WELL AS THE “NATURAL THEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF FLOWS CONTEXT”. INDEED, ONLY IN PLACES AND THE ABILITY TO GENERATE WHERE THERE IS A STRONG FOCUS EXCURSION FLOWS AND TOURIST ON NATURE WILL IT BE POSSIBLE FLOWS EVEN IN LOW SEASON. TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE, LONG- LASTING AND, ABOVE ALL, SELF- SUSTAINING TOURISM FORMULAS.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEXNOME COGNOME – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 200 — 201 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW THE MISSION OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR following table summarizes the fundamental With reference to the quality of tourism for The history, cultural aspects and identity of SUSTAINABLE TOURISM principles of the Strategic Plan for the devel- the local community, linked to the impact that the Republic must increasingly be able to be- The strategic tourism development project opment of tourism in the Republic of San Ma- tourism has on the life, work and relations of come tourist products, and the concept of the and its subsequent implementation is based rino, approved by Congress of State Decision the inhabitants, and environmental impact, ancient land of liberty must also be strength- on a number of key principles, in consider- no. 79 of 29 December 2018, which are trans- of strategic importance for the satisfaction ened. This is because: ation of the significant and common effort lated into strategic elements permeating all of tourists and local communities, over the - The globalization of markets and the made by all those who participate, in various activities and constituting, at the same time, last decade some regulatory measures have fact that goods and persons can move ways, in the tourism economy, and of the need a sort of guiding criteria, useful also in the been put in place to achieve a sustainable more easily have led to an increase not to deviate from the defined program. The various subsequent assessment phases. tourist destination, while also supporting the in world travel, resulting in a greater economic and financial sustainability of tour- search for uncommon, non-standard ism-related businesses. places that cannot be found every- The mission of the Plan for Sustainable Tour- where, namely places that have a true ism, and therefore its vision, must be to make connection with their history; San Marino an essential stopover for inter- - Given that the phenomenon de- Principle Description national travelers who choose Italy, but also scribed above is growing steadily, only Sustainability This theme is common to all the strategies of the Republic and must be strongly sup- a destination of primary motivation for the destinations that are able to present ported and pursued. Tourism must be guaranteed the ability to generate economic choice of their trip. This can be achieved by themselves on the international mar- benefits for the whole community, as it is “sensitive” to the needs of residents and their concerns. At the same time, it must be able to offer visitors an excellent expe- launching new attractive factors and thematic kets with offers that are not "plasti- rience and to monitor the maintenance of environmental quality. products in terms of sustainability, which are cized and repeatable" but having a Quality Improving the quality of all the "components" contributing to the experience of a able to highlight the choices made and the strong identity will be able to attract visit to and/or stay in San Marino. Whether the focus is on structural quality (public projects underway, as well as the landscape interest; services, hospitality, catering, retail, etc.) or intangible quality (i.e. hospitality in all specificities of the territory, while enhanc- - Without having to invent anything, its forms), this principle must always consider the relationship between quality and ing its image and international positioning. It San Marino already offers a series price. must be an easily accessible destination that of events and opportunities closely Distinctiveness "Supporting" the motivational choices of Guests, as we are all looking for something generates stories and pride in the visitors, a linked to its history and culture, but it different, beyond the usual. The Republic of San Marino already has a strong identity destination with a vibrant culture, proud of is necessary to make a further step for- and a distinctive character of its own, and it is important that all is enhanced, in its heritage, traditions and culture and of the ward and have the strength to invest in every opportunity for promotion/enhancement. If enhanced in the right way, the identity of San Marino can become an important competitive advantage, or better, it choices made in terms of sustainability, and this tourism theme. therefore a destination that takes care of its can ensure uniqueness. In a nutshell, the Republic of San Marino must Guests in a special and sustainable way. Accessibility Ensuring a friendly system of accessibility to San Marino for all, no one excluded. strengthen the image of its identity. This im- This concept is valid for those arriving by their own means of transport or by coach, age finds its strength in institutional events - who must be helped to reach the Historic Centre, for those who may have difficulties ART AND CULTURE: THE ROLE OF CULTUR- from the two annual ceremonies of investiture of various kinds (families with small children, the disabled, etc.) and who must have AL HERITAGE IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE