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The Chinese Dream” Through the Mirror of Modern Social Research

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The Chinese Dream” Through the Mirror of Modern Social Research View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 2 (2016 9) 374-393 ~ ~ ~ УДК 32.019.51 “The Chinese Dream” Through the Mirror of Modern Social Research Natalia P. Koptseva* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 12.07.2015, received in revised form 18.09.2015, accepted 16.11.2015 The 18th Congress of the National Communist Party of China announced a new ideological slogan of the “great dream of China” that includes achievement of moderate prosperity for all Chinese citizens, rejuvenation of the nation and transformation of the country into the most powerful state of the world. The party rhetoric still relies on socialism and Karl Marx. The present article is a review of the modern Russian, Western and Chinese research devoted to the “Chinese Dream”. “The Chinese Dream” ideologeme is associated with another important ideologeme, “harmonious culture”. Modern Chinese researchers understand “harmonious culture” as a triunity of socialistic and Marxist values, traditional national Chinese culture (Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism), and modern global cultural practices and technologies. “Harmonious culture” is a brand new ideologeme the Chinese government wishes to operate in order to change the social consciousness of the Chinese middle class, distracting it from the problems of the rising social contradictions. The government draws academicians, thinkers, and politicians to the development of a new ideological language of “harmonious culture” believing that ordinary people cannot act as cultural policy subjects. The socialistic Chinese society is being transformed into a society oriented at the values uniting global cosmopolite capitalism and traditional national Chinese values. According to modern Chinese government, Chinese “harmonious” culture is intended to spread all around the world by both “soft” and “solid” means. Keywords: China, the “Chinese Dream”, “harmonious culture”, socialism with a Chinese characteristic. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-2016-9-2-374-393. Research area: culture studies. Introduction Results and discussion Considering the specificity of modern Even though the motto of the “great dream of Chinese political space, we may assume that the China” was announced by the General Secretary basic cultural processes are mainly determined of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping not as they are constructed in the national cultural so long ago, only in March 2013 (Sukhadol’skaia, policy. The modern cultural policy of the People’s 2015), the number of researches, analyses, and Republic of China can be referred to as the interpretations of the term is extremely large, “Chinese Dream” (Zhōngguó mèng). including those mentioned in Russian cultural © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] – 374 – Natalia P. Koptseva. “The Chinese Dream” Through the Mirror of Modern Social Research studies and foreign Sinology. According to stage may last for at least 100 years. The results Xi Jinping the “Chinese Dream” consists of the will be seen by the centennial of the socialistic following components: 1) powerful and rich state state of China establishment that happened in (guojia fuqiang), 2) renewal of nation (mingzu 1949. Leaving aside the economic and political zhengxing), 3) happy people (renmin xingfu) reformations, supported by The 18th Congress (Kondrashova, 2014). Xi Jinping clarified the of the National Communist Party of China, it is economic basis the “great dream of China” of the essential to consider that within the next 30 years renewal of the Chinese nation can be fulfilled on: Chinese cultural policy will be concentrated on “The purpose of the struggle before us”, he said, constructing Chinese cultural identity (Koval’, “is the following: by 2020, to double the GDP and 2012), which is intended to be as positive as income of the urban and rural people per capita possible (Koptseva and Seredkina, 2013). in comparison with the 2010 indicator; complete L.I. Kondrashova suggests that this constructing building a moderately prosperous society. By the process may weaken the reliance upon Western middle of the next century we need to transform philosophical ideologemes typical of Christianity our country into a rich, powerful, democratic, and Marxism and, on the opposite, strengthen the civilized, harmonious socialistic state and live reliance upon some traditional Chinese cultural the Chinese Dream of the great renewal of the values associated, first of all, with Confucianism: Chinese nation (Xi Jinping, 2013). “The postulate of the “rejuvenation of the It is natural that the association between the nation”, included into the “Chinese Dream”, “Chinese Dream” and the “American Dream” should be understood, first of all, as the official could not but appear. The Chinese term authors rehabilitation of traditional Chinese thought and a wished for it themselves. Thus, referring to the sort of Confucianism renaissance” (Kondrashova, participation of some Chinese representatives in 2014). one of the numerous public events, “The China” There are some discrepancies in the magazine wrote: “The dream of the USA to interpretation of the “great dream of China” strengthen their state is the quintessence of the among the Chinese, Russian and other foreign Americans’ dream to build a career. In its turn, researchers. The Chinese emphasize, first of the Chinese Dream is also connected to the all, socialistic characteristics of the values that fact that each Chinese is ready to demonstrate embody the “Chinese Dream”. Thus, Zeng impressive creativity to achieve his goals, because Guoping and Wei Feng in their article “The the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has Realization of the Great “Chinese Dream” and to rely on the efforts and innovations of millions the Establishment of Community Socialist of Chinese” (Ot Amerikanskoy…). Core Values” (2015) claim that until recently Modern China researchers (Kuznetsov, 2015) the socialistic values establishment in Chinese suppose that The 18th Congress of the National society was only announced, while the time has Communist Party of China of November 8-14, come to mobilize the whole Chinese society and 2012, did mark a new era in the country’s history. use all modern tools to bring the basic socialistic The Congress introduced a new article into the values into general practice for the first time in Constitution of the CPC announcing “socialism the history of the humankind. with Chinese characteristic” to be built in China, Zhang Bo (2015) studies the concept of the though the CPC ideologists call the regime the “great dream of China” in the context of including “initial stage of socialism” and suppose that this the concept into the educational medium of the – 375 – Natalia P. Koptseva. “The Chinese Dream” Through the Mirror of Modern Social Research Chinese state. He supposes that the rejuvenation In October 2012 popular American of the nation is common hope for each and economic journalist Thomas L. Friedman in his every Chinese, and that this hope is the power article China Needs Its Own Dream published and energy required for future development of in The New York Times wrote that the “Chinese Chinese society. Therefore, the author defines the Dream” term was introduced and popularized “Chinese Dream” as energy, the desired future, by journalist Peggy Liu as a synonym for the and the strength sought by Chinese society to “sustainable development of China”. Thomas concentrate its resource for the upcoming break- Friedman also writes that the “Chinese Dream” through. is opposed to the American Dream and is used Analysis of the researches explaining the to contrast and emphasize differences between “Chinese Dream” concept demonstrates that the the two: it shows whether the Chinese youth has a term appeared in the public Chinese consciousness dream different from the American one. long before it was announced by Xi Jinping. In The Therefore, the “Chinese Dream” concept is Chinese Dream: a Society Under Construction developing in the early 21st century in the context (2008) providing rich statistic and analytic of the radical economic, social and cultural material, N. Mars and A. Hornsby study possible transformations of Chinese society caused by reasons of Chinese economic growth of the last economic growth, urbanization, emergence of 30 years along with the unprecedented social and new social and economic classes and collective cultural transformations of the modern Chinese identities that are new for China. Zheng Wang society caused by urbanization. According to the in his article The Chinese Dream: Concept And authors, there is no doubt that China is turning Context (2014) studies the historical prerequisites into a true universal superpower which is, of the concept, its meaning in the national basically, the Chinese Dream itself. renaissance context and its possible international In 2010 the book The Chinese Dream: The interpretations. Rise of the World’s Largest Middle Class And It is considered inappropriate to understand What It Means To You by Helen Wang was the “Chinese Dream” as something opposed to published; in the first part of the book the author the socialistic Chinese doctrine. In May 2013 unveils the causes and factors of the emergence Xi Jinping called the Chinese youth to dream and of middle class in modern China:
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