Epilim Data Sheet
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"Macrolides"? Classify Each Drug in This Chapter As a Macrolide Or Azalide, and As an Antibiotic Or Semi-Synthetic Derivative
STUDY GUIDE THE MACROLIDE/AZALIDE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 1. Why are these antibiotics derivatives called "macrolides"? Classify each drug in this chapter as a macrolide or azalide, and as an antibiotic or semi-synthetic derivative. 2. What are the key structural differences between erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin? 3. Generally how does spiramycin and josamycin differ in structure from the commercial macrolides/azalides (2 reasons)? 4. What are the “ketolides and how do they differ in structure from the commercial macrolides? 5. What is the biosynthetic source of erythromycin? What is the lactone moiety of erythromycin called? What sugar moieties are present and what are their properties? 6. What hydrolysis product forms from erythromycin in aqueous acid or base? What is the significance of this reaction? Can it occur with other macrolides? 7. When does the “intramolecular cyclization” reaction occur with erythromycin? What is it's significance (two reasons) and how does it occur? Which functional groups are important for this reaction? 8. What salt forms of erythromycin are available? Which are water soluble? Which are water-insoluble? How is each salt form formulated and used (oral or parenteral)? 9. What ester and ester salt derivatives of erythromycin are available? What is the estolate? How is each salt form formulated and used (oral or parenteral)? What are the advantages of these esters dosage forms? 10. How does clarithromycin differ in structure from erythromycin? Why was this macrolide developed (the role of the 6-methoxy)? 11. How does azithromycin differ in structure from erythromycin? Why was this macrolide developed? 12. How does dirithromycin differ in structure from erythromycin? Why was this macrolide developed? What is the active form of this prodrug? 13. -
Migraine Prophylaxis: Which Drugs Work and Which Ones Don't
Migraine Prophylaxis: Which Drugs Work and Which Ones Don’t Hans-Christoph Diener, MD Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. J Gen Intern Med 28(9):1125–6 investigated in two properly powered and conducted studies DOI: 10.1007/s11606-013-2469-2 and found not to be effective compared to placebo.3, 4 Adding © Society of General Internal Medicine 2013 data from poorly controlled and underpowered studies in a meta-analysis, as in this paper, gives the wrong impression that he paper by Shamliyan et al.1 in this issue of JGIM is a very nimodipine is as effective in migraine prevention as propran- T important contribution to headache research. The authors olol. Another example illustrated in this meta-analysis involves conducted a systematic literature review of drug treatment for the gabapentin. Most of the published trials are poorly conducted, underpowered, or have manipulated statistical analyses, such as prevention of episodic migraine. They analysed randomised 5 controlled trials (RCTs) and performed meta-analyses where modified intention-to-treat analyses. The meta-analysis in this appropriate. The two important outcomes examined in the paper indicated possible efficacy. Yet, in the time between the analysis are a ≥ 50 % reduction in migraine frequency and submission and publication of this paper, a recent well-powered adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation. dose finding trial was published investigating four doses of gabapentin as compared with placebo for migraine prevention. 6 What are the strengths of this paper? This trial showed no benefit for gabapentin. Another problem inherent in meta-analyses that this paper The authors are experts in this kind of analysis. -
Integrating Complementary Medicine Into Cardiovascular Medicine
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 1, 2005 © 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.031 ACCF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE EXPERT CONSENSUS DOCUMENT Integrating Complementary Medicine Into Cardiovascular Medicine A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (Writing Committee to Develop an Expert Consensus Document on Complementary and Integrative Medicine) WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS JOHN H. K. VOGEL, MD, MACC, Chair STEVEN F. BOLLING, MD, FACC BRIAN OLSHANSKY, MD, FACC REBECCA B. COSTELLO, PHD KENNETH R. PELLETIER, MD(HC), PHD ERMINIA M. GUARNERI, MD, FACC CYNTHIA M. TRACY, MD, FACC MITCHELL W. KRUCOFF, MD, FACC, FCCP ROBERT A. VOGEL, MD, FACC JOHN C. LONGHURST, MD, PHD, FACC TASK FORCE MEMBERS ROBERT A. VOGEL, MD, FACC, Chair JONATHAN ABRAMS, MD, FACC SANJIV KAUL, MBBS, FACC JEFFREY L. ANDERSON, MD, FACC ROBERT C. LICHTENBERG, MD, FACC ERIC R. BATES, MD, FACC JONATHAN R. LINDNER, MD, FACC BRUCE R. BRODIE, MD, FACC* ROBERT A. O’ROURKE, MD, FACC† CINDY L. GRINES, MD, FACC GERALD M. POHOST, MD, FACC PETER G. DANIAS, MD, PHD, FACC* RICHARD S. SCHOFIELD, MD, FACC GABRIEL GREGORATOS, MD, FACC* SAMUEL J. SHUBROOKS, MD, FACC MARK A. HLATKY, MD, FACC CYNTHIA M. TRACY, MD, FACC* JUDITH S. HOCHMAN, MD, FACC* WILLIAM L. WINTERS, JR, MD, MACC* *Former members of Task Force; †Former chair of Task Force The recommendations set forth in this report are those of the Writing Committee and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. -