of Their Excellencies the Captains Regent to dedicated services that are easy and quick to use, for those who do not know our DEVELOPMENT IN SAN MARINO AND THE customs and traditions or even our language, who must be assisted and received the Patron Saint's Day, from the Anniversary ENHANCEMENT OF UNIQUENESS/IDENTITY with due care. of the Republic’s Liberation to the Changing of Innovation This element must be primarily assessed when implementation projects are de- Acting on the specificities and uniqueness the Guard - and in the values of local tradi- veloped and/or the projects are effectively executed. Indeed, if we want to make that the Republic of San Marino is able to offer tions, as moments and places for socializing, changes, we need to be bolder, braver and more ambitious in continuously redefining means abandoning the current competitive which become, at the same time, elements of the way in which activities are carried out - whatever they are - by looking for new logic, often based only on price. Being a sov- interest and possibilities to enrich tourist of- approaches/stimuli. ereign State certainly generates interest and fers. There are also other important factors, curiosity, but it is also an element of strong such as the cultural identity, which is linked uniqueness. The focus is both on tourists and to San Marino’s symbolism, easily perceivable on day-visitors. thanks to its alleys, the Towers and the Basili-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEX – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 202 — 203 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ca, its walls and its places of cultural expres- ed. It is necessary to increase the knowledge Placing sustaina- • Ensuring the inclusion of tourism in national priorities, reflecting its sion/museums, etc. - Typical local products, of the historical and cultural values present in ble tourism in the capacity to create jobs, promote economic growth and inclusion and which need to be promoted and enhanced San Marino, and it is necessary to rationalize national agenda advance sustainability. with greater efforts by the trade and catering the offer and focus communication on that • Creating a whole government approach to tourism development system, as well as the issue of the landscape, with greater added value and a higher level of etc. The obligation to be met is twofold: on the identity. by establishing national tourism councils for the coordination of all one hand, as "self-perception and self-rep- policies and cooperation with the private sector. resentation" by all those working in the tour- STRATEGY AND NETWORK: SUSTAINABLE ism chain, and not only, and the way in which TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Transitioning to the This crisis could jeopardize our collective ability to achieve the 17 this concept is conveyed; on the other hand, At the time of preparing this study - first quar- circular economy SDGs by 2030. Defining, revising or advancing the implementation the way in which it is “perceived” by Guests. ter of 2021 - the impact on tourism demand and embracing the of sustainable and responsible tourism within the framework of the The value of identity as a factor conditioning of the economic crisis following the COVID-19 the choices of Europeans is confirmed by the SDGs SDGs. pandemic is worth specifying. The world is fact that 32% of European residents consider • Supporting the transition towards a circular economy: this crisis is facing an unprecedented health emergency, it to be a determining factor when choosing also an opportunity to place stronger emphasis on the development with an unprecedented impact on our soci- their destination, understood as the overall eties and livelihoods. Travel and tourism are of strategies that enhance coordinated action and decisions across attractiveness of the place and not just in the among the sectors most affected by this crisis all actors (producers, distributors, consumers, etc.) in the tour- sense of a single attractive element. In this and urgent support is required for the millions ism value chain. This can support integrating circularity in tourism context, strong support is provided by being a of jobs at risk. UNWTO calls on Governments UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has been operations, transitioning to more resource efficient and low carbon and International Organizations to act now to declared as a useful factor for "strengthening tourism operations, while also enhancing the competitiveness and support jobs and economies through travel identity". resilience of the sector as a whole. and tourism as a means to mitigate the impact Art and culture are extremely important but of COVID-19 and accelerate recovery, by con- • Embracing sustainability more fully will help tourism as the sec- also very fragmented in San Marino: public sidering the recommendations endorsed by tor establishes closer links with the wider United Nations system. A museums and private exhibitions, theatres the Global Tourism Crisis Committee, includ- resilient sector is vital if tourism is to become a key partner of UN and cinemas, palaces and exhibitions are ing those most relevant to the development agencies, International Organizations and international finance in- scattered everywhere. These are a range of of sustainable tourism as a response to the stitutions as the global community works to realize the 2030 Agenda. options, whose potential is not fully exploit- post-COVID-19 crisis:

Also taking up the invitation of UNWTO to San Marino may help the community to recov- action - Healing Solutions for Tourism Chal- er from this crisis, both economically and so- lenge - for the mitigation and recovery of the cially. The Republic of San Marino will be able tourism sector, heavily affected by the post to exploit its vocations such as sport, well- COVID-19 economic crisis, the Republic of ness, biodiversity and nature, by proposing San Marino is strongly committed to the post the rediscovery of nature trails, for example COVID-19 emergency planning. With a view to the Titano Pathway. The following table de- restarting, contact with nature and outdoor scribes the main contents of the extraordinary activities remain a priority in the promotion of regulatory intervention projects on sustaina- tourist products and destinations: the image ble tourism: of a sustainable tourism for the Republic of

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEX – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 204 — 205 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW In the tourism sector, a slow and gradual re- Green Tourism Policies to relaunch Green Tourism, trekking in its various forms (literary, photographic, etc.), collaborations on the basis of impromptu op- excursions, bike experiences along the Titano Pathway, guided speleological visits, climbing covery is expected, with fewer tourists going portunities, but never in a structural way. This on Mount Titano, yoga, horseback riding, Nordic walking, drive in, use of public land for events to places less distant from home, which can project is based on the awareness that the and catering activities in attractive tourist locations and monumental areas of the Historic be reached by car. More off-season travel Centre-Unesco Site, ecological bus service to the Historic Centre, shooting, dedicated places desirability and attractiveness of a single ter- for falconry, target shooting on ungulate silhouettes and dog training camps. is also expected, with a preference for less ritory increase by promoting the surrounding Measures have also been outlined to encourage tourism in accommodation facilities in natural crowded places. Tourists will be looking for a area and everything that already exists there- environments: solution that combines environment and cul- a) Tree houses: accommodation facilities located in a raised position above the ground on tall in, which today can be further enhanced. This trees; ture, namely the offer of sustainable and less project starts from the need to launch a new b) Bubbles: accommodation in bubbles; mass tourism, which is respectful of the envi- way of living the "territorial heritage", where c) Barrels: accommodation in wooden barrels; ronment. We could finally lay more solid foun- d) Caves: accommodation in natural caves. the territory becomes an incubator of innova- dations for a tourism strategy based on an tion and enhancement of excellence. The aim Rural Tourism In harmony with the rural development programs of the European Union, the Republic of San ecologically sound impact, meeting the needs Marino supports agriculture also through the promotion of suitable forms of tourism in the is to create a territorial network aimed at sup- countryside. In order to enhance the environmental, socio-cultural, economic and agricul- of people who live in a place and of those who porting the joint development of a State, two tural heritage and to implement tourist reception, the Republic of San Marino promotes the visit it. regions and a number of municipalities, by development of rural tourism. It is considered appropriate to intervene on Law no .23 of 27 January 2006, with the aim of favoring the implementation of accommodation businesses such For the Republic of San Marino, the sensi- taking concrete actions, which are necessar- as agritourism and bed and breakfasts: the improvement of existing facilities and the creation tive issues to be invested in are tourist flows ily strongly shared. The activities carried out of new ones must be facilitated through forms of incentives. management, environmental impact and re- as part of this project are therefore developed Social Tourism The following is recognized: “The strategic role of tourism for the cultural and social growth of ception, also assuming a possible scenario in a synergic way among the Ministry of Tour- individuals and the community and to foster relations among different peoples” is recognized, ism of the Republic of San Marino, the Emilia and the commitment of the Republic of San Marino to promote “actions to overcome the obsta- for the short-medium term: a tourism main- cles to the use of tourist services by citizens, with particular reference to the elderly and those ly based on proximity and centered on some Romagna region and the Marche region, with with reduced motor and sensory capabilities”, is underlined. On 27 March 2019, by strengthe- fixed points: the subsequent direct involvement of the mu- ning the "San Marino for all" project to promote San Marino as an accessible and sustainable nicipalities. Once the final draft of the project destination, the open-air tactile museum “Tactilia” was inaugurated at the Panoramic “Canto- ne”, in the Historic Centre. This museum is aimed at making the artistic and cultural heritage - Safe reception; has been prepared, it will also be submitted of the Historic Centre accessible to visitors with visual, hearing and motor disabilities, but also - Nature; to UNWTO, which has already endorsed its in- to offer young people and schoolchildren a valid and attractive educational tool. This