35 Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets 2 Mg/0
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH INCLUDING PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION PrCYESTRA®-35 cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 2 mg/0.035 mg THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Acne Therapy Paladin Labs Inc. Date of Preparation: 100 Alexis Nihon Blvd, Suite 600 January 17, 2019 St-Laurent, Quebec H4M 2P2 Version: 6.0 Control # 223341 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ CYESTRA-35 Product Monograph Page 1 of 48 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION ....................................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 3 INDICATION AND CLINICAL USE ..................................................................................................... 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................................... 4 ADVERSE REACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 13 DRUG INTERACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 16 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................ 20 OVERDOSAGE .................................................................................................................................... -
The National Drugs List
^ ^ ^ ^ ^[ ^ The National Drugs List Of Syrian Arab Republic Sexth Edition 2006 ! " # "$ % &'() " # * +$, -. / & 0 /+12 3 4" 5 "$ . "$ 67"5,) 0 " /! !2 4? @ % 88 9 3: " # "$ ;+<=2 – G# H H2 I) – 6( – 65 : A B C "5 : , D )* . J!* HK"3 H"$ T ) 4 B K<) +$ LMA N O 3 4P<B &Q / RS ) H< C4VH /430 / 1988 V W* < C A GQ ") 4V / 1000 / C4VH /820 / 2001 V XX K<# C ,V /500 / 1992 V "!X V /946 / 2004 V Z < C V /914 / 2003 V ) < ] +$, [2 / ,) @# @ S%Q2 J"= [ &<\ @ +$ LMA 1 O \ . S X '( ^ & M_ `AB @ &' 3 4" + @ V= 4 )\ " : N " # "$ 6 ) G" 3Q + a C G /<"B d3: C K7 e , fM 4 Q b"$ " < $\ c"7: 5) G . HHH3Q J # Hg ' V"h 6< G* H5 !" # $%" & $' ,* ( )* + 2 ا اوا ادو +% 5 j 2 i1 6 B J' 6<X " 6"[ i2 "$ "< * i3 10 6 i4 11 6! ^ i5 13 6<X "!# * i6 15 7 G!, 6 - k 24"$d dl ?K V *4V h 63[46 ' i8 19 Adl 20 "( 2 i9 20 G Q) 6 i10 20 a 6 m[, 6 i11 21 ?K V $n i12 21 "% * i13 23 b+ 6 i14 23 oe C * i15 24 !, 2 6\ i16 25 C V pq * i17 26 ( S 6) 1, ++ &"r i19 3 +% 27 G 6 ""% i19 28 ^ Ks 2 i20 31 % Ks 2 i21 32 s * i22 35 " " * i23 37 "$ * i24 38 6" i25 39 V t h Gu* v!* 2 i26 39 ( 2 i27 40 B w< Ks 2 i28 40 d C &"r i29 42 "' 6 i30 42 " * i31 42 ":< * i32 5 ./ 0" -33 4 : ANAESTHETICS $ 1 2 -1 :GENERAL ANAESTHETICS AND OXYGEN 4 $1 2 2- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE DROPERIDOL ETHER FENTANYL HALOTHANE ISOFLURANE KETAMINE HCL NITROUS OXIDE OXYGEN PROPOFOL REMIFENTANIL SEVOFLURANE SUFENTANIL THIOPENTAL :LOCAL ANAESTHETICS !67$1 2 -5 AMYLEINE HCL=AMYLOCAINE ARTICAINE BENZOCAINE BUPIVACAINE CINCHOCAINE LIDOCAINE MEPIVACAINE OXETHAZAINE PRAMOXINE PRILOCAINE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION & SEDATION FOR 9*: ;< " 2 -8 : : SHORT -TERM PROCEDURES ATROPINE DIAZEPAM INJ. -
Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES -
Neurontin (Gabapentin)
Texas Prior Authorization Program Clinical Criteria Drug/Drug Class Gabapentin Clinical Criteria Information Included in this Document Neurontin (gabapentin) • Drugs requiring prior authorization: the list of drugs requiring prior authorization for this clinical criteria • Prior authorization criteria logic: a description of how the prior authorization request will be evaluated against the clinical criteria rules • Logic diagram: a visual depiction of the clinical criteria logic • Supporting tables: a collection of information associated with the steps within the criteria (diagnosis codes, procedure codes, and therapy codes); provided when applicable • References: clinical publications and sources relevant to this clinical criteria Note: Click the hyperlink to navigate directly to that section. Gralise (gabapentin Extended Release) • Drugs requiring prior authorization: the list of drugs requiring prior authorization for this clinical criteria • Prior authorization criteria logic: a description of how the prior authorization request will be evaluated against the clinical criteria rules • Logic diagram: a visual depiction of the clinical criteria logic • Supporting tables: a collection of information associated with the steps within the criteria (diagnosis codes, procedure codes, and therapy codes); provided when applicable • References: clinical publications and sources relevant to this clinical criteria Note: Click the hyperlink to navigate directly to that section. March 29, 2019 Copyright © 2019 Health Information Designs, LLC 1 Horizant -