museum - Ensuring enough space to avoid itial intentions. was further expanded during the summer of 2020. crowding. Sustainable The approach to tourism recovery must be an opportunity to quickly launch the sector towards There exists an "unwritten" historical link Tourism a new model of sustainable production and consumption. Environmental measures are integra- The rebalancing of inland and coastal areas is between the Republic of San Marino and its ted into incentives, investment schemes and special funds. These measures include resource the focus of an important territorial develop- neighboring territories. This relationship is re- efficiency (energy, water efficiency, waste management) and the encouragement of sustainable ment project: the Sustainable Tourism Devel- mobility and are aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. This will enable the tourism sector to impro- flected in the fact that San Marino and its sur- ve the environmental sustainability of its operations and will allow the Republic of San Marino opment Project - Working Group on Territorial rounding territories share, in a brotherly way, to work in synergy with International Organizations focused on sustainability and to further Tourism (hereafter TTT). This program, which support the recovery of the sector. an important historical and naturalistic herit- includes close intra-regional cooperation, age, as well as values and ideals, despite being Economic Support measures have been provided for the enhancement of the tourism and commercial will strongly contribute to the relaunching of and financial sector (as in the specific areas described above), together with extraordinary support measures different States. The intention is to mutually sustainability for for economic operators, who have suffered a reduction in monthly turnover since the beginning tourism in neighboring cities and territories exploit this relationship in the tourist sector, tourism opera- of the COVID 19 health emergency, compared to the same months of the previous year, as a and will promote common awareness and un- which, more than others, has no administra- tors: support for direct consequence of the application of COVID-19 Decrees. derstanding of the rich natural, cultural and accommodation, tive boundaries but develops on the basis of catering and re- historical diversity. This collaboration will un- territorial links. Therefore, this project is ef- tail businesses doubtedly strengthen partnerships on com- fectively implemented in a primary sector for mon issues and priorities. We are certain that the economy of the entire territory involved, UNWTO will support this important project for i.e. the Emilia Romagna and Marche regions the Republic of San Marino. and the many participating municipalities. The TTT intends to represent a model of trans- Worth highlighting is also that this project is national cooperation among neighboring not limited to a mere promotion of the accom- territories, which, until now, have developed modation offer. The starting point of the pro-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEX – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 206 — 207 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ject is rather an activity of planning, organiza- coming years. Indeed, the motivational drive The project is developed around three key fac- OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT tion, enhancement and implementation of the of and foreigners in deciding how to tors, which also represent the very values of a The primary purpose of the project has al- visit/stay opportunities as a whole. Essential- spend their holidays will inevitably change. It territory that intends to precisely enhance its ready been stated above, i.e. the willingness ly, this advanced territorial marketing activi- is also evident that sustainability, nature and environmental peculiarities: to create an "aggregate system of tourist val- ty is intended to accelerate the challenge of outdoor spaces, and all the possibilities of ues" that can best represent the excellence of • "Small size", developing policies for the territories through internal cooperation, making new discoveries in small places, will the territory, giving space and visibility to all the sustainability of tourist flows. In- integration and systematization of opportuni- become considerably important. It will also the various components. This purpose is then deed, action is taken on areas that are ties. This can only be achieved by putting the be fundamental - for destinations that want divided up into a series of general objectives large but logistically restricted, where territory and its uniqueness/excellence at the to maintain and/or achieve a market share - to be pursued thorough this project, such as: every activity carried out can be eas- center of the system. Therefore, this project to be able to represent a territory where dis- ily monitored and immediately rear- • Identifying development policies and starts from the need to launch a new way of covery itineraries, routes and visits are really ranged. In these places, "small size" drawing-up/implementing a trans- living the "territorial heritage". The territory feasible, since these perfectly meet the needs represents an element of estrange- national cooperation model, with a becomes an incubator of innovation and en- of new tourists. Therefore, the intention is to ment from everyday life and a new per- strong exchange of competences; hancement of excellence, in the awareness work on offers and products based on the val- ception and use of time, which takes • Disseminating the benefits of the ac- that the models used so far for the enhance- ues linked to nature, slow movement and its on a slow pace; tion on the whole area, thanks to the ment of tourism are considered useful, but no full integration with cultural and identity as- • "Human relationship", on the basis of development of thematic itineraries/ longer sufficient to fully meet the changed/ pects, etc. This approach is perfectly in line the capacity to establish direct human routes involving the entire area; changing needs of the tourist and economic with the latest indications of the European relations offered by small territories, • Consequently, developing internal community of the territory. There is a strong Commission, according to which "we should which assumes a unique value in terms customer circuits based on motiva- need for integration and systematization. look ahead to the future of tourism and look of experience. Guests who come into tional preferences; This project is being developed in a historical at how to make it more resilient and sustain- direct contact with the residents of the • Increasing tourist flows, in order to moment when the tourism economy is expe- able, learning from the crisis and anticipating territory empathically acquire a range generate a direct and induced benefit riencing extreme difficulties, due to the COV- new trends and consumer patterns related to of information and knowledge and, in on the whole area and local communi- ID-19 pandemic. This situation could lead the it". It is therefore immediately evident that a parallel, understand the value of the ties; territories to assess the possibility of block- planning - like this one - intending to have a identity of that place and become its • Increasing the number of day-visi- ing their planning in the tourism sector, while vision of tourist development based on full in- first ambassadors. The resulting per- tors, as they generate economic value waiting for more positive times. This would be tegration among the territories and on the will ception is that of genuine relation- also for areas with a small number of a huge mistake, because it is precisely at this to create proposals, ideas for stay and stimuli ships, not affected by economic needs accommodation facilities but rich in stage that not only far-sightedness but also a to visit a large area, can only have nature and but based on pleasure and the desire day use options; precise cognitive vision is needed. Indeed, the landscape at the center of its very structure, for sincerity and socialization; • Increasing visibility and favoring the opportunity to be seized today is to identify with a series of motivational and thematic el- • “Naturalistic context”, which repre- attractiveness of the territory as a this area as a territory with its own soul, by ements that are able to capture the interest sents the basic concept on which the whole and of single areas; acting on elements that can generate addi- of each individual group and individual cus- area's tourist offer is developed. Only • Diversifying the territorial position- tional added value for all the areas involved. tomer. Integration among the territories is, in places where there is a strong atten- ing, thus managing to acquire new However, it is necessary to point out that the for sure, the founding element of this project, tion to nature can sustainable tourism market share with respect to specific "model" to be developed comes from afar, in which develops through institutional aggre- be developed, which can last over time segments/groups; consideration of the need to outline a new gation. Aggregation must be understood in and, above all, is self-sustaining. The • Developing, in an agreed and coordi- relationship with the neighboring territories, "statistical" terms, indicating the high value reason for this is that the environment nated way, some innovative initiatives and the tourism sector is the cornerstone of generated by the transition from individual is the central element of tourist en- in terms of tourism marketing, includ- this relationship. It is also true that the situa- to global dimensions. Indeed, only in this way joyment, as well as the context where ing event support; tion we are still experiencing has destabilized can direct and induced benefits be generated, most of the activities are concentrat- • Increasing promotion and enhance- the entire world, and even in the phase of "re- not only for the businesses in the tourism in- ed, be they sports, leisure, cultural, ment actions at national and inter- turn to normality" this experience will leave dustry but also for the entire local community. food and wine, etc.. national level, always in an aggregate tangible signs on travelers’ profiles in the manner;