Investigation of Influence of Diazepam, Valproate, Cyproheptadine and Cortisol on the Rewarding Ventral Tegmental Self-Stimulation Behaviour
Ind. J. Physio!. Pharmac., Volume 33, Number 3, 1989 INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF DIAZEPAM, VALPROATE, CYPROHEPTADINE AND CORTISOL ON THE REWARDING VENTRAL TEGMENTAL SELF-STIMULATION BEHAVIOUR SONTI V. RAMANA AND T. DESIRAJU· Department ofNeurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health arzd Neuro Sciences, Bangalore - 560 029 ( Received on June IS, 1989 ) Abstract: Experiments were carried on in the Wistar rats having self-stimulation (88) electrodes implanted chronically in substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA) to examine whether modulations of GABAergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, dopaminergic, and glucocorticoid neuronal receptor functions will affect or not the brain reward system and the 88 behaviour. The modulalon are the wellknown drugs: diazepam which is a facilitator ohome of the GABA recepton, and used clinically (or its tranquilising, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anti-convulsant properties: sodium valproate which is known to enhance the GABA synapse function, and used clinically for its anti convulsant property; haloperidol which is a dopaminergic receptor (D2) blocker, and clinically used for its anti-psychotic property; cyproheptadine which is both anti-histaminic and anti-serotonergic (blocka 5-HT2 receptor), used clinically for its antihistaminic and other beneficial properties; and hydrocortisone which is the stress-resisting glucocorticoid having direct effects on both brain and body cells, used clinically for the wide-ranging glucocorticoid therapeutic effects. The results revealed that systemic administration of these drugs, except haloperidol, caused no significant influenee on the 88 behaviour, thereby indicating that these nondopaminergic drugs have no effect on brain-reward system and also these categories of synaptic actions are not likely to be involved in the primary organization of the mechanisms of the brain-reward system. -
Erythromycin Versus Tetracycline for Treatment of Mediterranean Spotted Fever
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.61.10.1027 on 1 October 1986. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1986, 61, 1027-1029 Erythromycin versus tetracycline for treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever T MUNOZ-ESPIN, P LOPEZ-PARtS, E ESPEJO-ARENAS, B FONT-CREUS, I MARTINEZ- VILA, J TRAVERIA-CASANOVA, F SEGURA-PORTA, AND F BELLA-CUETO Hospital de Sant Llatzer, Terrassa, Clinica Infantil del Nen Jesus, Sabadell, and Hospital Mare de Deu de la Salut, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain SUMMARY Eighty one children aged between 1 and 13 years participated in a randomised comparative trial of tetracycline hydrochloride and erythromycin stearate for treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever. Both therapeutic regimens proved effective, but in patients treated with tetracycline both clinical symptoms and fever disappeared significantly more quickly. Likewise, when those patients who began treatment within the first 72 hours of illness are considered the febrile period had a significantly shorter duration in the group treated with tetracycline. One patient was switched to tetracycline because there was no improvement of clinical manifestations, with persistence of fever, myalgias, and prostration, after receiving eight days of treatment with erythromycin. These results suggest that tetracyclines are superior to erythromycin in the treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever. copyright. Mediterranean spotted fever is an acute infectious were not included in the trial; neither were those disease caused by Rickettsia conorii. During the -
MIRENA Data Sheet Vx3.0, CCDS 25 1