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEX – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 208 — 209 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW • Generating interesting and stimu- • Enhancement of various territorial ar- includes a State and its Heads of Township canyoning, ultra-running, caving, etc.; lating stories, based on passion, also eas, with relevant distribution of tour- Councils, two regions and a multiplicity of • Landscape: the beauty of naturalistic producing tourist content in line with ist flows based on specific themes; municipal administrations, by taking concrete places and landscapes become ele- modern needs, in addition to the par- • Promotion of offers based on "green" actions, which are strongly supported by all ments of attraction and interest around allel development of an innovative and mobility, encouraging this kind of mo- the Institutions involved. The transnational which discovery routes and itineraries stimulating storytelling; bility; cooperation model developed through this can be developed (to be travelled with • Including in the project some op- • Promotion of typical local products project is therefore based on the awareness the desired mobility system), even for tions/events that become promotion and support for their sale; that the desirability and attractiveness of a specific groups (e.g. photographers); and enhancement opportunities for all • Ability to attract day-visitors and single territory increase by promoting the • Heritage collection: a route that be- the territories involved. tourists even in low season; surrounding area and everything that already comes a real "collection" of historical These are certainly complex objectives • Little or no impact on the environ- exists therein, which today can be further en- and cultural values scattered through- and to achieve them it is necessary to ment. hanced through teamwork. out the territory, linking museums and define a planning that starts from what exhibitions with cultural events, mon- Therefore, with reference to the Sustainable the territory offers, therefore by per- THE TERRITORY INVOLVED uments with elements of local culture, Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agen- forming the following actions: etc.; da, the project is in line with the following The project is developed on a territorial area • Systematization of the excellence • Food experience: the wide possibility Goals: which, having the Republic of San Marino as present within the territory involved, of discovering typical products, tra- its center, involves the Italian municipalities enhancing the value of products/itin- 8 - Promote inclusive and sustainable ditional and quality catering, visiting located in a territorial radius of about fifty eraries/routes capable of creating ex- economic growth, employment and local producers and tasting products, kilometers: from the Adriatic Coast - from Ra- perience-based product chains; decent work for all (Targets 8.2, 8.3, etc.; venna to Pesaro - to the hills, up to the inland, • Enhancement and creation of inter- 8.9); • Castles and historic houses: in this i.e. the land of the Montefeltro and Malatesta nal circuits, since much of what exists 11 - Make cities inclusive, safe, resil- natural setting it is possible to discov- Families. The municipalities with which the is still locked up within its own limited ient and sustainable (Targets 11.3, 11.4, er castles, fortifications and historic project is to be developed are 108, while oth- boundaries; 11.a); houses that represent the history of er municipalities may join later, in addition to • Identification of suitable tools to 12 - Ensure sustainable consumption noble families and ancient estates; the two Italian regions of Emilia Romagna and communicate externally, as full en- and production patterns (Targets 12.8, • Villages: "small places" that have Marche. hancement of the territories also de- 12.b); maintained a strong identity and are pends on the use of effective and inno- 15 - Protect, restore and promote sus- Therefore, the environment and territory are able to transmit their own, precise ter- vative tools; tainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, the scenario within which it is possible to ritorial identity; • Development of cooperative-based sustainably manage forests, etc. (Tar- make a series of experiences, such as: • Wellness and relaxation: places of interrelation among the parties in- gets 15.1, 15.6, 15.a); • Bike experience: itineraries and well-being, where it is possible to volved, by sharing any opportunities 17 - Strengthen the means of imple- routes dedicated to all those who love spend time in contact with nature for visibility/joint promotion at nation- mentation and revitalize the global bike in its various forms (i.e. cycle while focusing on personal well-being; al and international level; partnership for sustainable develop- tourism, mountain biking, e-biking, • Handmade : a route to discov- • Any further opportunities that may ment (Targets 17.13, 17.14, 17.15, 17.16, downhill, BMX, etc.), up to simple bike er small craftsmen who represent emerge thanks to the territorial value 17.17). rides; an enormous value of this territory’s generated. • Slow outdoor activities: routes in the "know-how". This project aims at representing a transna- The entire activity developed with this nature, to be covered slowly, practic- The route/itinerary can be selected by tional cooperation model among neighboring project - called Sustainable Tourism ing a light sport activity such as Nordic the customer: areas, which have become fully aware of the Development Project - is highly sus- walking, walking, dog trekking, etc.; • On the basis of a sports/slow move- need for real structural cooperation and its tainable for a number of reasons. The • Adrenaline activities: dedicated to all ment motivation (such as by bike, on potentials. It is, therefore, necessary to de- main reasons are the following: those who are looking for adrenaline , etc.). In this case, the aspects velop a modus operandi capable of support- • Access to and enhancement of places experiences and/or activities in nat- (which must always be enhanced) of ing the joint development of this area, which still unknown to many; ural environments, such as climbing, cultural, food and wine, identity, etc.

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEX – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 210 — 211 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW become complementary; gency management, and concrete responses • On the basis of an experience-related related to the proposal for new, more respon- motivation (such as a route to discover sible and sustainable tourism models. The naturalistic aspects, villages, castles, Republic of San Marino can provide such re- culture, etc.). In this case, the mobility sponses thanks to the combination of cultural system used (bike, walking, horseback and environmental resources, located in a ter- riding, etc.) becomes functional to the ritory rich in naturalistic features, by offering discovery of the territory. a wide variety of destinations, thanks also to the synergies with the neighboring territories. This way of presentation/promotion of the territory allows - in addition to creating a strong transnational link - to develop a series of routes and itineraries that can be used in various ways, for example by e-bike/muscular bicycle, on foot, on horseback, etc., as well as, of course, with the more traditional means of transport, such as the car. Everything will take place within a "scenar- io": the natural and environmental “scenario” that characterizes this territory. Around these thematic macro-motivations, Guests will have the opportunity to choose the experience-re- lated element that is most in line with their stay/discovery desire. This is a way of promot- ing and marketing tourism products not just by enhancing the routes and itineraries avail- able in the area, but also by expanding their values and interest on the markets thanks to the ability to stimulate the particular and per- sonal interest of individual visitors.

CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 made us aware that there are no borders on planet Earth. Therefore, all coun- tries are called upon to share the concerns for environmental protection, social equality and quality of life, cultural diversity and a dynamic and vibrant economy that provides jobs and prosperity for all. The impact of the crisis on the tourism sector following the COVID-19 epidemic has high- lighted the fragility of the system, which re- quires urgent reflection, not limited to emer-

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 ANNEX – SUSTAINABLE T0URISM 212 — 213 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW CREDITS of the Department DEPARTMENT OF Laura Cervellini, GRAPHIC DESIGN Pag. 128 — of Foreign Affairs FINANCE AND BUDGET Statistical Expert AND LAYOUT Ethnofestival Giuseppe Digeronimo Studio MW Federico Valentini, Ida Valli, at the IT, Technology, e Ilaria Ruggeri MINISTRY OF Telecommunications Director of the Data and Statistics Pag. 130 Studio Taller TERRITORY AND Expert at the Ministry Department of Finance Office Dogana boundary of Foreign Affairs, Riccardo Varini, ENVIRONMENT and Budget SOCIAL SECURITY Vagnetti Primo - COORDINATOR OF International Economic University of San Marino Erica Matteini, INSTITUTE Pag. 142 THE WORKING GROUP Cooperation and Technical Expert of the The historical centre FOR SUSTAINABLE Telecommunications Department Alessandra Bruschi Director General of the IMAGE CREDITS with the Public Palace DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT of Finance and Budget Social Security Institute — and the Basilica Stefano Canti, OF TERRITORY Sara Giusti, Gabriele Rinaldi Pag. 15 Vagnetti Primo Minister of Territory, AND ENVIRONMENT Director