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET 1. PRODUCT NAME MIRENA 52 mg intrauterine contraceptive device (release rate: 20 microgram/24 hours) 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION MIRENA is an intrauterine system (IUS) containing 52 mg levonorgestrel. For details of release rates, see Section 5.2. For the full list of excipients, see Section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM MIRENA consists of a white or almost white drug core covered with an opaque membrane, which is mounted on the vertical stem of a T-body. The vertical stem of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system is loaded in the insertion tube at the tip of the inserter. Inserter components are an insertion tube, plunger, flange, body and slider. The white T-body has a loop at one end of the vertical stem and two horizontal arms at the other end. Brown coloured removal threads are attached to the loop. The T-body of MIRENA contains barium sulfate, which makes it visible in X-ray examination. The IUS and inserter are essentially free from visible impurities. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Contraception Treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia provided there is no underlying pathology. Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy MIRENA Data Sheet Vx3.0, CCDS 25 1 4.2 Dose and method of administration MIRENA is inserted into the uterine cavity. One administration is effective for five years. The in vivo dissolution rate is approximately 20 microgram/24 hours initially and is reduced to approximately 18 microgram/24 hours after 1 year and to 10 microgram/24 hours after five years. The mean dissolution rate of levonorgestrel is about 15 microgram /24 hours over the time up to five years. -
1493 JP XV Infrared Reference Spectra
JP XV Infrared Reference Spectra 1493 Roxatidine Acetate Hydrochloride Preparation of sample: Potassium chloride disk method Roxithromycin Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Saccharin Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method 1494 Infrared Reference Spectra JP XV Saccharin Sodium Hydrate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Salbutamol Sulfate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Santonin Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method JP XV Infrared Reference Spectra 1495 Scopolamine Butylbromide Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Siccanin Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Sodium Fusidate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method 1496 Infrared Reference Spectra JP XV Sodium Picosulfate Hydrate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Sodium Prasterone Sulfate Hydrate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method JP XV Infrared Reference Spectra 1497 Sodium Salicylate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Sodium Valproate Preparation of sample: Liquid film method Spiramycin Acetate Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method 1498 Infrared Reference Spectra JP XV Spironolactone Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Sulbactam Sodium Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method Sulbenicillin Sodium Preparation of sample: Potassium bromide disk method JP XV Infrared Reference Spectra -
Effect of Picrotoxin and Cyproheptadine Pretreatment On
Int J Biol Med Res. 2012; 3(2): 1606-1608 Int J Biol Med Res www.biomedscidirect.com Volume 2, Issue 4, Jan 2012 Contents lists available at BioMedSciDirect Publications International Journal of Biological & Medical Research BioMedSciDirect Journal homepage: www.biomedscidirect.com International Journal of Publications BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Original article Effect of picrotoxin and cyproheptadine pretreatment on sodium valproate induced wet dog shake behavior in rats B M Sattigeri*, J J Balsara, J H Jadhav Department of pharmacology, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth’s SBKS & MIRC, Piparia, Vadodra Gujaart Department of pharmacology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Malkapur, Karad (Dist.Satara) 415110, Maharashtra, India A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Keywords: Sodium valproate, a broad spectrum antiepileptic elevates the brain GABA levels by various Cyproheptadine mechanisms. Histological, electrophysiological and the biochemical studies suggest a Picrotoxin Sodium valproate regulatory role of GABA on dopaminergic neurons. Behavioral studies in animals provide an Wet Dog Shake Behavior additional evidence for interaction between GABAergic and DAergic systems. Valproate at 200- 500mg/kg induces Wet Dog Shake (WDS) behavior in rats. The WDS behavior in rats and head twitch responses in mice is evoked by 5- hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HT), the 5-HT precursor, the directly acting non-selective 5-HT receptor agonists and 5-HT releasers. In order to determine the involvement of GABAergic and 5-HTergic mechanism in the induction of WDS behavior by valproate in rats, the study was taken upto investigate the effect picrotoxin and cyproheptadine pretreatment on valproate induced WDS in rats.