of the Vehicle Registration Office Former Director Visit San Marino Pag. 151 Environment and Lucia Mazza, of the Health Authority Pag. 24 Fiorani Simone Maria Agriculture Director of the DEPARTMENT Micaela Santini Statue of Liberty Pag. 152 Giuliana Barulli, Department of Territory OF ECONOMY Head of the Labour Coordination of Zirilli Giuseppe Visit San Marino and Environment Massimo Cenci, Medicine and Hygiene the Working Group Pag. 33 Pag. 163 Tonino Ceccoli, Director of the Unit for Sustainable Typical products View of the Environmental and Department of Economy Enrico Guidi Development Consorzio Terra "Cesta" Tower Agricultural Resources Laura Ferretti, Administrative Expert Marta Stacchini, di San Marino Morri Leandro Management Office Technical Expert of the Erika Giardi Territorial Planning San Marino's wines Michele Stacchini, Department of Economy Legal Administrative Pag. 164 Technical Expert Consorzio vini tipici Environmental and Alice Andreini, Expert Visit San Marino DEPARTMENT OF Agricultural Resources at the Health Authority Secretary at the Pag. 34 Pag. 169 FOREIGN AFFAIRS Management Office Ministry of Industry Omar Raimondi Grape harvest Sandro Casali, Director of the Natural Fiorani Simone Maria Matteo Mazza, in San Marino San Marino DEPARTMENT and Built Environment Pag. 177 Director of the Albani Luca Naturalistic Centre OF EDUCATION Protection Unit Visit San Marino Department Giorgio Brigliadori, Raffaella Sapigni Pag. 45 e 46 Laura Gobbi, Pag. 187 of Foreign Affairs One-Stop-Shop Director of the Public Campagna Vaccinale Damiano Beleffi, Director of the Anti Covid-19 Visit San Marino for the Building Sector Department Health Laboratory Unit Permanent Studio Taller Pag. 188 - Energy Section of Education Antonio Putti Representative Tempera by Retrosi-Hall Giorgio Chiaruzzi, Sara Beccari, Director of the Pag. 59 to the United Nations, of the Great and General Public Utilities Department Veterinary Health Giardino Monastero New York Council Autonomous State of Education and Food Hygiene Unit S. Chiara Federica Bigi, Corporation Righi Filippo CONSULTANCY Unirsm Design Director of Political Valentina Ugolini, DEPARTMENT OF AND CONTRIBUTIONS Pag. 60 Pag. 197 and Diplomatic Affairs Civil Protection Service CULTURE AND TOURISM of the Department Visit San Marino Salute to the flag Emanuele Valli, Filippo Francini, Marco Affronte, Sgarbi Albano of Foreign Affairs Pag. 74 Territorial Planning Director of the Editor-in-Chief Ilaria Salicioni, Fiorani Simone Maria Pag. 198 Office Department of Culture Biancamaria Rizzo, Directorate of Political Scientific Coordinator Basilica of San Marino and Diplomatic Affairs DEPARTMENT and Tourism Pag. 91 - "Pieve Loretta Zafferani, for SDGs in charge of the Taddei Goffedro of the Department OF INSTITUTIONAL Secretary of Territory Fabbri Loretta of Foreign Affairs AFFAIRS AND JUSTICE Administrative Expert at Pag. 99 Pag. 212 Natascia Bartolini, the Ministry of Tourism Associazione ONLUS Souvenir Handicrafts Romina Parenti, Carità Senza Confini Taddei Goffredo Permanent Director of the CIVIL SERVICE Fabbri Loretta Representation Department DEPARTMENT INTERPRETERS’ OFFICE Pag. 106 to the United Nations, of Institutional Public Palace New York Roberta Mularoni, Marina Volpinari Affairs and Justice Capicchioni Laura Leopoldo Guardigli, Director of the IT, Directorate of Political Technology, Data Pag. 124 and Diplomatic Affairs and Statistics Office Fiorani Simone Maria

SAN MARINO REPORT FOR THE 2021 CREDITS 214 — 215 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW